{"id":1570,"date":"2021-04-10T00:19:02","date_gmt":"2021-04-09T16:19:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/?p=1570"},"modified":"2024-04-04T01:21:39","modified_gmt":"2024-04-03T17:21:39","slug":"%e6%9c%ba%e5%99%a8%e5%ad%a6%e4%b9%a0%e4%b8%8e%e4%ba%ba%e6%96%87%e8%a7%86%e8%a7%92","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/site\/works\/dhjournal\/202003\/1570.html","title":{"rendered":"\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u4e0e\u4eba\u6587\u89c6\u89d2"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u7279\u5fb7\u00b7\u5b89\u5fb7\u4f0d\u5fb7 \uff1b\u8f6c\u81ea\uff1a\u516c\u53f7 DH\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong><span style=\"color:#60569a\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8df5<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"452\" height=\"177\" 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class=\"has-text-align-right\">(\u82cf\u771f)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u5f15\u8a00<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>        \u5173\u4e8e\u6587\u5b66\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u6bd4\u201c\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u77ed\u8bed\u8981\u65e9\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u7528\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u523020\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u671f\u201c\u7528\u7b14\u548c\u56fe\u7eb8\u201d\u5de5\u4f5c\u65f6\u9047\u5230\u7684\u95ee\u9898<sup>[2]<\/sup>\uff0c\u5bf9\u5b9a\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5f97\u66f4\u8fdc\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u6279\u8bc4\u5bb6\u4eec\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u7a33\u5b9a\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u4e2d\u7acb\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u4f46\u4ee3\u4ef7\u662f\u4f7f\u591a\u6837\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u6241\u5e73\u5316\u4e86\uff0c\u800c\u6b63\u662f\u89c6\u89d2\u7684\u591a\u6837\u6027\u7ed9\u5386\u53f2\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e86\u610f\u4e49\u30021910\u5e74\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u7ecf\u9a8c\u89c6\u89d2\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u72c4\u5c14\u6cf0\u628a\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b66\u4ece\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u5206\u79bb\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u539f\u56e0<sup>[3]<\/sup>\u30021973\u5e74\uff0c\u65af\u5766\u5229\u00b7\u8d39\u4ec0(Stanley Fish)\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u800c\u53cd\u5bf9\u5bf9\u6587\u5b66\u98ce\u683c\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9a\u91cf\u7814\u7a76<sup>[4]<\/sup>\u3002\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\u4e54\u7eb3\u68ee\u00b7\u65af\u5a01\u592b\u7279(Jonathan Swift)\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u8fde\u63a5\u8bcd\u3002\u4f46\u8d39\u4ec0\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u65af\u5a01\u592b\u7279\u98ce\u683c\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u610f\u4e49\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u7fa4\u4f53\u800c\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>        \u8fd9\u4e9b\u53cd\u5bf9\u610f\u89c1\u4ece\u672a\u963b\u6b62\u6587\u5b66\u5b66\u8005\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u8bed\u5883\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u4e66\u7c4d\u53f2\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u7c7b\u4f8b\u5916\u4f3c\u4e4e\u53ea\u662f\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6761\u89c4\u5219:\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u5927\u81f4\u5206\u4e3a\u201c\u89e3\u91ca\u201d\u5b66\u79d1\u548c\u201c\u5b9a\u91cf\u201d\u5b66\u79d1<sup>[5]<\/sup>\u3002\u5f53\u4ee3\u5173\u4e8e\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u8ffd\u6eaf\u540c\u6837\u7684\u5206\u6b67\u3002\u5f17\u5170\u514b\u00b7\u83ab\u96f7\u8482\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u8fdc\u8bfb(distant reading)\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u201c\u89e3\u91ca\u4e00\u822c\u7ed3\u6784\u201d\u53d6\u4ee3\u201c\u89e3\u91ca\u201d\u7684\u9879\u76ee<sup>[6]<\/sup>\u3002\u6279\u8bc4\u5bb6\u56de\u5e94\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b9a\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u603b\u662f\u4f1a\u5ffd\u7565\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\uff0c\u5373\u7a81\u51fa\u201c\u4eba\u7c7b\u611f\u77e5\u201d\u7684\u201c\u65e0\u7a77\u53d8\u5316\u201d<sup>[7]<\/sup>\u3002\u53cc\u65b9\u4f3c\u4e4e\u90fd\u5728\u91cd\u753320\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u5171\u8bc6\uff0c\u5373\u6570\u5b57\u53ea\u7528\u4e8e\u8861\u91cf\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u91ca\u89c6\u89d2\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u5df2\u7ecf\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u5177\u6709\u89e3\u91ca\u6027\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u89c9\u5f97\u53ef\u4ee5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6574\u4e2a\u8fa9\u8bba\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>        \u572820\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5b9a\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u89e3\u91ca\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u754c\u9650\u603b\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e17\u900f\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u8fdb\u6b65\u4f7f\u5176\u6613\u4e8e\u8de8\u8d8a\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5b66\u4e60\u7b97\u6cd5\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5177\u4f53\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u4e3a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u521b\u4f5c\u6216\u63a5\u53d7\u7fa4\u4f53\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5047\u8bbe\u8fdb\u884c\u5efa\u6a21\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7ed9\u5b9a\u91cf\u7814\u7a76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u4ece\u8fc7\u53bb\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u89c2\u6d4b\u70b9\u6765\u8003\u5bdf\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6d4b\u91cf\u89c2\u6d4b\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u89c6\u5dee\u3002\u6587\u5b66\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u6700\u8fd1\u624d\u5f00\u59cb\u53d1\u6398\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u4f46\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u6d4b\u91cf\u548c\u89e3\u91ca\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u5176\u6240\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u4fee\u6b63\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u7406\u89e3\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4e89\u8bba\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u63a2\u7d22\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u900f\u89c6\u7528\u9014\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-rounded\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u4f5c\u8005\u7167\u7247\uff1aTed-Underwood.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1575\" width=\"297\" height=\"297\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u4f5c\u8005\u7167\u7247\uff1aTed-Underwood.jpeg 474w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u4f5c\u8005\u7167\u7247\uff1aTed-Underwood-300x300.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u4f5c\u8005\u7167\u7247\uff1aTed-Underwood-150x150.jpeg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 297px) 100vw, 297px\" \/><figcaption>Ted Underwood<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\"><strong>\u4e00\u3001\u4ece\u6d4b\u91cf\u5230\u5efa\u6a21<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br>        \u81ea\u4ece1973\u5e74\u8d39\u4ec0\u5bf9\u5b9a\u91cf\u6587\u5b66\u5206\u6790\u8fdb\u884c\u6279\u8bc4\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u4e8b\u60c5\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u7535\u8111\u901f\u5ea6\u66f4\u5feb\u4e86\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u8d44\u6e90\u66f4\u4e30\u5bcc\u4e86\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u8005\u7ecf\u5e38\u7528\u5b83\u4eec\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u79d1\u5bf9\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u65e5\u76ca\u4f9d\u8d56\u3002\u6279\u8bc4\u5bb6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u89e3\u91ca\u662f\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u6ca1\u6709\u9519\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u5728\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u5f80\u5f80\u66f4\u6709\u7528\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u89c4\u6a21\u672c\u8eab\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u89e3\u51b3\u56f0\u6270\u65e9\u671f\u5b9a\u91cf\u7814\u7a76\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u5b66\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8ba9\u6587\u5b66\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u96be\u4ee5\u6d4b\u91cf\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u8bed\u5883\u4e2d\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>        \u8981\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5b9a\u91cf\u7814\u7a76\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u6700\u8fd1\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u53d6\u5f97\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5728\u5927\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5927\u8086\u5ba3\u4f20(\u548c\u8b66\u544a)\u4e4b\u5916\u6316\u6398\uff0c\u5e76\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u6218\u7565\u7684\u5fae\u5999\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f6c\u53d8\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u300a\u7f8e\u56fd\u73b0\u4ee3\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u4f1a\u4f1a\u520a\u300b(<em>PMLA<\/em>)\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u8fc7\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6682\u65f6\u6401\u7f6e\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e0e\u7ecf\u5178\u6587\u672c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u91cd\u65b0\u5c06\u7406\u8bba\u8ba8\u8bba\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u201c\u6a21\u578b\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0a<sup>[8]<\/sup>\u3002\u5efa\u7acb\u7edf\u8ba1\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u4eba\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u901a\u5e38\u7814\u7a76\u4e24\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u80cc\u666f\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u754c\u9650\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8bd5\u56fe\u6d4b\u91cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bd5\u56fe\u901a\u8fc7\u6d4b\u91cf\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u754c\u9650<sup>[9]<\/sup>\u3002\u6d4b\u91cf\u5230\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u672c\u8eab\u53ef\u80fd\u5e76\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u62ec\u6807\u70b9\u7b26\u53f7\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5c0f\u4e8b\u3002\u63a2\u7a76\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u6d4b\u91cf\u4efb\u4f55\u5177\u6709\u5185\u5728\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u2014\u2014\u4e0d\u540c\u6d4b\u91cf\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u5c06\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u80cc\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>        \u8003\u8651\u4e00\u4e0b\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u522b\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u6027\u522b\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u8868\u73b0<sup>[10]<\/sup>\u8fd8\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u201c\u5730\u4f4d\u201d<sup>[11]<\/sup>\uff0c\u6027\u522b\u663e\u7136\u662f\u5173\u7cfb\u6027\u7684\u3002\u4e0e\u5176\u8bf4\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u4e8e\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u8bf4\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u4e3b\u4f53\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u89c2\u4f17\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\u8f6c\u5411\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\u65f6\uff0c\u6027\u522b\u7c7b\u522b\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e5f\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u201c\u7537\u5b50\u6c14\u6982\u201d(masculinity)\u57281950\u5e74\u548c1850\u5e74\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5bf9\u5973\u6027\u548c\u7537\u6027\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5177\u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u7c7b\u522b\u6700\u597d\u662f\u95f4\u63a5\u5730\u8868\u793a\u3002\u5b9a\u4e49\u6216\u8861\u91cf\u7537\u5b50\u6c14\u6982\u662f\u6beb\u65e0\u610f\u4e49\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7c7b\u522b\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u7537\u5b50\u6c14\u6982\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u2014\u2014\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\u6216\u89c6\u89d2\u8f6c\u5411\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\u2014\u2014\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u9610\u660e\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>        \u6700\u8fd1\u6211\u4e0e\u6234\u7ef4\u00b7\u5df4\u66fc(David Bamman)\u548c\u8428\u5e03\u91cc\u7eb3\u00b7\u674e(Sabrina Lee)\u4e00\u8d77\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u6765\u5728\u4eba\u7269\u5851\u9020\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u6765\u63a2\u8ba8\u6027\u522b\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8<sup>[12]<\/sup>\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3aBookNLP\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5c06\u540c\u4e00\u4eba\u7269\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7ec4\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u201c\u739b\u5409\u00b7\u675c\u5229\u5f17\u201d(Maggie Tulliver)\u548c\u201c\u739b\u5409\u201d(Maggie)\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u300a\u5f17\u6d1b\u65af\u6cb3\u4e0a\u7684\u78e8\u574a\u300b<sup>[13]<\/sup>\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u7684\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8bc6\u522b\u51fa\u5728\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e0a\u4e0e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ea\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u8bfb\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u63d0\u53d6\u7684\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u89c1\u89e3\u3002\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u6bb5\u843d\u4e2d\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u94fe\u63a5\u5230\u201c\u739b\u5409\u201d\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\u53ea\u6709\u6211\u7528\u52a0\u7c97\u5b57\u4f53<sup>[14]<\/sup>\u6807\u6ce8\u7684:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>        \u4e0d\u505c\u7684\u95f9\u58f0\uff0c\u5927\u78e8\u77f3\u7ee7\u7eed\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u8f6c\u52a8\uff0c\u7ed9\u4e86\u5979\u4e00\u79cd\u8ff7\u8ff7\u7cca\u7cca\u7684\u3001\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u6050\u6016<strong>\u611f\u89c9(awe)<\/strong>\uff0c\u597d\u50cf\u5979\u662f\u5728\u9762\u5bf9\u7740\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0d\u80fd\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u529b\u91cf;\u9ea6\u7c89\u6c38\u8fdc\u5728\u503e\u6cfb\uff0c\u503e\u6cfb\u51fa\u6765;\u53c8\u7ec6\u53c8\u767d\u7684\u7c89\u672b\u628a\u6837\u6837\u4e1c\u897f\u7684\u8f6e\u5ed3\u90fd\u5f04\u5f97\u67d4\u548c\u4e86\uff0c\u628a\u8718\u86db\u7f51\u5f04\u5f97\u50cf\u5de7\u593a\u5929\u5de5\u7684\u82b1\u8fb9;\u9ea6\u7c89\u53d1\u51fa\u6765\u7eaf\u51c0\u7684\u9999\u5473\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u4f7f\u739b\u5409<strong>\u611f\u5230(feel)<\/strong>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u78e8\u574a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u548c\u5916\u754c\u7684\u65e5\u5e38<strong>\u751f\u6d3b(life)<\/strong>\u5b8c\u5168\u9694\u7edd\u7684\u5c0f\u5929\u5730\u3002\u8718\u86db\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5979\u6c89\u601d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5979\u5fc3\u91cc<strong>\u7eb3\u95f7(wondered)<\/strong>:\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u78e8\u574a\u5916\u9762\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u4eb2\u5c5e&#8230;&#8230;<sup>[15]<\/sup><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>        \u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7\u827e\u7565\u7279(George Eliot)\u662f\u5728\u5229\u7528\u4e16\u5916\u7684\u78e8\u574a\u91cc\u6d41\u52a8\u7684\u3001\u7ffb\u6eda\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u739b\u5409\u7684\u6027\u683c\u3002BookNLP\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8f6c\u55bb\uff0c\u53ea\u77e5\u9053\u739b\u5409\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u201c\u656c\u754f\u201d(\u6050\u6016\u611f\u89c9[awe])\u548c\u201c\u751f\u6d3b\u201d\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u611f\u89c9\u201d\u548c\u201c\u597d\u5947\u201d(\u7eb3\u95f7[wonder])\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u51c6\u786e\u6982\u62ec\u51fa\u8fd9\u6bb5\u8bdd\u6240\u52fe\u52d2\u7684\u739b\u5409\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u6355\u6349\u5230\u5927\u81f4\u7684\u8f6e\u5ed3\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u572887,800\u672c\u4e66\u548c\u6570\u4ee5\u767e\u4e07\u8ba1\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4eba\u7269\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528BookNLP\u65f6\uff0c\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6e05\u6670\u53ef\u89c1<sup>[16]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>        \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u95ee\u5728\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6027\u522b\u7b26\u53f7\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u968f\u7740\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u800c\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u6700\u7ec8\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bf9\u8bb8\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4f5c\u5bb6\u89d2\u8272\u63d0\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u2014\u2014\u5305\u62ec\u96c6\u4f53\u4f5c\u8005\u548c\u7b14\u540d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u987a\u6027\u522b(cis)\u548c\u8de8\u6027\u522b(trans)\u8eab\u4efd\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u90a3\u4e9b\u516c\u5f00\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u201c\u7537\u6027\u201d\u6216\u201c\u5973\u6027\u201d\u7684\u4f5c\u5bb6\u6240\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u6027\u522b\u89c2\u70b9\u5f00\u59cb\u3002(\u516c\u4f17\u8eab\u4efd\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u6249\u9875\u4e0a\u8868\u793a\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u827e\u7565\u7279\u6700\u7ec8\u4ee5\u5973\u6027\u8eab\u4efd\u7ad9\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u5973\u6027\u8eab\u4efd\u3002)\u56fe1\u4e2d\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u8f74\u7528\u4e8e\u6d4b\u91cf\u8bcd\u8bed\u5728\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e0a\u4e0e\u5973\u6027\u3001\u7537\u6027\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u5173\u8054\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002\u7b80\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u6bcf\u6761\u8f74\u90fd\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u6027\u522b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u4e24\u8f74\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u533a\u522b\u662f\uff0c\u7eb5\u8f74\u662f\u8861\u91cf\u5973\u6027\u5728\u4e66\u4e2d\u4f53\u73b0\u7684\u6027\u522b\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u6a2a\u8f74\u662f\u8861\u91cf\u7537\u6027\u5728\u4e66\u4e2d\u6240\u4f53\u73b0\u7684\u6027\u522b\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u56fe\u50cf\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u89c6\u89d2\u4e4b\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>        \u56fe1\u7684\u53f3\u4e0a\u89d2\u548c\u5de6\u4e0b\u89d2\u5305\u542b\u7684\u8bcd\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u6027\u522b\u5185\u6db5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u3002\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u8c01\u5199\u7684\u4e66\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u89d2\u8272\u5f80\u5f80\u6709\u6bcd\u4eb2\u548c\u5934\u53d1\uff0c\u8bf4\u201c\u54e6\u201d(oh)\u3002\u7537\u6027\u5316\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u5f80\u5f80\u6709\u80e1\u5b50\u548c\u53e3\u888b\uff0c\u8bf4\u201c\u5148\u751f\u201d(sir)\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u6cbf\u7740\u53e6\u4e00\u6761\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u770b\u65f6\uff0c\u4e8b\u60c5\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u6709\u8da3\u4e86<sup>[17]<\/sup>\u3002\u5728\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u7537\u4eba\u7528\u6765\u79f0\u547c\u7537\u4eba\u548c\u5973\u4eba\u7528\u6765\u79f0\u547c\u5973\u4eba\u7684\u8bcd\u8bed\u3002\u539f\u6765\uff0c\u5f53\u739b\u5409\u5bf9\u8718\u86db\u611f\u5230\u201c\u597d\u5947\u201d(wondered)\u65f6\uff0c\u5979\u6b63\u5728\u505a\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0e\u4f5c\u8005\u81ea\u8eab\u6027\u522b\u7279\u70b9\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3001\u601d\u8003\u3001\u542c\u89c9\u548c\u89c6\u89c9\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u52a8\u8bcd\u662f\u4e3b\u89c2\u6027\u7684\u660e\u663e\u6807\u5fd7\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f5c\u8005\u58f0\u79f0\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u90e8\u4f4d(\u811a\u3001\u5589\u5499\u3001\u5934\u548c\u80c3)\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6027\u522b\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u5728\u6570\u636e\u663e\u793a\u4e0a\u5c31\u4e0d\u90a3\u4e48\u660e\u663e\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u56fe\u4e00-1024x924.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1576\" width=\"859\" height=\"775\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u56fe\u4e00-1024x924.png 1024w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u56fe\u4e00-300x271.png 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u56fe\u4e00-768x693.png 768w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u56fe\u4e00.png 1468w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 859px) 100vw, 859px\" \/><figcaption>\u56fe1<br>\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8bcd\u8bed\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u6027\u522b\u3002\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u5305\u542b1780\u5e74\u81f32007\u5e74\u95f4\u51fa\u7248\u768487,800\u90e8\u82f1\u6587\u5c0f\u8bf4\u3002\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8f74\u4e0a\uff0c\u6b63\u6570\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\u5728\u63cf\u8ff0\u5973\u6027\u65f6\u88ab\u8fc7\u591a\u5730\u8868\u793a\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u8d1f\u6570\u8868\u793a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u5728\u63cf\u8ff0\u7537\u6027\u65f6\u88ab\u8fc7\u591a\u5730\u8868\u793a\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u523b\u5ea6\u4e3a\u5bf9\u6570\u4f3c\u7136\u6bd4(log-likelihood ratio)\u7684\u5e26\u6b63\u8d1f\u53f7\u7684\u5bf9\u6570[18]\u3002\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u91cd\u53e0\u70b9\u7684\u533a\u57df\u4f1a\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u989c\u8272\u66f4\u6df1\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>        \u5728\u53f3\u4e0b\u89d2\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u7ec4\u7537\u4eba\u7528\u6765\u5f62\u5bb9\u5973\u4eba\u548c\u5973\u4eba\u7528\u6765\u5f62\u5bb9\u7537\u4eba\u7684\u8bcd\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u5f02\u6027\u604b\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4f5c\u5bb6\u5728\u4eba\u7269\u4e0e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6027\u522b\u8eab\u4efd\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u8c08\u8bba\u7ed3\u5a5a\u3001\u63a5\u543b\u548c\u604b\u7231\u3002\u88ab\u52a8\u89d2\u8272\u4e5f\u5f88\u7a81\u51fa\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u524d\u7f00\u201cwas-\u201d\u6765\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u662f\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u5bbe\u8bed\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3b\u8bed\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u201c\u90a3\u5929\u665a\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728\u9ed1\u6697\u4e2d\uff0c\u5979\u53c8<strong>\u770b\u89c1(saw)<\/strong>\u65af\u8482\u82ac\u7684\u8138\u5e26\u7740\u70ed\u60c5\u3001\u57cb\u6028\u7684\u53ef\u601c\u76f8\u671d\u7740\u5979\u201d\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u5bf9\u739b\u5409\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u201c\u770b\u89c1\u201d(saw)\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u65af\u8482\u82ac\u00b7\u76d6\u65af\u7279(Stephen Guest)\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u201c\u88ab\u770b\u89c1\u201d(was- seen)\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50<sup>[19]<\/sup>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u8bed\u6c47\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u88ab\u770b\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\u662f\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53:\u5b83\u4eec\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u201c\u8868\u60c5\u201d\u6216\u201c\u8bed\u6c14\u201d\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u773c\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u6837\u5b50\u201d\u3002\u7b80\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5f88\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u4f5c\u5bb6\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u5916\u5728\u5730\u63cf\u8ff0\u7537\u6027\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u4ea6\u7136\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>        \u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u5e76\u4e0d\u4ee4\u4eba\u9707\u60ca\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8bf4\u6211\u4eec\u4e8b\u5148\u5c31\u77e5\u9053\u4e86\u4e00\u5207\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u7ec6\u8282\u4ecd\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u6211\u4ecd\u7136\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f5c\u5bb6\u4eec\u58f0\u79f0\u80c3\u548c\u811a\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6027\u522b\u3002\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u671f\u671b\u4e3b\u89c2\u6027\u548c\u88ab\u52a8\u6027\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u7537\u6027\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u4e66\u4e2d\u4f53\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u8c8c\u4f3c\u662f\u5408\u7406\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u5973\u6027\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u4e66\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5728\u7537\u6027\u548c\u5973\u6027\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u4e2d\u5e73\u7b49\u5730\u5206\u914d\u201c\u770b\u5230\u201d\u548c\u201c\u88ab\u770b\u5230\u201d\u3002\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u8bb8\u591a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6027\u522b\u7684\u626d\u66f2\u4f5c\u7528\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u7537\u5b50\u8eab\u4e0a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7537\u6027\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u4e0d\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5f88\u5c11\u6709\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u662f\u5973\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u5973\u6027\u5219\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u5e73\u8861\u5979\u4eec\u7684\u620f\u5267\u89d2\u8272<sup>[20]<\/sup>\u3002\u56fe1\u6240\u793a\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u53d8\u5f62\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u5bf9\u79f0\u7684\uff0c\u4e24\u8fb9\u90fd\u6709\u76f2\u70b9\u3002\u65e2\u7136\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u8ffd\u8e2a\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\uff0c\u4e8b\u540e\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u771f\u7684\u5df2\u7ecf\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u5b8c\u5168\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>        \u6211\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u56fe1\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5f53\u4ee3\u5b9a\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fd0\u7528\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u95f4\u63a5\u6027\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fe\u8868\u4e0d\u662f\u8bd5\u56fe\u5b9a\u4e49\u6027\u522b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5bf9\u4e3b\u9898\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002\u6211\u77e5\u9053\u6027\u522b\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\u4f1a\u5bf9\u56fe\u8868\u7684\u4e8c\u5143\u7ed3\u6784\u611f\u5230\u6cae\u4e27\u3002\u8bda\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e8c\u5143\u6027\u5df2\u7ecf\u81ea\u6211\u6298\u53e0\u8d77\u6765\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u793e\u4f1a\u4f53\u7cfb\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ece\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6765\u770b\u7684\u8bdd\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u5f20\u56fe\u8868\u4ecd\u7136\u5c06\u6027\u522b\u8ba4\u540c\u7684\u590d\u6742\u73b0\u5b9e\u7b80\u5316\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u516c\u5171\u89d2\u8272:\u7537\u4eba\u548c\u5973\u4eba\u3002\u5766\u767d\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9a\u91cf\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c6\u89d2\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u8feb\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u6b62\u6b65\u4e8e\u4e24\u4e2a\u89c6\u89d2\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u589e\u52a0\u6027\u522b\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4ea4\u53c9\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u63a2\u7a76\u6027\u522b\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u6211\u548c\u6211\u7684\u5408\u8457\u8005\u6700\u8fd1\u5c1d\u8bd5\u7684\u90a3\u6837<sup>[21]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>        \u7c73\u5229\u4e9a\u59c6\u00b7\u6ce2\u65af\u7eb3(Miriam Posner)\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u5c06\u6570\u5b57\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u201c\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u6839\u672c\u7684\u3001\u672a\u88ab\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6f5c\u529b\u201d<sup>[22]<\/sup>\u3002\u628a\u8fd9\u79cd\u6f5c\u529b\u53d8\u4e3a\u73b0\u5b9e\u9700\u8981\u8bb8\u591a\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u7684\u5176\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u5c06\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u522b\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4e0e\u5176\u628a\u4e24\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\u8f6c\u53d8\u6210\u56db\u4e2a\u6216\u5341\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u59a8\u629b\u5f03\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5fc5\u987b\u9884\u5148\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e00\u7ec4\u56fa\u5b9a\u7c7b\u522b\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u6574\u4e2a\u524d\u63d0\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u56fe1\u6240\u7ed8\u5236\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u548c\u6bd4\u4f8b(A\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8eB\u7684\u8868\u793a)\u6709\u70b9\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5b83\u8feb\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5b57\u7b26\u5206\u6210\u4e92\u65a5\u7684\u7ec4\u3002\u5f53\u7fa4\u4f53\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u6392\u4ed6\u6027\u65f6\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u786e\u5b9e\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u524d\u5217\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u522b\u5217\u8868\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u8fd8\u6709\u66f4\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u6784\u5efa\u548c\u6bd4\u8f83\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u7531\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u6a21\u578b\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u81f4\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u6392\u4ed6\u6027\u7c7b\u522b\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u80fd\u591f\u6307\u51fa\u4ed6\u4eec\u5fc3\u4e2d\u6240\u60f3\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\uff0c\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u7684\u4eba\u6570\u6ca1\u6709\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\"><strong>\u4e8c\u3001\u500d\u589e\u7684\u89c6\u89d2<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br>        \u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u91ca\u8fd9\u79cd\u677e\u6563\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u7684\u5176\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u5c06\u63a2\u8ba8\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5386\u53f2(the history of genre)\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6781\u5927\u5730\u5f97\u76ca\u4e8e\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u3002\u6279\u8bc4\u5bb6\u66fe\u7ecf\u628a\u6587\u5b66\u6d41\u6d3e\u60f3\u8c61\u6210\u4e00\u7ec4\u6709\u9650\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u6587\u5b66\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u79cd\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u8fbe\u79d1\u00b7\u82cf\u6069\u6587(Darko Suvin)\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7684\u5c06\u79d1\u5e7b\u4f5c\u54c1\u7edf\u4e00\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u201c\u65b0\u201d(the novum)\u7684\u6982\u5ff5<sup>[23]<\/sup>\uff0c\u4f4620\u4e16\u7eaa\u665a\u671f\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e3b\u4e49(historicism)\u7834\u574f\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u4fe1\u5fc3<sup>[24]<\/sup>\u3002\u81ea1980\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u5c06\u7c7b\u578b(genres)\u8bbe\u60f3\u4e3a\u201c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u201d\u8303\u7574\u2014\u2014\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u5386\u53f2\u65f6\u523b\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u6709\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u5171\u540c\u7279\u5f81\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4f1a\u968f\u7740\u793e\u4f1a\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u800c\u201c\u4e0d\u65ad\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4e49\u6216\u820d\u5f03\u201d<sup>[25]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>        \u8fd9\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7406\u8bba(theory of genre)\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5438\u5f15\u4eba\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4f3c\u4e4e\u627f\u8bfa\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u690d\u6839\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u751f\u6d3b\u4e0d\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u60f3\u8c61\u4e2d\u7684\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u4f46\u8be5\u7406\u8bba\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u8861\u91cf\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u523b\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6587\u5b66\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4ecd\u7136\u7ecf\u5e38\u6c42\u52a9\u4e8e\u4e00\u79cd\u8981\u4e48\u5168\u6709\u8981\u4e48\u5168\u65e0\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5f53\u4ee3\u79d1\u5e7b\u8ff7\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u628a19\u4e16\u7eaa\u4f5c\u5bb6\u739b\u4e3d\u00b7\u96ea\u83b1(Mary Shelley)\u548c\u5112\u52d2\u00b7\u51e1\u5c14\u7eb3(Jules Verne)\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u89c6\u4e3a<strong>\u79d1\u5e7b\u5c0f\u8bf4<\/strong>\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u77ed\u8bed\u662f\u57281920\u5e74\u4ee3\u624d\u9996\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u300219\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u96ea\u83b1\u7684\u9ed1\u6697\u6545\u4e8b\u8ddf\u51e1\u5c14\u7eb3\u7684\u201c\u5947\u7279\u7684\u65c5\u884c\u201d(<em>voyages extraordinaires<\/em>)\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u8ddf\u5bf9\u4e4c\u6258\u90a6\u672a\u6765\u7684\u5e7b\u60f3\u6709\u5173\u3002\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\uff0c\u56f4\u7ed5\u7740\u51e1\u5c14\u7eb3\u548cH\u00b7G\u00b7\u5a01\u5c14\u65af(Wells)\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5192\u9669\u6545\u4e8b(scientific