{"id":13128,"date":"2021-10-14T10:19:39","date_gmt":"2021-10-14T02:19:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/?p=13128"},"modified":"2024-04-04T01:30:29","modified_gmt":"2024-04-03T17:30:29","slug":"%e5%bb%b6%e8%bf%9f20%e4%b8%96%e7%ba%aa%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e6%8a%80%e6%9c%af%e4%b8%8e%e5%b0%8f%e8%af%b4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/site\/works\/dhjournal\/202002\/13128.html","title":{"rendered":"\u5ef6\u8fdf:20\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u7684\u6280\u672f\u4e0e\u5c0f\u8bf4"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a \u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\u00b7\u66fc\u8c22\u5c14   \u66fe\u6bc5(\u8bd1)\u00a0 \uff1b\u8f6c\u81ea\uff1a\u516c\u4f17\u53f7 DH\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong><span style=\"color:#60569a\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8df5<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" 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Coetzee)\u5199\u4e0b\u4e86\u4e24\u6761\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u81ea\u767d\uff0c\u8c08\u8bba\u4ed6\u672c\u4eba\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u201c\u6211\u4e5f\u4e00\u6837\u201d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5199\u9053\uff0c\u201c\u65e9\u5df2\u4e0d\u7531\u81ea\u4e3b\uff0c\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a21\u4e16\u7eaa\u4eba\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u5728\u6211\u5199\u7684\u4e66\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u8fd8\u5728\u7528\u624b\u5199(\u4ee5\u53ca\u6295\u9012)\u7eb8\u4fe1\uff0c(\u5076\u5c14\u4f7f\u7528\u7684)\u6700\u5148\u8fdb\u901a\u8baf\u624b\u6bb5\u662f\u7535\u8bdd\u2014\u2014\u90a3\u78b0\u5de7\u8fd8\u662f19\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u53d1\u660e\u201d<sup>[1]<\/sup>\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u5e93\u5207\u8fdb\u516521\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u665a\u4e8610\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5219\u665a\u5f97\u66f4\u591a\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u4ed6\u5728\u540e\u6765\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u5c01\u4fe1\u4e2d\u6240\u8a00:\u201c\u4f60\u8bf4\u4f60\u5e76\u4e0d\u4ecb\u610f\u521b\u4f5c\u4e2a\u4eba\u7535\u5b50\u8bbe\u5907\u65e0\u5904\u4e0d\u5728\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u3002\u6211\u5f97\u627f\u8ba4\u6211\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u3002\u8ba9\u7535\u8bdd\u5728\u4e66\u91cc\u51fa\u73b0\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u7684\u6781\u9650\u4e86\u2014\u2014\u5c31\u90a3\u8fd8\u662f\u4e0d\u60c5\u4e0d\u613f\u7684\u3002\u201d<sup>[2]<\/sup>\u5728\u56de\u4fe1\u4e2d\uff0c\u5965\u65af\u7279\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u878d\u5408\u4e86\u9a84\u50b2\u548c\u7f9e\u803b\u7684\u8bed\u6c14\uff0c\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u63cf\u8ff0\u6210\u5f53\u4eca\u6570\u5b57\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5c45\u6c11:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6ca1\u9519\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eea\u5668\u5168\u90fd\u6210\u4e86\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5bb6\u82e5\u60f3\u8c08\u8bba\u5f53\u4eca\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u62d2\u7edd\u627f\u8ba4(\u5b83\u4eec\u7684)\u5b58\u5728&#8230;&#8230;\u3002\u6211\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u7528\u624b\u673a\u4e86&#8230;&#8230;\u53ef\u6211\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u65e0\u77e5\u548c\u56fa\u6267\u5230\u8981\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0d\u5408\u6f6e\u6d41\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u585e\u8fdb\u4e66\u4e2d\u4eba\u7269\u7684\u5934\u8111\u3002\u6211\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u5168\u4ee5\u201c\u5f53\u4e0b\u201d\u4e3a\u80cc\u666f\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u624b\u673a\u6210\u4e3a\u4eba\u7269\u884c\u52a8\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6211\u4e5f\u4e0d\u518d\u4f7f\u7528\u7b14\u8bb0\u672c\u7535\u8111&#8230;&#8230;\u4f46\u7535\u8111\u548c\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4ecd\u7136\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u8fdb\u516521\u4e16\u7eaa\u540e\u521b\u4f5c\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u3002\u6211\u53ef\u662f\u4e2a\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005!<sup>[3]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4ed6\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e86\u79cd\u79cd\u9650\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f46\u5965\u65af\u7279\u660e\u663e\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u5bf9\u65b0\u6280\u672f\u7684\u6d89\u53ca\u89c6\u4e3a\u4ed6\u521b\u4f5c\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u5c0f\u8bf4\u9700\u8981\u627f\u62c5\u7684\u4f17\u591a\u8d23\u4efb\u4e4b\u4e00\u2014\u2014\u65e0\u8bba\u8fd9\u79cd\u6d89\u53ca\u662f\u4f55\u7b49\u7b28\u62d9(\u4f8b\u5982\u201c\u4eea\u5668\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u7684\u4f7f\u7528)\u3002\u9274\u4e8e\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5e94\u6709\u201c\u5bf9\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u4e25\u8083\u5173\u5207\u201d\uff0c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u7684\u5f53\u4ee3\u89d2\u8272\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0d\u62e5\u6709\u624b\u673a\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u7535\u8111\u2014\u2014\u54ea\u6015\u8eab\u5904\u5f53\u4ee3\u5374\u4e0a\u4e86\u5e74\u7eaa\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u672c\u4eba\u5e76\u4e0d\u5982\u6b64\u3002<sup>[4]<\/sup>\u5965\u65af\u7279\u5766\u8bda:\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5426\u4e50\u610f\uff0c\u201c\u6211\u90fd\u660e\u767d\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u5f53\u4eca\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u8fd0\u8f6c\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u9f13\u8d77\u52c7\u6c14\u52aa\u529b\u63a5\u53d7\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u522b\u65e0\u9009\u62e9\u201d\u3002<sup>[5]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u572821\u4e16\u7eaa\u6765\u4e34\u4e4b\u9645\uff0c\u6b64\u7c7b\u5ba3\u8a00\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u987d\u5f3a\u6297\u62d2\u8fd8\u662f\u9eef\u7136\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u90fd\u5df2\u4e0e\u4e0a\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4eba\u4eec\u666e\u904d\u8ba4\u540c\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u6587\u5b66\u53f2\u76f8\u53bb\u751a\u8fdc\u3002\u6bd5\u7adf\uff0c\u4ece\u201c\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd0\u52a8&#8230;&#8230;\u76f4\u5230\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u7684\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5b9e\u9a8c\u201d\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u53c8\u4e00\u4f4d\u5b66\u8005\u90fd\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u51fa\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6559\u8bf2:\u5bf920\u4e16\u7eaa\u6587\u5b66\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6280\u672f\u521b\u65b0\u65e2\u662f\u201c\u9a71\u52a8\u529b\u201d\uff0c\u53c8\u662f\u201c\u7edf\u6444\u6027\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u201d\u3002<sup>[6]<\/sup>19\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u7684\u4e00\u4ee3\u4f5c\u8005\u62e5\u62b1\u90a3\u4e9b\u201c\u6539\u53d8\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u81ea\u6211\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u201d\u7684\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u4ee5\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e3a\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u8270\u96be\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b0\u5f0f\u7684\u201c(\u79cd\u79cd)\u73b0\u4ee3\u751f\u6d3b\u8f6c\u55bb\u201d<sup>[7]<\/sup>\u7684\u590d\u6742\u542b\u4e49\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u79d1\u6280\u53d1\u660e\u4e5f\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e86\u6587\u5b66\u754c\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u5c06\u4f5c\u5bb6\u5f15\u5165\u201c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u6280\u672f\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u53d8\u9769\u201d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u201c\u65b0\u5f0f\u521b\u4f5c\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u201d\uff0c<sup>[8]<\/sup>\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f97\u4ee5\u201c\u521b\u65b0\u201d\u3002<sup>[9]<\/sup>\u4e0e\u6b64\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u5230\u4e8620\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e0b\u534a\u53f6\uff0c\u88ab\u9a6c\u514b\u00b7\u9ea6\u683c\u5c14(Mark McGurl)\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u6280\u672f\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u201d\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4e5f\u5c06\u65b0\u6280\u672f\u7f6e\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u521b\u4f5c\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3002<sup>[10]<\/sup>\u5230\u4e86\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\uff0c\u6280\u672f\u672c\u8eab\u5df2\u7ecf\u6f14\u53d8\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u5176\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u53d9\u4e8b\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u592a\u5927\u53d8\u5316:\u7535\u89c6\u6cbf\u88ad\u7535\u62a5\u548c\u7535\u8bdd\u6240\u5f00\u542f\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u201c\u4f5c\u5bb6\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u8bed\u5b57\u5178\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u66f4\u6210\u4e3a\u7535\u89c6\u7684\u201c\u6c38\u6052\u81e3\u4ec6\u201d\u3002<sup>[11]<\/sup>\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u00b7\u6208\u5e03\u5c14\u5728\u5176\u6770\u4f5c\u300a\u7f8e\u5999\u7684\u7535\u8def:\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u5a92\u4ecb\u5851\u9020\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u300b\u7684\u5f00\u7bc7\u4fbf\u8fd9\u6837\u5f3a\u8c03:\u201c\u6211\u65e0\u610f(\u518d\u4e00\u6b21)\u8bc1\u660e\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e3b\u52a8\u4e0e\u5927\u4f17\u4f20\u64ad\u540c\u6b65\u7e41\u8363\uff0c\u4e5f\u65e0\u610f\u8bc1\u660e\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u65b0\u6280\u672f\u7684\u501f\u7528\u548c\u5f15\u5165\u800c\u53d6\u5f97\u4f17\u591a\u521b\u65b0\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u53c8\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u67d0\u79cd\u66f4\u7cbe\u81f4\u3001\u66f4\u7a00\u7f3a\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u201d<sup>[12]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7136\u800c\u5982\u4f55\u624d\u80fd\u5c06\u4e00\u79cd\u5df2\u7ecf\u65e0\u987b\u8d58\u8ff0\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u8bdd\u8bed\u548c\u4e0e\u4e4b\u622a\u7136\u5bf9\u7acb\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u9648\u8ff0(\u4ee5\u5965\u65af\u7279\u548c\u5e93\u5207\u4e3a\u4f8b)\u8c03\u548c\u8d77\u6765\u5462?\u4fe1\u606f\u6280\u672f\u4f55\u4ee5\u5360\u636e\u5173\u4e8e20\u4e16\u7eaa\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u53c8\u4f55\u4ee5\u5728\u5176\u4e34\u8fd1\u5c3e\u58f0\u65f6\u660e\u663e\u7f3a\u5e2d?\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u6280\u672f\u521b\u65b0\u66fe\u7ecf\u542f\u53d1\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u521b\u65b0\uff0c\u4f55\u4ee5\u5728\u968f\u540e\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u91cc\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u6587\u5b66\u4e2d\u5f15\u8d77\u6c89\u9ed8?\u5e93\u5207\u4e0e\u5965\u65af\u7279\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u66f4\u50cf\u662f\u8fd1\u6765\u5f53\u4ee3\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5bb6\u8bc4\u8bba\u4e2d\u7684\u5e38\u4f8b\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4f8b\u5916\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e0d\u4ec5\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e0e\u6280\u672f\u76f8\u5173\u768420\u4e16\u7eaa\u6587\u5b66\u53f2\u5728\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u805a\u53d8\uff0c\u4e5f\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u6bb5\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u53d9\u4e8b\u503c\u5f97\u6211\u4eec\u91cd\u65b0\u5ba1\u89c6\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u6234\u7ef4\u00b7\u57c3\u6770\u987f\u5728\u300a\u65e7\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u51b2\u51fb\u529b:1900\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u6280\u672f\u4e0e\u5168\u7403\u53f2\u300b\u4e2d\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u6280\u672f\u53f2\u901a\u5e38\u4fa7\u91cd\u201c\u57fa\u4e8e\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u7ebf\u201d\uff0c\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u662f\u53d1\u660e\u521b\u9020\u7684\u65f6\u671f\u4ee5\u53ca\u65b0\u5947\u6280\u672f\u9020\u6210\u7684\u6587\u5316\u51b2\u51fb\u3002<sup>[13]<\/sup>\u5173\u4e8e\u6280\u672f\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u53f2\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u4e5f\u662f\u76f8\u4f3c\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u90fd\u653e\u5728\u65b0\u751f\u6280\u672f\u5982\u4f55\u201c\u50ac\u751f\u65b0\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u6cd5\u201d\u548c\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u501f\u52a9\u6587\u5b66\u8bb0\u8f7d\u6765\u5ba1\u89c6\u4e00\u79cd\u666e\u904d\u56fe\u666f\u7684\u6210\u5f62\u201d\u3002<sup>[14]<\/sup>\u9488\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u57c3\u6770\u987f\u63d0\u51fa:\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u57fa\u4e8e(\u6280\u672f)\u8fd0\u7528\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u201d\u2014\u2014\u5373\u8bb2\u8ff0\u6280\u672f\u95ee\u4e16\u5f88\u4e45\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u63a5\u53d7\u548c\u5229\u7528\u5b83\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u2014\u2014\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4f1a\u201c\u6270\u4e71\u90a3\u4e9b\u6574\u996c\u7684\u6280\u672f\u8fdb\u6b65\u65f6\u95f4\u7ebf\u201d\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5448\u73b0\u4e00\u79cd\u5173\u4e8e20\u4e16\u7eaa\u6280\u672f\u7684\u201c\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u666f\u8c61\u201d\u3002<sup>[15]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6709\u522b\u4e8e\u6b64\u524d\u79cd\u79cd\u5173\u4e8e20\u4e16\u7eaa\u6280\u672f\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u2014\u5386\u53f2\u9648\u8ff0(\u65e0\u8bba\u5728\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u8fd8\u662f\u5173\u6ce8\u70b9\u4e0a\u7686\u662f\u5982\u6b64)\uff0c\u672c\u6b21\u8003\u5bdf\u5bf9\u6570\u767e\u90e8\u7f8e\u56fd\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5c55\u5f00\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5728\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5f15\u5165\u57c3\u6770\u987f\u7684\u201c\u6280\u672f\u8fd0\u7528\u53f2\u201d\u6982\u5ff5<sup>[16]<\/sup>\u3002\u6211\u5728\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e2d\u5229\u7528\u65af\u5766\u798f\u6587\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4(Stanford Literary Lab)\u548c\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u6587\u672c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4(Chicago Text Lab)\u768420\u4e16\u7eaa\u7f8e\u56fd\u5c0f\u8bf4\u6587\u672c\u5e93\uff0c\u8ffd\u8e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u4fe1\u606f\u6280\u672f\u5728\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u4e4b\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u8fd0\u7528\u5386\u53f2\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u7167\u3002<sup>[17]<\/sup>\u6211\u901a\u8fc7\u6bd4\u8f83\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u8fdb\u5165\u7f8e\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u6216\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0e\u5b83\u8fdb\u5165\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u660e\u663e\u7684\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6216\u8bb8\u4f1a\u4ee5\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u5ef6\u8fdf\u7684\u957f\u77ed\u603b\u662f\u4fdd\u6301\u7a33\u5b9a(\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u5728\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u603b\u662f\u6bd4\u5b83\u8fdb\u5165\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u665a\u4e94\u5e74\uff0c\u5e76\u56e0\u6b64\u6210\u4e3a\u5199\u4f5c\u884c\u4e1a\u548c\u51fa\u7248\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\u6027\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u6807\u5fd7)\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd9\u79cd\u5ef6\u8fdf\u7684\u957f\u77ed\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\u91cc\u662f\u53d8\u5316\u4e0d\u5b9a\u7684:\u968f\u7740\u65e0\u6cd5\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u65b0\u5947\u53d8\u6210\u4e0d\u503c\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u5bfb\u5e38\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5728\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u53d8\u5f97\u65e0\u5904\u4e0d\u5728\uff0c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e0e\u65b0\u6280\u672f\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u4e5f\u4e0d\u65ad\u8fdb\u5316\uff0c\u800c\u5ef6\u8fdf\u7684\u957f\u77ed\u53d8\u5316\u6b63\u4e0e\u8fd9\u79cd\u8fdb\u5316\u8054\u7cfb\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6d89\u53ca\u6bcf\u4e00\u79cd\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8bed\u5883\u548c\u53d9\u4e8b\u6548\u7528\u90fd\u662f\u72ec\u7279\u7684\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u5ef6\u8fdf\u72b6\u51b5\u5374\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u60ca\u4eba\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u865a\u6784\u8868\u73b0\u4e4b\u89c4\u8303\u8f68\u8ff9\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u6700\u540e\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c\u6280\u672f\u5728\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u5927\u5927\u504f\u79bb\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u8f68\u8ff9\uff0c\u65e2\u4e3a\u5e93\u5207\u548c\u5965\u65af\u7279\u7684\u4e0d\u60c5\u4e0d\u613f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4f50\u8bc1\uff0c\u4e5f\u8868\u660e\u4e00\u79cd\u5bf9\u6280\u672f\u7684\u62b5\u6297\u5e7f\u6cdb\u6d41\u4f20\u4e8e\u6587\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u91cc\u90a3\u4e9b\u8f83\u4e3a\u795e\u5723\u7684\u89d2\u843d\u4e2d\u300220\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u5728\u662f\u5426\u7eb3\u5165\u65b0\u6280\u672f\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u504f\u5411\u901a\u4fd7\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u548c\u58f0\u8a89\u5353\u8457\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4<sup>[18]<\/sup>\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u5e76\u65e0\u4e8c\u81f4\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5230\u4e8620\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u6587\u5b66\u58f0\u8a89\u6982\u5ff5\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5bf9\u5f53\u4e0b\u6280\u672f\u7684\u62b5\u5236\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u6025\u5267\u5206\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u6269\u5927\u5206\u6790\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u5c06\u5c0f\u8bf4\u6570\u91cf\u4ece\u6570\u5341\u90e8\u589e\u52a0\u5230\u6570\u767e\u90e8\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u628a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u89c6\u91ce\u63a8\u81f3\u6280\u672f\u8bde\u751f\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e4b\u5916\u4ee5\u7eb3\u5165\u6f2b\u957f\u5f97\u591a\u7684\u6280\u672f\u8fd0\u7528\u65f6\u95f4\u7ebf\uff0c\u672c\u6b21\u8003\u5bdf\u4e0d\u4ec5\u63ed\u793a\u51fa20\u4e16\u7eaa\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5728\u9762\u5bf9\u6280\u672f\u65f6\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4e5f\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u5ef6\u8fdf\u201d\u2014\u2014\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u5728\u66f4\u4e3a\u5c40\u90