{"id":14631,"date":"2022-01-24T14:13:00","date_gmt":"2022-01-24T06:13:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/?p=14631"},"modified":"2024-04-04T01:29:19","modified_gmt":"2024-04-03T17:29:19","slug":"%e9%a1%b5%e9%9d%a2%e5%9b%be%e5%83%8f%ef%bc%9a%e9%80%9a%e5%be%80%e6%95%b0%e5%ad%97%e6%96%87%e6%a1%a3%e7%9a%84%e8%a7%86%e8%a7%89%e5%8e%86%e5%8f%b2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/site\/works\/dhjournal\/202103\/14631.html","title":{"rendered":"\u9875\u9762\u56fe\u50cf\uff1a\u901a\u5f80\u6570\u5b57\u6587\u6863\u7684\u89c6\u89c9\u5386\u53f2"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a \u5b89\u5fb7\u9c81\u00b7\u6d3e\u73c0   \u6c99\u5fb7\u00b7\u5a01\u5c14\u8499   \u9ed8\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7\u00b7\u8f66\u529b\u7279   \u9648\u5927\u9f99\uff08\u8bd1\uff09 \u8d75\u8587\uff08\u6821\uff09\uff1b\u8f6c\u81ea\uff1a\u516c\u4f17\u53f7 DH\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong><span style=\"color:#60569a\" class=\"has-inline-color\"><strong>\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8df5<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Di_3_Qi-1024x361.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-15013\" width=\"742\" height=\"262\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Di_3_Qi-1024x361.png 1024w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Di_3_Qi-300x106.png 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Di_3_Qi-768x271.png 768w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Di_3_Qi.png 1147w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 742px) 100vw, 742px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color\" style=\"color:#0071a1\"><strong>\u5b89\u5fb7\u9c81\u00b7\u6d3e\u73c0<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>\/&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u9ea6\u5409\u5c14\u5927\u5b66\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u6587\u5b66\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\u7cfb<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color\" style=\"color:#0071a1\"><strong>\u6c99\u5fb7\u00b7\u5a01\u5c14\u8499<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;\/&nbsp;\u7f8e\u56fd\u5f17\u5409\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u5fb7\u8bed\u8bed\u8a00\u4e0e\u6587\u5b66\u7cfb<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color\" style=\"color:#0071a1\"><strong>\u9ed8\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7\u00b7\u8f66\u529b\u7279<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;\/&nbsp;\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u5927\u5b66\u9ad8\u7b49\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u9662<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color\" style=\"color:#0071a1\"><strong>\u9648\u5927\u9f99\uff08\u8bd1\uff09&nbsp;\/&nbsp;\u6d59\u6c5f\u5927\u5b66\u56fd\u9645\u8054\u5408\u5b66\u9662<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color\" 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class=\"has-inline-color\">\u6458\u8981:<\/span><\/strong>\u201c\u6587\u6863\u56fe\u50cf\u5206\u6790\u201d\uff08DIA\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5177\u6709\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6027\u3001\u8f6c\u6362\u6027\u548c\u5076\u7136\u6027\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u5305\u62ec\u51fa\u9519\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u5728\u5bf9\u5386\u53f2\u6863\u6848\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\u5438\u6536\u4e86\u4e66\u7c4d\u53f2\u548c\u4e66\u5fd7\u5b66\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u4ee5\u53ca\u5a92\u4ecb\u95f4\u6027\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u4ee5\u6587\u672c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ee5\u6574\u4e2a\u201c\u9875\u9762\u56fe\u50cf\u201d\u4e3a\u5206\u6790\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u4ee5\u8fd8\u539f\u539f\u521d\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u7248\u672c\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u6784\u5efa\u548c\u5206\u6790\u65b0\u7684\u9875\u9762\u8868\u5f81\uff0c\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u4e86\u89e3\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u6587\u6863\u56fe\u50cf\u5206\u6790\u53d1\u5c55\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u5305\u62ec\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\u3001\u5206\u5272\u3001\u7279\u5f81\u9009\u62e9\u3001\u673a\u5668\u8bad\u7ec3\u3001\u9884\u6d4b\u548c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5728\u5185\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u5206\u6790\u9875\u9762\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89c6\u89c9\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u6587\u7ae0\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e00\u5957\u65b9\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u5206\u6790\u811a\u6ce8\u572818\u4e16\u7eaa\u6587\u827a\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u56db\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6587\u6863\u4ee5\u53ca18\u81f319\u4e16\u7eaa\u6b27\u6d32\u4e94\u56fd\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u8bba\u6587\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5c55\u73b0\u4e86\u5b66\u79d1\u683c\u5c40\u7684\u65b0\u65f6\u4ee3\u3002\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u201c\u6587\u6863\u56fe\u50cf\u5206\u6790\u201d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f88\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><span style=\"color:#0071a1\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u5173\u952e\u8bcd:<\/span><\/strong>\u9875\u9762\u56fe\u50cf \u6587\u6863\u56fe\u50cf\u5206\u6790 \u4e66\u7c4d\u53f2 \u4e66\u5fd7\u5b66 \u77e5\u8bc6\u53f2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color\" style=\"color:#0071a1\">&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1991\u5e749\u670830\u65e5\uff0c\u903e200\u540d\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u96c6\u805a\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u5723\u9a6c\u6d1b\uff08Saint Malo\uff09\uff0c\u53ec\u5f00\u4e86\u53f2\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5173\u4e8e\u201c\u6587\u6863\u5206\u6790\u4e0e\u8bc6\u522b\u201d\u7684\u5927\u4f1a\u3002<sup>[1]<\/sup>\u8fd9\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bae\u6c47\u96c6\u4e86\u6765\u81ea\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u3002\u5728\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u5927\u7ea6\u5341\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u5728\u6162\u6162\u6539\u53d8\u81ea\u5df1\u5904\u7406\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u9875\u9762\u7684\u673a\u5668\u7406\u89e3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\u201c\u5149\u5b66\u5b57\u7b26\u8bc6\u522b\u201d\uff08Optical Character Recognition, OCR\uff09\u9886\u57df\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u662f\u201c\u5b57\u7b26\u201d\u548c\u201c\u8bc6\u522b\u201d\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4e0d\u518d\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u601d\u8003\u95ee\u9898\u4e86\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u9010\u6e10\u8f6c\u5411\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5177\u6574\u4f53\u6027\u548c\u5f62\u5f0f\u6027\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a\u7406\u89e3\u6574\u4e2a\u9875\u9762\u56fe\u50cf\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u6587\u6863\u56fe\u50cf\u5206\u6790\u201d\uff08Document Image Analysis, DIA\uff09\u7684\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u6452\u5f03\u4e86\u5b57\u6bcd\u6216\u8005\u6587\u672c\u662f\u56fe\u4e66\u9875\u9762\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u6240\u6307\u8fd9\u4e00\u666e\u904d\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u8f6c\u800c\u5173\u6ce8\u9875\u9762\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\u7684\u89c6\u89c9\u7279\u5f81\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e5f\u5373\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u79f0\u7684\u201c\u9875\u9762\u56fe\u50cf\u201d\uff08the page image\uff09\u3002\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7\u7eb3\u5409\uff08George Nagy\uff09\u5728\u8be5\u9886\u57df\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u7814\u7a76\u6982\u51b5\u4e2d\u5199\u5230\uff1a\u201c\u6587\u6863\u56fe\u50cf\u5206\u6790\u201d\u662f\u201c\u6062\u590d\u7531\u7eb8\u8d28\u6750\u6599\u626b\u63cf\u5f97\u6765\u6216\u7531\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6240\u751f\u6210\u6570\u5b57\u56fe\u50cf\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002\u201d<sup>[2]<\/sup>DIA\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u628a\u9875\u9762\u56fe\u50cf\u8f6c\u5316\u6210\u4e86\u5206\u6790\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u6446\u8131\u4ee5\u6587\u672c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u9875\u9762\u7406\u89e3\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6587\u6863\u56fe\u50cf\u5206\u6790\u7814\u7a76\u4e3a\u601d\u8003\u56fe\u4e66\u9875\u9762\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u65b0\u601d\u8def\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u601d\u8def\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u4ee5\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6df1\u6df1\u690d\u6839\u4e8e\u4e66\u7c4d\u53f2\u3001\u4e66\u5fd7\u5b66\u548c\u6587\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5728\u201c\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\u201d\uff08NLP\uff09\u3001\u201c\u5149\u5b66\u5b57\u7b26\u8bc6\u522b\u201d\uff08OCR\uff09\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u201c\u6587\u672c\u6316\u6398\u201d\u7684\u5e4c\u5b50\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\u5904\u7406\u9875\u9762\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e00\u76f4\u6df1\u53d7\u4ee5\u6587\u672c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u5fc3\u6001\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u628a\u9875\u9762\u56fe\u50cf\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b9e\u73b0\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff08\u5f80\u5f80\u8fd8\u662f\u4e0d\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\uff09\uff0c\u628a\u9875\u9762\u56fe\u50cf\u5f53\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9014\u7ecf\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5f53\u4f5c\u672c\u8eab\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u5177\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4ece\u4eba\u8138\u8bc6\u522b\u5230\u62a5\u520a\u63d2\u56fe\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u201c\u56fe\u50cf\u5206\u6790\u201d\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u4e5f\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4fdd\u6301\u4e86\u6587\u672c\u2014\u56fe\u50cf\u7684\u5206\u9694\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5206\u9694\u957f\u671f\u652f\u914d\u7740\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\uff08stand-alone\uff09\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u51c6\u6587\u672c\u7684\u201c\u63d2\u56fe\u201d\uff0c\u56fe\u50cf\u90fd\u88ab\u89c6\u4f5c\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u6587\u672c\u7684\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u65b0\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f9d\u7136\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\u5b66\u79d1\u4e0a\u7684\u5206\u9694\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6b64\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5f3a\u5316\u4e86\u5728\u6587\u6863\u4e2d\u6587\u672c\u6027\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ee5\u6587\u672c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u6587\u6863\u8ba1\u7b97\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u601d\u8003\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5173\u4e8e\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u201c\u673a\u5668\u53ef\u8bfb\u201d\uff08\u4e0e\u201c\u673a\u5668\u53ef\u89c2\u5bdf\u201d\u76f8\u5bf9\uff09\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u8986\u76d6\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\uff0c\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0a\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u504f\u9887\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u4efb\u4f55\u8868\u8fbe\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u3001\u6765\u81ea\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u9875\u9762\u56fe\u50cf\u7684\u53ef\u7528\u6587\u672c\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u53ef\u9760\u5730\u8ffd\u6eaf\u523019\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e24\u5343\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e66\u5199\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u6389\u4e86\u3002\u7c7b\u4f3c\u5730\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6bcf\u5929\u90fd\u6709\u6539\u8fdb\uff0c\u4f46\u662fOCR\u6280\u672f\u4f9d\u7136\u504f\u7231\u975e\u5e38\u7279\u522b\u7684\u57fa\u4e8e\u7f57\u9a6c\u5b57\u7684\u5b57\u4f53\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u50cf\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6728\u7248\u5370\u5237\u8fd9\u6837\u975e\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u5370\u5237\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u624b\u5199\u672c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u975e\u5370\u5237\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5fb7\u56fd\u82b1\u4f53\u5b57\u8fd9\u6837\u533a\u57df\u6027\u7684\u4e0d\u62d8\u4e00\u683c\u7684\u5370\u5237\u4f20\u7edf\u7b49\uff0c\u90fd\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0e\u6280\u672f\u4ee5\u6587\u672c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u8fd9\u63a9\u76d6\u4e86\u6280\u672f\u4e2d\u4ecb\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\uff0c\u800c\u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u672f\u4e2d\u4ecb\u9996\u5148\u4ea7\u751f\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6570\u5b57\u6587\u6863\u3002\u745e\u6069\u00b7\u67ef\u4ee3\u5c14\uff08Ryan Cordell\uff09\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u7248\u672c\u6216\u5386\u53f2\u7248\u672c\u7684OCR\u7248\u672c\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u6210\u4e3a\u8be5\u6587\u672c\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u80cc\u666f\u201d\uff0c\u88ab\u6700\u521d\u7684\u5370\u5237\u54c1\uff08\u6216\u624b\u7a3f\uff09\u6240\u5904\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6761\u4ef6\u6240\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u3002<sup>[3]<\/sup>\u5c31\u50cf\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5370\u5237\u793e\u3001\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u4ee5\u53ca\u7ba1\u7406\u5370\u5237\u7248\u672c\u5916\u89c2\u548c\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u505a\u6cd5\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u88ab\u5149\u5b66\u5b57\u7b26\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u6587\u672c\u4e5f\u7c7b\u4f3c\u5730\u53d7\u5236\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u673a\u5668\u6216\u8005\u5236\u5ea6\u73af\u5883\u4ee5\u53ca\u4eba\u7684\u6821\u6b63\u3001\u6392\u7248\uff08\u201c\u6e05\u7406\u201d[cleaning]\uff09\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4ea7\u51fa\u3002\u7c7b\u4f3c\u5730\uff0c\u9a6c\u4fee\u00b7\u79d1\u5c14\u4ec0\u9c8d\u59c6\uff08Matthew Kirschenbaum\uff09\u4e5f\u5927\u529b\u4e3b\u5f20\u90a3\u4e9b\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u6570\u5b57\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u6587\u6863\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u4e5f\u53d7\u5236\u4e8e\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u786c\u4ef6\u3002<sup>[4]<\/sup>\u800c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u5728\u522b\u5904\u8bf4\u8fc7\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u7684\u9875\u9762\u56fe\u50cf\u4e0d\u5e94\u5f53\u88ab\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u666e\u904d\u7684\u3001\u975e\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\uff08disembodied\uff09\u3001\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u5730\u65b9\u4e3a\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u6240\u7528\u7684\uff1b\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u88ab\u5f53\u4f5c\u7269\u7406\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c42\u7d2f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u3001\u6d41\u901a\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3002<sup>[5]<\/sup>\u9875\u9762\u56fe\u50cf\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u505a\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff08a thing that does things\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5bf9\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u4ee3\u7684\u4e66\u5fd7\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u4e66\u7c4d\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u56f4\u7ed5\u7740\u9875\u9762\u7684\u89c6\u89c9\u548c\u7269\u7406\u7279\u8d28\u8fdb\u884c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5e76\u4e0d\u5947\u602a\u3002\u90a6\u59ae\u00b7\u9ea6\uff08Bonnie Mak\uff09\u7684\u4e66\u300a\u9875\u9762\u5982\u4f55\u91cd\u8981\u300b\uff08<em>How the Page Matters<\/em>\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u4e8e\u9875\u9762\u89c6\u89c9\u7ef4\u5ea6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u514b\u91cc\u65af\u591a\u592b\u00b7\u6587\u5fb7\u76d6\u7279\uff08Chirstoph Windg\u00e4tter\uff09\u7684\u300a\u5a92\u4ecb\u8f6c\u6362\u300b\u7814\u7a76\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u6d6a\u6f2b\u4e3b\u4e49\u65f6\u4ee3\u4e66\u5199\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u89c6\u89c9\u201c\u6e20\u9053\u5316\uff08channelization\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u6e20\u9053\u5316\u201d\u5bf9\u5176\u540e\u7684\u9605\u8bfb\u548c\u4e66\u5199\u5b9e\u8df5\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u6df1\u8fdc\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<sup>[6]<\/sup>\u52a0\u52d2\u7279\u00b7\u65af\u56fe\u5c14\u7279\uff08Garrett Stewart\uff09\u7684\u300a\u9605\u8bfb\u4e4b\u8c8c\u300b\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u51f8\u7248\u4e66\u5199\uff08writing in