romance)\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u624d\u5f00\u59cb\u5f62\u6210\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b66\u8005\u5c06\u79d1\u5b66\u4f20\u5947\u548c\u79d1\u5e7b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u533a\u5206\u5f00\u6765\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u540e\u8005\u53ea\u662f\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u540e25\u5e74\u624d\u5f62\u6210\u7684<sup>[26]<\/sup>\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u90fd\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002\u6839\u636e\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u201c\u6ca1\u6709\u79d1\u5e7b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4ee5\u79d1\u5e7b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u751f\u4ea7\u3001\u8425\u9500\u3001\u5206\u9500\u3001\u6d88\u8d39\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u6587\u672c\u7684\u591a\u79cd\u591a\u6837\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u201d<sup>[27]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>        \u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e89\u8bba\u7684\u8bed\u4e49\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u5931\u671b\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u628a\u6240\u6709\u53c2\u4e0e\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4eba\u56e2\u7ed3\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u7c7b\u578b\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u786e\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u4e0d\u662f\u5b9a\u4e49\u672f\u8bed(\u6216\u5b8c\u5168\u62d2\u7edd\u5b83\u4eec)\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8ffd\u8e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u9010\u6e10\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u8ffd\u8e2a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f88\u96be\u6392\u9664\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u5373\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u611f\u77e5\u5230\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\u662f\u7531\u51c6\u5907\u68c0\u9a8c\u7684\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\u8c31\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u6240\u521b\u9020\u7684\u3002\u8d85\u8d8a\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u603b\u662f\u56f0\u96be\u7684\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5bf9\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u65f6\u95f4\u53ea\u671d\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u6d41\u52a8\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ea0\u6b63\u56de\u6eaf\u6027\u504f\u89c1\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u8c28\u614e\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u57281895\u5e74\u628a\u4e00\u7bb121\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u4e66\u7c4d\u5bc4\u7ed9\u8bfb\u8005\uff0c\u5e76\u9644\u4e0a\u4e00\u5c01\u4fe1\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u6311\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u50cf\u79d1\u5b66\u5192\u9669\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\u65e0\u6cd5\u628a\u90a3\u6837\u7684\u4e00\u7bb1\u4e66\u5bc4\u51fa\u53bb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>        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       \u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u9700\u8981\u505a\u7684\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u6355\u6349\u9690\u542b\u5728\u4e00\u7ec4\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u9009\u62e9\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u3001\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0d\u660e\u786e\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u3002\u6587\u5b66\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u91cd\u5efa\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e2d\u7acb\u6216\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u5f53\u8bfb\u8005\u8981\u628a\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\u5f52\u7c7b\u4e3a\u79d1\u5e7b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u6216\u5947\u5e7b\u6587\u5b66\u65f6\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u6027\u522b\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e3a\u7c7b\u578b\u5efa\u6a21\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u4e0d\u662f\u91cd\u5199\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u597d\u50cf\u5b83\u662f\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u4f3c\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5c55\u793a\u51fa\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u8e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u5730\u70b9\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u5f88\u5947\u602a\uff0c\u4f46\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u6b63\u9002\u5408\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u76ee\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>        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        \u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u8bf7\u8bb0\u4f4f\uff0c\u8d37\u6b3e\u7533\u8bf7\u6a21\u578b\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u660e\u786e\u63d0\u53ca\u6027\u522b\u6216\u79cd\u65cf\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5438\u6536\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u504f\u89c1\u3002\u540c\u6837\u5730\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\uff0c\u5947\u5e7b\u6587\u5b66\u662f\u7531\u54ea\u4e9b\u5c5e\u6027\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u9884\u671f\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u5c5e\u6027\u4f1a\u5728\u6587\u672c\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u7559\u4e0b\u75d5\u8ff9\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u8ba1\u7b97\u5355\u8bcd\u7684\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u5c06\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u9891\u7387\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u9ad8\u5ea6\u6216\u5bbd\u5ea6\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u8bed\u6c47\u5305\u542b\u6570\u5343\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u6570\u5343\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8d85\u5e73\u9762\u5206\u5272<sup>[29]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>        \u6301\u6000\u7591\u6001\u5ea6\u7684\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6297\u8bae\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6709\u63aa\u8f9e\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u60c5\u8282\u3001\u80cc\u666f\u548c\u4e3b\u9898\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u662f\u5bf9\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u672c\u6587\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5b83\u4f7f\u7528\u6a21\u578b\u628a\u7c7b\u578b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u6765\u5c55\u793a\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002\u6a21\u578b\u901a\u8fc7\u91cd\u5851\u7279\u5b9a\u8bfb\u8005\u6216\u8bfb\u8005\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u6765\u5c55\u793a\u4e00\u79cd\u4e3b\u52a8\u548c\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u63a5\u53d7\u3002\u7531\u4e00\u7ec4\u88ab\u8bfb\u8005\u6807\u6ce8\u7684\u6587\u672c\u8bad\u7ec3\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u8bc6\u522b\u88ab\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u8bc6\u522b\u88ab\u540c\u4e00\u8bfb\u8005\u5206\u914d\u5230\u540c\u4e00\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u672c(\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u5faa\u73af\u8bba\u8bc1\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u603b\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u66f4\u5177\u6709\u6311\u6218\u6027\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u8bad\u7ec3\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u6d4b\u8bd5)\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u63aa\u8f9e\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee4\u4eba\u975e\u5e38\u6ee1\u610f\u7684\u5173\u4e8e\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u8db3\u4ee5\u652f\u6301\u8fd9\u79cd\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u518d\u521b\u9020\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4ec5\u57fa\u4e8e\u5355\u8bcd\u548c\u6807\u70b9\u7b26\u53f7\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u7384\u5e7b\u5c0f\u8bf4(mysteries)\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u533a\u5206\u5f00\u6765\uff0c\u51c6\u786e\u7387\u8fbe93%\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u4ed4\u7ec6\u89c2\u5bdf\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u8fd0\u4f5c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u95ee\u53f7\u548c\u8868\u8fbe\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u8bed\u6c47\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u201c\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u201d(whoever)\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bed\u6c47\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec6\u8282\u4ece\u6280\u672f\u4e0a\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u63aa\u8f9e\u4e0a\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u663e\u7136\u4e5f\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u7384\u5e7b\u60c5\u8282(mystery