e8\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0a\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4f53\u6587\u672c\u4e43\u81f3\u5404\u4e2a\u5f7c\u6b64\u79bb\u6563\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u2014\u5386\u53f2\u65f6\u671f\u5c55\u5f00\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u96be\u4ee5\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd9\u79cd\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3002\u867d\u7136\u6b64\u524d\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u65e2\u5ba1\u89c6\u65b0\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e5f\u5ba1\u89c6\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u590d\u6742\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e14\u63a2\u5bfb\u6280\u672f\u7f3a\u5e2d\u3002\u6bd5\u7adf\uff0c\u5426\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\u5411\u6765\u96be\u4ee5\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u5f53\u8bba\u8bc1\u6709\u8d56\u4e8e\u5bf9\u6587\u672c\u6240\u7701\u7565\u4e4b\u7269\u7684\u7ec6\u8bfb\u65f6\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u66f4\u5173\u6ce8\u6536\u97f3\u673a\u5728\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u4e0a\u5347\u671f\u800c\u975e\u8870\u843d\u671f\uff0c\u66f4\u5173\u6ce8\u7535\u89c6\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u800c\u975e\u7535\u89c6\u5728\u540e\u7ee7\u65f6\u4ee3\u4e2d\u6f2b\u957f\u5f97\u4e0d\u76f8\u79f0\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u4e0d\u8db3\u4e3a\u602a\u4e86\u3002<sup>[19]<\/sup>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u91cf\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\u65b0\u8fd1\u62d3\u5bbd\u4e86\u6587\u5b66\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u8ba9\u8fd9\u79cd\u7f3a\u5e2d\u53d8\u5f97\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u4e5f\u8ba9\u5bf9\u5b83\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u53d8\u5f97\u53ef\u884c\u3002\u672c\u6b21\u8003\u5bdf\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5c06\u76ee\u5149\u96c6\u4e2d\u4e8e\u4e2a\u522b\u66f4\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u65e8\u5728\u8bb0\u5f55\u6587\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u4e0e\u5f53\u4ee3\u6280\u672f\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u66f4\u4e3a\u5173\u952e\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u8131\u94a9\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5bf9\u5355\u4e00\u6280\u672f\u7684\u8fd1\u8ddd\u79bb\u68c0\u89c6\u66f4\u80fd\u63ed\u793a\u5b83\u6240\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u65f6\u523b\u7684\u590d\u6742\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4e5f\u66f4\u80fd\u63ed\u793a\u5b83\u5bf9\u6587\u5b66\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u5f71\u54cd(\u524d\u6587\u6240\u5f15\u7684\u51e0\u79cd\u8457\u4f5c\u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u505a\u6cd5\u7684\u5178\u8303)\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u6240\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\u5374\u80fd\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u9488\u5bf9\u6587\u5b66\u53f2\u63d0\u51fa\u66f4\u4e3a\u5e7f\u5927\u7684\u3001\u8de8\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6311\u6218\u6211\u4eec\u5173\u4e8e\u6280\u672f\u5728\u6587\u5b66\u53f2\u4e2d\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u9884\u8bbe\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8bdd\u867d\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5927\u5c3a\u5ea6\u65b9\u6cd5\u5374\u4e0d\u80fd\u7f13\u548c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4e3a\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6311\u9009\u8d44\u6599\u5e93\u65f6\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002\u6070\u6070\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u4f1a\u8ba9\u8fd9\u79cd\u6311\u6218\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u4e25\u5cfb\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u514b\u91cc\u5c1a\u00b7\u5e93\u9a6c\u5c14\u548c\u8d6b\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u5854\u514b\u5728\u5bf9\u67d0\u671f\u300a\u65b0\u6587\u5b66\u53f2\u300b\u7279\u520a\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e2d\u6240\u8a00:\u201c\u2018\u5c0f\u5373\u662f\u7f8e\u2019(Small is Beautiful)\u57281970\u5e74\u4ee3\u66fe\u662f\u4e00\u53e5\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u53e3\u53f7\uff0c\u2018\u8d8a\u5927\u8d8a\u597d\u2019\u5219\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u683c\u8a00\u3002\u201d<sup>[20]<\/sup>\u8fd9\u756a\u8bba\u65ad\u5728\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u2014\u5386\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u4f3c\u4e4e\u66f4\u52a0\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ec5\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e94\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6837\u672c\u6570\u91cf(\u5305\u62ec\u8bcd\u8bed\u3001\u4efb\u52a1\u3001\u6587\u672c\u548c\u4f5c\u8005)\u5c31\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u6570\u91cf\u7ea7\u7684\u589e\u957f\u3002\u4e00\u79cd\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u7684\u798f\u97f3\u4e3b\u4e49\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u6587\u5b66\u6b63\u5178\u7684\u201c\u4e16\u4fd7\u795e\u5b66\u201d\uff0c\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u201c\u5e7f\u5927\u7684\u672a\u8bfb\u201d<sup>[21]<\/sup>\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5f25\u8d5b\u4e9a\u5f0f\u627f\u8bfa\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u65e5\u6e10\u6210\u719f\uff0c\u4ece\u4e00\u79cd\u7cbe\u795e\u4fe1\u6761\u53d8\u6210\u4e00\u79cd\u5b9e\u8df5\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u5b9e\u53d8\u5f97\u6bd4\u4ece\u524d\u4efb\u4f55\u65f6\u5019\u66f4\u52a0\u660e\u663e:\u8d8a\u5927\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d8a\u597d\u3002\u201c\u5e7f\u5927\u7684\u672a\u8bfb\u201d\u65e0\u7591\u8db3\u591f\u5927\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5b83\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5374\u662f\u672a\u5206\u5316\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u6700\u5927\u5316\u6587\u5b66\u2014\u5386\u53f2\u4e3b\u5f20\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u5374\u4f1a\u9650\u5236\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u9488\u5bf9\u6027\u3002\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u8f83\uff0c\u672c\u6b21\u8003\u5bdf\u6240\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5e93\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e2d\u7b49\uff0c\u4e0d\u5927\u4e0d\u5c0f(\u5728300\u81f3500\u90e820\u4e16\u7eaa\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e4b\u95f4)\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u8303\u56f4\u66f4\u6709\u9650\u5374\u66f4\u7cbe\u51c6\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u53f2\u53d6\u6837\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4ece\u67d0\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u5c06\u6587\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u901a\u4fd7\u548c\u4e25\u8083\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6070\u6070\u652f\u6301\u4e86\u91cf\u5316\u624b\u6bb5\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u6253\u7b97\u6311\u6218\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u9884\u8bbe\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u68c0\u89c6\u6574\u4f53\u4e2d\u66f4\u4e3a\u7cbe\u82f1\u5316\u7684\u90a3\u90e8\u5206\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u4e4b\u4e0e\u90a3\u4e9b\u540c\u6837\u7279\u6b8a(\u6216\u8bb8\u53ea\u662f\u4e0d\u90a3\u4e48\u795e\u5723)\u7684\u5bf9\u7167\u6848\u4f8b\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u505a\u6cd5\u4e5f\u80fd\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8fd9\u79cd\u5212\u5206\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u624b\u5de5\u4f5c\u574a\u5f0f\u7684\u5c0f\u6837\u672c\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u6216\u8bb8\u65e0\u6cd5\u7f13\u89e3\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u5728\u8303\u56f4\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u906d\u9047\u7684\u56f0\u5883\uff0c\u5374\u80fd\u5728\u8f76\u4e8b\u5f0f\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u6574\u4f53\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u4e4b\u5916\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u9009\u9879:\u4e00\u6761\u4ecb\u4e8e\u624b\u5de5\u62e3\u9009\u7684\u6837\u4f8b\u548c\u672a\u7ecf\u5ba1\u89c6\u7684\u8d44\u6599\u5e93\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e2d\u9053\u3002<sup>[22]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong><span style=\"color:#0071a1\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u4e8c\u3001\u5ef6\u8fdf\u7684\u5f62\u6001<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u4e00\u6b21\u6587\u5b66\u2014\u5386\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u8003\u5bdf\u6570\u767e\u90e8\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u597d\u5904\u663e\u800c\u6613\u89c1\uff0c\u5374\u4e5f\u4f1a\u62db\u6765\u540c\u6837\u660e\u663e\u7684\u4e89\u8bae\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e89\u8bae\u70b9\u5c31\u5728\u4e8e\u6587\u672c\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u65af\u5766\u798f\u6587\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba420\u4e16\u7eaa\u5c0f\u8bf4\u6587\u672c\u5e93\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u8005\u9a6c\u514b\u00b7\u963f\u5c14\u5409-\u4f11\u4f0a\u7279(Mark Algee-Hewitt)\u548c\u9a6c\u514b\u00b7\u9ea6\u683c\u5c14\u5c31\u66fe\u673a\u654f\u5730\u6307\u51fa:\u201c\u4ec5\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb40\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u4ee5\u82f1\u8bed\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u3001\u5177\u6709\u72ec\u7279\u6027\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u6587\u672c\u5c31\u4ece7,948\u90e8\u589e\u957f\u5230278,985\u90e8\u3002\u201d\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a20\u4e16\u7eaa\u5c0f\u8bf4\u6587\u672c\u5e93\u90fd\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u201c\u4ece\u5927\u91cf\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u6311\u9009\uff0c\u8f83\u4e4b\u9488\u5bf918\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e43\u81f319\u4e16\u7eaa\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5e93\uff0c\u5907\u9009\u6587\u672c\u603b\u6570\u4f1a\u6709\u6307\u6570\u7ea7\u7684\u589e\u957f\u3002\u8fd9\u5c06\u4f7f\u5f97\u4efb\u4f55\u65e8\u5728\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e25\u683c\u7edf\u8ba1\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u53d8\u5f97&#8230;&#8230;\u4e0d\u5207\u5b9e\u9645\u201d\u3002<sup>[23]<\/sup>\u6709\u9274\u4e8e\u6b64\uff0c\u963f\u5c14\u5409-\u4f11\u4f0a\u7279\u548c\u9ea6\u683c\u5c14\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\u201d\u7684\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f9d\u9760\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6570\u636e\u548c\u4e13\u95e8\u77e5\u8bc6\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5305\u542b350\u591a\u90e8\u5c0f\u8bf4\u3001\u5374\u53c8\u80fd\u6db5\u76d6\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u6027\u548c\u6d41\u884c\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u540c\u6837\u591a\u6837\u5316\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5e93\u3002<sup>[24]<\/sup>\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\u5e93\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u66f4\u8fd1\u4e8e\u51e0\u4e2a\u5b66\u8005\u800c\u975e\u4e00\u5806\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u529b\u6240\u80fd\u53ca\u7684\u9605\u8bfb\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u53c8\u80fd\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u81f3\u5c11\u5c31\u4fe1\u606f\u6280\u672f\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa\u7f8e\u56fd\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u63d0\u51fa\u521d\u6b65\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u53ef\u4e89\u8bae\u4e4b\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\u5982\u4f55\u7cbe\u51c6\u754c\u5b9a\u201c\u5b58\u5728\u201d\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u5c01\u7535\u62a5\u5728\u4e00\u90e8\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u5f0f\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6765:\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u5267\u60c5\u4e2d(\u5982\u201c\u5979\u5728\u7535\u62a5\u673a\u524d\u5750\u4e0b\u201d)\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u6bd4\u55bb\u6027\u7684(\u5982\u201c\u4ed6\u5c31\u50cf\u7535\u62a5\u4e00\u6837\u60dc\u5b57\u5982\u91d1\u201d)\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u73b0\u5728\u98ce\u683c\u4e0a(\u5982\u67d0\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u201c\u7535\u62a5\u5f0f\u98ce\u683c\u201d)\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u901a\u8fc7\u7ec6\u8bfb\u6765\u786e\u8ba4\u6216\u8005\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u524d\u4e24\u79cd\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\u8f7b\u6613\u91c7\u96c6\u3002\u9488\u5bf9\u672c\u6587\u8003\u5bdf\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u79cd\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u6211\u90fd\u51c6\u5907\u4e86\u4e00\u6279\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47\u2014\u2014\u65e2\u8003\u8651\u5230\u5168\u9762\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ce8\u610f\u907f\u514d\u5047\u9633\u6027(false positives)\u2014\u2014\u5728\u6587\u672c\u5e93\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u641c\u7d22\u3002<sup>[25]<\/sup>\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u5c06\u641c\u7d22\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0e\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u8bbe\u5907\u5386\u53f2\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u52a0\u4ee5\u6bd4\u5bf9\u3002<sup>[26]<\/sup>\u8fd9\u79cd\u6bd4\u8f83\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u7acb\u5373\u663e\u793a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u672f\u5982\u4f55\u5f97\u5230\u4f7f\u7528(\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u5267\u60c5\u4e2d\u8fd8\u662f\u6bd4\u55bb\u6027\u7684)\uff0c\u5374\u80fd\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e00\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u5728\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4ee5\u53ca(\u66f4\u5173\u952e\u7684)\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<sup>[27]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c20\u4e16\u7eaa\u5c0f\u8bf4\u91cc\u7684\u6536\u97f3\u673a\u90fd\u582a\u79f0\u65b0\u6280\u672f\u5728\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u7684\u663e\u8457\u5b58\u5728\u8f68\u8ff9\u7684\u7f29\u5f71:\u5148\u662f\u52c3\u7136\u800c\u5174\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6e10\u6e10\u8870\u9000\uff0c\u63a5\u7740\u91cd\u632f\u65d7\u9f13\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u8d70\u52bf\u8d8b\u5e73(\u53c2\u89c1\u56fe1)\u3002\u5982\u56fe1\u6570\u636e\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u4ece1920\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u52301930\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u6536\u97f3\u673a\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u5ead\u6240\u5360\u7684\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\u548c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u6536\u97f3\u673a\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u6240\u5360\u7684\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\u51e0\u4e4e\u4ee5\u76f8\u540c\u659c\u7387\u540c\u6b65\u4e0a\u5347\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5230\u4e861930\u5e74\u4ee3\u540e\u534a\u671f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8d8b\u52bf\u5c31\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u620f\u5267\u6027\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u6536\u97f3\u673a\u6280\u672f\u4ecd\u5728\u7ee7\u7eed\u6e17\u900f\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u65af\u5766\u798f\u6587\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5e93\u4e2d\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u6536\u97f3\u673a\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u6240\u5360\u7684\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\u5374\u5927\u5927\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u76f4\u523010\u81f315\u5e74\u540e\u624d\u5f00\u59cb\u56de\u5347\u3002<sup>[28]<\/sup>\u57281930\u5e74\u4ee3\u540e\u534a\u671f\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u6536\u97f3\u673a\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u5ead\u8d85\u8fc780%\u3002\u76f4\u52301950\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e0a\u534a\u671f\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u6536\u97f3\u673a\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u6240\u5360\u6bd4\u4f8b\u624d\u8fbe\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u6c34\u5e73\u3002\u8fd9\u662f10\u5e74\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4e8c\u6218\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u521d\u5e74\u523020\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u8fd9\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u6536\u97f3\u673a\u51e0\u4e4e\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5e93\u4e2d\u5374\u4ece\u672a\u8fbe\u5230\u5b8c\u5168\u6e17\u900f\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u70b9\u6b62\u4e8e1980\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e0a\u534a\u671f\u768484%\u3002\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u539f\u56e0\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u5dee\u8ddd\u53ca\u5176\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u66f2\u7ebf?<sup>[29]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Tu_1-1024x520.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-13130\" width=\"769\" height=\"391\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Tu_1-1024x520.png 1024w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Tu_1-300x152.png 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Tu_1-768x390.png 768w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Tu_1-1536x780.png 1536w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Tu_1-2048x1041.