relief\uff09\u7684\u89c6\u89c9\u7279\u8d28\uff1a\u8fd9\u90e8\u5177\u6709\u5f00\u521b\u6027\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u89c6\u89c9\u827a\u672f\u4e2d\u4e66\u5199\u7684\u8868\u5f81\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u548c\u89c2\u770b\u8005\u627f\u8ba4\u4e66\u5199\u548c\u9605\u8bfb\u5177\u6709\u6311\u6218\u6027\u7684\u89c6\u89c9\u6027\u3002<sup>[7]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u501f\u9274\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u5373\u629b\u5f00\u4e86\u58f0\u97f3\u2014\u6587\u5b57\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u800c\u8f6c\u5411\u66f4\u52a0\u5173\u6ce8\u89c6\u89c9\u7684\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u91cd\u5851\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u4e66\u5199\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3002\u6c83\u5c14\u7279\u00b7\u7fc1\uff08Walter Ong\uff09\u5728\u5176\u9887\u5177\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u628a\u4e66\u5199\u5f53\u4f5c\u8131\u79bb\u53e3\u8ff0\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u800c\u4e0e\u5176\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u50cf\u897f\u6bd4\u5c14\u00b7\u514b\u83b1\u9ed8\uff08Sybille Kr\u00e4mer\uff09\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u5219\u8bd5\u56fe\u5f15\u8d77\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e66\u5199\u7684\u89c6\u89c9\u6f14\u53d8\u53ca\u5176\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u540e\u679c\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u3002<sup>[8]<\/sup>\u6b63\u5982\u739b\u62c9\u00b7\u7c73\u5c14\u65af\uff08Mara Mills\uff09\u5c55\u793a\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u5173\u6ce8\u9605\u8bfb\u3001\u89c6\u89c9\u969c\u788d\u4e0e\u5a92\u4ecb\u6280\u672f\u7684\u6f14\u53d8\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<sup>[9]<\/sup>\u7c7b\u4f3c\u5730\uff0c\u601d\u8003\u4e66\u5199\u7684\u89c6\u89c9\u7279\u8d28\uff0c\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u9605\u8bfb\u4e0e\u8ba4\u77e5\u969c\u788d\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e5f\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u3002<sup>[10]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0cDIA\u8ba1\u7b97\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u5f88\u591a\u91cd\u8981\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u8ddf\u5851\u9020\u4e86\u4e66\u7c4d\u53f2\u9886\u57df\u53ca\u5176\u90bb\u8fd1\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u79d1\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e00\u4e9b\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4fdd\u7f57\u00b7\u8d39\u592b\uff08Paul 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notation\uff09\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u8fd9\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u53ef\u89c1\u6027\u201d\uff08The Visibility of Knowledge\uff09\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6574\u5408\u4e66\u7c4d\u53f2\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u53f2\u548c\u6587\u6863\u56fe\u50cf\u5206\u6790\u7b49\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u7406\u89e3\u56fe\u5f62\u5316\u624b\u6bb5\u8fd0\u7528\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5174\u8da3\u300217\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u56fe\u5f62\u5316\u624b\u6bb5\u7684\u8fd0\u7528\u4e00\u76f4\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u4e3a\u5176\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u652f\u6301\u3002\u50cf\u4e9a\u5fb7\u91cc\u5b89\u00b7\u7ea6\u7ff0\u65af\uff08Adrian Johns\uff09\u3001\u4f0a\u4e3d\u838e\u767d\u00b7\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\uff08Elizabeth Eisenstein\uff09\u3001\u5b89\u00b7\u5e03\u83b1\u5c14\uff08Ann Blair\uff09\u7b49\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5b66\u8005\u6240\u8868\u660e\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c17\u4e16\u7eaa\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u5bf9\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u8981\u6c42\u662f\u4e0e\u5370\u5237\u5a92\u4ecb\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u3002<sup>[12]<\/sup>\u65b0\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u521b\u9020\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u5b9e\u9a8c\u548c\u5929\u8d4b\u7684\u6d1e\u5bdf\u529b\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u4ee5\u5370\u5237\u5f62\u5f0f\u5448\u73b0\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e0e\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5efa\u7acb\u65b0\u7684\u3001\u800c\u4e14\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u89c6\u89c9\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u968f\u7740\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u672f\u8bed\u4e0e\u65b9\u6cd5\u53d8\u5f97\u6108\u53d1\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u50cf\u4f7f\u7528\u811a\u6ce8\u3001\u8868\u683c\uff08tables\uff09\u3001\u56fe\u8868\uff08diagrams\uff09\u548c\u53c2\u8003\u56fe\u8868\uff08figures\uff09\u7b49\u56fe\u5f62\u5316\u624b\u6bb5\u7684\u8fd0\u7528\uff0c\u5728\u5efa\u7acb\u8bc1\u636e\u89c4\u8303\u65b9\u9762\u5c31\u6108\u53d1\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u3002\u811a\u6ce8\u5728\u89c6\u89c9\u4e0a\u5c06\u9875\u9762\u5206\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5411\u6587\u672c\u5916\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u548c\u89c2\u5bdf\uff08\u6b63\u6587\u90e8\u5206\uff09\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5219\u6307\u5411\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u865a\u62df\u7684\u7fa4\u843d\u3002<sup>[13]<\/sup>\u8868\u683c\u4f7f\u5f62\u5f0f\u8fe5\u5f02\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5728\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u8bdd\uff08\u8fd9\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u9875\u9762\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u51e0\u4f55\u503e\u5411\uff09\u3002\u56fe\u8868\u5219\u901a\u8fc7\u65b0\u7684\u89c6\u89c9\u7efc\u5408\uff0c\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6216\u6982\u5ff5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<sup>[14]<\/sup>\u6a21\u4eff\u6027\u63d2\u56fe\uff08mimetic illustration\uff09\u6216\u8005\u201c\u53c2\u8003\u56fe\u8868\u201d\uff08figures\uff09\u5c06\u8bfb\u8005\uff08\u56e0\u800c\u4e5f\u8fd8\u6709\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u540c\u884c\uff09\u5f15\u5bfc\u5230\u5171\u901a\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u548c\u89c2\u5bdf\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0a\u53bb\u3002<sup>[15]<\/sup>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c6\u89c9\u5143\u7d20\u5e76\u975e\u4ec5\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u8865\u5145\u6216\u8005\u79d1\u666e\u5316\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u5e2e\u52a9\u6784\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u89c6\u89c9\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4ec0\u4e48\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ee7\u7eed\u88ab\u7b97\u4f5c\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u5728\u5176\u53d1\u73b0\u3001\u5206\u6790\u548c\u8fa9\u62a4\u4e2d\u90fd\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u5173\u952e\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u76f4\u5230\u6700\u8fd1\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e00\u822c\u8fd8\u662f\u4f9d\u9760\u4eba\u5de5\u7b5b\u9009\u6587\u6863\u3002\u751a\u81f3\u8fde\u50cf\u6d1b\u5170\u00b7\u8fbe\u65af\u987f\uff08Lorraine Daston\uff09\u548c\u5f7c\u5f97\u00b7\u52a0\u91cc\u68ee\uff08Peter Galison\uff09\u5bf9\u201c\u5ba2\u89c2\u6027\u201d\uff08objectivity\uff09\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5927\u578b\u7efc\u5408\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4e5f\u90fd\u53d7\u5230\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u504f\u597d\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u9650\u5236\u3002<sup>[16]<\/sup>\u8bda\u7136\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e66\u9762\u7eaa\u5f55\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u8fdb\u884c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ec6\u5bc6\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u8fc7\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u5f97\u4ee5\u5bf9\u8fc7\u53bb\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u3001\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u5177\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u5f97\u4ee5\u6536\u96c6\u5230\u66f4\u591a\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u68c0\u9a8c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u3002\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u68c0\u9a8c\u5173\u4e8e\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u5178\u8303\u6027\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u624b\u5de5\u9009\u62e9\u4f8b\u5b50\u6765\u8bc1\u5b9e\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u5728\u76f8\u4fe1\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u5bf9\u8fc7\u53bb\u8fdb\u884c\u91c7\u6837\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u8bf4\u660e\u81ea\u5df1\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u548c\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u504f\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u201c\u89c4\u6a21\u201d\uff08scale\uff09\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u51e0\u5e74\u4e2d\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u5851\u9020\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6982\u5ff5\u4e4b\u4e00\u4e86\u3002<sup>[17]<\/sup>\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u501f\u52a9\u4e8e\u89c4\u6a21\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u5e94\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u6ed1\u5411\u900f\u660e\u6027\u7684\u4fee\u8f9e\uff08the rhetoric of transparency\uff09\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u8fd9\u79cd\u4fee\u8f9e\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\u8fd8\u662f\u6279\u8bc4\u8005\uff0c\u90fd\u5e38\u501f\u52a9\u4e8e\u89c4\u6a21\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6570\u636e\u8d8a\u591a\u8d8a\u597d\u3002\u968f\u7740\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u79d1\u5404\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u6765\u81ea\u66f4\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u8ba1\u7b97\u9886\u57df\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u50cf\u53cd\u601d\u4e66\u5fd7\u5b66\u6761\u4ef6\u4e00\u6837\u4e25\u683c\u5730\u5bf9\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u6761\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u53cd\u601d\uff0c\u5c31\u53d8\u5f97\u5f88\u5173\u952e\u3002\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u4e66\u7c4d\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u5df2\u7ecf\u6559\u4f1a\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u79d1\u5404\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5b66\u8005\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u5904\u7406\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u5370\u5237\u6761\u4ef6\u548c\u5370\u5237\u6863\u6848\u4e2d\u8bc1\u636e\u7684\u72b6\u51b5\u3002\u800c\u5728\u5370\u5237\u6587\u6863\u88ab\u6570\u5b57\u4fee\u590d\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b66\u672f\u77e5\u8bc6\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u6b63\u53d1\u751f\u7740\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u8fd9\u79cd\u7406\u60f3\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u7406\u8bba\u5316\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u624d\u521a\u521a\u8d77\u6b65\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u53ef\u89c1\u6027\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u4f1a\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u4f46\u662f\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u6307\u6211\u4eec\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u548c\u6211\u4eec\u501f\u4ee5\u7814\u7a76\u5b83\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e8c\u662f\u77e5\u8bc6\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u770b\u800c\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6211\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u77e5\u8bc6\u6765\u770b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5c06\u6587\u6863\u56fe\u50cf\u5206\u6790\u5f15\u5165\u79d1\u5b66\u4f20\u64ad\u53f2\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u4e4b\u4e00\u5c31\u662f\u5f3a\u8c03\u201c\u9875\u9762\u56fe\u50cf\u201d\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5355\u4f4d\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u957f\u671f\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u8fdb\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u66f4\u7d27\u8981\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u53cc\u91cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u5f00\u59cb\u628a\u9875\u9762\u56fe\u50cf\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u4ecb\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e25\u8083\u5bf9\u5f85\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c42\u610f\u4e49\u662f\u628a\u9875\u9762\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u56fe\u50cf\uff08as an image\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u5373\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u662f\u4ece\u89c6\u89c9\u4e0a\u5173\u6ce8\u9875\u9762\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5c06\u5176\u770b\u4f5c\u6587\u672c\u6027\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u6216\u8005\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u6240\u6709\u7279\u8d28\u4e2d\u5e26\u6709\u56fe\u50cf\u6027\u8d28\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c42\u610f\u4e49\u662f\u628a\u9875\u9762\u56fe\u50cf\u89c6\u4f5c\u9875\u9762<strong>\u7684<\/strong>\u56fe\u50cf\uff08as an image&nbsp;<em>of<\/em>&nbsp;a page\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u5373\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u89c6\u4f5c\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u4e2d\u4ecb\u5bf9\u8c61\u800c\u975e\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\uff08the thing itself\uff09\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u628a\u4e66\u7c4d\u53f2\u3001\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e66\u5fd7\u5b66\u89c1\u89e3\u4e0eDIA\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u89c1\u89e3\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u628a\u5b66\u672f\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u5438\u5f15\u5230\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u65b9\u9762\u4e0a\u6765\uff1a\uff08\u5728\u5f00\u59cb\u8bfb\u6216\u8005\u89e3\u91ca\u6587\u6863\u4e4b\u524d\uff09\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u770b\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u5236\u54c1\u7684\u8868\u5f81\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u6700\u666e\u904d\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u5c06\u6211\u4eec\u5bfc\u5411\u5728\u6570\u5b57\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u4e66\u5fd7\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u5206\u5c42\u4e2d\u4ecb\u7814\u7a76\u4e0a\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u63d0\u4f9b\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u6765\u4e86\u89e3\u6211\u4eec\u5370\u5237\u6240\u5c55\u73b0\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong><span style=\"color:#0071a1\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u4e00\u3001\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u770b\u9875\u9762\uff1a\u4ece\u4e66\u5fd7\u5b66\u5230\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u4e66\u5fd7\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u4e66\u7c4d\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u601d\u8003\u9875\u9762\u7684\u89c6\u89c9\u7ef4\u5ea6\u3002\u6839\u636e\u83f2\u5229\u666e\u00b7\u52a0\u65af\u51ef\u5c14\uff08Philip Gaskell\uff09\u7684\u300a\u65b0\u4e66\u5fd7\u5b66\u5bfc\u8bba\u300b\uff0c\u9875\u9762\u7684\u89c6\u89c9\u7279\u8d28\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff08\u89c1\u88681\uff09\u3002<sup>[18]<\/sup>\u6846\u67b6\u6307\u7684\u662f\u8fb9\u6846\u3001\u884c\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5728\u89c6\u89c9\u4e0a\u5206\u5272\u9875\u9762\u7684\u8981\u7d20\u7684\u8fd0\u7528\uff0c\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u50cf\u884c\u6587\u6807\u9898\uff08running headers\uff09\u548c\u4e3b\u9898\u8bcd\uff08catchwords\uff09\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bcd\u8bed\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u3002<strong>\u6d3b\u5b57\u5370\u5237<\/strong>\uff08<em>letterpress<\/em>\uff09\u90e8\u5206\u8003\u8651\u7684\u662f\u4e0e\u5b57\u6bcd\u7684\u89c6\u89c9\u7279\u8d28\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ece\u5b57\u578b\u5230\u6c34\u5e73\u6392\u7248\u8d28\u91cf\uff0c\u518d\u5230\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5b57\u6bcd\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u82b1\u9970\u5b57\u6bcd\uff08swash\uff09\u3001\u5e26\u5c3e\u5b57\u6bcd\uff08tailed letters\uff09\u3002\u800c<strong>\u90e8\u4ef6<\/strong>\uff08<em>pieces<\/em>\uff09\u5219\u5305\u62ec\u50cf\u7ae0\u8282\u6807\u9898\u6216\u9875\u7709\uff08headpiece\uff09\u3001\u4e66\u540d\u9875\u548c\u7248\u6743\u9875\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u4e2d\uff0c\u975e\u8bcd\u6c47\u6027\u7684\u89c6\u89c9\u5143\u7d20\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u5206\u6bb5\u88c5\u9970\uff08decorate or ornament\uff09\u9875\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u88681 \u52a0\u65af\u51ef\u5c14\u603b\u7ed3\u7684\u9875\u9762\u89c6\u89c9\u7ef4\u5ea6<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Tu_1-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-14873\" width=\"-1274\" height=\"-828\" title=\"\u56fe1.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Tu_1-1.png 925w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Tu_1-1-300x195.png 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Tu_1-1-768x500.