plot)\u4e2d\u7591\u95ee\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5f62\u5f0f\u6a21\u5f0f\u90fd\u4f1a\u7559\u4e0b\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u75d5\u8ff9\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u76f4\u63a5\u8868\u73b0\u60c5\u8282\u548c\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u591f\u9884\u6d4b\u7531\u60c5\u8282\u548c\u89d2\u8272\u5851\u9020\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u5224\u65ad<sup>[30]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>        \u5b9a\u91cf\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8ba4\u8bc6\u66f4\u4e30\u5bcc\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8bf4\u660e\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u591a\u4e30\u5bcc\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u7684\u5176\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u5c06\u4ece\u5173\u4e8e\u79d1\u5e7b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u548c\u5947\u5e7b\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6bd4\u8f83<sup>[31]<\/sup>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7c7b\u578b\u4ee4\u4eba\u8d39\u89e3\uff0c\u4f46\u4f1a\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u88ab\u5199\u6210\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u751a\u81f3\u574d\u7f29\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u4e8e\u63a8\u60f3\u5c0f\u8bf4(speculative fiction)\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u3002\u8981\u662f\u5199\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\u5bf9\u8fd9\u6bb5\u5386\u53f2\u8fdb\u884c\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u6216\u8bb8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u6570\u5341\u90e8\u4e66\u76ee\u6216\u6570\u5343\u7bc7\u4e66\u8bc4\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u63a2\u7a76\u4e0d\u540c\u6c11\u65cf\u4f20\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u53ea\u80fd\u66f4\u8c28\u614e\u5730\u9610\u8ff0\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u6f5c\u529b\uff0c\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u79cd\u7c7b\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6bd4\u8f83\u53d7\u9650\u3002\u6211\u5c06\u5173\u6ce8\u82f1\u6587\u539f\u8457(\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4f5c\u54c1)\uff0c\u5e76\u53ea\u6bd4\u8f83\u5c11\u6570\u51e0\u4e2a\u89c2\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>        \u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u6765\u6e90\u662f\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u6765\u81eaHathiTrust\u548cOCLC\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u5206\u7c7b(genre classifications)\u8ba9\u6211\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u6570\u5343\u672c\u88ab\u56fe\u4e66\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u201c\u5947\u5e7b\u6587\u5b66\u201d(fantasy fiction)\u548c\u201c\u79d1\u5e7b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u201d(science fiction)\u7684\u4e66\u7c4d<sup>[32]<\/sup>\u3002\u4f46\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u5458\u6240\u505a\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u6807\u7b7e\u51e0\u4e4e\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb40\u5e74\u4e2d\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6807\u7b7e\u4e0e1980\u5e74\u4ee5\u524d\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u4e66\u7c4d\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6295\u5c04\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u6587\u5b66\u5b9e\u8df5\u6700\u8fd1\u624d\u6709\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u800c\u5f53\u65f6\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u6b64\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u5219\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4e5f\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u66f4\u65e9\u7684\u8d44\u6599\u2014\u20141934\u5e74\u5199\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u5b66\u4f4d\u8bba\u6587\u3001\u4e00\u4efd1911\u5e74\u7684\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u6d41\u901a\u76ee\u5f55<sup>[33]<\/sup>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4e9b\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u6279\u5224\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u53c2\u8003\u4e66\u76ee\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u7528HathiTrust\u7684600\u5377\u5c0f\u8bf4\u968f\u673a\u5236\u4f5c\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u80cc\u666f\u96c6\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u90a3\u4e9b\u6807\u6ce8\u4e3a\u79d1\u5e7b\u6216\u5947\u5e7b\u7684\u3002\u7efc\u5408\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f97\u5230\u4e861,581\u5377\uff0c\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u6807\u660e\u4e86\u9996\u6b21\u51fa\u7248\u65e5\u671f\u3002\u4e00\u90e81,581\u5377\u7684\u5408\u96c6\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u6db5\u76d6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u8fd1\u671f\u7684\u5021\u5bfc\u8005\u8fd8\u662f\u5176\u6279\u8bc4\u8005\uff0c\u90fd\u5938\u5927\u4e86\u5b9a\u91cf\u8c03\u67e5\u53ef\u7a77\u5c3d\u6027\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f88\u4e45\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u603b\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u901a\u5e38\u66f4\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u662f\u5bf9\u793a\u4f8b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u5efa\u6a21\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5bf9\u6574\u4e2a\u5e93\u4e71\u4e0b\u65ad\u8a00\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>        \u90a3\u4e48\u900f\u89c6\u6a21\u578b(perspectival models)\u80fd\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u5173\u79d1\u5e7b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u6216\u5947\u5e7b\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u4ec0\u4e48\u65b9\u9762\u5462?\u90a3\u4e9b\u80fd\u591f\u9884\u6d4b\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u8bed\u6c47\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u201c\u5947\u5e7b\u201d(fantasy)\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u201c\u7ae5\u8bdd\u201d(tale)\u3001\u201c\u9633\u5149\u201d(sunlight)\u548c\u6570\u5b57\u201c\u4e03\u201d(seven)\u6765\u8bc6\u522b\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u53ea\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u63d0\u5230\u4e2a\u522b\u7684\u8bcd\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8bd5\u56fe\u4e3a\u79d1\u5e7b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u6216\u5947\u5e7b\u6587\u5b66\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u3001\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5b83\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u6765\u63a2\u7d22\u7c7b\u578b\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u6a21\u62df\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u4e5f\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u8bfb\u8005\u5bb9\u6613\u8fbe\u6210\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u7c7b\u578b<sup>[34]<\/sup>\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e0d\u540c\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4e3a\u5173\u4e8e\u7c7b\u578b\u76f8\u5bf9\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u63d0\u4f9b\u65b0\u7684\u7ebf\u7d22\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> 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fiction)\u7684\u4e66\u7c4d\u2014\u2014\u4ece1870\u5e74\u52302010\u5e74\u5e73\u5747\u62bd\u6837\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a19\u4e16\u7eaa\u66f4\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f8b\u5b50\u2014\u2014\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u8bc6\u522b\uff0c\u51c6\u786e\u7387\u4e3a89.9%\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u8bb6\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8bc4\u8bba\u5bb6\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u540c\u610f1920\u5e74\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u79d1\u5e7b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u663e\u8457\u7279\u5f81\u662f\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u800c\u6280\u672f\u53d8\u5316\u5f88\u5feb\u3002\u51e1\u5c14\u7eb3\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u53d1\u660e\u5728\u4eca\u5929\u51e0\u4e4e\u90fd\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u79d1\u5e7b\u7684\u4e86\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0d\u592a\u5173\u6ce8\u6f5c\u8247\u6216\u706b\u7bad\u8239\uff0c\u800c\u66f4\u5173\u6ce8\u5d07\u9ad8\u548c\u542b\u7cca\u4e0d\u6e05\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u4fee\u8f9e\uff0c\u5176\u7279\u5f81\u662f\u5927\u91cf\u3001\u6545\u610f\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\uff0c\u5982\u201c\u7269\u201d(thing)\u548c\u201c\u751f\u7269\u201d(creature)\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u52a8\u8bcd\u201c\u7728\u773c\u201d(blink)\u548c\u201c\u6478\u7d22\u201d(groped)\u3002\u4ece\u96ea\u83b1\u5230\u91d1\u00b7\u65af\u5766\u5229\u00b7\u7f57\u5bbe\u68ee(Kim Stanley Robinson)\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f5c\u5bb6\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u4fee\u8f9e\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u201c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u79d1\u5e7b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e1c\u897f\u201d<sup>[35]<\/sup>\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bba\u65ad\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5938\u5927\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6613\u53d8\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>        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class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u56fe\u4e8c-1024x751.