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 769px) 100vw, 769px\" \/><figcaption>  \u7f8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e2d\u62e5\u6709\u6536\u97f3\u673a\u8005\u6240\u5360\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4e0e\u65af\u5766\u798f\u6587\u672c\u5e93\u4e2d\u6709\u6536\u97f3\u673a\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u6240\u5360\u6bd4\u4f8b <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5ef6\u8fdf\u7684\u5f62\u6001\u8ddf\u8e2a\u7684\u662f\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5bf9\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u6001\u5ea6:\u4ece\u65b0\u5947\u800c\u5bcc\u6709\u9b45\u529b\uff0c\u5230\u5bfb\u5e38\u5f97\u4e0d\u503c\u4e00\u63d0\uff0c\u518d\u5230\u65e0\u5904\u4e0d\u5728\u3001\u907f\u65e0\u53ef\u907f\u3002<sup>[30]<\/sup>\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\u6536\u97f3\u673a\u57281920\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u6b21\u8fdb\u5165\u793e\u4f1a\u65f6\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u65b0\u5947\u5174\u8da3\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fd9\u79cd\u5174\u8da3\u57281930\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u660e\u663e\u4e0b\u6ed1\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\u4ece1950\u5e74\u4ee3\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u6e10\u8d8b\u5e73\u7a33\u3002\u6208\u5e03\u5c14\u66fe\u6307\u51fa:\u201c\u5f53\u6280\u672f\u66f4\u52a0\u6df1\u5165\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u5f00\u59cb\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6280\u672f\u65e0\u53ef\u56de\u907f\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u53cd\u800c\u4eff\u4f5b\u6d88\u5931\u4e0d\u89c1\u3002\u201d<sup>[31]<\/sup>\u6839\u636e\u6b64\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5f53\u6536\u97f3\u673a\u5728\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e2d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u8d8a\u53d1\u6210\u4e3a\u201c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5e94\u8be5\u671f\u5f85\u5b83\u4ece\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u9010\u6e10\u201c\u6d88\u5931\u4e0d\u89c1\u201d\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e0a\u6587\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5374\u663e\u793a\u6536\u97f3\u673a\u6280\u672f\u5728\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u7684\u9000\u6f6e\u53ea\u662f\u6682\u65f6\u7684\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u8fd8\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u6587\u672c\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u7edd\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5c0f\u8bf4\u201c\u91cd\u65b0\u786e\u7acb\u201d\u5176\u201c\u65e0\u53ef\u56de\u907f\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u201d\u3002\u5f53\u8fd9\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u8fbe\u5230\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u666e\u53ca\uff0c\u4e00\u90e8\u5c0f\u8bf4\u63cf\u8ff0\u5f53\u4ee3\u751f\u6d3b\u5374\u4e0d\u63d0\u5230\u6536\u97f3\u673a\u5c31\u4f1a\u663e\u5f97\u50cf\u4e0d\u63d0\u5230\u5929\u6c14\u4e00\u6837\u602a\u5f02\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u4f55\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u5c0f\u8bf4\u6216\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u65b0\u6280\u672f\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6536\u97f3\u673a\u603b\u662f\u5728\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u62e5\u6709\u5b83\u65f6\u4ee4\u4eba\u5fc3\u9a70\u795e\u5f80\uff0c\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u5df2\u7ecf\u62e5\u6709\u5b83\u65f6\u4ee4\u4eba\u538c\u5026\uff0c\u5374\u5728\u51e0\u4e4e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u62e5\u6709\u5b83\u65f6\u53e4\u602a\u5730\u9690\u533f\u8eab\u5f62\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7535\u89c6\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u66f2\u7ebf\u4e5f\u5448\u73b0\u76f8\u4f3c\u8f68\u8ff9\uff0c\u4f46\u5173\u952e\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5728\u4e8e:\u7535\u89c6\u8fdb\u5165\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5176\u5b9e\u8fd8\u65e9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u8fc5\u901f\u5360\u9886\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3(\u89c1\u56fe2)\u3002\u5728\u65af\u5766\u798f\u6587\u672c\u5e93\u4e2d\uff0c\u7535\u89c6\u6280\u672f\u6700\u65e9\u4eae\u76f8\u4e8e\u963f\u5c14\u675c\u65af\u00b7\u8d6b\u80e5\u9ece\u7684\u300a\u7f8e\u4e3d\u65b0\u4e16\u754c\u300b\u3002\u8fd9\u90e8\u5c0f\u8bf4\u6784\u60f3\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u672a\u6765\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u7535\u89c6\u8bbe\u5907\u548c\u7535\u89c6\u89c2\u4f17\u6709\u8be6\u5c3d\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u91cc\uff0c\u201c\u6536\u97f3\u673a\u548c\u7535\u89c6\u673a\u6c38\u4e0d\u5173\u673a\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u663e\u5f97\u4ed6\u4eec\u597d\u50cf\u603b\u662f\u201c\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u5ea6\u5047&#8230;&#8230;\u5728\u90a3\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u91cc\uff0c\u7535\u89c6\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u64ad\u653e\u7740\u821e\u52a8\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u4e00\u90e8\u6b4c\u58f0\u4e0d\u65ad\u3001\u7f8e\u597d\u5f97\u4e0d\u53ef\u8a00\u55bb\u7684\u53ef\u89e6\u7535\u5f71\u4e2d\u7684\u821e\u8005\u201d\u3002<sup>[32]<\/sup>\u9664\u5f00\u8d6b\u80e5\u9ece\u81ea\u5df1\u60f3\u8c61\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u5947\u7279\u7684\u201c\u53ef\u89e6\u7535\u5f71\u201d(feely)\uff0c\u7535\u89c6\u8fd8\u51fa\u73b0\u57281930\u5e74\u4ee3\u5404\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u3002\u5728F\u00b7\u65af\u79d1\u7279\u00b7\u83f2\u8328\u6770\u62c9\u5fb7(F. Scott Fitzgerald)\u3001\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u65af\u5766\u8d1d\u514b(John Steinbeck)\u3001\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u00b7\u4e54\u4f0a\u65af(James Joyce)\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u591a\u4f4d\u4f5c\u5bb6\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u7535\u89c6\u7684\u8eab\u5f71\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5b83\u79bb\u5f00\u5e7b\u60f3\u5c0f\u8bf4\u548c\u79d1\u5e7b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u5316\u4e16\u754c\u3001\u8e0f\u5165\u6587\u5b66\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6700\u521d\u9636\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Tu_2-1024x582.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-13131\" width=\"668\" height=\"380\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Tu_2-1024x582.png 1024w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Tu_2-300x170.png 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Tu_2-768x436.png 768w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Tu_2-1536x872.png 1536w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Tu_2-2048x1163.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 668px) 100vw, 668px\" \/><figcaption> \u56fe2 \u7f8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e2d\u62e5\u6709\u7535\u89c6\u673a\u8005\u6240\u5360\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4e0e\u65af\u5766\u798f\u6587\u672c\u5e93\u4e2d\u6709\u7535\u89c6\u673a\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u6240\u5360\u6bd4\u4f8b <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u5e45\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u5ef6\u8fdf\u7684\u5f62\u6001\u540c\u6837\u7b26\u5408\u4e0a\u5347\u2014\u4e0b\u964d\u2014\u56de\u5347\u2014\u5e73\u7a33\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u548c\u6536\u97f3\u673a\u5728\u6587\u672c\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u66f2\u7ebf\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u7535\u89c6\u673a\u5728\u6587\u672c\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6700\u5f00\u59cb\u4e5f\u548c\u5b83\u5728\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e2d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u6837\u540c\u6b65\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u589e\u957f\u5e45\u5ea6\u8981\u6162\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u4ece\u4e8c\u6218\u540e\u521d\u5e74\u52301960\u5e74\u4ee3\u65e9\u671f\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u7535\u89c6\u673a\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\u8fc5\u901f\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u572890%\u5230100%\u4e4b\u95f4\u8d8b\u4e8e\u5e73\u7a33\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u76f4\u52301970\u5e74\u4ee3\u65e9\u671f\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u7535\u89c6\u673a\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u624d\u8fbe\u523080%\uff0c\u6b64\u540e\u53c8\u7528\u4e8620\u5e74\u624d\u7f13\u7f13\u6500\u4e0a90%\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u548c\u6536\u97f3\u673a\u6bd4\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u7535\u89c6\u5728\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u666e\u53ca\u7a0b\u5ea6\u548c\u5728\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u9891\u7387\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5ef6\u8fdf\u8981\u957f\u5f97\u591a\u30021970\u5e74\u4ee3\u65e9\u671f\uff0c\u7535\u89c6\u5728\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u8fbe\u5230\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5cf0\u503c\uff0c\u6bd4\u5b83\u5728\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u9ad8\u5cf0\u5df2\u7ecf\u665a\u4e86\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a20\u5e74\u3002\u8fd9\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u6536\u97f3\u673a\u7684\u5ef6\u8fdf\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u4e24\u500d\u8fd8\u8981\u591a\u2014\u2014\u6536\u97f3\u673a\u5728\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u9891\u7387\u66f2\u7ebf\u4e0e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u7167\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u66f2\u7ebf\u6700\u5f00\u59cb\u540c\u6b65\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u5e76\u6bd4\u540e\u8005\u665a10\u5e74\u8fbe\u5230\u5e73\u53f0\u671f\u3002\u4e24\u8005\u76f8\u8f83\uff0c\u7535\u89c6\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5ef6\u8fdf\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e0b\u534a\u53f6\u4e2d\u53d8\u5f97\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u957f\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u76f4\u52301990\u5e74\u4ee3\u65e9\u671f\u624d\u5728\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u91cd\u767b\u9ad8\u5cf0\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e16\u754c\u5df2\u7ecf\u6bd4\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u843d\u540e\u4e8630\u591a\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u5173\u4e8e\u7535\u89c6\u8fdb\u5165\u7f8e\u56fd\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u8dcc\u5b95\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e0e\u585e\u897f\u8389\u4e9a\u00b7\u8482\u5e0c\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u6070\u6210\u5bf9\u7167\u3002\u5979\u5728\u300a\u7535\u5b50\u58c1\u7089:\u7f8e\u56fd\u7535\u89c6\u6587\u5316\u7684\u521b\u751f\u300b\u4e2d\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u7535\u89c6\u9010\u6e10\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u6587\u5316\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<sup>[33]<\/sup>\u6839\u636e\u8482\u5e0c\u7684\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c1943\u5e74\u624d\u662f\u7535\u89c6\u6587\u5316\u5143\u5e74\u3002\u5979\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\u66f4\u8fd1\u4e8e\u7535\u89c6\u6280\u672f\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u53f2\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u7535\u89c6\u5728\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u521d\u4eae\u76f8\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u636e\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8482\u5e0c\u8fd8\u8ba4\u4e3a:\u57281950\u5e74\u4ee3\u52301990\u5e74\u4ee3\u768450\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u201c\u7535\u89c6\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u5316&#8230;&#8230;\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u660e\u663e\u7684\u6e10\u8fdb\u6027\u548c\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\u6807\u8bb0\u53d8\u5f97\u6a21\u7cca\u4e0d\u6e05\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u96be\u4ee5\u4f30\u7b97\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7535\u89c6\u65e0\u5904\u4e0d\u5728\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4ece\u4f55\u65f6\u4f55\u5730\u5f00\u59cb\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u5176\u51fa\u73b0\u53c8\u9700\u8981\u4f55\u79cd\u6761\u4ef6\u201d\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u56fe2\u8ba9\u8482\u5e0c\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u6a21\u7cca\u201c\u6807\u8bb0\u201d\u53d8\u5f97\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u5448\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdc\u6ca1\u6709\u90a3\u4e48\u201c\u6e10\u8fdb\u201d\u201c\u8fde\u7eed\u201d\u7684\u201c\u81ea\u7136\u5316\u201d\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u300a\u7535\u5b50\u58c1\u7089\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u58f0\u79f0\u201c\u4e66\u7c4d\u4e0e\u7535\u89c6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e89\u8bae\u6027\u58c1\u5792\u201d\u57281980\u5e74\u4ee3\u7ec8\u4e8e\u88ab\u6253\u7834\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5bf9\u90a3\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u8003\u5bdf\u5374\u8868\u660e:\u90a3\u65f6\u7684\u7535\u89c6\u5728\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u8d85\u8fc71960\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u3002<sup>[34]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u7981\u4f1a\u731c\u6d4b:\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u7684\u7535\u89c6\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u66f4\u957f\u5ef6\u8fdf\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u8fd9\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u672c\u8eab\u53ca\u5176\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u53d9\u4e8b\u529f\u80fd\u6709\u5173\u3002\u901a\u8baf\u6280\u672f(\u5982\u7535\u8bdd)\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u5728\u4e8e\u8f85\u52a9\u5bf9\u8bdd\uff0c\u5c06\u4e0d\u540c\u89d2\u8272\u8fde\u63a5\u8d77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DeLillo)\u7684\u300a\u767d\u566a\u97f3\u300b(<em>White Noise<\/em>, 1985)\u548c\u300a\u5929\u79e4\u300b(<em>Libra<\/em>, 1988)\uff0c\u4ee5\u8bc1\u660e\u5173\u4e8e\u7535\u89c6\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u57281980\u5e74\u4ee3\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4e0a\u5347\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6536\u97f3\u673a\u5728\u8fd9\u4e24\u90e8\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d(\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u5fb7\u5229\u6d1b\u5229\u7528\u6536\u97f3\u673a\u8bb2\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u6027\u624b\u6cd5\u4e2d)\u81f3\u5c11\u548c\u7535\u89c6\u4e00\u6837\u968f\u5904\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e24\u8005\u8fd8\u7ecf\u5e38\u540c\u65f6\u88ab\u63d0\u53ca\u3002<sup>[35]<\/sup>\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u5728\u5fb7\u5229\u6d1b\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\u7684\u53ef\u4e92\u6362\u6027\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u7684\u529f\u7528\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f8\u4e92\u66ff\u4ee3\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u6216\u8bb8\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e8c\u8005\u51fa\u73b0\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5dee\u5f02\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u66f4\u5728\u4e8e\u6587\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u5bf9\u5f85\u4fe1\u606f\u6280\u672f\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5728\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u672c\u8eab\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong><span style=\"color:#0071a1\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u4e09\u3001\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5206\u5316<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u81f3\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u7528\u65af\u5766\u798f\u6587\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u7684\u201c\u6a21\u5757\u201d\u6587\u672c\u5e93\u66ff\u4ee3\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u6587\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u5df2\u7ecf\u8003\u5bdf\u4e8620\u4e16\u7eaa\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5bf9\u4fe1\u606f\u6280\u672f\u7684\u6d89\u8db3\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6362\u55bb\u5f0f\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\uff0c\u5c06\u66f4\u5e7f\u5927\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u6216\u65f6\u671f\u7f6e\u6362\u4e3a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6587\u672c\u96c6\uff0c\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u90fd\u662f\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u2014\u2014\u65e0\u8bba\u8003\u5bdf\u8005\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u6837\u672c\u662f5\u90e8\u8fd8\u662f500\u90e8\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u628a\u76ee\u5149\u8f6c\u541120\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u6587\u5b66\u6027\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e0e\u6280\u672f\u8131\u79bb\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u5bf9\u7ec4\u6210\u6587\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u90e8\u5206\u800c\u975e\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5176\u6574\u4f53\u8fdb\u884c\u8003\u5bdf\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5c31\u53d8\u5f97\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u6839\u636e\u76ae\u57c3\u5c14\u00b7\u5e03\u5c14\u8fea\u5384(Pierre Bourdieu)\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5bf9\u6587\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u8fdb\u884c\u6574\u7406\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u8003\u5bdf\u201c(\u5176)\u4e24\u6781\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u201d\u6784\u6210\u6027\u201c\u5bf9\u7f6e\u201d<sup>[36]<\/sup>:\u4e00\u7aef\u662f\u201c\u5927\u5c3a\u5ea6\u751f\u4ea7\u201d\uff0c\u5173\u4e4e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8d44\u672c\uff0c\u5e76\u201c\u4ece\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5e7f\u5927\u53d7\u4f17\u7684\u671f\u5f85\u201d;\u53e6\u4e00\u7aef\u662f\u201c\u53d7\u9650\u7684\u201d\u6216\u66f0\u201c\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u201d\u751f\u4ea7\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7740\u529b\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\u8c61\u5f81\u8d44\u672c\u6216\u6587\u5316\u8d44\u672c\uff0c\u5408\u4e4e\u5c11\u6570\u7cbe\u82f1\u7684\u53e3\u5473\u3002<sup>[37]<\/sup>\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4ecd\u7740\u773c\u4e8e\u540e\u9762\u4e00\u7aef\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u548c\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u4f46\u6570\u5b57\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u5177\u6bd4\u8f83\u6027\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u5b66\u8005\u80fd\u5728\u7ec4\u6210\u6574\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u6837\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e320\u4e16\u7eaa\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e0e\u4fe1\u606f\u6280\u672f\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u8fd9\u79cd\u7406\u89e3\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u3001\u9762\u5411\u5e7f\u5927\u7f8e\u56fd\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u5bf9\u201c\u5927\u9762\u79ef\u7684\u201d\u548c\u201c\u6709\u9650\u7684\u201d(\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u901a\u4fd7\u7684\u548c\u4e25\u8083\u7684)\u6587\u5b66\u751f\u4ea7\u52a0\u4ee5\u63cf\u8ff0\u548c\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f53\u7136\u4f1a\u5ffd\u7565\u5206\u5e03\u4e8e\u5e03\u5c14\u8fea\u5384\u7684\u4e24\u6781\u4e4b\u95f4\u5730\u5e26\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\uff0c\u6570\u91cf\u4ee5\u5341\u4e07\u4e43\u81f3\u767e\u4e07\u8ba1\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u9a6c\u4fee\u00b7\u5a01\u5c14\u80af\u65af(Matthew Wilkens)\u6240\u8c13\u768420\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u201c\u8fc7\u91cf\u95ee\u9898\u201d\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5b83\u4e5f\u80fd\u63ed\u9732\u51fa\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u6587\u5b66\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u9ed8\u800c\u4e0d\u5ba3\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u5373\u4ee5\u67d0\u79cd\u9690\u853d\u800c\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u6765\u6311\u9009\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<sup>[38]<\/sup>\u672c\u6587\u7684\u5206\u6790\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5b8c\u5168\u56de\u907f\u901a\u4fd7\u4e25\u8083\u4e4b\u522b\u8fd9\u79cd\u6697\u6697\u8d2f\u7a7f\u6240\u6709\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4f1a\u5c1d\u8bd5\u8fa8\u8bc6\u5b83\u4eec\u5e76\u52a0\u4ee5\u8003\u5bdf\uff0c\u4ee5\u5bf9\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u6587\u5b66\u2014\u5386\u53f2\u95ee\u9898\u6709\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u628a\u63e1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u628a\u76ee\u5149\u8f6c\u5411\u82cf\u771f(Richard Jean So)\u3001\u970d\u4f0a\u7279\u00b7\u6717(Hoyt Long)\u548c\u7279\u8fea\u00b7\u7f57\u5170(Teddy Roland)\u6240\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5305\u542b\u8d85\u8fc79,000\u90e820\u4e16\u7eaa\u7f8e\u56fd\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u6587\u672c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u6587\u672c\u5e93\uff0c<sup>[39]<\/sup>\u66f4\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u8f6c\u5411\u8fd99,089\u90e8\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\u5c0f\u5c0f\u7684\u5927\u7ea65%\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u66fe\u7ecf\u5728\u67d0\u5e74\u8fdb\u5165\u300a\u51fa\u7248\u8005\u5468\u520a\u300b(<em>Publishers