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 925px) 100vw, 925px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u4e66\u5fd7\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u521d\u5bf9\u89c6\u89c9\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u90fd\u660e\u786e\u5730\u4ee5\u88c5\u9970\u6027\u539f\u5219\u4e3a\u6307\u5bfc\uff08\u52a0\u65af\u51ef\u5c14\u7ed9\u4ed6\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u7ae0\u6240\u5b9a\u7684\u9898\u76ee\u6b63\u662f\u201c\u88c5\u9970\u4e0e\u63d2\u56fe\u201d\uff09\u3002\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u89e3\u91ca\u5355\u4e2a\u4f5c\u54c1\u7279\u5b9a\u8868\u5f81\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u89c6\u89c9\u6027\u53ea\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u66f4\u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u88c5\u9970\u6027\u8865\u5145\u3002\u5f88\u80fd\u8bf4\u660e\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5bf9\u9875\u9762\u89c6\u89c9\u7ef4\u5ea6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5728\u52a0\u65af\u51ef\u5c14\u8fd9\u672c\u624b\u518c\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u5360\u636e\u4e86\u5f88\u5c0f\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u5728400\u9875\u7684\u4e66\u4e2d\u53ea\u6709\u5927\u7ea66\u9875\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u56fe\u4e66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u89c6\u89c9\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u8fb9\u7f18\u6027\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9664\u4e86\u4e66\u5fd7\u5b66\u4e0a\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bf9\u88c5\u9970\u6027\u9875\u9762\u7684\u503e\u5411\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u8fd8\u6709\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u957f\u671f\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5bf9\u56fe\u4e66\u63d2\u56fe\u5386\u53f2\u66f4\u5177\u827a\u672f\u53f2\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u54c8\u6851\uff08John Harthan\uff09\u3001\u6208\u767b\u00b7\u96f7\uff08Gordon Ray\uff09\u3001\u963f\u56fe\u5c14\u00b7\u5415\u66fc\uff08Arthur R\u00fcmann\uff09\u3001\u548c\u7279\u5965\u591a\u00b7\u5e93\u5947\u66fc\uff08Theodor Kutschmann\uff09\u5960\u57fa\u6027\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6280\u672f\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b\uff0c\u91cd\u6784\u4e86\u56fe\u4e66\u63d2\u56fe\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u671f\u548c\u6280\u672f\u3002<sup>[19]<\/sup>\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u89c6\u89c9\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u662f\u88ab\u89c6\u4f5c\u70ed\u62c9\u5c14\u00b7\u70ed\u5948\u7279\uff08Gerard Genette\uff09\u6240\u79f0\u7684\u201c\u51c6\u6587\u672c\u201d\uff08paratext\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0e\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6587\u672c\u76f8\u90bb\u5374\u53c8\u4e0e\u4e4b\u533a\u522b\u5f00\u6765\u3002\u89c6\u89c9\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0e\u9875\u9762\u76f8\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u88ab\u5f53\u4f5c\u4e00\u79cd\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e00\u5957\u60ef\u4f8b\u3001\u8c31\u7cfb\u548c\u8df5\u884c\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u5341\u5e74\u91cc\u51fa\u73b0\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u7814\u7a76\u662f\u4ee5\u201c\u5a92\u4ecb\u95f4\u6027\u201d\u7406\u8bba\uff08theory of intermediality\uff09\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u3002\u4e0e\u4ee5\u5f80\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7814\u7a76\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u662f\u56fe\u4e66\u7684\u6587\u672c\u548c\u89c6\u89c9\u7279\u5f81\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u7ed3\u679c\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u53c8\u5851\u9020\u4e86\u8bfb\u8005\u4e0e\u4e66\u7c4d\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u3002\u8fd9\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u8d85\u8d8a\u6587\u672c\u548c\u56fe\u50cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e8c\u5143\u5bf9\u7acb\uff0c\u6587\u672c\u5982\u4f55\u50cf\u56fe\u50cf\u4f3c\u7684\u53d1\u6325\u7740\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u56fe\u50cf\u53c8\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u80fd\u591f\u50cf\u6587\u672c\u4e00\u6837\u88ab\u201c\u9605\u8bfb\u201d\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u4f20\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u89c6\u89c9\u4e0a\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e66\u7c4d\u53f2\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u6587\u672c\u7684\u9644\u5e26\u7269\u2014\u2014\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u88c5\u9970\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6587\u672c\u4e4b\u5916\u4eab\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6587\u6863\u56fe\u50cf\u5206\u6790\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4ece\u4e09\u4e2a\u4f20\u7edf\u4e2d\u90fd\u6697\u4e2d\u6c72\u53d6\u4e86\u8425\u517b\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u8fd9\u79cd\u6c72\u53d6\u662f\u4e0d\u660e\u663e\u7684\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u672a\u88ab\u627f\u8ba4\u7684\uff0c\u8981\u7406\u89e3\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u6570\u5b57\u6587\u6863\u7684\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u4e0e\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u5173\u952e\u90fd\u5728\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e92\u8865\u6027\u3002<sup>[20]<\/sup>\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e0e\u8bb8\u591a\u6570\u636e\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e00\u6837\uff0cDIA\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e<strong>\u5f52\u4e00\u5316<\/strong>\uff08<em>normalization<\/em>\uff09\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u7684\u3002\u5728\u5206\u6790\u9875\u9762\u56fe\u50cf\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u4e4b\u524d\uff0cDIA\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4f1a\u91c7\u53d6\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u5c06\u6210\u50cf\u5904\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u8ddf\u539f\u6587\u6863\u7684\u89c6\u89c9\u7279\u8d28\u5206\u79bb\u5f00\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u4e4b\u4e00\u5c31\u662f<strong>\u4e8c\u503c\u5316<\/strong>\uff08<em>binarization<\/em>\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u533a\u5206DIA\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u9875\u9762\u56fe\u50cf\u7684\u524d\u666f\u4e0e\u80cc\u666f\uff08\u89c1\u56fe1\uff09\u3002\u4e0e\u4e8c\u503c\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6709\u5173\u7684\u9875\u9762\u7279\u8d28\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u62ec\u7531\u4e8e\u8001\u5316\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u989c\u8272\u4e0d\u8fde\u7eed\uff08\u89c1\u56fe1\u5de6\uff09\u6216\u8005\u58a8\u6c34\u7684\u6e17\u900f\uff08\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u672c\u9875\u7684\u8fd8\u662f\u76f8\u90bb\u9875\u9762\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\uff09\uff08\u89c1\u56fe2\uff09\u3002\u56fe\u50cf\u5316\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u4e00\u4e9b\u75d5\u8ff9\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u75d5\u8ff9\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b65\u6709\u5173\u7684\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u7f29\u5fae\u80f6\u7247\u800c\u975e\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u56fe\u4e66\u65f6\uff0c\u7070\u5c18\u4e0e\u522e\u75d5\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u6b65\u9aa4\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a<strong>\u7ea0\u504f<\/strong>\uff08<em>deskewing<\/em>\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u4f1a\u6821\u6b63\u7531\u4e8e\u626b\u63cf\u4eea\u4e0e\u539f\u9875\u9762\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u5bf9\u9f50\u800c\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u626d\u66f2\uff08\u89c1\u56fe3\uff09\u3002\u7ea0\u504f\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u6d89\u53ca\u521b\u5efa\u9875\u9762\u4e0a\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u6295\u5f71\u7684\u76f4\u65b9\u56fe\u3002\u60f3\u8c61\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u5728\u9875\u9762\u4e0a\u5782\u76f4\u79fb\u52a8\u6c34\u5e73\u6807\u5c3a\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u50cf\u7d20\u3002\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4e00\u884c\u9ed1\u8272\u50cf\u7d20\u591a\u5c11\uff0c\u5728\u53f3\u8fb9\u5bf9\u5e94\u521b\u5efa\u76f4\u65b9\u67f1\uff0c\u9ed1\u8272\u50cf\u7d20\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u76f4\u65b9\u67f1\u5c31\u4f1a\u8d8a\u9ad8\u3002\u5f88\u77ed\u7684\u76f4\u65b9\u67f1\uff08\u6216\u8005\u6ca1\u6709\u76f4\u65b9\u67f1\uff09\u5c31\u8868\u793a\u6ca1\u6709\u9ed1\u8272\u7684\u50cf\u7d20\uff08\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u7a7a\u767d\uff09\u3002\u76f4\u65b9\u67f1\u5f88\u9ad8\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u9ed1\u8272\u50cf\u7d20\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u5b57\u6bcd\u6392\u5e03\u6bd4\u8f83\u7a20\u5bc6\u3002\u9875\u9762\u56fe\u50cf\u8d8a\u503e\u659c\uff0c\u76f4\u65b9\u56fe\u5c31\u4f1a\u8d8a\u5e73\u5766\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f53\u5b57\u5ef6\u4f38\u6216\u8005\u5f2f\u66f2\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u770b\u4e0a\u53bb\u66f4\u5bbd\uff08\u89c1\u56fe3\u5de6\uff09\u3002\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u76f4\u65b9\u56fe\u5f62\u72b6\u8d8a\u5c16\uff0c\u533a\u5206\u5ea6\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u9875\u9762\u8d8a\u5e73\u5747\uff08\u89c1\u56fe3\u53f3\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"693\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Tu_2-1024x693.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-14874\" title=\"\u56fe2.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Tu_2-1024x693.png 1024w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Tu_2-300x203.png 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Tu_2-768x520.png 768w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Tu_2.png 1126w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>\u56fe1 \u5de6\u56fe\u662f\u300a\u82f1\u56fd\u7687\u5bb6\u5b66\u4f1a\u54f2\u5b66\u6c47\u520a\u300b\uff08<em>The Philosophical Transaction of the Royal Society<\/em>, 1778\uff09\u7b2c2\u9875\u626b\u63cf\u4ef6\u56fe\u50cf\u7684\u539f\u4ef6\u3002\u53f3\u56fe\u662f\u8be5\u9875\u9762\u7ecf\u4e8c\u503c\u5316\u540e\u7684\u7248\u672c\u3002<br>\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u751f\u7269\u591a\u6837\u6027\u9057\u4ea7\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\uff08The Biodiversity Heritage Library\uff09<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"431\" height=\"556\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Tu_3.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-14875\" title=\"\u56fe3.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Tu_3.png 431w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Tu_3-233x300.png 233w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 431px) 100vw, 431px\" \/><figcaption>\u56fe2 \u7531\u4e8e\u58a8\u6c34\u6e17\u900f\u800c\u975e\u6545\u610f\u7559\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u5370\u5237\u75d5\u8ff9\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u300a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u6742\u5fd7\u300b\uff08Le Journal des S\u00e7avans, 1984\uff09\u6249\u9875\u7684\u80cc\u9762\u3002<br>\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u6cd5\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\uff08Biblioth\u00e8que Nationale de France\uff09<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Tu_4.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-14876\" width=\"925\" height=\"492\" title=\"\u56fe4.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Tu_4.png 992w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Tu_4-300x160.png 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Tu_4-768x409.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 925px) 100vw, 925px\" \/><figcaption>\u56fe3 \u5de6\u56fe\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u503e\u659c\u7684\u9875\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u53f3\u56fe\u662f\u6821\u6b63\u540e\u7684\u7248\u672c\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\u5de6\u56fe\u4e2d\u9875\u9762\u7684\u884c\u6295\u5f71\u76f4\u65b9\u56fe\u76f8\u5bf9\u5747\u5300\uff0c\u800c\u7ea0\u504f\u540e\u53f3\u56fe\u4e2d\u76f4\u65b9\u56fe\u5219\u533a\u5206\u5ea6\u66f4\u5927\u3002<br>\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u201c\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7eaa\u4f5c\u54c1\u5728\u7ebf\u201d\uff08Eighteen-Century Collections Online\uff09<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u50cf\u4e8c\u503c\u5316\u6216\u8005\u7ea0\u504f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e24\u79cd\u4fe1\u606f\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff1a\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u9875\u9762\u4e0a\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u76f8\u4fe1\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6216\u8005\u6709\u610f\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u5728\u56fe\u50cf\u5316\u5904\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u610f\u5916\u5f15\u5165\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6216\u8005\u80cc\u666f\u4fe1\u606f\uff08\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u6216\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u566a\u97f3\u201d\uff09\u3002\u4e66\u7c4d\u53f2\u5b66\u8005\u4f1a\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u8868\u8fbe\u4e2d\u7acb\u5373\u53d1\u73b0\u5bf9\u4e66\u5fd7\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u56de\u5e94\u3002\u4e66\u5fd7\u5b66\u8005\u65e9\u5df2\u5bf9\u201c\u6709\u610f\u4e3a\u4e4b\u7684\u201d\u75d5\u8ff9\u548c\u201c\u610f\u5916\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u201d\u75d5\u8ff9\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u533a\u522b\u3002\u610f\u5916\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u75d5\u8ff9\u662f\u9875\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u6216\u8005\u975e\u540c\u5bfb\u5e38\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u70b9\uff08peculiarities\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u6a21\u7cca\u4e86\u9875\u9762\u201c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u201d\u6216\u8005\u6709\u610f\u8981\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0cDIA\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u662f\u539f\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u201c\u7406\u60f3\u201d\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0d\u53d7\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u610f\u5916\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u7248\u672c\u3002\u4e66\u5fd7\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u5f62\u5f0f\u5c31\u662f\u5bfb\u6c42\u91cd\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u8457\u4f5c\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u4ee5\u91cd\u73b0\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u539f\u610f\u3002DIA\u4e5f\u50cf\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5c06\u6587\u6863\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\u3001\u7406\u60f3\u5316\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u4f17\u591a\u539f\u672c\u5f02\u8d28\u7684\u6587\u6863\u5f7c\u6b64\u76f8\u901a\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u6574\u7406\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7248\u672c\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u6743\u5a01\u7684\u3001\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u6587\u672c\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\u6b65\u9aa4\u53bb\u9664\u4e86\u5386\u53f2\u751f\u4ea7\u4e2d\u7684\u5076\u7136\u56e0\u7d20\u2014\u2014\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5728\u539f\u672c\u7684\u5370\u5237\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u2014\u2014\u4ee5\u6062\u590d\u201c\u539f\u59cb\u201d\u6587\u6863\u53ca\u5176\u201c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u201d\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u5b83\u53bb\u9664\u4e86\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5373\u6587\u672c\u7684\u590d\u5236\u53f2\uff0c\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u5bf9\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\uff08\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5bf9\u6587\u672c\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u53f2\uff09\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u610f\u5916\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u75d5\u8ff9\u548c\u6709\u610f\u4e3a\u4e4b\u7684\u75d5\u8ff9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u5206\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u4e66\u7c4d\u53f2\u548c\u4e66\u5fd7\u5b66\u4e2d\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u6279\u8bc4\u3002\u81eaD.F.