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1578\" width=\"771\" height=\"566\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u56fe\u4e8c-1024x751.png 1024w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u56fe\u4e8c-300x220.png 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u56fe\u4e8c-768x563.png 768w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u56fe\u4e8c.png 1484w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 771px) 100vw, 771px\" \/><figcaption>\u56fe2<br>\u6a21\u578b\u8bc6\u522b\u88ab\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u5458\u6807\u4e3a\u201c\u5947\u5e7b\u201d(fantasy)\u548c\u201c\u79d1\u5e7b\u201d(science fiction)\u4e66\u7c4d\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9\u4ee3\u8868\u7531\u4e00\u5b9a\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u968f\u673a\u6837\u672c\u7684\u6587\u672c\u8bad\u7ec3\u5f97\u6765\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u4e00\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u5305\u542b150\u4e2a\u6587\u672c;\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u672c\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u53d1\u5e03\u65e5\u671f\u7ed8\u5236\u70b9\u3002\u8d8b\u52bf\u7ebf\u662f\u901a\u8fc7(\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u91cf\u7684)\u5c40\u90e8\u52a0\u6743\u5e73\u6ed1\u70b9\u7ed8\u5236\u7684\uff0c\u5bf9\u6b64\u5e94\u8be5\u8c28\u614e\u770b\u5f85\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>        \u56fe2\u4e2d\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u8bb6\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u4e0d\u662f\u7c7b\u578b\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u8fa8\u8ba4\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u53d8\u5316\u5728\u79d1\u5e7b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u7684\u5fae\u5999\u2014\u2014\u4eba\u4eec\u5e38\u8bf4\uff0c\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e0a\u534a\u53f6\u4e00\u4e2a\u660e\u786e\u7684\u65f6\u523b\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u79d1\u5e7b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u800c\u5b58\u5728\u30021926\u5e74\uff0c\u300a\u60ca\u5947\u6545\u4e8b\u300b(<em>Amazing Stories<\/em>)\u6742\u5fd7\u7684\u521b\u520a\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u9887\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u6545\u4e8b\u57cb\u4e0b\u4e86\u4f0f\u7b14\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8be5\u6742\u5fd7\u4e0e\u201c\u79d1\u5e7b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u672f\u8bed\u662f\u540c\u65f6\u51fa\u73b0\u7684<sup>[36]<\/sup>\u3002\u52a0\u91cc\u00b7K.\u6c83\u5c14\u592b(Gary K. Wolfe)\u751a\u81f3\u628a\u5176\u7c7b\u578b\u5de9\u56fa\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u62d6\u5f97\u66f4\u4e45\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u79d1\u5e7b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e00\u76f4\u672a\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u201d\uff0c\u76f4\u52301940\u5e74\u4ee3\u65e9\u671f\uff0c\u53e3\u888b\u4e66(Pocket Books)\u624d\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e86\u5b83\u5f62\u5f0f<sup>[37]<\/sup>\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u56fe2\u4e2d\u7684\u6ce2\u52a8\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u5e76\u4e0d\u50cf\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5728\u51e1\u5c14\u7eb3\u548c\u5a01\u5c14\u65af\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u79d1\u5e7b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5df2\u7ecf\u76f8\u5f53\u4e00\u81f4\u2014\u2014\u51e0\u4e4e\u548c\u4eca\u5929\u4e00\u6837\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6bd4\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u5947\u5e7b\u6587\u5b66(fantasy)\u8fd8\u8981\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e0b\u534a\u53f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u786e\u5b9e\u6709\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u53d8\u5f97\u7a0d\u5fae\u6e05\u6670\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002\u76f4\u52301926\u5e74\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6676\u79cd(seed crystal)\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u672a\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u201d\u7684\u5c40\u9762\u624d\u6240\u6709\u6539\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>        \u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb35\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u754c\u9650\u7684\u6a21\u7cca\u5316\u81f3\u5c11\u548c\u4e4b\u524d\u4efb\u4f55\u79d1\u5e7b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u6587\u4f53\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5de9\u56fa\u4e00\u6837\u4ee4\u4eba\u9707\u60ca\u3002\u5728\u5bf9\u6c83\u5c14\u592b\u7684\u79d1\u5e7b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u8d77\u6e90\u6545\u4e8b\u63d0\u51fa\u8d28\u7591\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u5e94\u8be5\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u8d8b\u52bf\u786e\u5b9e\u975e\u5e38\u7b26\u5408\u4ed6\u7684\u4e66\u300a\u7c7b\u578b\u6d88\u5931\u300b<sup>[38]<\/sup>\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u6c83\u5c14\u592b\u6240\u6307\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u79d1\u5e7b\u548c\u5947\u5e7b\u7684\u6df7\u6742\u2014\u2014\u65e2\u76f8\u4e92\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u53c8\u4e0e\u6587\u5b66\u4e3b\u6d41\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u2014\u2014\u6700\u8fd1\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u8bf8\u5982\u201c\u6ed1\u6d41\u201d(Slipstream)\u201c\u9006\u53cd\u8d85\u4eba\u201d(Bizarro)\u548c\u201c\u65b0\u602a\u8c08\u201d(the New Weird)<sup>[39]<\/sup>\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u52a8\u662f\u6587\u4f53\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u6269\u6563\u7684\u75c7\u5019(symptoms of a more general diffusion)\u3002\u201c\u5947\u5e7b\u6587\u5b66\u6b63\u5728\u6d88\u5931&#8230;&#8230;\u6269\u6563\u5f00\u53bb\uff0c\u6e17\u5165\u5468\u56f4\u7684\u7a7a\u6c14\u7ed9\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u6c1b\u56f4\u5e26\u6765\u4e00\u79cd\u5947\u7279\u7684\u5473\u9053\u201d<sup>[40]<\/sup>\u3002\u56fe2\u4e2d\u65f6\u95f4\u8f74\u6700\u540e\u4e24\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u66f2\u7ebf\u90fd\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u5411\u4e0b\u7684\u8f6c\u6298\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e3a\u4ed6\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4f50\u8bc1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>        \u6211\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u8c08\u8bba\u79d1\u5e7b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u548c\u5947\u5e7b\u6587\u5b66\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u8bcd\u540c\u6837\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5df2\u6709\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5947\u5e7b\u53ef\u80fd\u5e76\u975e\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u89c6\u89d2\u65b9\u6cd5(perspectival approach)\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f18\u70b9\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5fc5\u76f8\u4fe1\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u95f4\u70b9\u4e0a\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5728\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u627e\u51fa\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5efa\u7acb\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>        \u5c31\u5947\u5e7b\u6587\u5b66\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5f88\u96be\u77e5\u9053\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\u54ea\u4e2a\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5947\u5e7b\u6587\u5b66(\u9664\u4e86\u522b\u7684\u4e4b\u5916)\u8fd8\u4e0e\u513f\u7ae5\u6587\u5b66\u548c\u7ef4\u591a\u5229\u4e9a\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e3b\u4e49\u6709\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u53ea\u80fd\u8ffd\u6eaf\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8c31\u7cfb\uff0c\u8ffd\u6eaf\u523020\u4e16\u7eaa\u65e9\u671f\u88ab\u8bfb\u8005\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u201d(supernatural)\u6216\u201c\u795e\u79d8\u201d(occult)\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u3002\u591a\u841d\u897f\u00b7\u65af\u5361\u4f2f\u52d2(Dorothy Scarborough)\u5728\u300a\u73b0\u4ee3\u82f1\u8bed\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u7684\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u73b0\u8c61\u7814\u7a76\u300b<sup>[41]<\/sup>\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f5c\u5bb6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f5c\u5bb6\u5982\u4eca\u5e38\u5e38\u88ab\u5f15\u7528\u4e3a\u5947\u5e7b\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u539f\u578b\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u9093\u8428\u5c3c\u52cb\u7235(Lord Dunsany)\u548c\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u83ab\u91cc\u65af(William Morris)\u3002\u4f46\u65af\u5361\u4f2f\u52d2\u4e5f\u8be6\u8ff0\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u6587\u4f53\u7c7b\u578b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u4e66\uff0c\u50cf\u827e\u7565\u7279\u7684\u300a\u64a9\u8d77\u7684\u9762\u7eb1\u300b(<em>The