Weekly<\/em>)\u5341\u5927\u7545\u9500\u4e66\u699c\u5355\u7684347\u90e8\u5c0f\u8bf4\u548c\u66fe\u7ecf\u8d62\u5f97\u6216\u5165\u56f4\u4e3b\u8981\u6587\u5b66\u5956\u9879\u8bc4\u9009\u7684146\u90e8\u5c0f\u8bf4\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u51b3\u5b9a\u6709\u8d56\u4e8e\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u00b7\u82f1\u683c\u5229\u4ec0(James English)\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u4ed6\u66fe\u6709\u529b\u5730\u6307\u51fa:\u4e0e\u5176\u4f9d\u8d56\u66f4\u53d7\u56de\u6eaf\u6027\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u6b63\u5178\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5e94\u8be5\u628a\u5956\u9879\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6587\u5316\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u8981\u7d20\u548c\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e94\u8be5\u8003\u8651\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u5404\u65f6\u671f\u6587\u5b66\u54c1\u5473\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u5956\u9879\u5728\u91cf\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<sup>[40]<\/sup>\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5956\u9879\u5e76\u975e\u8861\u91cf\u6587\u5b66\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u53ef\u9760\u6307\u6807\u3002J. D. \u6ce2\u7279(J. D. Porter)\u4e0d\u4e45\u524d\u5c31\u66fe\u5229\u7528\u300aMLA\u56fd\u9645\u53c2\u8003\u4e66\u76ee\u300b(<em>MLA International Bibliography<\/em>)\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u636e\u6765\u8861\u91cf\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5174\u8da3\u3002\u7279\u5fb7\u00b7\u5b89\u5fb7\u4f0d\u5fb7(Ted Underwood)\u5219\u5173\u6ce8\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u671f\u520a\u6240\u520a\u767b\u7684\u8bc4\u8bba\u6587\u7ae0\u3002<sup>[41]<\/sup>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u83b7\u5f97\u6587\u5b66\u5956\u9879\u53ea\u662f\u591a\u79cd\u8861\u91cf\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\uff0c\u8fd8\u7ecf\u5e38\u56e0\u4e3a\u201c\u65e0\u89c6\u6770\u51fa\uff0c\u5956\u6396\u5e73\u5eb8\u201d<sup>[42]<\/sup>\u800c\u53d7\u5230\u6307\u8d23\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u5b89\u5fb7\u4f0d\u5fb7\u6240\u89e3\u91ca:\u201c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u8ba9\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u6ee1\u610f\u6b63\u662f\u6240\u6709\u6587\u5b66\u5730\u4f4d\u8bc4\u4ef7\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u5171\u540c\u70b9\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6587\u5b66\u5730\u4f4d\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c6\u89d2\u5316\u7684\u3001\u5145\u6ee1\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u8303\u7574\u3002\u201d<sup>[43]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u6587\u5b66\u5730\u4f4d\u8bc4\u4ef7\u6807\u51c6\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5956\u9879\u4e5f\u8fdc\u79f0\u4e0d\u4e0a\u5b8c\u7f8e\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5b83\u4ecd\u7136\u62e5\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u3002\u5b83\u80fd\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u6df1\u5165\u6d1e\u5bdf\u90a3\u4e9b\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa\u6700\u540e\u6570\u5341\u5e74\u4e2d\u9010\u5e74\u6f14\u53d8\u7684\u6587\u5316\u5c01\u5723\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u5b83\u80fd\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u68c0\u9a8c\u90a3\u4e9b\u5173\u4e8e\u6218\u540e\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e0e\u6280\u672f\u4e4b\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u8bba\u70b9\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bba\u70b9\u5f80\u5f80\u57fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u51e0\u4f4d\u5e38\u5ba2(\u5982\u5510\u00b7\u5fb7\u5229\u6d1b\u3001\u6258\u9a6c\u65af\u00b7\u54c1\u94a6(Thomas Pynchon)\u3001\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u67cf\u6d1b\u5179(William Burroughs)\u3001\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u76d6\u8fea\u65af(William Gaddis)\u3001\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u5409\u5e03\u68ee(William Gibson)\u3001\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u5e93\u4f5b(Robert Coover)\u3001\u8bfa\u66fc\u00b7\u6885\u52d2(Norman Mailer)\u548c\u7ea6\u745f\u592b\u00b7\u9ea6\u8003\u7f57\u4f0a(Joseph McElroy))\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u9605\u8bfb\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5bf9\u66f4\u5927\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u8003\u5bdf\u3002<sup>[44]<\/sup>\u5b83\u8fd8\u80fd\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u666e\u5229\u7b56\u5956\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u56fe\u4e66\u5956\u7b49\u5956\u9879\u4e0e\u7279\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5956\u9879\uff0c\u5982\u96e8\u679c\u5956\u548c\u661f\u4e91\u5956\uff0c\u52a0\u4ee5\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u5173\u4e8e\u6280\u672f\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u53f2\u7684\u591a\u79cd\u53d9\u4e8b\u3002\u672c\u6587\u8ffd\u968f\u5b89\u5fb7\u4f0d\u5fb7\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u5c06\u6837\u672c\u89c6\u4e3a\u76f8\u4e92\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u6b63\u5178\u201d\u7684\u601d\u8def\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u91c7\u53d6\u201c\u4e00\u79cd\u5173\u4e8e\u6587\u5b66\u53f2\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u8bba\u8bc1\u6a21\u5f0f\u201d\u3002<sup>[45]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7531\u7545\u9500\u4f5c\u54c1\u548c\u83b7\u5956\u4f5c\u54c1\u6784\u6210\u7684\u5b50\u6587\u672c\u5e93\u66f4\u8d34\u5408\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u9762\u5bf9\u7684\u95ee\u9898;\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8303\u56f4\u4ece9,000\u90e8\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7f29\u51cf\u5230\u4e0d\u5230500\u90e8\u5176\u5b9e\u8fd8\u610f\u5473\u7740\u7edf\u8ba1\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u7684\u5927\u5e45\u63d0\u5347\u3002<sup>[46]<\/sup>\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u6587\u672c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u76849,000\u90e8\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4ec5\u80fd\u4ee3\u886820\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e0b\u534a\u53f6\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u4e0a\u767e\u4e07\u90e8\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u5757\u788e\u7247(\u7684\u788e\u7247)\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5176\u4e2d146\u90e8\u83b7\u5956\u4f5c\u54c1\u5374\u5360\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u6240\u6709\u66fe\u5165\u56f4\u9876\u7ea7\u6587\u5b66\u5956\u9879\u8bc4\u9009\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u603b\u6570\u7684\u5c06\u8fd11\/4\uff0c<sup>[47]<\/sup>\u800c\u90a3347\u90e8\u7545\u9500\u4e66\u5219\u5360\u6574\u4e2a20\u4e16\u7eaa\u6240\u6709\u66fe\u8fdb\u5165\u5341\u5927\u7545\u9500\u4e66\u699c\u5355\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u603b\u6570\u76841\/3\u5f3a\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u82f1\u683c\u5229\u4ec0\u6240\u6e05\u6670\u6307\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u201c\u671d\u5411\u7206\u6b3e\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u96c6\u4e2d\u6548\u5e94\u610f\u5473\u7740:\u5728\u5f53\u4eca\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u5341\u5927\u7545\u9500\u4e66\u7684\u9500\u91cf\u5360\u5230\u603b\u9500\u91cf\u768420%\uff0c\u6bd4\u56fe\u4e66\u8d38\u6613\u4e2d\u6392\u540d\u9760\u540e\u7684\u6570\u4ee5\u4e07\u8ba1\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u9500\u91cf\u52a0\u8d77\u6765\u8fd8\u8981\u591a\u201d\u3002<sup>[48]<\/sup>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u201c\u8d8a\u5927\u201d\u6216\u8bb8\u201c\u8d8a\u597d\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u201c\u8d8a\u5c0f\u201d\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u624d\u201c\u8d8a\u660e\u667a\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u56fe3\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u4ece1950\u5e74\u4ee3\u665a\u671f\u52301970\u5e74\u4ee3\u665a\u671f\uff0c\u7535\u89c6\u6280\u672f\u5728\u901a\u4fd7\u5c0f\u8bf4\u548c\u4e25\u8083\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u9891\u7387\u76f8\u5dee\u65e0\u51e0(\u56fe3)\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u6700\u540e20\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c\u7535\u89c6\u673a\u5728\u7545\u9500\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u9891\u7387\u4e0d\u65ad\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u4e0e\u5b83\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e2d\u7684\u666e\u53ca\u7387\u6301\u5e73\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8fd1100%\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u83b7\u5956\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5374\u4e0d\u65ad\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u73b0\u8c61\u540c\u6837\u4e0e\u6b64\u524d\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u5f62\u6210\u53cd\u5dee\u3002\u8482\u5e0c\u5e76\u975e\u6ca1\u6709\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u201c\u4e66\u7c4d\u548c\u7535\u89c6\u201d\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4ef7\u503c\u4e4b\u95f4\u201c\u4e0d\u53ef\u8c03\u548c\u7684\u5bf9\u7acb\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u5979\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u8bed\u8a00\u4e0d\u65f6\u4f1a\u66b4\u9732\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u5bf9\u5e7f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u201c\u51fa\u7248\u6587\u5316\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u6587\u5b66\u6210\u679c\u201d\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u6df7\u6dc6\u3002<sup>[49]<\/sup>\u4e0e\u5979\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u672c\u6b21\u8003\u5bdf\u8ba4\u4e3a1980\u5e74\u4ee3\u548c1990\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u7535\u89c6\u6280\u672f\u548c\u51fa\u7248\u6587\u5316(\u5728\u6b64\u7279\u6307\u5c0f\u8bf4)\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u5e76\u975e\u4e0d\u53ef\u8c03\u548c\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4e0a\u6587\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8868\u660e:\u88ab\u8482\u5e0c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u201c\u5ef6\u7eed\u8fd140\u5e74\u800c\u672a\u53d7\u6311\u6218\u201d\u7684\u201c\u6218\u7ebf\u201d\u5e76\u975e\u5c06\u7535\u89c6\u4e0e\u666e\u904d\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u751f\u4ea7\u5272\u88c2\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5c06\u4e4b\u4e0e\u7279\u5b9a\u7cbe\u82f1\u4f5c\u8005\u548c\u6587\u5316\u6279\u8bc4\u5bb6\u7fa4\u4f53\u6240\u6301\u6709\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u58f0\u8a89\u6982\u5ff5\u5272\u88c2\u5f00\u6765\u3002<sup>[50]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Tu_3-1024x646.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-13132\" width=\"706\" height=\"445\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Tu_3-1024x646.png 1024w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Tu_3-300x189.png 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Tu_3-768x484.png 768w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Tu_3-1536x968.png 1536w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Tu_3-2048x1291.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 706px) 100vw, 706px\" \/><figcaption> \u56fe3 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<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u5947\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u6b64\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u5728\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u90fd\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u5206\u5316\u3002\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\uff0c\u7545\u9500\u4e66\u5bf9\u4fe1\u606f\u6280\u672f\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u6301\u7eed\u5e73\u7a33\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u5fae\u5e45\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u4f46\u540c\u65f6\u671f\u83b7\u5956\u4f5c\u54c1\u5bf9\u4fe1\u606f\u6280\u672f\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u5374\u6709\u660e\u663e\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u300a\u51fa\u7248\u8005\u5468\u520a\u300b\u7545\u9500\u4e66\u5355\u548c\u5956\u9879\u5165\u56f4\u4e66\u5355\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5206\u5316\u610f\u5473\u7740:\u57281980\u5e74\u4ee3\u548c1990\u5e74\u4ee3\u65e9\u671f\uff0c\u6587\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u660e\u663e\u7684\u88c2\u75d5\u2014\u2014\u901a\u4fd7\u5c0f\u8bf4\u66f4\u613f\u610f\u5c06\u6280\u672f\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u7eb3\u5165\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u66f4\u6587\u5b66\u5316\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u5219\u656c\u800c\u8fdc\u4e4b\u3002<sup>[51]<\/sup>\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e0b\u534a\u53f6\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u6587\u5b66\u2014\u5386\u53f2\u53d9\u4e8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u5bf9\u65b0\u6280\u672f\u96be\u4ee5\u5272\u820d\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u66f4\u5e7f\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u6765\u5ba1\u89c6\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u4e25\u8083\u5c0f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd9\u79cd\u770b\u6cd5\u5e76\u672a\u5f97\u5230\u652f\u6301\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u7535\u89c6\u673a(\u5230\u4e861990\u5e74\u4ee3\u65e9\u671f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bbe\u5907\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e2d\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\u4e86\u8d85\u8fc740\u5e74\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u572830\u591a\u5e74\u524d\u5c31\u666e\u53ca\u5316\u4e86)\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u9010\u6e10\u6d88\u9690\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u6765\u8bc1\u660e\u4e25\u8083\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5bf9\u6280\u672f\u7684\u6392\u65a5\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u4f46\u7535\u8111\u548c\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u624d\u662f\u66f4\u6709\u529b\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u2014\u2014\u968f\u7740\u6280\u672f\u672c\u8eab\u7a81\u7136\u53d8\u5f97\u975e\u6587\u5b66\u5316\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5374\u53d8\u5f97\u968f\u5904\u53ef\u89c1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Tu_4-1024x726.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-13133\" width=\"647\" height=\"459\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Tu_4-1024x726.png 1024w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Tu_4-300x213.png 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Tu_4-768x545.png 768w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Tu_4-1536x1089.png 1536w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Tu_4.png 1884w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 647px) 100vw, 647px\" \/><figcaption> \u56fe4 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Off,,Logging Back<strong>\u56db\u3001\u767b\u51fa\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u56de\u9996\u8fc7\u53bb<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1997\u5e74\uff0c\u5f53\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u6b63\u6025\u5267\u589e\u957f\u3001\u534a\u6570\u7f8e\u56fd\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u901a\u8fc7\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u7ebf(AOL)\u63a5\u89e6\u4e07\u7ef4\u7f51\u4e4b\u9645\uff0c\u5e15\u7279\u91cc\u590f\u00b7\u5eb7\u97e6\u5c14(Patricia Cornwell)\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u300a\u975e\u81ea\u7136\u66b4\u9732\u300b(<em>Unnatural Exposure<\/em>)\u4e5f\u51e0\u4e4e\u4ee5\u540c\u6837\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u5728\u300a\u51fa\u7248\u8005\u5468\u520a\u300b\u7545\u9500\u4e66\u699c\u4e0a\u8e7f\u5347\u3002\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u662f\u5eb7\u97e6\u5c14\u7684\u51ef\u00b7\u65af\u5361\u5c14\u4f69\u5854\u535a\u58eb(Dr. Kay Scarpetta)\u7cfb\u5217\u72af\u7f6a\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u516b\u90e8\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5f53\u5e74\u5168\u56fd\u7545\u9500\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u7b2c\u516d\u540d\u3002\u5c31\u65e9\u671f\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u610f\u8bc6\u548c\u901a\u4fd7\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e3a\u4f20\u8fbe\u8fd9\u79cd\u610f\u8bc6\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u7b56\u7565\u800c\u8bba\uff0c\u5b83\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u662f\u4e00\u4efd\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u6863\u6848\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u6731\u79c0\u82f1\u5728\u300a\u9690\u55bb\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u68a6\u89c1\u771f\u5b9e\u7761\u7720?\u300b\u4e2d\u6240\u63d0\u51fa:\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u81f3\u4eca\u5728\u63cf\u8ff0\u6570\u5b57\u7a7a\u95f4\u65f6\u4ecd\u4f1a\u9762\u4e34(\u56f0\u96be)\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5b83\u4eec\u9762\u524d\u6211\u4eec\u518d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u50cf1990\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u4f5c\u5bb6\u90a3\u6837\u754f\u60e7\u4e86\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u5728\u8ba4\u77e5\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u964c\u751f\u201d\u7684\u65b0\u6280\u672f\u6b63\u4ece\u201c\u672a\u6765\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fe\u666f\u201d\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u201c\u4e0d\u719f\u6089\u7684\u65b0\u73b0\u5b9e\u201d\u3002<sup>[56]<\/sup>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u5386\u53f2\u65f6\u523b\u662f\u6709\u597d\u5904\u7684\u2014\u2014\u4e0d\u4ec5\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u80fd\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u77a5\u89c1\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4ee5\u67d0\u79cd\u591a\u5c11\u7b97\u5f97\u4e0a\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5bf9\u201c\u7f51\u7edc\u201d\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u865a\u6784\u5316\uff0c\u8fd8\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u6307\u5411\u51e0\u79cd\u9020\u6210\u901a\u4fd7\u5c0f\u8bf4\u548c\u4e25\u8083\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u51fa\u73b0\u5de8\u5927\u5dee\u5f02\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u8fd9\u6216\u8bb8\u662f\u672c\u6b21\u8003\u5bdf\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\u6700\u80fd\u53d1\u6325\u6548\u529b\u4e4b\u5904:\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u751f\u6210\u5bbd\u6cdb\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u2014\u5386\u53f2\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u6700\u9002\u5408\u56de\u7b54\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u62d0\u70b9\u548c\u6587\u5b66\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u6211\u8981\u518d\u6b21\u501f\u7528\u57c3\u6770\u987f\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5:\u201c\u65b0\u5947\u6027\u672c\u8eab\u5e76\u4e0d\u65b0\uff0c\u4f46\u5173\u4e8e\u5b83\u6709\u65b0\u4e1c\u897f\u53ef\u8bf4\u3002\u201d<sup>[57]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5eb7\u97e6\u5c14\u5728\u300a\u975e\u81ea\u7136\u66b4\u9732\u300b\u4e2d\u5bf9\u65b0\u5947\u6027\u7684\u5904\u7406\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5fe0\u4e8e\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u5230\u4e86\u7d22\u7136\u65e0\u5473\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u5c0f\u8bf4\u60c5\u8282\u968f\u7740\u5f17\u5409\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5dde\u9996\u5e2d\u6cd5\u533b\u51ef\u00b7\u65af\u5361\u5c14\u4f69\u5854\u5bf9\u4e00\u540d\u5728\u7f51\u4e0a\u5632\u8bbd\u5979\u7684\u51b7\u8840\u6740\u624b\u7684\u8ffd\u8e2a\u884c\u52a8\u800c\u5c55\u5f00\u3002\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6210\u4e3a\u6574\u4e2a\u60c5\u8282\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u7ebf\u7d22\u5be5\u5be5\uff0c\u65af\u5361\u5c14\u4f69\u5854\u548c\u5979\u7cbe\u901a\u6280\u672f\u7684\u4f84\u5973\u3001FBI\u63a2\u5458\u9732\u897f\u00b7\u6cd5\u91cc\u5185\u5229(Lucy Farinelli)\u4e00\u8d77\u5728\u7f51\u4e0a\u5c55\u5f00\u6355\u730e\uff0c\u4e00\u8fb9\u8ffd\u8e2a\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4e00\u8fb9\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u7ebf\u7684\u804a\u5929\u5ba4\u91cc\u5367\u5e95\u3002\u5728\u5eb7\u97e6\u5c14\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u3001\u7535\u8111\u3001\u4f20\u547c\u673a\u548c\u624b\u673a\u65e0\u5904\u4e0d\u5728\uff0c\u603b\u5728\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5728\u4e8e\u80fd\u8ba9\u9732\u897f\u8ffd\u8e2a\u6740\u624b\u7559\u4e0b\u7684\u201c(\u6570\u5b57\u7684)\u86db\u4e1d\u9a6c\u8ff9\uff0c\u6316\u6398\u5b83\u4eec\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u6e90\u8bed\u8a00\u201d\uff0c\u8fd8\u5728\u4e8e\u80fd\u8ba9\u5eb7\u97e6\u5c14\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u4ee5\u7528\u6237\u624b\u518c\u5f0f\u7684\u7cbe\u786e\u6765\u6559\u80b2\u8bfb\u8005\u3002\u65af\u5361\u5c14\u4f69\u5854\u5728\u4e66\u4e2d\u66fe\u7ecf\u8fd9\u6837\u8bf4:\u201c\u9732\u897f\uff0c\u522b\u4eba\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u628a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7167\u7247\u53d1\u7ed9\u6211\u7684?