\u9ea6\u80af\u9f50\uff08D. F. McKenzie\uff09\u548c\u6770\u7f57\u59c6\u00b7\u9ea6\u7518\uff08Jerome McGann\uff09\u7b49\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4e66\u5fd7\u5b66\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u8f6c\u5411\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u518d\u90a3\u4e48\u5173\u6ce8\u5bf9\u539f\u610f\u548c\u7406\u60f3\u7248\u672c\u7684\u91cd\u5efa\uff0c\u800c\u66f4\u591a\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u662f\u53bb\u8bf4\u660e\u591a\u79cd\u7248\u672c\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u83b7\u5f97\u5176\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5386\u53f2\u8bed\u5883<sup>[21]<\/sup>\u5bf9\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6587\u6863\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\u6839\u672c\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u3002DIA\u5728\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5bf9\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6587\u6863\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u9075\u5faa\u8fd9\u4e00\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u4e0d\u53bb\u628a\u6587\u672c\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7248\u672c\u8fd8\u539f\u6210\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u8868\u5f81\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u63a5\u53d7\u5927\u91cf\u6587\u6863\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u548c\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u5176\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u80cc\u666f\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u5728DIA\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u5173\u201c\u524d\u666f\u201d\uff08foreground\uff09\u548c\u201c\u80cc\u666f\u201d\uff08background\uff09\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u522b\u5e76\u975e\u672c\u8d28\u6027\u7684\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4dDIA\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u80cc\u666f\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u503e\u659c\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\u3001\u626b\u63cf\u7f29\u5fae\u80f6\u7247\u65f6\u7684\u7070\u5c18\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5931\u771f\u3001\u5370\u5237\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u5e73\u76f4\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u4f5c\u4e3a\u524d\u666f\u3002\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8303\u7574\uff0c\u662f\u7531\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u7531\u5148\u5728\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u503e\u659c\u7684\u666e\u904d\u6027\u548c\u590d\u5236\u7684\u7279\u8d28\u80fd\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5c31\u50cf\u745e\u6069\u00b7\u79d1\u5fb7\u5c14\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u628aOCR\u770b\u4f5c\u673a\u5668\u6392\u7248\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002<sup>[22]<\/sup>DIA\u80fd\u591f\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u79cd\u5c40\u90e8\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u5316\u4ee5\u5c06\u6587\u6863\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u53ef\u8fdb\u884c\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5b83\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u4e0a\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u5b83\u6700\u5927\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0cDIA\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e66\u7c4d\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u63cf\u8ff0\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u6784\u6210\u4efb\u4f55\u7279\u5b9a\u6570\u5b57\u6587\u6863\u7684\u6280\u672f\u4e2d\u4ecb\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5c42\u6b21\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u5c06DIA<strong>\u5206\u6790<\/strong>\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5957\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6b65\u9aa4\u6807\u793a\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b65\u4e0e\u4e66\u7c4d\u53f2\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u5b66\u5de5\u4f5c\u8054\u7cfb\u66f4\u660e\u663e\uff08\u6458\u8981\u89c1\u88682\uff09\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u9875\u9762\u88ab\u201c\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\u201d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5c31\u4f1a\u5bf9\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5177\u4f53\u7279\u5f81\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\u3002\u5206\u6790\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u591a\u662f<strong>\u5206\u5272<\/strong>\uff08<em>segmentation<\/em>\uff09\u3002\u5206\u5272\u5047\u8bbe\u4e86\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u7279\u8d28\u5c5e\u4e8e\u9875\u9762\u56fe\u50cf\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u8d28\u5177\u6709\u51e0\u4f55\u7684\u6216\u8005\u533a\u57df\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u5f53\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u53ea\u5173\u6ce8\u5149\u5b66\u5b57\u7b26\u8bc6\u522b\u65f6\uff0c\u9875\u9762\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5206\u5272\u533a\u57df\uff08segments\uff09\u5c31\u662f<strong>\u5b57\u7b26<\/strong>\u548c<strong>\u884c<\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a\u9762\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u201c\u8fde\u901a\u533a\u57df\u201d\uff08\u89c1\u56fe4\uff09\u548c\u201c\u6c34\u5e73\u6295\u5f71\u201d\uff08\u89c1\u56fe5\uff09\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u8bc6\u522b\u3002\u8fde\u901a\u533a\u57df\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u9ed1\u8272\u50cf\u7d20\u6d41\u4e4b\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u65ad\u70b9\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u56fe\u5f62\u3002\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u6355\u6349\u5230\u5355\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u6863\u548c\u4e0d\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\u626b\u63cf\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u884c\u5219\u4f1a\u88ab\u4f30\u8ba1\u4e3a\u9ed1\u8272\u50cf\u7d20\u6700\u5bc6\u96c6\u7684\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u800c\u6839\u636e\u6295\u5f71\u76f4\u65b9\u56fe\u4e0a\u7684\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u5272\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u884c\uff08\u89c1\u56fe5\uff09\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u5272\u533a\u57df\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u5f53\u4f5c\u9875\u9762\u7684\u63d2\u56fe\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff08illustrative dimension\uff09\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u9875\u9762\u4e0a\u7aef\u5e26\u6709\u88c5\u9970\u6027\u7684\u56fe\u6848\u6216\u8005\u72ed\u4e49\u7684\u63d2\u56fe\u65f6\u3002\u5c31\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u800c\u8a00\uff0cDIA\u4f7f\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u80fd\u591f\u8bc6\u522b\u5e76\u5173\u6ce8\u88c5\u9970\u6216\u8005\u63d2\u56fe\u4f20\u7edf\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u4e4b\u524d\u6240\u63d0\u53ca\u7684\u4e66\u7c4d\u53f2\u7684\u827a\u672f\u53f2\u8109\u7edc\u975e\u5e38\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"443\" height=\"154\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Tu_5.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-14877\" title=\"\u56fe5.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Tu_5.png 443w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Tu_5-300x104.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 443px) 100vw, 443px\" \/><figcaption>\u56fe4 \u7070\u8272\u7684\u65b9\u6846\u4ee3\u8868\u7740\u8fde\u901a\u533a\u57df\u3002\u5728\u8d3a\u52a0\u65af\uff08Hogarth\uff09\u300a\u7f8e\u7684\u5206\u6790\u300b\uff08<em>Analysis of Beauty<\/em>\uff09\u4e2d\u201cSlender\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5b57\u4f53\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u901a\u533a\u57df\u8de8\u8d8a\u4e86\u4e0d\u6b62\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\u3002<br>\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u201c\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7eaa\u4f5c\u54c1\u5728\u7ebf\u201d\uff08Eighteen-Century Collections Online\uff09<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u968f\u7740DIA\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u5730\u901a\u8fc7\u5173\u6ce8\u5206\u5272\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89c6\u89c9\u533a\u57df\u6216\u8005\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u89c6\u56fe\u201d\uff08view\uff09\uff0c\u6765\u5c1d\u8bd5\u89e3\u91ca\u9875\u9762\u7684\u89c6\u89c9\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\u3002\u5b57\u7b26\u548c\u884c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u9875\u9762\u5206\u5272\u533a\u57df\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u9875\u9762\u56fe\u50cf\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ec5\u4ec5\u901a\u8fc7\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u4e66\u5fd7\u5b66\u516c\u5f0f\u5f97\u5230\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u9875\u9762\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u591a\u91cd\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u89c6\u70b9\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u5b89\u5fb7\u91cc\u4e9a\u00b7\u767b\u683c\u5c14\uff08Andreas Dengel\uff09\u548c\u6cd5\u4f0a\u8428\u5c14\u00b7\u6c99\u6cd5\u4f0a\uff08Faisal Shafait\uff09\u6240\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u83b7\u5f97\u201c\u590d\u6742\u6587\u6863\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u201d\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u7814\u53d1\u4e86\u901a\u7528\u6a21\u578b:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u901a\u7528\u6a21\u578b\u5c06\u6587\u6863\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\u4e00\u7ec4\u5e03\u5c40\u7ed3\u6784\uff08layout structures\uff09\u6216\u8005\u51e0\u4f55\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u4e00\u7ec4\u5e03\u5c40\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u89c6\u56fe\uff08view\uff09\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c6\u56fe\u90fd\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u5bf9\u8be5\u6587\u6863\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5e03\u5c40\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e03\u5c40\u7ed3\u6784\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u7ec4\u51e0\u4f55\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u6587\u6863\u5bf9\u8c61\u53ca\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e00\u7ec4\u51e0\u4f55\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<sup>[23]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"572\" height=\"104\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Tu_6.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-14878\" title=\"\u56fe6.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Tu_6.png 572w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Tu_6-300x55.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 572px) 100vw, 572px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"548\" height=\"653\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Tu_7.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-14879\" title=\"\u56fe7.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Tu_7.png 548w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Tu_7-252x300.png 252w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 548px) 100vw, 548px\" \/><figcaption>\uff08\u56fe\u4e2d\u53f3\u4e0a\u89d2\u201cEstimated Font Size\u201d\uff1a\u5b57\u53f7\u4f30\u8ba1\u503c\uff1b\u56fe\u4e2d\u5de6\u4fa7\u201cline\u201d\uff1a\u884c\uff09<br>\u56fe5 \u4f7f\u7528\u6c34\u5e73\u6295\u5f71\u5bf9\u884c\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u5272\u7684\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c\u5176\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a\u8fb9\u754c\u6846\u5c06\u4e00\u884c\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u884c\u5206\u5272\u5f00\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u591a\u4e2a\u89c6\u56fe\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u8bc6\u522b\uff08\u9875\u7709\u3001\u9875\u811a\u3001\u63d2\u56fe\u3001\u88c5\u9970\u5b57\u6bcd\u3001\u7559\u767d\u3001\u8fb9\u6846\u7b49\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u56fe\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u8fdb\u884c\u63a8\u65ad\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u9875\u9762\u53ca\u5176\u6784\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u5206\u7c7b\uff08\u89c1\u56fe6\uff09\u3002\u5355\u4e2a\u9875\u9762\u7684\u5e03\u5c40\u7ed3\u6784\u5177\u6709\u591a\u91cd\u7684\u89c6\u56fe\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u591a\u79cd\u5047\u8bbe\u6216\u8005\u201c\u8868\u8fbe\u201d\uff08representations\uff09\u5bf9\u6587\u6863\u8fdb\u884c\u6807\u6ce8\u3002<sup>[24]<\/sup>\u5bf9\u4e8eDIA\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u9875\u9762\u56fe\u50cf\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u3001\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u5355\u5143\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e3a\u591a\u91cd\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u89c6\u70b9\u642d\u5efa\u4e86\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u5b83\u4f7f\u5f97\u4efb\u4f55\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u9875\u9762\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5177\u6709\u9610\u91ca\u6216\u8005\u89e3\u91ca\u5173\u7cfb\uff1b\u6b63\u662f\u9875\u9762\u56fe\u50cf\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u672c\u8eab\u9884\u8bbe\u4e86\u4e66\u5fd7\u5b66\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u8fc7\u5269\uff08semiotic excess\uff09\u3002\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0cDIA\u5c31\u76f4\u63a5\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86\u4e66\u7c4d\u53f2\u9886\u57df\u7684\u9610\u91ca\u89c6\u89d2\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08the hermeneutic perspectivalism\uff09\u3002\u9610\u91ca\u89c6\u89d2\u4e3b\u4e49\u5728\u4e66\u7c4d\u53f2\u9886\u57df\u6709\u7740\u5f88\u957f\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3002\u5b83\u5047\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u591a\u4e49\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u81f3\u5c11\u81ea19\u4e16\u7eaa\u665a\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u591a\u4e49\u6027\u5c31\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u8bed\u6587\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"877\" height=\"765\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Tu_8.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-14880\" title=\"\u56fe8.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Tu_8.png 877w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Tu_8-300x262.png 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Tu_8-768x670.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 877px) 100vw, 877px\" \/><figcaption>\u56fe6 \u9875\u9762\u4e0d\u540c\u5206\u5272\u533a\u57df\u7684\u90bb\u63a5\u56fe\u6f14\u793a\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u897f\u8499\u00b7\u9a6c\u91cc\u5948\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u300a\u9875\u9762\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u4e0e\u5206\u7c7b\u300b\u3002<sup>[25]<\/sup><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e00\u65e6\u5bf9\u9875\u9762\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5206\u5272\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u8bc6\u522b\u548c\u6d4b\u91cf<strong>\u7279\u5f81<\/strong>\uff08<em>features<\/em>\uff09\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u89e3\u91ca\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u7279\u5f81\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u65e0\u9650\u7684\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u9875\u9762\u4e0a\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u4efb\u4f55\u4e1c\u897f\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u6216\u884c\u9ad8\u3001\u8fde\u4f53\u5b57\u6bcd\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u3001\u9875\u8fb9\u8ddd\u7684\u5bbd\u5ea6\u3001\u63d2\u5165\u8bf4\u660e\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662fDIA\u53ef\u4ee5\u6355\u6349\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u7279\u5f81\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u5b57\u7b26\u9ad8\u5ea6\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5b57\u53f7\uff09\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\uff08\u50cf\u201c\u89c6\u89c9\u88c5\u9970\u201d\u6216\u8005\u201c\u56fe\u7247\u771f\u5b9e\u5ea6\u201d\uff09\u66f4\u57fa\u672c\u3002\u800c\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u662f\u50cf\u7d20\u3002\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7279\u5f81\u8fd8\u662f\u5d4c\u5957\u7684\uff1a\u50cf\u7d20\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u201c\u884c\u9ad8\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u5b83\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u8bc6\u522b\u201c\u4e66\u540d\u9875\u201d\u7b49\u9ad8\u9636\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u8bc6\u522b\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e0d\u80fd\u8131\u79bb\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5982\u4f55\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u9875\u9762\u8fdb\u884c\u201c\u5efa\u6a21\u201d\uff0c\u5c31\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f1a\u201c\u770b\u89c1\u201d\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u3001\u901a\u7528\u7684\u9875\u9762\u89c6\u56fe\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u88682 DIA \u7406\u89e3\u89c6\u89c9\u9875\u9762\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Tu_9-1024x635.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-14881\" width=\"698\" height=\"433\" title=\"\u56fe9.