\u4f60\u80fd\u4e00\u6b65\u4e00\u6b65\u7ed9\u6211\u8bb2\u660e\u767d\u5417?\u201d<sup>[58]<\/sup>\u63a5\u7740\uff0c\u9732\u897f\u5c31\u4f1a\u4e00\u6b65\u4e00\u6b65\u5730\u5411\u59d1\u5988\u548c\u5979\u7684FBI\u540c\u4e8b\u4eec\u89e3\u91ca\u201c\u522b\u4eba\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u7ebf\u5411\u65af\u5361\u5c14\u4f69\u5854\u535a\u58eb\u7684\u90ae\u4ef6\u5730\u5740\u53d1\u9001\u8fd9\u4e24\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u201d\u3002<sup>[59]<\/sup>\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u60c5\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5c0f\u8bf4\u6587\u4f53\u8fd8\u662f\u5b83\u4e0e\u6280\u672f\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u90fd\u660e\u663e\u53d8\u5f97\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5316\u3002<sup>[60]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u65af\u5361\u5c14\u4f69\u5854\u548c\u9732\u897f\u7684\u95ee\u7b54\u5f0f\u5173\u7cfb\u6b63\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u8bfb\u8005\u4e0e\u5eb7\u97e6\u5c14\u672c\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5728\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u5eb7\u97e6\u5c14\u66fe\u7ecf\u7528\u6574\u6574\u4e00\u6bb5\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u9732\u897f\u7684\u6280\u672f\u8bb2\u89e3\u2014\u2014\u6740\u624b\u9700\u8981\u7528\u54ea\u6b3e\u7535\u8111\u624d\u80fd\u5411\u65af\u5361\u5c14\u4f69\u5854\u53d1\u9001\u5176\u7f6a\u884c\u7167\u7247:\u201c\u81f3\u5c11\u67098\u5146\u5185\u5b58\u3001\u4e00\u53f0\u5f69\u663e\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u6709\u7c7b\u4f3cFotoTouch\u6216ScanMan\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u90e8\u8c03\u5236\u89e3\u8c03\u5668\u3002\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u9ea6\u91d1\u6258\u4ec0(Macintosh)\u7684Performa6116CD\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u66f4\u8001\u3002\u91cd\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u626b\u63cf\u5165\u7535\u8111\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u53d1\u9001\u662f\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u6613\u529e\u5230\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u201d\u6700\u540e\u5979\u5f97\u51fa\u4e86\u6709\u7528\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba:\u201c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u63a5\u89e6\u8bbe\u5907\u548c\u51e0\u672c\u4f7f\u7528\u624b\u518c\uff0c\u4eba\u4eba\u90fd\u80fd\u8fd9\u4e48\u5e72\u3002\u201d<sup>[61]<\/sup>\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u4ee520\u5e74\u540e\u672a\u6765\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u540e\u89c1\u4e4b\u660e\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u300a\u975e\u81ea\u7136\u66b4\u9732\u300b\u7684\u6784\u601d\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e0d\u4ec5\u610f\u5728\u5a31\u4e50\u8bfb\u8005\uff0c\u4e5f\u610f\u5728\u6559\u80b2\u4ed6\u4eec\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5eb7\u97e6\u5c14\u7684\u8fd9\u90e8\u60ac\u7591\u5c0f\u8bf4\u8fd8\u52aa\u529b\u601d\u7d22\u4e86\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u5bf9\u5c0f\u8bf4\u8fd9\u4e00\u6587\u4f53\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4ec0\u4e48\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u8fd9\u90e8\u4f5c\u54c1\u5173\u6ce8\u4e86\u6280\u672f\u5bf9\u4f2a\u88c5\u610f\u56fe\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\u8fd9\u540d\u6740\u624b\u5728\u7f51\u4e0a\u81ea\u79f0deadoc\uff0c\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u5217\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u7ebf\u7528\u6237\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u7b80\u4ecb\u6539\u5f97\u548c\u65af\u5361\u5c14\u4f69\u5854\u672c\u4eba\u7684\u7b80\u5386\u4e00\u6a21\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u5eb7\u97e6\u5c14\u5728\u6b64\u5c06\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u73b0\u5b9e\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4fa6\u63a2\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u719f\u6089\u7684\u8bed\u8a00:\u201c\u5982\u679c\u51f6\u5668\u4e0a\u6709\u4f60\u7684\u6307\u7eb9\u201d\uff0c\u9732\u897f\u95ee\u9053\uff0c\u201c\u4f60\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5e0c\u671b\u6211\u544a\u8bc9\u4f60\u5417?\u201d<sup>[62]<\/sup>\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u4e00\u76f4\u88ab\u6211\u4eec\u89c6\u4e3a\u7537\u6027\u7684\u51f6\u624b\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u88ab\u63ed\u793a\u51fa\u6765\u2014\u2014\u5979\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5973\u4eba\u3001\u65af\u5361\u5c14\u4f69\u5854\u4ece\u524d\u7684\u5bfc\u5e08\u83f2\u4e3d\u4e1d\u00b7\u514b\u52b3\u5fb7(Phyllis Crowder)\u535a\u58eb\uff0c\u6781\u4e3a\u64c5\u957f\u5229\u7528\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u533f\u540d\u6027\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5eb7\u97e6\u5c14\u8ba9\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u5728\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u4f5c\u7528\u2014\u2014\u65e2\u8ba9\u8bfb\u8005\u5efa\u7acb\u786e\u4fe1(\u201c\u4eba\u4eba\u90fd\u80fd\u8fd9\u4e48\u5e72\u201d)\uff0c\u53c8\u4e3a\u8001\u5957\u7684\u63a2\u6848\u60c5\u8282\u7b3c\u4e0a\u4e86\u6fc0\u52a8\u4eba\u5fc3\u7684\u5f53\u4ee3\u8272\u5f69\u3002\u6216\u8bb8\u300a\u975e\u81ea\u7136\u66b4\u9732\u300b\u5bf9\u6280\u672f\u7ec6\u8282\u7684\u4e13\u6ce8\u663e\u5f97\u6709\u4e9b\u8bf4\u6559\u592a\u751a\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e13\u6ce8\u540c\u6837\u8ba9\u8fd9\u672c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7262\u7262\u624e\u6839\u4e8e\u5f53\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f57\u5170\u00b7\u5df4\u5c14\u7279(Roland Barthes)\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u73b0\u5b9e\u6548\u679c\u201d\u7684\u5c16\u7aef\u5efa\u57fa\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u5047\u540d\u548c\u6700\u5c0f\u5185\u5b58\u7b49\u6982\u5ff5\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u3002<sup>[63]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e20\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u901a\u4fd7\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5bf9\u4fe1\u606f\u6280\u672f\u7684\u8fc5\u901f\u5438\u6536\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u89e3\u91ca\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u6267\u7740\u575a\u6301\u5f53\u4ee3\u6027\u3002\u82f1\u683c\u5229\u4ec0\u6700\u8fd1\u5728\u5bf91,700\u591a\u90e8\u5c0f\u8bf4\u52a0\u4ee5\u5206\u6790\u540e\u53d1\u73b0:\u4ece1960\u5e74\u4ee3\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u7edd\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7545\u9500\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u90fd\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u5f53\u4e0b;1980\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u4e4b\u540e\u768430\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c\u670980%\u7684\u5341\u5927\u7545\u9500\u4e66\u90fd\u4ee5\u5f53\u4ee3\u4e3a\u80cc\u666f\u3002<sup>[64]<\/sup>\u6587\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u8d4b\u4e88\u5f53\u4ee3\u6027\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u610f\u5473\u7740:\u5bf9\u5eb7\u97e6\u5c14\u548c\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u683c\u91cc\u6c99\u59c6(John Grisham)\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4f5c\u5bb6\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u65b0\u6280\u672f\u672c\u6765\u5c31\u662f\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u4ed6\u4eec\u7b14\u4e0b\u7684\u533b\u751f\u3001\u4fa6\u63a2\u548c\u68c0\u5bdf\u5b98\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6280\u672f\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f5c\u8005\u5bf9\u6587\u4f53\u4f20\u7edf\u8fdb\u884c\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u6539\u9020\uff0c\u6ee1\u8db3\u53d7\u4f17\u5bf9\u201c\u5f53\u4e0b\u201d\u7684\u6e34\u6c42\uff0c\u8fd8\u543b\u5408\u4e86\u9762\u5411\u5927\u4f17\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5411\u660e\u661f\u4f5c\u8005\u548c\u7206\u6b3e\u7cfb\u5217\u9ad8\u5ea6\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u5eb7\u97e6\u5c14\u5199\u5230\u51ef\u00b7\u65af\u5361\u5c14\u4f69\u5854\u535a\u58eb\u7cfb\u5217\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u7b2c\u516b\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u5979\u5e76\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u62c5\u5fc3\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u7ebf\u6216Performa 6000\u7cfb\u5217\u7535\u8111\u4e0b\u4e00\u5e74\u4f1a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fc7\u65f6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5979\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\u5979\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0b\u4e00\u5e74\u8fd8\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fc7\u65f6\uff0c\u5f80\u7cfb\u5217\u5c0f\u8bf4\u91cc\u62d6\u653e\u4e00\u70b9\u5347\u7ea7\u6280\u672f\u4e5f\u4e0d\u7528\u8d39\u4ec0\u4e48\u529b\u6c14\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u6216\u8bb8\u4e0d\u5c11\u7545\u9500\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u8fed\u4ee3\u6027\u8d28\u4f1a\u8ba9\u5eb7\u97e6\u5c14\u4f5c\u54c1\u90a3\u6837(\u8bb2\u8ff0\u5728\u7ebf\u804a\u5929\u5ba4\u91cc\u7684\u79d8\u5bc6\u5367\u5e95\u6545\u4e8b\u7684)\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5f88\u5feb\u8fc7\u65f6\uff0c\u4f46\u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u5b83\u4eec\u4fdd\u6301\u6280\u672f\u4e0a\u7684\u903c\u771f\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e0e\u901a\u4fd7\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4e25\u8083\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e0e\u5f53\u4ee3\u6027\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7531\u6b64\u800c\u6765\u7684\u4e0e\u5f53\u4ee3\u6027\u6240\u8d56\u4ee5\u5448\u73b0\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6280\u672f\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u66f4\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u3002\u5510\u00b7\u5fb7\u5229\u6d1b\u7684\u300a\u5730\u4e0b\u4e16\u754c\u300b(<em>Underworld<\/em>)\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u57281997\u5e74\u7684\u5df4\u8bfa\u4e66\u5e97(Barnes and Nobles)\u91cc\uff0c\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u7d27\u6328\u300a\u975e\u81ea\u7136\u66b4\u9732\u300b\u6446\u653e\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u81f3\u5c11\u8ddd\u79bb\u4e0d\u8fdc\u3002\u5b83\u66fe\u83b7\u5f97\u666e\u5229\u7b56\u5956\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u56fe\u4e66\u5956\u63d0\u540d\u3002\u5fb7\u5229\u6d1b\u7684\u8fd9\u672c\u5386\u53f2\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5305\u7f57\u4e07\u8c61\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u4e8e1951\u5e74\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u5f39\uff0c\u7ec8\u7ed3\u4e8e\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u5728\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u610f\u7684\u795e\u79d8\u5316\u3002\u5728\u5168\u4e66\u6807\u5fd7\u6027\u7684\u5c3e\u58f0\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5fb7\u5229\u6d1b\u8bb2\u8ff0\u4e86\u4fee\u5973\u963f\u5c14\u739b\u00b7\u57c3\u5fb7\u52a0(Alma Edgar)\u5728\u201c\u8d5b\u535a\u7a7a\u95f4\u800c\u975e\u5929\u5802\u201d\u4e2d\u7684\u6765\u751f\u2014\u2014\u90a3\u91cc\u56db\u5904\u90fd\u662f\u201c\u5149\u8292(\u548c)\u95ea\u8000\u5954\u817e\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4ece\u5341\u4ebf\u4e2a\u9065\u8fdc\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u8282\u70b9\u6d41\u6ea2\u800c\u51fa\u201d\u3002<sup>[65]<\/sup>\u4e0e\u4ed6\u5728\u300a\u767d\u566a\u97f3\u300b\u4e2d\u6240\u505a\u7684\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5fb7\u5229\u6d1b\u5728\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u4e2d\u8003\u5bdf\u4e86\u4fe1\u606f\u6280\u672f\u7684\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u5bf9\u4e4b\u9887\u4e3a\u63a8\u5d07\u3002\u4ed6\u5c06\u7f51\u7edc\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u201c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5947\u8ff9\u201d\u2014\u2014\u7528\u6237\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u805a\u96c6\u201c\u6d6a\u6f6e\u548c\u5149\u7ebf&#8230;&#8230;\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u540c\u65f6\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u201d\u3002<sup>[66]<\/sup>\u7136\u800c\u5fb7\u5229\u6d1b\u7684\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u5e76\u975e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6280\u672f\u4e4c\u6258\u90a6\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4ecd\u7136\u5145\u6ee1\u201c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u652f\u914d&#8230;&#8230;\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u504f\u6267\u5984\u60f3\u3002\u201d\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u4fee\u5973\u963f\u5c14\u739b\u00b7\u57c3\u5fb7\u52a0\u65e2\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u6551\u8d4e\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u540c\u6837\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u906d\u9047J\u00b7\u57c3\u5fb7\u52a0\u00b7\u80e1\u4f5b(J. Edgar Hoover)\u7684\u5316\u8eab\u3002<sup>[67]<\/sup>\u8fd9\u90e8\u5c0f\u8bf4\u6216\u8bb8\u610f\u5728\u6311\u6218\u8bfb\u8005\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u9762\u5bf9\u7528\u6237\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5316\u7684\u5168\u7403\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u6240\u611f\u5230\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u8ba4\u77e5\u964c\u751f\u5316\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u300a\u5730\u4e0b\u4e16\u754c\u300b\u7684\u6280\u672f\u795e\u79d8\u4e3b\u4e49\u6700\u7ec8\u8ba9\u8fd9\u79cd\u964c\u751f\u611f\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u4e25\u91cd\u3002\u5eb7\u97e6\u5c14\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6740\u624b\u4e0e\u82f1\u96c4\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u5374\u4f1a\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u914d\u7f6e\u5bb6\u7528\u8bbe\u5907\u548c\u7528\u6237\u624b\u518c\u3002\u5fb7\u5229\u6d1b\u57281997\u5e74\u6240\u63cf\u7ed8\u7684\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u5219\u629b\u5f03\u4e86\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e00\u79cd\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u7684\u5d07\u9ad8\uff0c\u8ba9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u65f6\u800c\u6709\u5982\u5929\u5802\uff0c\u65f6\u800c\u6709\u5982\u5730\u72f1\u3002<sup>[68]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u4e0e\u300a\u975e\u81ea\u7136\u66b4\u9732\u300b\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u8fd9\u6216\u8bb8\u4e5f\u662f\u5c0f\u8bf4\u2014\u65f6\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u9762\u5411\u5927\u4f17\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u9996\u8981\u76ee\u6807\u5728\u4e8e\u6ee1\u8db3\u5f53\u4ee3\u53d7\u4f17\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u4e25\u8083\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5219\u5bf9\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u672a\u6765\u6027\u66f4\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u3002\u9ad8\u96c5\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u76ee\u5149\u4f1a\u8d8a\u8fc7\u4e0b\u4e00\u5e74\u7684\u666e\u5229\u7b56\u5956\uff0c\u6295\u5411\u672a\u6765\u7684\u8bfe\u7a0b\u5927\u7eb2\u548c\u5c06\u4e0e\u5b83\u4eec\u5bf9\u8bdd\u7684\u672a\u6765\u8bfb\u8005\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u4ece\u4e0e\u67d0\u79cd\u6c38\u6052\u6027\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u601d\u8003\u81ea\u8eab\u3002\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u4e3a\u4f55\u5fb7\u5229\u6d1b\u66f4\u9752\u7750\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u795e\u79d8\u5316\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5eb7\u97e6\u5c14\u5f0f\u7684\u6280\u672f\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u5fb7\u5229\u6d1b\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e00\u79cd\u7cbe\u82f1\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7f6e\u4e8e\u83b7\u5f97\u8fd9\u79cd\u5730\u4f4d\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u66f4\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u4e2d\u6765\u5ba1\u89c6\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u6216\u8bb8\u4f1a\u5c06\u90a3\u4e9b\u652f\u6491\u7740\u5eb7\u97e6\u5c14\u7684\u5f53\u4ee3\u6027\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u7ec6\u8282\u89c6\u4e3a\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u4f5c\u54c1\u5bff\u547d\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u300a\u975e\u81ea\u7136\u66b4\u9732\u300b\u5448\u73b0\u4fe1\u606f\u6280\u672f\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u76ee\u7684\u5728\u4e8e\u4e3a\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4f4d\uff0c\u300a\u5730\u4e0b\u4e16\u754c\u300b\u5bf9\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7684\u523b\u753b\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u6307\u5411\u67d0\u79cd\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u5176\u5b8f\u5927\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u7eb5\u89c8\u4e2d\uff0c\u300a\u5730\u4e0b\u4e16\u754c\u300b\u53ea\u5728\u672b\u5c3e\u90e8\u5206\u6d89\u53ca\u4e86\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\uff0c\u7136\u800c20\u4e16\u7eaa\u665a\u671f\u7684\u83b7\u5956\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u80fd\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u7684\u5df2\u7ecf\u662f\u5c48\u6307\u53ef\u6570\u3002\u5c31\u5176\u6574\u4f53\u800c\u8bba\uff0c\u5fb7\u5229\u6d1b\u7684\u8fd9\u90e8\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5173\u6ce8\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u662f20\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u672c\u8eab\u2014\u2014\u540e\u8005\u53ea\u88ab\u5b83\u89c6\u4e3a\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u5207\u7684\u4f59\u7eea(\u4e5f\u662f\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u7684\u5c3e\u58f0)\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u540c\u6837\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\u4ee5\u8fd9\u90e8\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e3a\u9c9c\u660e\u4f8b\u5916\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u7edf\u8ba1\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002\u82f1\u683c\u5229\u4ec0\u5bf9\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6027\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u540c\u6837\u660e\u786e\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9:\u5c31\u5728\u7545\u9500\u5c0f\u8bf4\u52a0\u5927\u5176\u5bf9\u5f53\u4ee3\u6027\u7684\u6295\u5165\u7684\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u83b7\u5956\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4ee5\u540c\u6837\u7684\u6295\u5165\u56f4\u7ed5\u5386\u53f2\u6027\u4ef7\u503c\u91cd\u6784\u81ea\u8eab\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u201c\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u518d\u65f6\u95f4\u5316\u201d\u3002<sup>[69]<\/sup>\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u59cb\u4e8e1980\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u8fd9\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c\u5165\u56f4\u4e3b\u8981\u6587\u5b66\u5956\u9879\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u5c06\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4f5c\u4e3a\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u201c\u5230\u4e861990\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\uff0c\u5728\u9ad8\u96c5\u6587\u5b66\u6279\u8bc4\u7684\u89c6\u91ce\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f53\u4ee3\u80cc\u666f(\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a)\u4e00\u79cd\u5c0f\u4f17\u8da3\u5473\u201d\u3002<sup>[70]<\/sup>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u300a\u5730\u4e0b\u4e16\u754c\u300b\u7684\u5c3e\u58f0\u4f7f\u5176\u8dfb\u8eab\u5c11\u6570\u63cf\u7ed8\u4e86\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7684\u7cbe\u82f1\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u884c\u5217\uff0c\u53e6\u5916800\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\u5374\u8ba9\u5b83\u7262\u7262\u624e\u6839\u4e8e20\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u6587\u5b66\u6027\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u4e25\u8083\u5c0f\u8bf4\u8fdc\u79bb\u65b0\u6280\u672f\u3001\u5c06\u76ee\u5149\u6295\u5411\u5386\u53f2\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u8f6c\u5411\u5c31\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u5386\u53f2\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u76f8\u4e92\u52a0\u5f3a\u3002\u6bd5\u7adf\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f88\u96be\u60f3\u8c61\u6258\u59ae\u00b7\u83ab\u91cc\u68ee(Toni Morrison)\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u7b14\u8bb0\u672c\u7535\u8111\uff0c\u81f3\u4e8e\u5e0c\u62c9\u91cc\u00b7\u66fc\u7279\u5c14(Hilary Mantel)\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u5219\u66f4\u4e0d\u7528\u8bf4\u3002\u5728\u6587\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u8c61\u5f81\u8d44\u672c\u6bd4\u91d1\u878d\u8d44\u672c\u66f4\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6295\u8eab\u4e8e\u6b64\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u4eec\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u523a\u6fc0\u4ed6\u4eec\u521b\u4f5c\u5173\u4e8e\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u5f3a\u70c8\u8bf1\u56e0(\u5373\u8d62\u5f97\u56fd\u5bb6\u56fe\u4e66\u5956)\uff0c\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u4fc3\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u653e\u5f03\u6570\u5b57\u79d1\u6280\u7684\u5f3a\u70c8\u4e0d\u5229\u56e0\u7d20\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u672f\u610f\u5473\u7740\u968f\u65f6\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u524d\u4e00\u79cd\u52aa\u529b\u6253\u4e0a\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\u6280\u672f\u5728\u9762\u5411\u5927\u4f17\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u548c\u6587\u5b66\u6027\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u660e\u663e\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u540e\u4e00\u7c7b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u957f\u7684\u6280\u672f\u5ef6\u8fdf\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u540c\u6837\u610f\u5473\u774020\u4e16\u7eaa\u6587\u5b66\u53f2\u4e2d\u4e00\u79cd\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u6f6e\u6d41\u4e2d\u7684\u5148\u884c\u8005\u4eec\u66fe\u7ecf\u62e5\u62b1\u65b0\u673a\u5668\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u65b0\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u4ece1980\u5e74\u4ee3\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5bb6\u5374\u4ee5\u8f6c\u5411\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u521b\u65b0\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5eb7\u97e6\u5c14\u548c\u5fb7\u5229\u6d1b\u5173\u4e8e\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6210\u4e3a\u901a\u4fd7\u5c0f\u8bf4\u548c\u4e25\u8083\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5728\u5448\u73b0\u4fe1\u606f\u6280\u672f\u65f6\u6240\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u8303\u4f8b\uff0c\u4e5f\u51f8\u663e\u4e86\u6587\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u90e8\u5206\u5404\u81ea\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u800c\u5bf9\u7acb\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fdb\u516521\u4e16\u7eaa20\u5e74\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u72b6\u51b5\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4ecd\u672a\u6709\u592a\u5927\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u4ee5\u8fdb\u5165\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u79fb\u52a8\u8bbe\u5907\u5728\u4e25\u8083\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u4ecd\u7136\u5c11\u5f97\u8ba9\u4eba\u4e0d\u53ef\u601d\u8bae\u3002<sup>[71]<\/sup>\u65e0\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u521b\u4f5c\u3001\u51fa\u7248\u3001\u63a8\u5e7f\u3001\u8d2d\u4e70\u4e43\u81f3\u9605\u8bfb\u5f53\u4ee3\u5c0f\u8bf4\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\u6280\u672f\u90fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u672f\u672c\u8eab\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5728\u6587\u5b66\u6027\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u4ecd\u7136\u7f3a\u5e2d\u3002\u4e0e\u74e6\u5c14\u7279\u00b7\u672c\u96c5\u660e\u5728\u300a\u673a\u68b0\u590d\u5236\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u827a\u672f\u4f5c\u54c1\u300b\u4e2d\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u7535\u5f71\u62cd\u6444\u573a\u666f\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u5f53\u4ee3\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u65e0\u8bbe\u5907&#8230;&#8230;\u73b0\u5b9e\u201d\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u6307\u5411\u7684\u662f\u201c\u5de7\u827a\u7684\u5dc5\u5cf0&#8230;&#8230;\u662f\u6280\u672f\u738b\u56fd\u91cc\u7684\u4e00\u6735\u5170\u82b1\u201d\u3002<sup>[72]<\/sup>\u5728\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u8fc7\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7684\u5c11\u6570\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5bb6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5fb7\u5229\u6d1b\u548c\u5eb7\u97e6\u5c14\u6240\u5404\u81ea\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u7b56\u7565\u5df2\u7ecf\u6d41\u4f20\u5f00\u6765\u3002\u5982\u739b\u683c\u4e3d\u7279\u00b7\u963f\u7279\u4f0d\u5fb7(Margaret Atwood)\u3001\u73cd\u59ae\u5f17\u00b7\u4f0a\u6839(Jennifer Egan)\u3001\u6234\u7ef4\u00b7\u57c3\u683c\u65af(Dave Eggers)\u3001\u672c\u00b7\u52d2\u7eb3(Ben Lerner)\u3001\u5c3e\u5173\u9732\u4e1d(Ruth Ozeki)\u3001\u52a0\u91cc\u00b7\u65bd\u6cf0\u56e0\u52a0\u7279(Gary Shteyngart)\u548c\u79d1\u5c14\u68ee\u00b7\u6000\u7279\u9ed1\u5fb7(Colson Whitehead)\u7b49\u4eba\u90fd\u66fe\u63a2\u8ba8\u8fc7\u6570\u5b57\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u6885\u6839\u00b7\u535a\u4f0a\u5c14(Megan Boyle)\u3001\u82ad\u82ad\u62c9\u00b7\u5e03\u6717\u5b81(Barbara Browning)\u3001\u6797\u97ec(Tao Lin)\u3001\u5965\u7279\u8428\u00b7\u83ab\u4ec0\u8d39\u683c(Ottessa Moshfegh)\u548c\u8428\u8389\u00b7\u9c81\u5c3c(Sally Rooney)\u5219\u90fd\u4ece\u5b83\u7684\u65e0\u5904\u4e0d\u5728\u548c\u5eb8\u5e38\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u5207\u5165\u3002<sup>[73]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7ee7\u7eed\u628a\u6301\u7740\u7f8e\u56fd\u9876\u7ea7\u6587\u5b66\u5956\u9879\u7684\u5165\u56f4\u540d\u5355\u3002\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb20\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u666e\u5229\u7b56\u5956\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u56fe\u4e66\u5956\u6216\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e66\u8bc4\u4eba\u534f\u4f1a\u5956\u63d0\u540d\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u670975%\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u5c0f\u8bf4\u3002<sup>[74]<\/sup>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ecd\u7136\u80fd\u53d1\u73b0\u4e00\u4e9b\u8ff9\u8c61\u8868\u660e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7edf\u6cbb\u7740\u6587\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u59cb\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u78b0\u649e\uff0c\u5c06\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u5c40\u9762\u3002\u57c3\u5229\u8299\u00b7\u5df4\u56fe\u66fc(Elif Batuman)\u90a3\u90e8\u83b7\u5f97\u666e\u5229\u7b56\u5956\u63d0\u540d\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u300a\u767d\u75f4\u300b(<em>The Idiot<\/em>)\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u8fd9\u90e8\u5c0f\u8bf4\u51fa\u7248\u4e8e2017\u5e74\uff0c\u80cc\u666f\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e3a1990\u5e74\u4ee3\u665a\u671f\u3002\u5b83\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5386\u53f2\u5c0f\u8bf4\u3001\u6821\u56ed\u5c0f\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u6210\u957f\u5c0f\u8bf4\u3002\u5728\u6545\u4e8b\u5f00\u7bc7\uff0c\u53d9\u4e8b\u8005\u8bb2\u8ff0\u4e86\u5979\u521a\u8fdb\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u65e5\u5b50\u548c\u5979\u4e0e\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7684\u521d\u9047:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u90a3\u65f6\u7684\u6211\u5bf9\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6ca1\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u5728\u6211\u7684\u60f3\u8c61\u4e2d\uff0c\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\u662f\u4e0e\u4f20\u771f\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u4f1a\u7528\u5230\u6253\u5370\u673a\u3002\u7136\u800c\u90a3\u91cc\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u6253\u5370\u673a\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u67d0\u4e9b\u7535\u8111\u6765\u767b\u5f55\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7535\u8111\u5c31\u6563\u843d\u5728\u666e\u666e\u901a\u901a\u7684\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7535\u8111\u770b\u4e0a\u53bb\u5e76\u65e0\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u90a3\u91cc\u603b\u6709\u4e00\u4efd\u95ea\u95ea\u53d1\u4eae\u7684\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u4e00\u6210\u4e0d\u53d8\uff0c\u4ee5\u65c1\u4eba\u4e0d\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u91cc\u9762\u6709\u6765\u81ea\u4f60\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u6765\u81ea\u4f60\u4e0d\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u3002\u6bcf\u6761\u6d88\u606f\u90fd\u662f\u540c\u6837\u7684\u5b57\u4f53\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u601d\u60f3\u6216\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u7b14\u8ff9\u3002<sup>[75]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u5df4\u56fe\u66fc\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5f25\u5408\u4e86\u5eb7\u97e6\u5c14\u7684\u6280\u672f\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u7ec6\u8282\u548c\u5fb7\u5229\u6d1b\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u5d07\u9ad8\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u6027\uff0c\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u8868\u73b0\u7b56\u7565\u4e0e\u5386\u53f2\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u9ad8\u96c5\u4e25\u8083\u6a21\u5f0f\u878d\u4e3a\u4e00\u7089\u3002<sup>[76]<\/sup>\u5df4\u56fe\u66fc\u5728\u8bbf\u8c08\u4e2d\u66fe\u7ecf\u63cf\u8ff0\u8fc7\u5979\u7684\u613f\u671b:\u8981\u590d\u6d3b\u5e76\u91cd\u73b0\u90a3\u4e2a\u201c\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\u8fd8\u662f\u795e\u5947\u5f02\u8d28\u4e4b\u7269\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u2014\u2014(\u90a3\u65f6\u5019)\u5b83\u662f\u65b0\u9896\u7684\uff0c\u5374\u4e0d\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u7684\uff0c\u5f15\u4eba\u63a2\u7d22\uff0c\u4ee4\u4eba\u6fc0\u52a8\u201d\u3002<sup>[77]<\/sup>\u5982\u4eca\u65e2\u7136\u6570\u5b57\u6280\u672f\u5df2\u7ecf\u8db3\u591f\u6210\u719f\uff0c\u8db3\u4ee5\u6210\u4e3a\u5386\u53f2\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\uff0c\u6216\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u4ecd\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u5c0f\u8bf4\u767b\u5f55\u7f51\u7edc\u5e76\u540c\u65f6\u5c55\u5f00\u56de\u6eaf\uff0c\u7f29\u77ed\u6587\u5b66\u4e0e\u5f53\u4ee3\u4e16\u754c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5ef6\u8fdf\uff0c\u53c8\u4ee5\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u5f0f\u590d\u5236\u8fd9\u79cd\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3002\u7528\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u8457\u540d\u7684\u8084\u4e1a\u751f\u7684\u8bdd\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u4ece\u524d\u50cf\u662f\u602a\u8bde\u4e4b\u8c08\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u73b0\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u5df2\u7ecf\u628a\u5b83\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e86\u201d\u3002<sup>[78]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e0e\u6b64\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u672c\u6b21\u8003\u5bdf\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u65b9\u6cd5(\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u8303\u56f4\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u8bc1\u636e)\u65e8\u5728\u7ed3\u5408\u7ec6\u8bfb\u4e0e\u8fdc\u8bfb\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u540e\u8005\u7684\u89c6\u91ce\u6765\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u5f15\u5bfc\u524d\u8005\u7684\u7cbe\u786e\u4e0e\u6df1\u5165\u3002\u5ef6\u8fdf\u6240\u6307\u5411\u7684\u6280\u672f\u7f3a\u5e2d\u6216\u8bb8\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e3a\u6570\u767e\u90e8\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5e93\u4e2d\u663e\u73b0\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u6709\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u6536\u7f29\u5230\u4e24\u4e09\u90e8\u5c0f\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u624d\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e00\u663e\u73b0\u3002\u957f\u4e45\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e00\u76f4\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5728\u5178\u8303\u4e0e\u4f8b\u5916\u4e4b\u95f4\u5efa\u7acb\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u5219\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u8fa8\u522b\u4f55\u4e3a\u5178\u8303\u3001\u4f55\u4e3a\u4f8b\u5916\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u53c8\u4e00\u79cd\u624b\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color:#0071a1\" class=\"has-inline-color\">&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong><span style=\"color:#0071a1\" class=\"has-inline-color\">The Lag: Technology and Fiction in the Twentieth Century<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Alexander Manshel<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><span style=\"color:#0071a1\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Abstract:<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>How can information technology be both central to the story of the twentieth- century American novel and conspicuously absent from its last chapters? How can two periods\u2014modernism and postmodernism\u2014in which tremendous technological innovation inspired tremendous literary innovation be followed by another period in which technological innovation inspired literary silence? Addressing these questions means not only that the literary history of American twentieth century\u00a0<em>vis-\u00e0-vis\u00a0<\/em>technology changed dramatically at its close but also that the critical narrative of that history requires some revision. Importing David Edgerton&#8217;s concept of a \u201chistory of technology-in-use\u201d into literary studies, this investigation departs from previous literary-historical accounts of twentieth-century technology by analyzing several hundred American novels. Drawing on the Stanford Literary Lab&#8217;s and the Chicago Text Lab&#8217;s corpora of twentieth-century American novels, this study tracks the presence of various information technologies in fiction alongside historical statistics regarding their actual use. This comparison reveals a pronounced lag between when a technology enters American culture or the home and when it enters the novel. It reveals not only fiction&#8217;s changing attitudes to technology throughout the twentieth century but also an object of literary scholarship\u2014the lag. The comparative analysis employed here allows us to ask broader, transhistorical questions about literary history and to challenge our assumptions about technology&#8217;s role therein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><span style=\"color:#0071a1\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Keywords:<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>Digital Humanities; 20th Century American Novel; Stanford Literary Lab; Chicago Text Lab; Hisory of Technology-in-Use; The Lag<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color\" style=\"color:#0071a1\">&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\">\u7f16\u00a0\u8f91\u00a0 |\u00a0 \u59dc\u6587\u6d9b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u539f\u6587\u4fe1\u606f<\/strong><br>Alexander Manshel,\u201c\u00a0The Lag: Technology and Fiction in the Twentieth Century,\u201d<em>PMLA<\/em>, vol. 135, no. 1, 2020, published by the Modern Language Association of America, pp. 40-58. Translated and published in Chinese with the author&#8217;s permission..<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u6ce8\u91ca\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[1]John Coetzee, &#8220;Letter to Paul Auster,&#8221; March 14 , 2011.&nbsp;<em>Here and Now: Letters, 2008\u20132011<\/em>, New York: Viking Penguin, 2013, p. 219.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[2]John Coetzee, &#8220;Letter to Paul Auster,&#8221; April 7, 2011.&nbsp;<em>Here and Now: Letters, 2008\u20132011<\/em>, pp. 226\u2013227.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[3]Paul Auster, &#8220;Letter to J. M. Coetzee,&#8221; March 28, 2011.&nbsp;<em>Here and Now: Letters, 2008\u20132011<\/em>, p. 222.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[4]Ian P. Watt,&nbsp;<em>The Rise of the Novel: Studies in Defoe, Richardson, and Fielding<\/em>, 1957, Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001, p. 60.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[5]Paul Auster, &#8220;Letter to J. M. Coetzee,&#8221; March 28, 2011.&nbsp;<em>Here and Now: Letters, 2008\u20132011<\/em>, p. 223.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[6]Alex Goody,&nbsp;<em>Technology<\/em>,&nbsp;<em>Literature and Culture<\/em>, London: Polity Press, 2011, pp. 1-14.\u5173\u4e8e18\u81f319\u4e16\u7eaa\u6280\u672f\u5bf9\u5c0f\u8bf4\u53ca\u5176\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u53c2\u89c1:Joseph Drury,&nbsp;<em>Novel Machines: Technology and Narrative Form in Enlightenment Britain<\/em>, London: Oxford University Press, 2017;Richard Menke,&nbsp;<em>Telegraphic Realism: Victorian Fiction and Other Information Systems<\/em>, Palo Alto: Stanford University Press, 2008;Laura Otis,&nbsp;<em>Networking: Communicating with Bodies and Machines in the Nineteenth Century<\/em>, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2001\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[7]Jennifer Lieberman,&nbsp;<em>Power Lines: Electricity in American Life and Letters, 1882\u20131952<\/em>, Cambridge: MIT Press, 2017, p. 13.