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Tu_9-1024x635.png 1024w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Tu_9-300x186.png 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Tu_9-768x476.png 768w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Tu_9.png 1114w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 698px) 100vw, 698px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6b63\u5982\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f8b\u5b50\u5e0c\u671b\u8bf4\u6e05\u7684\uff0cDIA\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u4e5f\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u4e66\u7c4d\u53f2\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u5206\u6790\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5b83\u5bf9\u5f85\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u89c6\u5177\u4f53\u60c5\u51b5\u800c\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u4e0e\u9875\u9762\u8fdb\u884c\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u201c\u524d\u666f\u5316\u201d\u6216\u9875\u9762\u201c\u89c6\u56fe\u201d\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5bf9\u201c\u7279\u5f81\u7a7a\u95f4\u201d\uff08feature 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style=\"color:#0071a1\"><strong>\u4e8c\u3001\u811a\u6ce8\u68c0\u6d4b\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5bfb\u5e38\u7684\u56f0\u96be\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6848\u4f8b\u7814\u7a76<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u662f\u6587\u6863\u56fe\u50cf\u5206\u6790\u501f\u9274\u4e66\u7c4d\u53f2\u548c\u8bed\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8df5\u6765\u6784\u5efa\u56fe\u4e66\u89c6\u89c9\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u672c\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u5c06\u5bf9\u6838\u5fc3\u5206\u6790\u6b65\u9aa4\u8fdb\u884c\u6848\u4f8b\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6b65\u9aa4\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5<strong>\u8fd0\u7528<\/strong>\u4e8e\u5386\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u662f\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u672f\u6765\u4e86\u89e3\u5173\u4e8e\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\uff1f\u5176\u4e2d\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u5c5e\u4e8e\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u9886\u57df\u3002\u8981\u60f3\u5bf9\u4e16\u754c\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u9875\u9762\u56fe\u50cf\u8fdb\u884c\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u6982\u62ec\uff0c\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6765\u5b66\u4e60\u9875\u9762\u56fe\u50cf\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u3002\u867d\u7136\u6709\u5404\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u4e0a\u7684\u8003\u8651\uff08\u4f7f\u7528\u4ec0\u4e48\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u8bad\u7ec3\u5b83\u4eec\u7b49\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u6b64\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u975e\u8ba1\u7b97\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u540c\u6837\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fc3\u8fdb\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u5408\u4f5c\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u7279\u522b\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u672f\u8fd0\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65f6\uff0c\u4e66\u7c4d\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u6280\u672f\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u6210\u4e3a\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u8865\u5145\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u672c\u6587\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5173\u6ce8\u811a\u6ce8\u68c0\u6d4b\uff08detecting footnotes\uff09\u8fd9\u4e00\u6848\u4f8b\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u4f20\u64ad\u4e2d\u8fd0\u7528\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u56fe\u5f62\u5316\u624b\u6bb5\u6709\u56db\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u89c6\u89c9\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u800c\u811a\u6ce8\u6b63\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u4e4b\u4e00\uff08\u53e6\u5916\u4e09\u4e2a\u662f\u8868\u683c\u3001\u56fe\u8868\u548c\u53c2\u8003\u56fe\u8868\uff09\u3002\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5927\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6570\u636e\u96c6\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531\u8bba\u6587\u96c6\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bba\u6587\u96c6\u6765\u81ea5\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u56fd\u5bb6\uff08\u6cd5\u56fd\u3001\u5fb7\u56fd\u3001\u82f1\u56fd\u3001\u745e\u5178\u548c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\uff09\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u81ea1665\u5e74\u52301946\u5e74\uff0c\u5171\u6709828\u5377\uff0c512,516\u9875\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u6765\u81ea\u201c\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7eaa\u4f5c\u54c1\u5728\u7ebf\u201d\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08Eighteenth-Century Collections Online\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0ECCO\uff09\uff0c\u5305\u62ec3,200\u591a\u4e07\u9875\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u8005\u52a0\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u65e2\u80fd\u591f\u7814\u7a76\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u56fd\u5bb6\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u6587\u4f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u9875\u9762\u56fe\u50cf\u7684\u5386\u65f6\u6f14\u53d8\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u591f\u9650\u5236\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u65f6\u671f\u548c\u56fd\u522b\u80cc\u666f\u5185\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u5728\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u591a\u6837\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u9875\u9762\u7684\u5171\u65f6\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u6309\u4e0b\u9762\u56db\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u6b65\u9aa4\u6765\u5b9e\u65bd\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u6863\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7814\u7a76\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1.\u5b9a\u4e49<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2.\u6807\u6ce8<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3.\u7279\u5f81\u8bc6\u522b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4.\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u5730\u68c0\u6d4b\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c6\u89c9\u7279\u5f81\uff08\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\u5c31\u662f\u811a\u6ce8\uff09\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de5\u4f5c\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fbe\u5230\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5217\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b9a\u4e49\u811a\u6ce8\u7684\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u811a\u6ce8\u9700\u5f97\u662f\u4f4d\u4e8e\u9875\u9762\u5e95\u90e8\uff08\u811a\uff09\u7684\u3001\u6709\u660e\u663e\u533a\u522b\u7684\u3001\u6709\u6807\u8bb0\u7684\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u672c\u8fd8\u8981\u5728\u6587\u672c\u7684\u6b63\u6587\u90e8\u5206\u88ab\u63d0\u5230\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u65e0\u8bba\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u591a\u4e48\u6e05\u6670\u660e\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e00\u65e6\u7528\u4e8e\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u6863\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u8bb8\u8bb8\u591a\u591a\u9875\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5206\u6790\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u6311\u6218\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c1739\u5e74\u82f1\u56fd\u5e03\u91cc\u65af\u6258\u7684\u7ea6\u745f\u592b\u4e3b\u6559\u7684\u300a\u7ed9\u56fd\u5916\u4f20\u798f\u97f3\u8054\u5408\u4f1a\u7684\u5e03\u9053\u300b<sup>[27]<\/sup>\u4e2d\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u9875\uff08\u89c1\u56fe7\uff09\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9875\u9762\u5e95\u90e8\uff0c\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u5206\u5f00\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5206\u5272\u533a\u57df\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u4e2d\u53ea\u6709\uff08\u5de6\u8fb9\u7684\uff09\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e26\u6709\u4e0e\u6b63\u6587\u76f8\u5339\u914d\u7684\u811a\u6ce8\u6807\u8bb0\uff08\u5728\u659c\u4f53\u5b57\u201cknowledge\u201d\u540e\u9762\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u5728\u6ce8\u91ca\u90e8\u5206\u548c\u6b63\u6587\u90e8\u5206\u4e2d\uff0c\u811a\u6ce8\u6807\u8bb0\u90fd\u6781\u5c0f\u4e14\u4e0d\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u89c6\u89c9\u548c\u8bad\u7ec3\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u533a\u5206\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bb0\u53f7\u662f\u201c\u566a\u97f3\u201d\uff08\u6216\u7528\u6211\u4eec\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u662f\u610f\u5916\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\uff09\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\uff08\u6216\u6709\u610f\u4e3a\u4e4b\u7684\uff09\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u56fe\u50cf\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\u5f88\u4f4e\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7b26\u53f7\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u6210\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6df7\u6742\u7684\u5173\u8054\u4e4b\u7269\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u80fd\u591f\u628a\u811a\u6ce8\u4e2d\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6807\u8bb0\u8ddf\u6b63\u6587\u4e2d\u6807\u8bb0\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u5173\u8054\u8d77\u6765\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u624d\u80fd\u628a\u610f\u5916\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6c61\u8ff9\u548c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5c0f\u7ec4\u50cf\u7d20\u533a\u5206\u5f00\uff1f\u800c\u5728\u6b63\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u811a\u6ce8\u6807\u8bb0\u4e0e\u6487\u53f7\u3001\u7455\u73b7\u6216\u8005\u5f15\u53f7\u53c8\u6709\u4f55\u4e0d\u540c\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5173\u4e8e\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u5386\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u4e00\u822c\u5316\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u60f3\u8c61\u4e00\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\u8981\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u8bc6\u522b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9875\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u811a\u6ce8\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u91cf\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u80fd\u76f4\u89c2\u5730\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u673a\u5668\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8981\u9010\u6e10\u6784\u5efa\u8d77\u5bf9\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u6240\u9700\u4f8b\u5b50\u7684\u591a\u6837\u6027\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u5230\u201c\u811a\u6ce8\u201d\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u4e9a\u5fb7\u91cc\u5b89\u00b7\u7ea6\u7ff0\u65af\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u5370\u5237\u6587\u5316\u7684\u53d1\u660e\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e92\u52a8\u548c\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u4e60\u60ef\u7684\u9010\u6b65\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e60\u60ef\u662f\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u3001\u901a\u8fc7\u8bad\u7ec3\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u201d\u3002<sup>[28]<\/sup>\u8fd9\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u7814\u7a76\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f4\u63a5\u6311\u6218\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u4e2d\u5c06\u8981\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u5411\u9752\u5e74\u5b66\u751f\u7814\u7a76\u4f19\u4f34\u4f20\u8f93\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e0e\u5370\u5237\u54c1\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u548c\u4e60\u60ef\u3002\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5047\u8bbe\u548c\u4e60\u60ef\u662f\u6765\u4e4b\u4e0d\u6613\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u73b0\u5728\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u53c8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u7406\u6240\u5f53\u7136\u7684\uff0c\u6545\u800c\u4ece\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u5730\u53bb\u9610\u660e\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u5219\u9700\u8981\u9ad8\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u53cd\u601d\u6027\u7684\u9610\u91ca\uff1a\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u6700\u666e\u901a\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u9610\u660e\u548c\u6f84\u6e05\u3002<sup>[29]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"383\" height=\"555\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Tu_10.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-14882\" title=\"\u56fe10.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Tu_10.png 383w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Tu_10-207x300.png 207w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 383px) 100vw, 383px\" \/><figcaption>\u56fe7 \u5e03\u91cc\u65af\u6258\u4e3b\u6559\u7ea6\u745f\u592b\u7684\u300a\u7ed9\u56fd\u5916\u4f20\u798f\u97f3\u8054\u5408\u4f1a\u7684\u5e03\u9053\u300b\uff081739\uff09\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u9875<br>\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u201c\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7eaa\u4f5c\u54c1\u5728\u7ebf\u201d\uff08Eighteen-Century Collections Online\uff09<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u6311\u6218\u548c\u5171\u4eab\u6027\u628a\u6211\u4eec\u5e26\u5165\u5904\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a<strong>\u6807\u6ce8<\/strong>\uff08<em>annotation<\/em>\uff09\u3002\u5728\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u89c6\u89c9\u7279\u5f81\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u68c0\u67e5\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u591a\u7684\u9875\u9762\uff0c\u6807\u6ce8\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u6709\u811a\u6ce8\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u673a\u5668\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6700\u7ec8\u5b66\u4f1a\u6b63\u786e\u8bc6\u522b\u811a\u6ce8\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6311\u6218\u6240\u8868\u660e\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u90fd\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\u660e\u4e86\u3002\u673a\u5668\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u5e08\u751f\u7ed9\u5176\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u88c1\u51b3\u6a21\u7cca\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u673a\u5236\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b65\u9aa4\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4eba\u5de5\u6807\u6ce8\u4e8622,056\u4e2a\u9875\u9762\u6765\u8bad\u7ec3\u673a\u5668\uff08\u5176\u4e2d6,042\u4e2a\u9875\u9762\u6709\u811a\u6ce8\uff0c16,014\u4e2a\u9875\u9762\u6ca1\u6709\uff09\uff0c\u53c8\u4eba\u5de5\u6807\u6ce8\u4e865,520\u4e2a\u9875\u9762\u7528\u4e8e\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff08\u5176\u4e2d554\u4e2a\u9875\u9762\u6709\u811a\u6ce8\uff0c4,966\u4e2a\u9875\u9762\u6ca1\u6709\uff09\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6709\u811a\u6ce8\u548c\u65e0\u811a\u6ce8\u7684\u9875\u9762\u6570\u91cf\u662f\u4e0d\u5747\u7b49\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u53cd\u6620\u6211\u4eec\u91c7\u96c6\u7684\u6587\u6863\u4e2d\u811a\u6ce8\u7684\u9884\u671f\u666e\u904d\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u907f\u514d\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u8fc7\u62df\u5408\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u8fc7\u62df\u5408\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u8fd0\u7528\u4e8e\u66f4\u5927\uff08\u6216\u8005\u591a\u6837\u7684\uff09\u6587\u6863\u96c6\u5408\u65f6\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u6027\u6bd4\u8f83\u5dee\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u6807\u8bb0\u4e86\u591a\u5c11\u6587\u6863\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u6587\u6863\u96c6\u5408\u7684\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u786e\u5b9a\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6211\u4eec\u52a0\u6807\u6ce8\u6b65\u9aa4\u518d\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u6574\u4e2a\u6587\u6863\u96c6\u5408\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u5c31\u662f\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u3002\u6b63\u56e0\u4e3a\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a<strong>\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/strong>\uff08<em>validation<\/em>\uff09\u3002\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b65\u9aa4\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4f9b\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7528\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u8868\u8fbe\u8981\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e00\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u5171\u8bc6\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u5171\u8bc6\u662f\u7531\u5076\u7136\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u7fa4\u4f53\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u7684\u597d\u5904\u662f\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u505a\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u5206\u6790\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u8bc6\u522b\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u5355\u4e2a\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u8303\u7574\u3002\u5b9a\u4e49\u811a\u6ce8\uff0c\u5176\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u610f\u56fe\u662f\u4ee5\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u4e5f\u4f1a\u540c\u610f\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u6846\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u800c\u52a0\u6807\u6ce8\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u6b63\u597d\u68c0\u9a8c\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5047\u8bbe\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5426\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d6\u5f97\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4eba\u9645\u8ba4\u540c\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1f\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6211\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u628a\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u7eb3\u5165\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u6b65\u9aa4\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u8bc4\u5224\u8005\u95f4\u4fe1\u5ea6\u201d\uff08inter-rate reliability\uff09\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u68c0\u9a8c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5171\u8bc6\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u8fd9\u80fd\u591f\u4f7f\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5f97\u4ee5\u53cd\u601d\u5b9a\u4e49\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u6216\u5b66\u8005\u95f4\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b65\u662f\u6700\u5177\u521b\u65b0\u6027\u7684\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u5c1d\u8bd5\u8bc6\u522b\u5bf9\u811a\u6ce8\u68c0\u6d4b\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u811a\u6ce8\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u7531\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u5d4c\u5957\u5c42\u6784\u6210\u7684\u5143\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u6d4b\u91cf\u884c\u4e0e\u7a7a\u767d\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u8bc6\u522b\u811a\u6ce8\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u548c\u5b58\u5728\uff08\u89c1\u56fe8\uff09\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5c06\u884c\u9ad8\u6295\u5c04\u4e3a\u5782\u76f4\u76f4\u65b9\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u6765\u6355\u6349\u6ce8\u91ca\u4e0e\u6b63\u6587\u5b57\u4f53\u5927\u5c0f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff08\u89c1\u56fe9\uff09\u3002<sup>[30]<\/sup>\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u7528\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c06\u9875\u9762\u56fe\u50cf\u964d\u91c7\u6837\u4e3a\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u50cf\u7d20\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\uff0c\u800c\u5c06\u8be5\u56fe\u50cf\u5f53\u4f5c\u9ed1\u767d\u50cf\u7d20\u7684\u5355\u77e2\u91cf\uff08\u89c1\u56fe10\uff09\u3002<sup>[31]<\/sup>\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u6784\u5efa\u9875\u9762\u56fe\u50cf\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4e2d\u6027\u7684\u9875\u9762\u56fe\u50cf\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u89c6\u89c9\u5355\u5143\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u751f\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u7684\u8bbe\u60f3\u3001\u4fe1\u5ff5\u548c\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u90fd\u88ab\u6784\u5efa\u5230\u4e86\u9875\u9762\u89c6\u56fe\uff08views\uff09\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6355\u6349\u7684\uff08\u548c\u4e0d\u6355\u6349\u7684\uff09\u811a\u6ce8\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u5b8c\u5168\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u201c\u770b\u5f85\u201d\uff08view\uff09\u9875\u9762\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6211\u4eec\u9009\u62e9\u5173\u6ce8\u811a\u6ce8\u7684\u54ea\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5173\u6ce8\u884c\u9ad8\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u7684\u811a\u6ce8\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u5904\u662f\uff0c\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6b63\u6587\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u6539\u53d8\u5b57\u53f7\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u7684\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5bf9\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u5efa\u6a21\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u4f60\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c06\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Tu_11.