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[8]Tim Armstrong,&nbsp;<em>Modernism, Technology, and the Body: A Cultural History<\/em>, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998, p. 4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[9]\u6839\u636e\u6d77\u68ee\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u201c\u5bf9\u65b0\u5148\u950b\u827a\u672f\u7684\u8bde\u751f\uff0c\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u80dc\u8fc7\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u4f55\u5355\u4e00\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u70b9\u71c3\u4e86\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u7684\u60f3\u8c61\u529b&#8230;&#8230;\u8fd8\u6df1\u5165\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u201d(Andreas Huyssen,&nbsp;<em>After the Great Divide: Modernism, Mass Culture, Postmodernism<\/em>, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1986, p. 9)\u3002\u5728\u58a8\u83f2\u7279\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7136\u719f\u6089\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684(\u6587\u5b66)\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u201d\u6b63\u6765\u81ea\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u201c\u79fb\u4f4d\u903b\u8f91\u201d\u548c\u5bf9\u65b0\u6280\u672f\u7684\u201c\u501f\u7528\u201d(Julian Murphet,&nbsp;<em>Multimedia Modernism: Literature and the Anglo-American Avant-garde<\/em>, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009, p. 30)\u3002\u53e6\u53c2\u89c1: David Trotter,&nbsp;<em>Literature in the First Media Age: Britain between the Wars<\/em>, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2013;Kate Marshall,&nbsp;<em>Corridor: Media Architectures in American Fiction<\/em>, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2013;Tim Armstrong,&nbsp;<em>Modernism: A Cultural History<\/em>, Cambridge: Polity Press, 2005, pp.129-131\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[10]Mark McGurl,&nbsp;<em>The Program Era: Postwar Fiction and the Rise of Creative Writing<\/em>, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2009, p. 42. \u5728\u9ea6\u683c\u5c14\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u79f0\u201c\u91cd\u65b0\u786e\u8ba4\u4e86\u4f17\u591a\u6218\u540e\u7f8e\u56fd\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e0e\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5728\u53d9\u4e8b\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8ba1\u5212\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\u2014\u2014\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b83\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u6210\u4e3a\u4e3b\u6d41\u7684\u3001\u5bf9\u6587\u5b66\u6280\u827a(techne)\u4e0e\u66f4\u6076\u52a3\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u6280\u672f\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\u7684\u627f\u8ba4\u201d\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u9ea6\u514b\u6d77\u5c14\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u5bf9\u201c\u6280\u672f\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u540e\u679c\u53ca\u4f53\u5236\u540e\u679c\u201d\u7684\u5174\u8da3(Brian McHale,&nbsp;<em>Postmodernist Fiction<\/em>, 1987, London: Routledge, 1996, p. 66)\u3002\u7ea6\u7ff0\u65af\u987f\u5219\u63d0\u51fa:\u4fe1\u606f\u6280\u672f\u53ca\u5176\u903b\u8f91\u5728\u6218\u540e\u7f8e\u56fd\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u201c\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u548c\u4e2d\u5fc3\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u201d(John Johnston,&nbsp;<em>Information Multiplicity: American Fiction in the Age of Media Saturation<\/em>, Washington: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998, p. 13)\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u6280\u672f\u5bf920\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e0b\u534a\u53f6\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u53c2\u89c1:Tom LeClair,&nbsp;<em>In the Loop: Don DeLillo and the Systems Novel<\/em>, Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 1987;Joseph Tabbi,&nbsp;<em>Postmodern Sublime: Technology and American Writing from Mailer to Cyberpunk<\/em>, New York: Cornell University Press, 1995; N. Katherine Hayles,&nbsp;<em>How We Became Posthuman: Virtual Bodies in Cybernetics, Literature, and Informations<\/em>, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999;N. Katherine Hayles,&nbsp;<em>Writing Machines<\/em>, Cambridge: MIT Press, 2002;Jay Clayton\u201c, Convergence of the Two Cultures: A Geek&#8217;s Guide to Contemporary Literature,\u201d<em>American Literature<\/em>, vol. 74, no. 4, 2002, pp. 807\u2013831;Mark Conroy,&nbsp;<em>Muse in the Machine: American Fiction and Mass Publicity<\/em>, Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 2004;Peter Freese, Charles B. Harris\u201c, The Holodeck in the Garden,\u201d\u201cIntroduction,\u201d<em>The Holodeck in the Gaden: Science and Technology in Contemporary American Fiction<\/em>, eds. Freese and Harris, Dallas: Dalkey Archive Press, 2004, pp. ix\u2013xxviii;Lindsay Thomas,\u201cInformation,\u201d&nbsp;<em>American Literature in Transition, 2000\u20132010<\/em>, ed. Rachel Greenwald Smith, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017, pp. 181\u2013192;Florence Dore,&nbsp;<em>Novel Sounds: Southern Fiction in the Age of Rock and Roll<\/em>, New York: Columbia University Press, 2018\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[11]Cecelia Tichi,&nbsp;<em>Electronic Hearth: Creating an American Television Culture<\/em>, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991, pp. 36-37.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[12]Mark Goble,&nbsp;<em>Beautiful Circuits: Modernism and the Mediated Life<\/em>, New York: Columbia University Press, 2010, p. 3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[13]David Edgerton,&nbsp;<em>The Shock of the Old: Technology and Global History Since 1900<\/em>, Oxford: Oxford University Press,, 2007, p. xi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[14]Lieberman,&nbsp;<em>Power Lines<\/em>, pp. 211-217.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[15]Edgerton,&nbsp;<em>The Shock of the Old<\/em>, pp. xi-xiii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[16]Edgerton,&nbsp;<em>The Shock of the Old<\/em>, p. xi. \u672c\u6587\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u5c0f\u8bf4\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5c06\u672c\u6587\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u6587\u5b66\u4e0e\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u52a0\u4ee5\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e5f\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u548c\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[17]\u6b63\u5982\u57c3\u6770\u987f\u6240\u9610\u660e\uff0c\u201c20\u4e16\u7eaa\u6280\u672f\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u7535\u529b\u3001&#8230;&#8230;\u6838\u80fd\u3001\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u548c\u907f\u5b55\u836f\u201d\uff0c\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u201c\u4eba\u529b\u8f66\u3001&#8230;&#8230;\u7f1d\u7eab\u673a\u3001&#8230;&#8230;\u6ef4\u6ef4\u6d95\u3001\u94fe\u952f\u548c\u7535\u51b0\u7bb1\u201d(Edgerton,&nbsp;<em>The Shock of the Old<\/em>, p. xii)\u3002\u6211\u5e0c\u671b\u6709\u671d\u4e00\u65e5\u80fd\u62d3\u5c55\u672c\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u5305\u62ec\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u8003\u5bdf\u4e2d\u6211\u4e5f\u501f\u7528\u4e86\u57c3\u6770\u987f\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49:\u201c\u4fe1\u606f\u6280\u672f\u201d\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5305\u62ec\u7535\u8111\u548c\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u201c\u7535\u62a5\u3001\u7535\u8bdd\u3001\u6536\u97f3\u673a\u548c\u7535\u89c6\u673a\u201d(xvi)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[18]\u8bd1\u8005\u6309:\u672c\u6587\u591a\u5904\u63d0\u53ca\u201c\u58f0\u8a89\u5353\u8457\u7684\u201d\u5c0f\u8bf4(prestigious novels\u6216novels of prestige)\uff0c\u6307\u4e0e\u901a\u4fd7\u5c0f\u8bf4\u76f8\u6bd4\u6587\u5b66\u6027\u66f4\u5f3a\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u3002\u4e3a\u884c\u6587\u6d41\u7545\u8ba1\uff0c\u540e\u6587\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u8bd1\u4f5c\u201c\u4e25\u8083\u5c0f\u8bf4\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[19]\u5173\u4e8e\u6280\u672f\u521b\u65b0\u4e0e\u6587\u5b66\u2014\u5386\u53f2\u5206\u671f\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u53c2\u89c1:Lisa Gitelman\u201c, Ages, Epochs, Media,\u201d<em>On Periodization: Selected Essays from the English Institute<\/em>, ed. Virginia Jackson, English Institute, 2010, https:\/\/www. fulcrum.org\/epubs\/ws859g78b?locale=en#\/6\/2[cover]!\/4\/4\/1:0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[20]Krishan Kumar, Herbert Tucker\u201c, Introduction,\u201d<em>Writ Large<\/em>, special issue of&nbsp;<em>New Literary History<\/em>, vol. 48, no. 4, 2017, pp. 609\u2013616.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[21]Franco Moretti,&nbsp;<em>Distant Reading<\/em>, London: Verso Books, 2013, pp. 66-67.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[22]\u8fd8\u53ef\u53c2\u9605\u5e03\u65af\u5bf9\u201c\u4e2d\u8303\u56f4\u9605\u8bfb\u201d(Alison Booth,\u201cMid-Range Reading: Not a Manifesto,\u201d<em>PMLA<\/em>, vol. 123, no. 3, May 2017, pp. 620-627)\u548c\u5723\u963f\u7a46\u5c14\u5173\u4e8e\u201c\u4e2d\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4eba\u6587\u5206\u6790\u201d(Paul Saint-Amour,\u201cThe Medial Humanities: Toward a Manifesto for Meso-Analysis,\u201d<em>Modernism\/Modernity<\/em>,\u201cWhat Is the Scale of the&nbsp;<em>Literary Object?<\/em>,\u201ded. Rebecca L. Walkowitz, vol. 3, cycle 4, February 1, 2019, doi.org\/10.26597\/mod.0092) \u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[23]Mark Algee-Hewitt, Mark McGurl\u201c, Between Canon and Corpus: Six Perspectives on Twentieth-Century Novels,\u201d<em>Literary Lab pamphlet&nbsp;<\/em>8, January, 2015, p. 2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[24]Algee-Hewitt, McGurl,\u201cBetween Canon and Corpus,\u201dpp. 6-7.\u8fd9\u4e00\u6587\u672c\u5e93\u5305\u542b356\u90e8\u5c0f\u8bf4\uff0c\u65e2\u5305\u62ec\u5404\u79cd\u201c20\u4e16\u7eaa100\u90e8\u6700\u4f73\u5c0f\u8bf4\u201d\u5217\u8868(\u5982\u73b0\u4ee3\u56fe\u4e66\u9986(Modern Library)\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u699c\u5355\u3001\u73b0\u4ee3\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u8bfb\u8005\u9009\u62e9\u699c\u5355\u548c\u6279\u8bc4\u89c6\u89d2\u7684\u62c9\u5fb7\u514b\u91cc\u592b\u51fa\u7248\u8bfe\u7a0b(Radcliffe Publishing Course)\u699c\u5355)\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec20\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u5e74\u5ea6\u7545\u9500\u4e66\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u524a\u51cf\u6700\u7ec8\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u4e66\u76ee\u4e2d\u767d\u4eba\u7537\u6027\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u963f\u5c14\u6770-\u4f11\u4f0a\u7279\u548c\u9ea6\u683c\u5c14\u8fd8\u6839\u636e<em>MELUS<\/em>(<em>Multi-Ethnic Literature of the United States<\/em>)\u6742\u5fd7\u7f16\u8f91\u90e8\u3001\u540e\u6b96\u6c11\u7814\u7a76\u534f\u4f1a(Postcolonial Studies Association)\u6210\u5458\u548c\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u51fa\u7248\u793e(Feminist Press)\u7f16\u8f91\u90e8\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u589e\u6dfb\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[25]\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u59cb\u4e8e\u5bf9\u5305\u542b\u5404\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u5185\u5bb9(\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u53d9\u4e8b\u4e2d\u5b9e\u9645\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u8fd8\u662f\u6bd4\u55bb\u6027\u7684)\u7684\u7bc7\u7ae0\u7684\u9605\u8bfb\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u5927\u6279\u76f8\u5173\u8bcd\u6c47\u7684\u6536\u96c6\u3002\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u6211\u4f7f\u7528\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5728\u6587\u672c\u5e93\u5bf9\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\u6c47\u8fdb\u884c\u641c\u7d22\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u76f8\u5173\u7bc7\u7ae0\u8fdb\u884c\u4eba\u5de5\u68c0\u67e5\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u8ba4\u7ed3\u679c\u5e76\u6392\u9664\u4efb\u4f55\u5047\u9633\u6027\u7684\u6216\u662f\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u50cf\u201c\u4ed6\u62e8\u4e86\u5979\u7684\u53f7\u7801\uff0c\u7ed9\u5979\u6253\u4e86\u7535\u8bdd\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6302\u65ad\u201d\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u65e0\u7591\u8868\u660e\u7535\u8bdd\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u6709\u201c\u7535\u8bdd\u201d(phone)\u548c\u201c\u62e8\u4e86\u201d(dialed)\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u8bcd\u624d\u660e\u786e\u6307\u5411\u5176\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53e5\u5b50\u5c31\u662f\u53cd\u4f8b:\u201c\u5728\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6234\u5c14(Dial)\u5148\u751f\u88ab\u51a0\u4ee5(called)\u8bb8\u591a(a number of)\u6076\u540d\uff0c\u591a\u5f97\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u90fd\u8bb0\u4e0d\u5168(pick up)\u3002\u201d\u50cf\u5c4f\u5e55(screen)\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bcd\u4e5f\u88ab\u53bb\u6389\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b83\u80fd\u53ef\u9760\u5730\u6307\u5411\u6d89\u53ca\u6280\u672f\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6(\u81f3\u5c11\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u662f\u5982\u6b64)\uff0c\u5374\u4f1a\u6a21\u7cca\u79cd\u79cd\u5206\u79bb\u5668\u4ef6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\u5f97\u5230\u5e76\u5728\u672c\u6b21\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6280\u672f\u53ca\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u8bcd\u6c47\u5982\u4e0b:\u6536\u97f3\u673a(radio[s]\u3001broadcaster[s])\u3001\u7535\u89c6(televeision[s]\u3001TV[s])\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a(computer[s]\u3001laptop[s])\u548c\u4e92\u8054\u7f51(Internet\u3001cyberspace\u3001website[s]\u3001online\u3001e[-] mail[s])\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u590d\u5236\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u8de8\u65f6\u671f\u3001\u8de8\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u8de8\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[26]Susan Brower, Steven Ruggles,\u201cHouseholds, by Race and Sex of Householder and Household Type, 1850-1990,\u201dTable Ae1-28,&nbsp;<em>Historical Statistics of the United States, Earliest Times to the Present: Millennial Edition<\/em>, eds. Susan B. Carter et al., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006, hsus.cambridge.org\/ HSUSWeb\/toc\/tableToc.do?id=Ae1-28; Alexander J. Field\u201c, Radio and Television-Stations, Sets Produced, and HouseholdswithSets,1921-2000,\u201dTableDg117-130,<em>HistoricalStatisticsoftheUnitedStates,Earliest Times to the Present: Millennial Edition<\/em>, eds. Susan B. Carter et al., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006, hsus.cambridge.org\/HSUSWeb\/toc\/tableToc.do?id=Dg117-130; Gavin Wright\u201c, Purchases of Computers, by Type, 19551995,\u201dTable Cg241-250,&nbsp;<em>Historical Statistics of the United States, Earliest Times to the Present:Millennial Edition<\/em>, eds. Susan B. Carter et al., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006, hsus.cambridge.org\/HSUSWeb\/toc\/tableToc.do?id=Cg241-250;\u201cIndividuals Using the Internet (% of Population),\u201d<em>The World Bank<\/em>, World Bank Group, 2019, data.worldbank .org\/indicator\/IT.NET.USER.ZS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[27]\u4e3a\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\u5ef6\u8fdf\u6240\u6307\u5411\u7684\u7f3a\u5e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5728\u6b64\u5c06\u4fe1\u606f\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e8c\u5143\u72b6\u6001:\u7279\u5b9a\u6280\u672f\u8981\u4e48\u5728\u67d0\u90e8\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u6ca1\u6709\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e00\u90e8\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u6536\u97f3\u673a\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u548c\u4e00\u90e8\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5bf9\u6536\u97f3\u673a\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5e76\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c(\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u5728\u591a\u5904\u5df2\u6709\u8bc1\u660e)\u3002\u6216\u8bb8\u5c06\u6765\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u672c\u6587\u6570\u636e\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u8bb0\u5f55\u4fe1\u606f\u6280\u672f\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u6e17\u900f\u7a0b\u5ea6\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u6570\u636e\u52a0\u4ee5\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[28]\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u6536\u97f3\u673a\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u63d0\u53ca\u8fd9\u9879\u6280\u672f\u7684\u9891\u7387\u540c\u6837\u4e0b\u964d\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[29]\u5173\u4e8e\u6536\u97f3\u673a\u6280\u672f\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u53f2\uff0c\u53c2\u89c1:Todd Avery,&nbsp;<em>Radio Modernism: Literature, Ethics, and the BBC, 1922- 1938<\/em>, Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing, 2006\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[30]\u6b64\u5904\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u5ef6\u8fdf\u5f62\u6001\u4e0e\u6770\u59ec\u00b7\u82ac\u6069(Jackie Fenn)\u548c\u9a6c\u514b\u00b7\u62c9\u65af\u57fa\u8bfa(Mark Raskino)\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u201c\u6280\u672f\u6210\u719f\u5ea6\u66f2\u7ebf\u201d(hype cycle)\u53ca\u5176\u5305\u542b\u7684\u201c\u6280\u672f\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u7684\u4e94\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u9636\u6bb5\u201d\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u60ca\u4eba\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u6211\u5728\u6b64\u8981\u5411\u6307\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u7684\u57c3\u91cc\u514b\u00b7\u5f17\u96f7\u5fb7\u7eb3(Erik Fredner)\u8868\u793a\u8c22\u610f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[31]Mark Goble,&nbsp;<em>Beautiful Circuits<\/em>, pp. 13-14.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[32]Aldous Huxley,&nbsp;<em>Brave New World<\/em>, 1932, New York: Perennial Classics, 1998, p. 155.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[33]Cecelia Tichi,&nbsp;<em>Electronic Hearth: Creating an American Television Culture<\/em>, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991, p. 4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[34]Tichi,&nbsp;<em>Electronic Hearth<\/em>, p. 187.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[35]Tichi,&nbsp;<em>Electronic Hearth<\/em>, pp. 143-150.\u4f8b\u89c1\u300a\u767d\u566a\u97f3\u300b(Don DeLillo,&nbsp;<em>White Noise<\/em>, 1985, New York: Penguin, 2016)\u7b2c167\u9875\u3001\u300a\u5929\u79e4\u300b(Don DeLillo,&nbsp;<em>Libra<\/em>, New York: Viking, 1988)\u7b2c324\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[36]Pierre Bourdieu,&nbsp;<em>The Rules of Art: Genesis and Structure of the Literary Field<\/em>, translated by Susan Emanuel, Palo Alto: Stanford University Press, 1995, p. 121.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[37]Bourdieu,&nbsp;<em>The Rules of Art<\/em>, pp. 217-218.