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-14883\" width=\"820\" height=\"364\" title=\"\u56fe11.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Tu_11.png 878w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Tu_11-300x133.png 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Tu_11-768x341.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 820px) 100vw, 820px\" \/><figcaption>\u56fe8 \u7528\u4e8e\u6d4b\u91cf\u884c\u4e0e\u7a7a\u767d\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u57fa\u4e8e\u5e03\u5c40\u7684\u7279\u5f81<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"381\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Tu_12-1-1024x381.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-14884\" title=\"\u56fe12.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Tu_12-1-1024x381.png 1024w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Tu_12-1-300x112.png 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Tu_12-1-768x286.png 768w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Tu_12-1.png 1063w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>\u56fe9 \u53d6\u81ea\u201c\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7eaa\u4f5c\u54c1\u5728\u7ebf\u201d\u4e00\u4e2a\u6837\u672c\u9875\u9762\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u4e94\u884c\u7684\u884c\u9ad8\u76f4\u65b9\u56fe\u3002\u6b64\u5904\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u884c\u7684\u5782\u76f4\u6295\u5f71\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u76f4\u65b9\u56fe\u4e2d\u7684\u7ebf\u6761\u4ee3\u8868\u7740\u7ea2\u8272\u7ebf\u6846\u5185\u884c\u7684\u5782\u76f4\u5207\u7247\u3002\u76f4\u65b9\u56fe\u4e2d\u7ebf\u6761\u8d8a\u77ed\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u7740\u5e73\u5747\u884c\u9ad8\u8d8a\u5c0f\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"628\" height=\"726\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Tu_13.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-14637\" title=\"\u56fe13.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Tu_13.png 628w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Tu_13-260x300.png 260w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 628px) 100vw, 628px\" \/><figcaption>\u56fe10 \u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u9875\u9762\u88ab\u4e8c\u503c\u5316\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u538b\u7f29\u6210227\u50cf\u7d20\u00d7227\u50cf\u7d20\uff0851,529\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u4f7f\u5176\u6587\u5b57\u4e0d\u53ef\u8bfb\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6355\u6349\u811a\u6ce8\u7684\u9c9c\u660e\u7279\u5f81\u5374\u662f\u5f88\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u662f<strong>\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/strong>\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u54ea\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b97\u6cd5\u662f\u5de5\u7a0b\u56e2\u961f\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7b97\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u5f81\u8868\u8fbe\u6765\u6355\u6349\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6807\u8bb0\uff0c\u7a76\u7adf\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u5b8c\u6210\u6548\u679c\u5982\u4f55\u5462\uff1f<sup>[32]<\/sup>\u88683\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u7ec4\u5408\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u88683 \u4f7f\u7528\u56db\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u7ec4\u5408\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7c7b\u5904\u7406\u7684\u7ed3\u679c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Tu_14-1024x327.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-14636\" width=\"652\" height=\"208\" title=\"\u56fe14.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Tu_14-1024x327.png 1024w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Tu_14-300x96.png 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Tu_14-768x245.png 768w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Tu_14.png 1234w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 652px) 100vw, 652px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8868\u683c\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u56db\u79cd\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u9875\u9762\u8bc6\u522b\u4e3a\u5305\u542b\u6709\u811a\u6ce8\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a95%\u662f\u201c\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u201c\u67e5\u51c6\u7387\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u5217\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u3002\u201c\u67e5\u5168\u7387\u201d\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u662f\u5728\u88ab\u6807\u8bb0\u6709\u811a\u6ce8\u7684\u9875\u9762\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u591a\u5927\u6bd4\u4f8b\u88ab\u673a\u5668\u9884\u6d4b\u4e3a\u6709\u811a\u6ce8\u3002\u5728\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u5c31\u4f4e\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u6355\u6349\u5230\u4e86\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u6709\u811a\u6ce8\u7684\u9875\u9762\u603b\u6570\u768467%\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5927\u7ea6\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u6709\u811a\u6ce8\u9875\u9762\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u68c0\u6d4b\u51fa\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u51e1\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u7684\u67e5\u51c6\u7387\/\u67e5\u5168\u7387\u5229\u5f0a\u6743\u8861\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6700\u5e7f\u4e3a\u4eba\u77e5\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5c31\u662f\u673a\u573a\u5b89\u68c0\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u673a\u573a\u5b89\u68c0\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u52a8\u529b\uff08\u67e5\u5168\u7387\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\uff0c\u4e5f\u5373\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u56e0\u4e3a\u88ab\u6000\u7591\u643a\u5e26\u6b66\u5668\u800c\u88ab\u62c9\u5230\u4e00\u8fb9\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u67e5\u51c6\u7387\u6bd4\u8f83\u4f4e\uff0c\u4e5f\u5373\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5047\u9633\u6027\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u88ab\u6000\u7591\u7684\u4eba\u5e76\u975e\u771f\u7684\u643a\u5e26\u4e86\u6b66\u5668\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"769\" height=\"731\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Tu_15.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-14635\" title=\"\u56fe15.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Tu_15.png 769w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Tu_15-300x285.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 769px) 100vw, 769px\" \/><figcaption>\u56fe11 \u5de6\u4fa7\u7684\u5047\u9633\u6027\u51fa\u81ea<em>An Account of the Late Proceedings of the Dissenting Ministers at Salters-Hall<\/em>\uff081719\uff09\u3002\u53f3\u4fa7\u7684\u5047\u9634\u6027\u51fa\u81ea&nbsp;<em>Les Veritables Oeuvres de Monsieur de Saint-Evremond<\/em>\uff081706\uff09\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u800c\u6bd4\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u503c\u8868\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u5bf9\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u5b9a\u6027\u68c0\u67e5\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u8868\u683c\u751f\u6210\u540e\u5fc5\u987b\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u3002\u54ea\u4e9b\u79cd\u7c7b\u7684\u9875\u9762\u88ab\u9519\u8bef\u5730\u8bc6\u522b\u4e3a\u5e26\u6709\u811a\u6ce8\uff0c\u800c\u54ea\u4e9b\u6709\u811a\u6ce8\u7684\u53c8\u9519\u8bef\u5730\u88ab\u6f0f\u6389\u4e86\uff1f\u5728\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e3e\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u5047\u9633\u6027\u201d\uff08\u88ab\u9884\u6d4b\u4e3a\u6709\u811a\u6ce8\u7684\u9875\u9762\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u811a\u6ce8\uff09\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u5047\u9634\u6027\u201d\uff08\u6709\u811a\u6ce8\u7684\u9875\u9762\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u9884\u6d4b\u51fa\uff09\uff08\u89c1\u56fe11\uff09\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u5de6\u8fb9\u7684\u9875\u9762\u56fe\u50cf\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u5728\u9875\u9762\u7684\u5e95\u90e8\uff0c\u6587\u672c\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5176\u4e0e\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u6587\u672c\u662f\u5206\u5f00\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u5b57\u4f53\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5b83\u7f3a\u5c11\u6307\u6d89\u6587\u672c\u6b63\u6587\u7684\u811a\u6ce8\u6807\u8bb0\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u811a\u6ce8\u6807\u8bb0\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u592a\u96be\u68c0\u6d4b\u51fa\u6765\u4e86\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u603b\u6570\u4e0d\u591a\u7684\u5047\u9633\u6027\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u70b9\u3002\u800c\u5728\u53f3\u8fb9\u9875\u9762\u56fe\u50cf\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u901a\u7bc7\u6392\u5b57\u90fd\u4e0d\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u811a\u6ce8\u4e5f\u4e0d\u7a81\u51fa\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u811a\u6ce8\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b57\u548c\u88c5\u9970\u56fe\u6848\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u63a9\u76d6\u4e86\u5b83\u7684\u201c\u9875\u811a\u5c5e\u6027\u201d\uff08footness\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5b83\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u4f4d\u4e8e\u9875\u9762\u5e95\u90e8\u7684\u3002\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u9875\u811a\u6587\u672c\u4e0e\u6b63\u6587\u6587\u672c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u90fd\u662f\u9875\u811a\u53ef\u80fd\u672a\u88ab\u68c0\u6d4b\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7279\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7406\u89e3\u9519\u8bef\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5173\u952e\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u8fd9\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u8bbe\u8ba1\u51fa\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u68c0\u6d4b\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u5f52\u7eb3\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6709\u5c40\u9650\u7684\u3002\u800c\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u591a\u53d8\u6027\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e0e\u8bad\u7ec3\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5c40\u9650\uff08\u5982\u4f55\u8bc6\u522b\u51fa\u4e00\u6761\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4f8b\u5916\uff09\uff0c\u610f\u5473\u7740<strong>\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u4e0e\u9519\u8bef\u5c06\u5185\u5728\u5730\u6210\u4e3a\u5206\u6790\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206<\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5bf9\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u7684\u65b0\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u524d\u8fdb\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u53cd\u601d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-medium-font-size\" style=\"color:#0071a1\"><strong>\u4e09\u3001\u811a\u6ce8\u7684\u5386\u53f2<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u5b66\u5230\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f\u4e00\u65e6\u80fd\u591f\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u5730\u68c0\u6d4b\u811a\u6ce8\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u80fd\u591f\u8bb2\u8ff0\u5173\u4e8e\u5370\u5237\u3001\u4f20\u64ad\u548c\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u65b0\u5386\u53f2\uff1f\u6b63\u5982\u5728\u56fe12\u4e2d\u6240\u89c1\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a18\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u4ece\u6574\u4e2a\u6587\u5316\u666e\u904d\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u5370\u5237\u7684\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\uff0c\u811a\u6ce8\u90fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u89c4\u5316\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5e38\u89c4\u5316\u662f\u5f88\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u3002\u76f4\u523018\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u671f\uff08\u4e00\u4e2a\u7edf\u8ba1\u6a21\u578b\u663e\u793a\uff0c1745\u5e74\u662f\u8f6c\u6298\u70b9\uff09\uff0c\u811a\u6ce8\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u76f4\u9075\u5faa\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u5ea6\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u589e\u957f\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u8d8b\u5e73\u4e86\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u5bf9\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u5171\u8bc6\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u6240\u6709\u5370\u5237\u9875\u9762\u4e2d\u5927\u7ea65.2%\u8bbe\u6709\u811a\u6ce8\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5\u524d\u6ca1\u6709\u770b\u5230\u7684\uff1a\u5927\u7684\u6587\u5316\u884c\u4e3a\u9075\u5faa\u7740\u5148\u589e\u957f\u800c\u540e\u8fbe\u5230\u5171\u8bc6\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u5c40\u90e8\u7684\u5e74\u5ea6\u5dee\u5f02\u600e\u6837\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u5230\u8fd9\u79cd\u56fe\u5f62\u5316\u624b\u6bb5\u7684\u8fd0\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u6240\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b\u6027\u7a0b\u5ea6\u90fd\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u8bb6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d1\u73b0\u4e5f\u5f00\u542f\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u811a\u6ce8\u7684\u666e\u53ca\u7387\u7a33\u5b9a\u57285%\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6709\u90a3\u4e9b\u6ce2\u52a8\uff1f\u5728\u6807\u9898\u4e2d\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u8bed\u4e49\u6807\u8bb0\u4e0e\u9875\u9762\u4e2d\u811a\u6ce8\u6982\u7387\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u76f8\u5173\u5417\uff1f\u6587\u672c\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u4e0e\u5176\u89c6\u89c9\u7279\u5f81\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u53ef\u8fa8\u8bc6\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff1f\u5173\u4e8e18\u4e16\u7eaa\u6b27\u6d32\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u95ee\u9898\u80fd\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u3002\u5f88\u5feb\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u66f4\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u5f15\u51fa\u4e86\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5173\u4e8e\u77e5\u8bc6\u53f2\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u63a8\u52a8\u4e8618\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e0a\u534a\u53f6\u811a\u6ce8\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5174\u8d77\uff1f\u6b63\u5982\u5b89\u4e1c\u5c3c\u00b7\u683c\u62c9\u592b\u987f\uff08Anthony Grafton\uff09\u6240\u8a00\uff0c\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u79d1\u4e2d\uff0c\u811a\u6ce8\u7684\u5174\u8d77\u5e94\u8be5\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u6709\u522b\u4e8e\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u548c\u73b0\u4ee3\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u4e66\u7c4d\u8bc4\u6ce8\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002<sup>[33]<\/sup>18\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e0a\u534a\u53f6\u811a\u6ce8\u65e5\u76ca\u76db\u884c\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4e0e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8bba\u70b9\u76f8\u5408\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u201c\u535a\u5b66\u5e1d\u56fd\u201d\uff08empire of erudition\uff09\u5f00\u59cb\u5206\u5316\u6210\u4e3a\u66f4\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u671f\u520a\u62a5\u9053\u7684\u201c\u6d88\u606f\u201d\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u6587\u5b66\u754c\u7684\u4e86\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u5206\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u9ad8\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5b66\u672f\u4f20\u64ad\u9886\u57df\uff1f<sup>[34]<\/sup>\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u811a\u6ce8\uff08\u4ee5\u53ca\u8868\u683c\u3001\u56fe\u8868\u3001\u53c2\u8003\u56fe\u8868\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u56fe\u5f62\u5316\u7279\u7684\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u89c6\u89c9\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u6211\u4eec\u627e\u5230\u89e3\u91ca\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6846\u67b6\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u4ece\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u7406\u89e3\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"670\" height=\"482\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Tu_16.