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[38]\u5a01\u5c14\u80af\u65af\u5bf9\u6b64\u6709\u5982\u4e0b\u63d0\u9192:\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u5728\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u201c\u81ea\u6211\u5f3a\u5316\u201d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u6587\u672c\u9009\u62e9\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e5f\u5e76\u975e\u6ca1\u6709\u504f\u89c1\u6216\u968f\u610f\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[39]\u4e0e\u963f\u5c14\u5409-\u4f11\u4f0a\u7279\u548c\u9ea6\u683c\u5c14\u7684\u201c\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u201d\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u82cf\u771f\u3001\u6717\u548c\u7f57\u5170\u7684\u7b5b\u9009\u539f\u5219\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u4ee5WorldCat\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6807\u51c6\u88ab\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u201c\u6536\u85cf\u6700\u591a\u201d\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4(\u201c1880\u5e74\u81f32000\u5e74\u95f4\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u201d)\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u6587\u672c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u6587\u672c\u5e93\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u4ecd\u7136\u8ba9\u4eba\u6709\u559c\u6709\u5fe7:\u5b83\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u5c0f\u8bf4\u91c7\u6837\u8303\u56f4\u8d85\u8fc7\u65af\u5766\u798f\u6587\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u6587\u672c\u5e93\u768425\u500d;\u8fd9\u6837\u5927\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u4e3a\u5176\u51c6\u786e\u63cf\u8ff0\u6784\u6210\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u9274\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u88ab\u5168\u56fd\u5404\u5730\u7684\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u6536\u85cf\uff0c\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5e7f\u5927\u7684\u672a\u8bfb\u201d\u672a\u514d\u4e0d\u667a\uff0c\u4f46\u5047\u8bbe\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u88ab\u9605\u8bfb\u6700\u591a\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e5f\u540c\u6837\u611a\u8822\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u5bf9\u901a\u4fd7\u5c0f\u8bf4\u548c\u4e25\u8083\u5c0f\u8bf4\u8fdb\u884c\u6709\u6548\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff0c\u6211\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u4e00\u6279\u53d7\u5173\u6ce8\u7a0b\u5ea6\u9ad8\u5f97\u591a\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u6587\u672c\u5e93\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u53c2\u89c1\u82cf\u771f\u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0(Richard Jean So et al.\u201c, Race, Writing, and Computation: Racial Difference and the US Novel, 1880\u2013 2000,\u201d<em>The Journal of Cultural Analytics<\/em>, January 11, 2019, culturalanalytics.org\/2019\/01\/race- writing-and-computation-racial-difference-and-the-us-novel -1880-2000\/)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[40]\u53c2\u89c1:James F. English,&nbsp;<em>The Economy of Prestige: Prizes, Awards, and the Circulation of Cultural Value<\/em>, Cambridge: HarvardUniversityPress,2005;JamesF.English\u201c, Now,NotNow:CountingTimeinContemporaryFictionStudies,\u201d&nbsp;<em>Modern Language Quarterly<\/em>, vol. 77, no. 3, 2016, pp. 395-418\u3002\u6574\u4e2a20\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u7545\u9500\u4e66\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u6709\u8d44\u6599\u53ef\u67e5\uff0c\u4f46\u5173\u4e8e\u83b7\u5956\u4f5c\u54c1\u548c\u5165\u56f4\u5956\u9879\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u91c7\u96c6\u4e861955\u5e74\u81f32000\u5e74\u95f4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u6587\u672c\u5e93\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u56fd\u5bb6\u56fe\u4e66\u5956\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e66\u8bc4\u4eba\u534f\u4f1a\u5956\u3001\u666e\u5229\u7b56\u5956\u548c\u5e03\u514b\u5956\u7684\u5165\u56f4\u540d\u5355\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u7167\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[41]\u53c2\u89c1:J.D.Porter\u201c, Popularity\/Prestige,\u201d<em>LiteraryLabpamphlet<\/em>17,2018;TedUnderwood,<em>DistantHorizons: Digital Evidence and Literary Change<\/em>, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2019, pp. 68-110\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[42]English,&nbsp;<em>The Economy of Prestige<\/em>, p. 25.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[43]Underwood,&nbsp;<em>Distant Horizons<\/em>, p.73.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[44]\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u6279\u9ad8\u79d1\u6280\u201c\u9f20\u515a\u201d(\u201crat pack\u201d)\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u4f8b\u89c1\u52d2\u514b\u83b1\u5c14(Tom LeClair,&nbsp;<em>In the Loop: Don DeLillo and the Systems Novel<\/em>, Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 1987)\u3001\u9ea6\u514b\u6d77\u5c14(Brian McHale,&nbsp;<em>Postmodernist Fiction<\/em>, 1987, New York: Routledge, 1996)\u3001\u5854\u6bd4(Joseph Tabbi,&nbsp;<em>Postmodern Sublime: Technology and American Writing from Mailer to Cyberpunk<\/em>, New York: Cornell University Press, 1995)\u548c\u7ea6\u7ff0\u65af\u987f(John Johnston,&nbsp;<em>Information Multiplicity: American Fiction in the Age of Media Saturation<\/em>, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[45]\u5b89\u5fb7\u4f0d\u5fb7\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5728\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u9886\u57df\u53c2\u4e0e\u53d6\u6837\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u90fd\u5efa\u57fa\u4e8e\u6b63\u5178\u4e4b\u6218\u7684\u903b\u8f91:\u201c\u5f53\u6b63\u5178\u5730\u4f4d\u6210\u7591\u65f6\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u5982\u4f55\u786e\u5b9a\u4e00\u4efd\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u4e66\u5355\u7684\u6597\u4e89\u5c31\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u5176\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u56e0\u662f\u4e66\u5355\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u6709\u9650\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6709\u9650\u6027\u8feb\u4f7f\u5404\u79cd\u6587\u96c6\u548c\u8bfe\u7a0b\u5927\u7eb2\u5bf9\u8fc7\u53bb\u52a0\u4ee5\u8fc7\u6ee4\uff0c\u7b5b\u9009\u51fa\u4e00\u7ec4\u6392\u4ed6\u7684\u6587\u672c\u3002\u5728\u5982\u6b64\u5c40\u4fc3\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u5185\uff0c\u6279\u8bc4\u5bb6\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6e38\u620f\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u573a\u96f6\u548c\u535a\u5f08\u3002\u201d\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u7814\u7a76\u5219\u4e0e\u6b64\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u9700\u4e3a\u8fc7\u53bb\u786e\u5b9a\u4e00\u4efd\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u4f5c\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u5b57\u4e66\u5e93\u6613\u4e8e\u62c6\u5206\uff0c\u4e5f\u6613\u4e8e\u8c03\u6574\u201d\u3002(Underwood,&nbsp;<em>Distant Horizons<\/em>, pp. 176-177.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[46]\u6b64\u5904\u53ca\u4e0b\u6587\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u201c\u83b7\u5956\u4f5c\u54c1\u201d\u548c\u201c\u83b7\u5956\u201d\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7b80\u79f0\uff0c\u4ee3\u6307\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u66fe\u7ecf\u8d62\u5f97\u4e3b\u8981\u6587\u5b66\u5956\u9879\u6216\u662f\u5165\u56f4\u4e3b\u8981\u6587\u5b66\u5956\u9879\u8bc4\u9009\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5206\u7c7b\u6709\u660e\u786e\u7684\u8fb9\u754c(\u4f46\u5e76\u975e\u6ca1\u6709\u5f7c\u6b64\u91cd\u53e0)\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u7b80\u79f0\u6cd5\u4e5f\u610f\u5473\u7740\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u83b7\u5f97\u63d0\u540d\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e00\u90e8\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5f97\u4ee5\u5c01\u5723\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u5956\u9879\u4e0d\u5bb9\u5ffd\u89c6\u7684\u201c\u8ba4\u8bc1\u201d\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u53c2\u89c1\u66fc\u8c22\u5c14\u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0(Alexander Manshel et al.\u201c, Who Cares about Literary Prizes?,\u201d<em>Public Books<\/em>, September 3, 2019, www.publicbooks .org\/who-cares-about-literary-prizes\/)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[47]\u4ece1955\u5e74\u52302000\u5e74\uff0c\u6709621\u90e8\u5c0f\u8bf4\u83b7\u5f97\u56fd\u5bb6\u56fe\u4e66\u5956\u3001\u666e\u5229\u7b56\u5956\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e66\u8bc4\u4eba\u534f\u4f1a\u5956\u548c\u5e03\u514b\u5956\u7684\u63d0\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[48]English\u201c, Now, Not Now,\u201dp. 403.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[49]Tichi,&nbsp;<em>Electronic Hearth<\/em>, pp. 175-180.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[50]Tichi,&nbsp;<em>Electronic Hearth<\/em>, p.187<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[51]\u8fd9\u4e00\u5206\u5316\u73b0\u8c61\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u9879\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u786e\u8ba4\u3002\u8be5\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u65af\u5766\u798f\u6587\u672c\u5e93\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c06\u7545\u9500\u4e66\u6392\u9664\u5728\u5916\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5e93\u3002\u4e0e\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u6587\u672c\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5728\u6d89\u53ca\u6280\u672f(\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u7535\u89c6\u3001\u7535\u8111\u548c\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7b49\u6280\u672f)\u5728\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u4fd7\u5c0f\u8bf4\u548c\u83b7\u5956\u5c0f\u8bf4\u57281980\u5e74\u4ee3\u5f00\u59cb\u5206\u5316\uff0c\u5230\u4e861990\u5e74\u4ee3\u66f4\u662f\u8d70\u5411\u4e86\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[52]\u53e6\u4e00\u6279\u5305\u62ec1953\u5e74\u81f32000\u5e74\u95f4\u6240\u6709\u96e8\u679c\u5956\u548c\u661f\u4e91\u5956\u63d0\u540d\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\u8d85\u8fc71\/3\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u91c7\u6837\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0e\u6b64\u5904\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u503e\u5411\u5408\u6d41\u7684\u6709\u8da3\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u5728\u5bf9\u7535\u8111\u548c\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7b49\u65b0\u4fe1\u606f\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5438\u7eb3\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u79d1\u5e7b\u7c7b\u5956\u9879\u63d0\u540d\u4f5c\u54c1\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4e0e\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u6587\u672c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u6587\u672c\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u7545\u9500\u4e66\u7c7b\u4f3c\u2014\u2014\u540e\u8005\u5728\u6570\u91cf\u4e0a\u5927\u5927\u8d85\u8fc7\u540c\u4e00\u6587\u672c\u5e93\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6280\u672f\u7684\u83b7\u5956\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u76f8\u5bf9\uff0c\u8bf8\u5982\u7535\u62a5\u3001\u6536\u97f3\u673a\u548c\u7535\u89c6\u7b49\u8ba9\u4eba\u66f4\u4e3a\u719f\u6089\u3001\u4e0d\u90a3\u4e48\u201c\u8ba4\u77e5\u964c\u751f\u5316\u201d\u7684\u6280\u672f\u5728\u79d1\u5e7b\u7c7b\u5956\u9879\u63d0\u540d\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u51e0\u7387\u8fdc\u4f4e\u4e8e\u5728\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u6587\u672c\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u7545\u9500\u4e66\u5b50\u6587\u672c\u5e93\u6216\u83b7\u5956\u4f5c\u54c1\u5b50\u6587\u672c\u5e93\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u51e0\u7387\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u79d1\u5e7b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5bf9\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7684\u8868\u73b0\uff0c\u6731\u79c0\u82f1\u6709\u66f4\u5168\u9762\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0(Seo-Young Chu,&nbsp;<em>Do Metaphors Dream of Literal Sleep?<\/em>, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2010)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[53]Jay Clayton\u201c, Convergence of the Two Cultures: A Geek&#8217;s Guide to Contemporary Literature,\u201d<em>American Literature<\/em>, vol. 74, no. 4, 2002, p. 808.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[54]Kathleen Fitzpatrick,&nbsp;<em>The Anxiety of Obsolescence: The American Novel in the Age of Television<\/em>, Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press, 2006, pp. 17-18.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[55]Fitzpatrick,&nbsp;<em>The Anxiety of Obsolescence<\/em>, p. 230.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[56]Seo-Young Chu,&nbsp;<em>Do Metaphors Dream of Literal Sleep?<\/em>, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2010, p. 129. \u5173\u4e8e1990\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u53c2\u89c1:Wendy Hui Kyong Chun,&nbsp;<em>Control and Freedom: Power and Paranoia in the Age of Fiber Optics<\/em>, Cambridge: MIT Press, 2006;Jay David Bolter, Richard Grusin,&nbsp;<em>Remediation: Understanding New Media<\/em>, Cambridge: MIT Press, 1999;Thomas Streeter\u201c, The Moment of Wired,\u201d<em>Critical Inquiry<\/em>, vol. 31, no. 4, 2005, pp. 755\u2013779\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[57]Edgerton,&nbsp;<em>The Shock of the Old<\/em>, p. 184.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[58]Patricia Cornwell,&nbsp;<em>Unnatural Exposure<\/em>, Berkley: Berkley Books, 1997, p. 108.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[59]Cornwell,&nbsp;<em>Unnatural Exposure<\/em>, p. 140.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[60]\u6211\u5728\u6b64\u611f\u8c22\u5b8b\u6167\u6148(Wai Chee Dimock)\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u8054\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[61]Cornwell,&nbsp;<em>Unnatural Exposure<\/em>, p. 139.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[62]Cornwell,&nbsp;<em>Unnatural Exposure<\/em>, p. 111.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[63]\u4e0e\u5df4\u5c14\u7279\u7684\u6c14\u538b\u8868\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u5eb7\u97e6\u5c14\u7684Performa 6116CD\u201c\u4e5f\u53ea\u8bf4\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd:(\u6211\u5373)\u771f\u5b9e\u201d(Roland Barthes,&nbsp;<em>The Rustle of Language<\/em>, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989, p. 148)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[64]English\u201c, Now, Not Now,\u201dpp. 407-408.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[65]Don DeLillo,&nbsp;<em>Underworld<\/em>, Southern Pines: Scribner, 1997, p. 825.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[66]DeLillo,&nbsp;<em>Underworld<\/em>, p. 808.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[67]DeLillo,&nbsp;<em>Underworld<\/em>, p. 825.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[68]\u5173\u4e8e\u5fb7\u5229\u6d1b\u7684\u201c\u6280\u672f\u5d07\u9ad8\u201d\uff0c\u53c2\u89c1:Tabbi,&nbsp;<em>Postmodern Sublime<\/em>, 1995\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[69]English\u201c, Now, Not Now,\u201dp. 396.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[70]English\u201c, Now, Not Now,\u201dp. 408.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[71]\u8fd9\u79cd\u523a\u773c\u7684\u7f3a\u5e2d\u73b0\u8c61\u6ca1\u6709\u9003\u8fc7\u6587\u5b66\u8bb0\u8005\u7684\u773c\u775b\u3002\u4f8b\u89c1\u5409\u5e03\u68ee(Allison K. Gibson,\u201cHe Hit Send: On the Awkward but Necessary Role of Technology in Fiction,\u201d<em>The Millions<\/em>, August 8, 2012, www.themillions. com\/2012\/08\/ he-hit-send-on-the-awkward-but-necessary-role-of -technology-in-fiction.html)\u3001\u897f\u5c14\u5f17\u66fc(JacobSilverman\u201c, ScreenPlay:FictionabouttheInternetFumblestowardEloquence,\u201d<em>TheNewRepublic<\/em>, June 20, 2013, www.newrepublic.com\/article\/113418\/note-self-and-more-you-ignore-me-reviewed-jacob- silverman)\u548c\u7c73\u52d2(Laura Miller\u201c, How Novels Came to Terms with the Internet,\u201d<em>The Guardian<\/em>, January 14 , 2011, www.theguardian .com\/books\/2011\/jan\/15\/novels-internet-laura-miller)\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u3002\u540e\u8005\u6709\u5982\u4e0b\u8bc4\u8bba:\u201c\u524d\u4e9b\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f8e\u56fd\u6587\u5b66\u5956\u9879\u8bc4\u9605\u4f5c\u54c1\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4e3a\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5165\u56f4\u4f5c\u54c1\u7aed\u529b\u56de\u907f(\u8868\u73b0\u5f53\u4ee3\u6280\u672f\u7684)\u6311\u6218\u800c\u6df1\u611f\u60ca\u8bb6\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[72]Walter Benjamin\u201c, The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction,\u201d<em>Illuminations<\/em>, translated by Harry Zohn, 1968, New York: Schocken Books, 2007, p. 233.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[73]\u5173\u4e8e\u5f53\u4ee3\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u5eb8\u5e38\u201d\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u53c2\u89c1\u4e01\u5ae9:\u201c\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u5eb8\u5e38\u4e0d\u4ec5\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u6570\u5b57\u5a92\u4f53\u53ef\u80fd\u751f\u4ea7\u5eb8\u5e38\u6587&nbsp;\u5316\u6216\u5f15\u8d77\u5eb8\u5e38\u4e4b\u611f\u7684\u72b6\u51b5\uff0c\u8fd8\u786e\u8ba4\u4e86\u2018\u5eb8\u5e38\u2019\u4e0e\u2018\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u2019\u672c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4f53\u2014\u2014\u6570\u5b57\u5a92\u4f53\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u5eb8\u5e38\u7684\u3002\u201d(Zara Dinnen,&nbsp;<em>The Digital Banal: New Media and American Literature and Culture<\/em>, New York: Columbia University Press, 2018, p. 11.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[74]\u4ece2001\u5e74\u52302018\u5e74\uff0c203\u90e8\u83b7\u5f97\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5956\u9879\u63d0\u540d\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\u6709153\u90e8\u5c06\u80cc\u666f\u8bbe\u5b9a\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[75]Elif Batuman,&nbsp;<em>The Idiot<\/em>, New York: Penguin Books, 2017, p. 4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[76]\u5df4\u56fe\u66fc\u7684\u300a\u767d\u75f4\u300b\u662f\u4f17\u591a\u5c06\u80cc\u666f\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e3a\u4e0d\u4e45\u524d\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u5e76\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u768421\u4e16\u7eaa\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4f8b\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u54c1\u94a6\u7684\u300a\u5c16\u7aef\u300b(<em>Bleeding Edge<\/em>, 2013)\u3001\u83b1\u745f\u59c6\u7684\u300a\u6162\u6027\u57ce\u5e02\u300b(<em>Chronic City<\/em>, 2009)\u3002\u5728\u5199\u7ed9\u540c\u4e3a\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5bb6\u7684\u6234\u7ef4\u00b7\u76d6\u8328(David Gates)\u7684\u4e00\u5c01\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u83b1\u745f\u59c6\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u8fd9\u90e8\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u51b3\u201c\u5199\u51fa\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5bfc\u81f4(\u4e66\u4e2d\u4eba\u7269\u7684)\u5e74\u4ee3\u88ab\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u201d\u7684\u201c\u611a\u8822\u65b9\u6848\u201d:\u201c\u6211\u7ed9(\u4ed6\u4eec)\u4e00\u53f0\u8c03\u5236\u89e3\u8c03\u5668\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u6240\u6709\u6d89\u53ca\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u660e\u663e\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u590d\u53e4\u7684\u7b28\u62d9\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u4ed6\u4eec\u88ab\u7262\u7262\u2018\u786e\u5b9a\u5e74\u4ee3\u2019\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u4e0d\u77e5\u60c5\u7684\u4ed6\u4eec\u63a8\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u88ab\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e60\u4ee5\u4e3a\u5e38\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u2018\u672a\u6765\u2019\u3002\u201d\u5173\u4e8e\u5bf9\u5c06\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u865a\u6784\u5316\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u53c2\u89c1:Alexander Manshel,\u201cThe Rise of the Recent Historical Novel,\u201d<em>Post45<\/em>, September 29, 2017, post45.research.yale .edu\/2017\/09\/the-rise-of-the-recent-historical-novel\/)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[77]Batuman\u201c, Elif Batuman on Her New (Old) Novel,&nbsp;<em>The Idiot<\/em>,\u201dInterview by Henri Lipton,&nbsp;<em>Columbia Journal<\/em>, June 13, 2017, columbiajournal.org\/elif-batuman -new-old-novel-idiot\/.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[78]\u838e\u58eb\u6bd4\u4e9a\u300a\u54c8\u59c6\u96f7\u7279\u300b\u7b2c\u4e09\u5e55\u7b2c\u4e00\u573a\u7b2c124\u2014125\u884c(Shakespeare,&nbsp;<em>Hamlet<\/em>, 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