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-14634\" title=\"\u56fe16.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Tu_16.png 670w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Tu_16-300x216.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 670px) 100vw, 670px\" \/><figcaption>18\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u811a\u6ce8<br>ECCO \u4e2d\u9884\u6d4b\u6709\u811a\u6ce8\u7684\u9875\u9762\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\u4e94\u5e74\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u53d8\u5316\u60c5\u51b5\uff08N=32,085,685\uff09<br>\u7eb5\u5750\u6807\uff1a\u6709\u811a\u6ce8\u7684\u9875\u9762 \/ %<br>\u6a2a\u5750\u6807\uff1a\u5e74\u4efd<br>\u56fe12 \u201c\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7eaa\u4f5c\u54c1\u5728\u7ebf\u201d\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u6bcf\u5e74\u6709\u811a\u6ce8\u7684\u9875\u9762\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u5e73\u5747\u503c<br>\u6765\u6e90\uff1aGale Cengage<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5728\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u6316\u6398\uff0c\u770b\u770b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5199\u4f5c\u7c7b\u522b\u6216\u8005\u9886\u57df\u5728\u811a\u6ce8\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u5426\u8868\u73b0\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8981\u9ed1\u767d\u5206\u660e\u5730\u4f53\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u6709\u4e9b\u96be\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a18\u4e16\u7eaa\u5386\u53f2\u5199\u4f5c\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u811a\u6ce8\u65b9\u9762\u660e\u663e\u5904\u4e8e\u9886\u5148\u5730\u4f4d\uff08\u89c1\u56fe13\uff09\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u683c\u62c9\u592b\u987f\u7b49\u5b66\u8005\u65e9\u5df2\u8bba\u8ff0\u7684\uff0c\u76f4\u523019\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\uff0c\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8e\u79d1\u5b66\u5199\u4f5c\uff08\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u56db\u4e2a\u7c7b\u522b\u4e2d\u4ece\u9ad8\u5230\u4f4e\u6392\u7b2c\u4e09\u7684\uff09\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u5199\u4f5c\u90fd\u66f4\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u5730\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u4e66\u7c4d\u95f4\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u3002<sup>[35]<\/sup>\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u6587\u827a\u7c7b\uff08Arts\uff09\u5982\u4f55\u663e\u8457\u5730\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u5f15\u6587\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4e0e\u4f17\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u8003\u8651\u523018\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e0a\u534a\u53f6\u66f4\u53ef\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u811a\u6ce8\u7684\u4e66\u7c4d\u7684\u8bed\u6587\u5b66\u6307\u6807\u90fd\u662f\u4e0e\u201c\u7eaf\u6587\u5b66\u201d\uff08belles lettres\uff09\u3001\u4fee\u8f9e\u548c\u7ecf\u5178\u8bed\u6587\u5b66\u76f8\u5173\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u51cf\u5c11\u8d8b\u52bf\u7279\u522b\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u3002<sup>[36]<\/sup>\u5728\u521b\u4f5c\u6027\u5199\u4f5c\u65b9\u9762\uff0c18\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u8f6c\u53d8\u5f88\u6709\u610f\u601d\u2014\u2014\u539f\u672c\u5176\u4e3a\u4e66\u7c4d\u95f4\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u9a71\u52a8\u8005\uff0c\u5230\u540e\u6765\u6108\u53d1\u7f3a\u5c11\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f15\u7528\u5374\u6210\u4e86\u5176\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u6587\u5b66\u9605\u8bfb\u4ece\u4e00\u79cd\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4ee5\u5b66\u672f\u89c6\u89d2\u4f20\u8fbe\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u65e8\u5728\u6210\u4e3a\u6709\u6c89\u6d78\u611f\u7684\u3001\u5207\u8eab\u7684\u9605\u8bfb\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6839\u636e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8f6c\u53d8\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u8fdc\u6bd4\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0a\u6240\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u8981\u65e9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u518d\u770b\u770b\u53e6\u4e00\u7ec4\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5373\u4e94\u4e2a\u6b27\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u9662\u520a\u8bba\u6587\u96c6\uff08\u89c1\u56fe14\uff09\u3002\u4ece\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c1800\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u5f15\u7528\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6ce2\u5927\u6d6a\u6f6e\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5b9a\u4e49\u79d1\u5b66\u5199\u4f5c\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u572818\u4e16\u7eaa\u6240\u89c1\u5230\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u522b\u5199\u4f5c\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u572819\u4e16\u7eaa\u88ab\u79d1\u5b66\u4f20\u64ad\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u522b\u7684\u9886\u57df\u8fdc\u8fdc\u629b\u5728\u4e86\u540e\u9762\u3002\u5728\u6b64\uff0c\u5173\u952e\u7684\u65f6\u671f\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f19\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e0a\u534a\u53f6\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f1825\u81f31850\u5e74\u671f\u95f4\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6211\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u5386\u53f2\u5199\u4f5c\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u731c\u6d4b\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u5b9e\u8df5\u4f1a\u8fdc\u8d85\u5386\u53f2\u7c7b\uff0c\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\u4e86\u5b66\u79d1\u683c\u5c40\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u65f6\u671f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u9662\u520a\u8bba\u6587\u96c6\u4e2d\u811a\u6ce8\u9875\u9762\u7684\u731b\u589e\uff0c\u4e0e\u79d1\u5b66\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u963f\u91cc\u514b\u65af\u00b7\u9f50\u8428\uff08Alex Csiszar\uff09\u6700\u8fd1\u6240\u8bf4\u76841830\u5e74\u4ee3\u201c\u671f\u520a\u95ef\u5165\u4e86\u7cbe\u82f1\u79d1\u5b66\u673a\u6784\u201d\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u67d0\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<sup>[37]<\/sup>\u5b66\u9662\u51b3\u5b9a\u51fa\u7248\u9662\u520a\u671f\u520a\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u50cf\u300a\u54f2\u5b66\u6c47\u520a\u300b\uff08<em>Philosophical Transactions<\/em>\uff09\u8fd9\u6837\u201c\u91cd\u91cf\u7ea7\u201d\uff08weighty\uff09\u4e14\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e25\u683c\u5177\u6709\u5468\u671f\u6027\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5934\u51fa\u7248\u7269\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5426\u4e5f\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5370\u5237\u548c\u9605\u8bfb\u5b9e\u8df5\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6811\u7acb\u77e5\u8bc6\u6743\u5a01\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u5370\u5237\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u89c6\u89c9\u53f2\u6240\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u521d\u6b65\u89c1\u89e3\u548c\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u800c\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4ecd\u53ef\u671f\u5f85\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"674\" height=\"509\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Tu_17.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-14633\" title=\"\u56fe17.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Tu_17.png 674w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Tu_17-300x227.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 674px) 100vw, 674px\" \/><figcaption>18\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u811a\u6ce8<br>ECCO \u4e2d\u9884\u6d4b\u6709\u811a\u6ce8\u7684\u9875\u9762\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\u4e94\u5e74\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u53d8\u5316\u60c5\u51b5\uff08N=32,085,685\uff09<br>\u7eb5\u5750\u6807\uff1a\u6709\u811a\u6ce8\u7684\u9875\u9762 \/ %<br>\u6a2a\u5750\u6807\uff1a\u5e74\u4efd<br>\u53f3\u4fa7\u56fe\u6ce8\uff1a\u7c7b\u522b\uff08\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u4f9d\u6b21\u4e3a\uff1a\u6587\u827a\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\uff09<br>\u56fe13 18 \u4e16\u7eaa\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u522b\u7684\u6587\u6863\u9875\u9762\u6709\u811a\u6ce8\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u503c<br>\u6765\u6e90\uff1aGale Cengage<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"740\" height=\"542\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Tu_18.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-14632\" title=\"\u56fe18.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Tu_18.png 740w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Tu_18-300x220.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 740px) 100vw, 740px\" \/><figcaption>\u4e94\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u9662\u520a\u8bba\u6587\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u811a\u6ce8<br>\u9884\u6d4b\u6709\u811a\u6ce8\u7684\u9875\u9762\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\u4e94\u5e74\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u53d8\u5316\u60c5\u51b5\uff08N=529,463\uff09<br>\u7eb5\u5750\u6807\uff1a\u6709\u811a\u6ce8\u7684\u9875\u9762 \/ %<br>\u6a2a\u5750\u6807\uff1a\u5e74\u4efd<br>\u56fe14 \u4e94\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u9662\u520a\u8bba\u6587\u96c6\u4e2d\u6709\u811a\u6ce8\u9875\u9762\u7684\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\u9884\u6d4b\u503c<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-medium-font-size\" style=\"color:#0071a1\"><strong>\u7ed3 \u8bba<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c1d\u8bd5\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u9875\u9762\u56fe\u50cf\u80fd\u591f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5386\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u6761\u4ef6\u548c\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u77e5\u8bc6\u53ef\u80fd\u4e3a\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u521d\u6b65\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u53ea\u5173\u6ce8\u4e2a\u522b\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8981\u6f84\u6e05\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d1\u73b0\u5f97\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u5411\u4e66\u7c4d\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u540c\u884c\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u6587\u6863\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u65b0\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u6280\u672f\u2014\u2014DIA\uff0c\u4e5f\u8981\u5411\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u548cDIA\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u4ecb\u7ecd\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u4e1a\u5df2\u6210\u719f\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u5b9e\u8df5\u548c\u89c4\u8303\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u4e0a\u6587\u6240\u6982\u62ec\u7684\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1DIA\u548c\u4e66\u7c4d\u53f2\u5904\u7406\u6587\u672c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u663e\u8457\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u8868\u660e\u7684\uff0cDIA\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u6b65\u9aa4\u4e2d\u5e38\u5e38\u9690\u542b\u7740\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u4e66\u7c4d\u53f2\u548c\u4e66\u5fd7\u5b66\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\u3002\u5b83\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5047\u8bbe\u3001\u5206\u7c7b\u3001\u89c1\u89e3\u548c\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u800c\u7b80\u5355\u5316\u5730\u5c06\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\u6216\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u4e0e\u4eba\u6587\u65b9\u6cd5\u5bf9\u7acb\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u63a9\u76d6\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5047\u8bbe\u3001\u5206\u7c7b\u3001\u89c1\u89e3\u548c\u7406\u5ff5\u3002\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u5728\u6863\u6848\u6761\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684DIA\u8ddf\u4e66\u7c4d\u53f2\u3001\u4e66\u5fd7\u5b66\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u4e0e\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u80fd\u591f\u4f7f\u5173\u4e8e\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u6863\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u6838\u5fc3\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u95ee\u9898\u6210\u4e3a\u5173\u6ce8\u7126\u70b9\u3002<sup>[38]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color\" 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style=\"color:#0071a1\"><strong>4.\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e0e\u9519\u8bef<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e66\u5fd7\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u8bed\u6587\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e00\u76f4\u90fd\u5728\u601d\u8003\u5173\u4e8e\u201c\u9519\u8bef\u201d\uff08error\uff09\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u4ece\u6587\u672c\u201c\u8150\u8d25\u201d\uff08corruptions\uff09\uff08\u8fd9\u662f\u672c\u6765\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u88ab\u6b6a\u66f2\u7684\u6765\u6e90\uff09\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u4ece\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bc4\u8bba\u8005\u5bf9\u8fc7\u53bb\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u63a8\u8bba\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0a\u5904\u7406\u6587\u672c\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u5bfb\u6c42\u53bb\u9664\u6216\u8005\u6539\u6b63\u8fd9\u4e9b\u201c\u9519\u8bef\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u50cfDIA\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\u5219\u5c06\u9519\u8bef\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6784\u6210\u5176\u6240\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u533a\u522b\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0cDIA\u5c06\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u63a8\u8bba\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5728\u4ea7\u751f\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u9875\u9762\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u65f6\uff0cDIA\u5c31\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u5b83\u6240\u8981\u5c1d\u8bd5\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u53ca\u5176\u6d4b\u91cf\u6210\u529f\u7684\u9650\u5ea6\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cDIA\u5e76\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u505a\u51fa\u5173\u4e8e\u811a\u6ce8\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u660e\u786e\u7684\u8303\u7574\u5224\u65ad\uff08\u5982\u201c\u6709\u811a\u6ce8\u201d\u6216\u201c\u65e0\u811a\u6ce8\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u6982\u7387\u4f30\u8ba1\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7b97\u6cd5\u670968%\u6216\u800592%\u7684\u6982\u7387\u786e\u5b9a\u8be5\u9875\u9762\u4e0a\u6709\u811a\u6ce8\uff09\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6982\u7387\u5982\u4f55\u4e0e\u5bf9\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u6587\u6863\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u6027\u5224\u65ad\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u6253\u5f00\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u6761\u65b0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u901a\u9053\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6280\u672f\u3001\u6863\u6848\u548c\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f00\u59cb\u8bb2\u8ff0\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u5177\u6709\u63a8\u8bba\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff1f\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u5efa\u6784\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u5386\u53f2\u53d9\u8ff0\uff1f\u5f53\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u8ba1\u7b97\u5efa\u6a21\u65f6\uff0c\u9519\u8bef\u548c\u8bba\u8bc1\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u53c8\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u8bd5\u56fe\u8868\u660e\u7684\uff0cDIA\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5b9d\u8d35\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u4ee5\u524d\u4eba\u5de5\u8fdb\u884c\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6587\u6863\u6863\u6848\u6574\u7406\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u73b0\u8c61\uff0cDIA\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5438\u6536\u4e66\u7c4d\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u4e66\u5fd7\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u5f88\u591a\u539f\u5219\u548c\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff0cDIA\u628a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u5f62\u5f0f\u63d2\u5165\u5230\u5bf9\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u53bb\u4e86\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0cDIA\u8fd8\u4e3a\u5386\u53f2\u89e3\u91ca\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u5177\u6709\u6311\u6218\u6027\u7684\u65b0\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8be5\u600e\u4e48\u770b\u5f85\u5728\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6587\u6863\u8bc1\u636e\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u591a\u91cd\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u8fd9\u8be5\u4f1a\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u5462\uff1f\u518d\u8bf4\u5230\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u591a\u6837\u7684\u800c\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u53c8\u662f\u5076\u7136\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u6307\u5f15\u7740\u52a0\u6807\u6ce8\u548c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u5438\u7eb3\u5b83\u4eec\u5462\uff1f\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u56f4\u7ed5\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u9519\u8bef\u7b49\u6982\u5ff5\u6765\u6784\u5efa\u5386\u53f2\u53d9\u8ff0\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8ba9\u6240\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u53d9\u8ff0\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u7269\u5462\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53ea\u662fDIA\u5e26\u7ed9\u5386\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u524d\u8fdb\u7684\u5171\u540c\u4f53\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u6765\u56de\u7b54\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color\" style=\"color:#0071a1\"> &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212; <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color\" style=\"color:#0071a1\"><strong>The Page Image: Towards a Visual History of Digital Documents<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Andrew Piper, Chad Wellmon, Mohamed Cheriet<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Abstract:&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cDocument Image Analysis\u201d (DIA) is a procedural, transformative and contingent form of knowledge, which also possesses the probability of error intrinsically. In the study of historical archives, this approach draws on the traditions of book history and bibliography, as well as a theory of inter-mediality. It moves away from a text-centric understanding of the page and takes the whole \u201cpage image\u201d as the object of its analyses. It does not aim to build an ideal version of the original anymore, but to understand the past social practices better through constructing and analyzing new representations of the page. In practice, DIA has developed a set of procedural methods, including normalization, segmentation, feature selection, machine training, prediction and validation, so as to analyze the different visual features of the pages. This article applies these methods to the analysis of the prevalence of footnotes in four domains of writing in 18th century, which are arts, history, religion and science, and to the proceedings of five European national academies of science in the 18th-19th centuries, showing a new period of disciplinary configuration. This suggests that \u201cDocument Image Analysis\u201d is a valuable tool for historical research.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong>&nbsp;Page Image; Document Image Analysis; Book History; Bibliography; History of Knowledge<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color\" style=\"color:#0071a1\">&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\">&nbsp;\u7f16&nbsp;\u8f91&nbsp; |&nbsp; \u59dc\u6587\u6d9b<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u539f\u6587\u4fe1\u606f\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>Andrew Piper, Chad Wellmon, and Mohamed Cheriet, \u201cThe Page Image: Towards a Visual History of Digital Documents,\u201dBook History, vol. 23, 2020, pp. 365-397, published by Johns Hopkins University Press, DOI:&nbsp;<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1353\/bh.2020.0010.\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1353\/bh.2020.0010.<\/a><\/p><p>\u611f\u8c22\u4f5c\u8005\u3001\u8bd1\u8005\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u970d\u666e\u91d1\u65af\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u6388\u4e88\u4e2d\u6587\u7248\u6743\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color\" style=\"color:#0071a1\"><strong>\u6ce8\u91ca\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[1]\u53c2\u89c1Proceedings of the First International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR 1991)\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5173\u4e8e\u6587\u6863\u56fe\u50cf\u5206\u6790\u5927\u4f1a\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u96c6\u7adf\u7136\u4ece\u6ca1\u6709\u6570\u5b57\u5316\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u5206\u6790\u3002\u5728\u6587\u6863\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u7684\u5947\u7279\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u5012\u5e76\u4e0d\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u8bb6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[2]George Nagy, \u201cTwenty Years of Document Image Analysis in PAMI,\u201d<em>IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence<\/em>, vol. 22, no. 1, 2000, pp. 38-62.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[3]Ryan Cordell, \u201cQ i-jtb the Raven: Taking Dirty OCR Seriously,\u201d<em>Book History<\/em>, vol. 20, 2017, pp. 188-225.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[4]Matthew Kirschenbaum,&nbsp;<em>Mechanisms: New Media and the Forensic Imagination<\/em>, Cambridge: MIT Press, 2008.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[5]Andrew Piper, \u201cDeleafing: The History and Future of Losing Print,\u201d<em>Gramma<\/em>, Special Issue on \u201cThe History and Future of the Nineteenth-Century Book,\u201d eds. Maria Schoina and Andrew Stauffer, vol. 21, 2013.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[6]Chirstoph Windg\u00e4tter, Medienwechsel.&nbsp;<em>Vom Nutzen und Nachteil der Sprache f\u00fcr die Schrift<\/em>, Berlin: Kadmos, 2006. Also see Carlos Spoerhase,&nbsp;<em>Linie, Fl\u00e4che, Raum: Die Drei Dimensionen des Buches in der Diskussion der Gegenwart und der Moderne<\/em>, G\u00f6ttingen: Wallstein, 2016.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[7]Garrett Stewart,&nbsp;<em>The Look of Reading: Book, Painting, Text<\/em>, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2006.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[8]Walter Ong,&nbsp;<em>Orality and Literacy: The Technologizing of the Word<\/em>, London; New York: Methuen, 1982; Sybille Kr\u00e4mer,&nbsp;<em>Schriftbildlichkeit: Wahrnehmbarkeit, Materialt\u00e4t and Operativit\u00e4t von Notationen<\/em>, Berlin: Akademie Verlag, 2012; Sybille Kr\u00e4mer, \u201cZwischen Anschauung und Denken: Zur Epistemologischen Bedeutung des Graphismus,\u201d<em>Was Sich Nicht Sagen L\u00e4sst<\/em>, eds. Joachim Bromand and Guido Kreis, Berlin: Akadamie Verlag, 2010. \u514b\u83b1\u9ed8\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u8bd5\u56fe\u91cd\u65b0\u601d\u8003\u90a3\u4e9b\u5bf9\u4e0e\u53e3\u8ff0\u548c\u5b57\u6bcd\u5316\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4e66\u5199\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[9]Mara Mills, \u201cPrint Disability. Die Ko-Konstruktion von Blindheit und Lesen,\u201d<em>Disability Trouble<\/em>, ed. Ulrike Bergermann, Berlin: B_books, 2013, pp. 195-204.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[10]Mark Changizi,&nbsp;<em>The Vision Revolution: How the Latest Research Overturns Everything We Thought We Knew About Human Vision<\/em>, Dallas: BenBella Books, 2009; Stanislas Dehaene,&nbsp;<em>Reading in the Brain: The New Science of How We Read<\/em>, New York: Penguin, 2009.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[11]Paul Fyfe, Qian Ge, \u201cImage Analytics and the Nineteenth-Century Illustrated Newspaper,\u201d<em>Journal of Cultural Analytics<\/em>, October 24, 2018, DOI: 10.22148\/16.026; Neal Audenaert, Natalie Houston, \u201cVisualPage: Towards Large Scale Analysis of Nineteenth-Century Print Culture,\u201d 2013 IEEE International Conference on Big Data, 2013, pp. 9-16.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[12]Adrian Johns,&nbsp;<em>The Nature of the Book: Print and Knowledge in the Making<\/em>, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000; Elizabeth Eisenstein,&nbsp;<em>The Printing Revolution in Early Modern Europe<\/em>, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983; Ann Blair,&nbsp;<em>Too Much to Know: Managing Scholarly Information before the Modern Age<\/em>, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2011; Aileen Fyfe, Bernard Lightman,&nbsp;<em>Science in the Marketplace: Nineteenth-Century Sites and Experiences<\/em>, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[13]Bradley Pasanek, Chad Wellmon, \u201cThe Enlightenment Index,\u201d<em>The Eighteenth-Century Theory and Interpreation<\/em>, vol. 56, no. 3, 2015, pp. 257-280; Anthony Grafton,&nbsp;<em>The Footnote: A Curious History<\/em>, Harvard: Harvard University Press, 1999.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[14]John Bender, Michael Marrinan,&nbsp;<em>The Culture of the Diagram<\/em>, Palo Alto: Stanford University Press, 2010.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[15]Lorraine Daston, Peter Galison,&nbsp;<em>Objectivity<\/em>, Cambridge: Zone, 2007; Barbara Maria Stafford,<em>&nbsp;Artful Science: Enlightenment and Entertainment and the Eclipse of Visual Education<\/em>, Cambridge: MIT Press, 1996.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[16]Lorraine Daston, Peter Galison,&nbsp;<em>Objectivity<\/em>, 2007.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[17]\u53c2\u89c1\u4e24\u672c\u8fd1\u671f\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u7279\u520a\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bdd\u9898\uff1aKrishan Kumar, Herbert F. Tucker, \u201cWrit Large,\u201d Special Issue of&nbsp;<em>New Literary History<\/em>, vol. 48, no. 4, 2017; James English, Ted Underwood,\u201cScale and Value: New and Digital Approaches to Literary History,\u201d Special Issue of&nbsp;<em>MLQ<\/em>&nbsp;,vol.77, no. 3, 2016\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[18]Philip Gaskell,&nbsp;<em>A New Introduction to Bibliography<\/em>, New Castle: Oak Knoll, 1995, pp. 154-159.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[19]John Harthan,&nbsp;<em>The History of the Illustrated Book: The Western Tradition<\/em>, London: Thames and Hudson, 1981; Gordon Ray,&nbsp;<em>The Illustrator and the Book in England from 1790 to 1914<\/em>, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1976; Arthur R\u00fcmann,&nbsp;<em>Das Illustrierte Buch des XIX. Jahrhunderts in England, Frankreich und Deutschland, 1790-1860<\/em>, Leipzig, 1930; Theodor Kutschmann,&nbsp;<em>Geschichte der deutschen Illustration, vom ersten Auftreten des Formschnittes bis auf die Gegenwart<\/em>, Berlin: F. J\u00e4ger, 1900.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[20]\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9DIA\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u672c\u624b\u518c\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f3a\u70c8\u5411\u5bf9\u6b64\u9886\u57df\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u63a8\u8350\uff1aCheriet Mohamed et al.,&nbsp;<em>Character Recognition Systems<\/em>, Hoboken: Wiley, 2007; David Doerman, Karl Tombre,&nbsp;<em>Handbook of Document Image Processing and Recognition<\/em>, London: Springer, 2014.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[21]<em>D. F. McKenzie, Bibliography and the Sociology of Texts<\/em>, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999. \u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8bf7\u89c1\u300a\u56fe\u4e66\u8bb0\u5fc6\u300b\uff08<em>Memoire du Livre<\/em>\uff09\u5173\u4e8e\u201c\u6587\u672c\u5386\u53f2\u201d\u7684\u4e13\u520a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u539f\u5219\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002\u201cTextual Histories,\u201d<em>Memoire du Livre<\/em>, ed. Yuri Cowan, vol. 4, no. 2, 2013.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[22]Cordell, \u201cQ i-jtb the Raven,&#8221; pp. 188-225.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[23]Andreas Dengel, Faisal Shafait, \u201cAnalysis of the Logical Layout of Documents,\u201d<em>Handbook of Document Image Processing and Recognition<\/em>, eds. David Doermann and Karl Tombre, London: Springer, 2014, p. 188.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[24]Dengel, Shafait, \u201cAnalysis of the Logical Layout of Documents,\u201d p. 188.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[25]Simone Marinai, \u201cPage Similarity and Classification,\u201d<em>Handbook of Document Image Processing and Recognition<\/em>, pp. 223-253.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[26]See The Multigraph Collective,&nbsp;<em>Interacting with Print<\/em>, Chicago: University Of Chicago Press, 2017.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[27]Joseph Lord Bishop of Bristol,&nbsp;<em>A sermon preached before the Incorporated Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts<\/em>, 1739.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[28]Johns,&nbsp;<em>The Nature of the Book<\/em>, 2000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[29]\u8fd9\u662f\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u5386\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u6210\u529f\u7684\u6269\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\uff0c\u8fdc\u975e\u5bf9\u4e2a\u522b\u5bf9\u8c61\u6216\u8005\u6587\u6863\u7684\u8fd1\u8ddd\u79bb\u3001\u76f4\u63a5\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u5b83\u9996\u5148\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u7f29\u5c0f\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u7f29\u5c0f\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u5bf9\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\u6700\u5177\u4f53\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u6df1\u5165\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[30]Mohamed Mhiri et al., \u201cFootnote-based Document Image Classification Using 1D Convolutional Neural Networks and Histograms,\u201d International Conference on Image Processing Theory, Tools, and Applications, 2017.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[31]Sherif Abuelwafa et al., \u201cFeature Learning for Footnote-Based Document Image Classification,\u201d International Conference on Image Analysis and Recognition, 2017, pp. 643\u2013650, DOI: 10.1007\/978\u20133\u2013 319\u201359876\u20135_71.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[32]\u4e3a\u4e86\u805a\u7126\u4e8e\u672c\u6587\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7565\u53bb\u4e86\u5bf9\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u53ca\u5176\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u5904\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u66f4\u5168\u9762\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\uff1aSherif Abuelwafa et al., \u201cDetecting Footnotes in 32 Million Pages of ECCO,\u201d<em>Journal of Cultural Analytics<\/em>, December 3, 2018, DOI: 10.31235\/osf.io\/7m8ue\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[33]Anthony Grafton,&nbsp;<em>The Footnote: A Curious History<\/em>, Harvard: Harvard University Press, 1999.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[34]Chad Wellmon,&nbsp;<em>Organizing Enlightenment: Information Overload and the Invention of the Modern Research University<\/em>, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2015, pp. 45-76.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[35]Anthony Grafton,&nbsp;<em>The Footnote: A Curious History<\/em>, Harvard: Harvard University Press, 1999.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[36]\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u201cg-\u68c0\u9a8c\u201d\uff08g-test\uff09\u8fd9\u4e00\u4fe1\u606f\u7406\u8bba\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u8bc6\u522b\uff0c\u57281700\u20141745\u5e74\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u6e21\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8e\u4e00\u822c\u56fe\u4e66\uff0c\u54ea\u4e9b\u8bcd\u66f4\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u4e8e\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u811a\u6ce8\u7684\u56fe\u4e66\u4e66\u540d\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[37] Alex Csiszar,&nbsp;<em>The Scientific Journal: Authorship and the Politics of Knowledge in the Nineteenth Century<\/em>, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2018, p.6.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[38]\u5173\u4e8e\u5728\u6587\u5316\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u4e2d\u5e0c\u671b\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u636e\u9a71\u52a8\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\u6240\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u6311\u6218\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u76ca\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u53c2\u89c1\uff1aChristopher A. Bail, \u201cThe Cultural Environment: Measuring Culture with Big Data,\u201d<em>Theoretical Sociology<\/em>, 2014, vol. 43, pp. 465-482\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[39]\u5173\u4e8e\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u6027\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u53c2\u89c1\uff1aBenjamin M. Schmidt, \u201cDo Digital Humanists Need to Understand Algorithms?,\u201d<em>Debates in Digital Humanities<\/em>, vol. 48, 2016.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[40]See Darcy Cullen,&nbsp;<em>Editors, Scholars, and the Social Text<\/em>, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u539f\u520a\u300a\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u300b2021\u5e74\u7b2c3\u671f\uff0c\u8f6c\u8f7d\u8bf7\u8054\u7cfb\u6388\u6743\u3002<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u201c\u6587\u6863\u56fe\u50cf\u5206\u6790\u201d\uff08DIA\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5177\u6709\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6027\u3001\u8f6c\u6362\u6027\u548c\u5076\u7136\u6027\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u5305\u62ec\u51fa\u9519\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u2026\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":14880,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[3270],"tags":[3305,3434,3433,3432,347,3435,3431],"class_list":["post-14631","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-3270","tag-3305","tag-3434","tag-3433","tag-3432","tag-347","tag-3435","tag-3431"],"blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":6}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14631","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14631"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14631\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15016,"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14631\/revisions\/15016"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14880"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14631"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14631"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14631"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}