Lifted Veil<\/em>)\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f5c\u54c1\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u6765\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5f02\u8d28\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u601d\u7ef4\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u7248\u672c\u6765\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5b83\u4e0e\u73b0\u4ee3\u5206\u7c7b\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8981\u6c42\u8fc7\u53bb\u548c\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u5bf9\u540c\u4e00\u7bb1\u4e66\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7c7b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u8bad\u7ec3\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5\u65af\u5361\u4f2f\u52d2\u7684\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5e76\u8981\u6c42\u5b83\u8bc6\u522b\u88ab\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u5458\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u56db\u5341\u5e74\u91cc\u6807\u6ce8\u4e3a\u201c\u5947\u5e7b\u201d(fantasy)\u768419\u4e16\u7eaa\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u5728\u65af\u5361\u4f2f\u52d2\u4f5c\u54c1\u96c6\u4e0a\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u7387\u53ea\u6bd4\u5728\u6700\u8fd1\u6807\u7b7e\u4e0a\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u4f4e5%\u3002\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u65af\u5361\u4f2f\u52d2\u5bf9\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u5947\u5e7b\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u67d0\u79cd\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>        \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bc1\u660e\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u5947\u5e7b\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u63cf\u8ff019\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u6709\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u82f1\u738b\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u65f6\u671f(Edwardian)<sup>[42]<\/sup>\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u66f4\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u3002\u56fe2\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u5947\u5e7b\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5e76\u4e0d\u7b26\u540819\u4e16\u7eaa\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u660e\u786e\u754c\u9650;\u5bf9\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u6807\u7b7e\u8fdb\u884c\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u53ea\u80fd\u8fbe\u523077%\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u7387\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u65af\u5361\u4f2f\u52d2\u6279\u5224\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u7a0d\u5fae\u597d\u4e00\u4e9b(81%)\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u597d\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u8425\u9500\u5206\u7c7b\u6240\u9690\u542b\u7684\u7c7b\u522b\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u7a46\u8fea(Mudie)1911\u5e74\u7684\u6d41\u901a\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u76ee\u5f55<sup>[43]<\/sup>\u4e2d\u4ee5\u201c\u795e\u79d8\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d(Occultism)\u4e3a\u9898\u6536\u96c6\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u5efa\u6a21\u51c6\u786e\u7387\u8fbe\u523087%\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>         \u8fd9\u79cd\u7531\u5927\u81f4\u540c\u65f6\u4ee3\u4eba\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u6587\u4f53\u7c7b\u522b\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u80fd\u80dc\u51fa\uff0c\u5927\u6982\u662f\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u7406\u8bba(genre theory)\u5f15\u5bfc\u6211\u4eec\u53bb\u671f\u5f85\u7684\u3002\u5bf9\u6587\u4f53\u7c7b\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u5386\u53f2\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e0a\u63a2\u8ba8\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u98ce\u6c14\u7684\u8f6c\u5411\u4f7f\u8bb8\u591a\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\u5f97\u51fa\u7ed3\u8bba:\u6839\u636e\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\u65f6\u671f\u8d77\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u6587\u4f53\u7c7b\u578b\u8303\u7574\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u4eec\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u6587\u4f53\u7c7b\u578b<sup>[44]<\/sup>\u3002\u6587\u4f53\u7c7b\u578b\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u7f29\u5c0f\u4e86\u540c\u4ee3\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u83ab\u96f7\u8482\u731c\u60f3\uff0c\u6587\u4f53\u7c7b\u578b\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u53ea\u6301\u7eed\u201c25-30\u5e74\u201d\u7684\u4ee3\u9645\u73b0\u8c61<sup>[45]<\/sup>\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4\u66f4\u957f\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u88ab\u677e\u6563\u5730\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u4e0d\u540c\u4ee3\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u7406\u7531\u62d2\u7edd\u83ab\u96f7\u8482\u7684\u731c\u60f3\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u6587\u672c\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8bc6\u522b\u8de8\u8d8a\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u6587\u4f53\u7c7b\u578b\u4eb2\u7f18\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u5bb9\u6613\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u5bf9\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u3001\u795e\u79d8\u548c\u5947\u5e7b\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4ecd\u7136\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e86\u5728\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u5bf9\u4f5c\u54c1\u540c\u65f6\u4ee3\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u7684\u91cd\u89c6\u3002\u800c\u6700\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u6309\u4e66\u7c4d\u88ab\u5199\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u7684\u8425\u9500\u5206\u7c7b\u6240\u8bad\u7ec3\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>         \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u8f6c\u5411\u79d1\u5e7b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u65f6\uff0c\u6545\u4e8b\u5c31\u53d8\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u540c\u4e86\u3002\u5728\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u8425\u9500\u5206\u7c7b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u7248\u672c\u90fd\u663e\u5f97\u65e0\u8db3\u8f7b\u91cd\u3002\u5728\u7a46\u8fea\u7684\u6d41\u901a\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e94\u672c\u201c\u4f2a\u79d1\u5b66\u201d(pseudo-scientific)\u5c0f\u8bf4\u88ab\u5f52\u5165\u201c\u795e\u79d8\u548c\u5947\u5999\u201d(mysterious and marvellous)\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u7c7b\u522b\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u53ea\u662f\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u5c0f\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u56db\u672c\u7ec4\u6210\u201c\u86c7\u4e4b\u8c1c\u201d(snake mysteries)\u8fd9\u4e00\u7c7b\u7684\u4e66\u5219\u88ab\u5f52\u5165\u4e86\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u201c\u795e\u79d8\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d(occultism)\u7684\u76ee\u5f55<sup>[46]<\/sup>\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u662f\u770b\u5230\u90a3\u4e9b\u88ab\u56fe\u4e66\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u56de\u987e\u6027\u5730\u8d34\u4e0a\u201c\u79d1\u5e7b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u201d\u6807\u7b7e\u7684\u4e66\u7c4d\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u6784\u6210\u4e8619\u4e16\u7eaa\u6587\u5b66\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u660e\u663e\u7684\u5212\u5206\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7c7b\u522b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u56de\u6eaf\u6027\u7684\u63a8\u65ad\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u50cf\u4f5c\u54c1\u540c\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u548c\u7d22\u5f15\u4e2d\u5b9e\u9645\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u7c7b\u522b\u4e00\u6837\u7cbe\u786e\u5730\u5efa\u6a21\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u7406\u7531\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4f53\u7c7b\u522b\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u51e0\u6b21\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u4ece19\u4e16\u7eaa\u5230\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6a21\u5f0f\u76f8\u5bf9\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002\u6211\u5df2\u7ecf\u63d0\u5230\u8fc7\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u9ad8\u5ea6\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u8bc6\u522b\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u8f74\u4e0a\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u70b9\u62bd\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u4e66\u7c4d\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u66f4\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u65f6\u95f4\u8f74\u5206\u6210\u4e24\u534a\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6bd4\u8f83\u8fd9\u4e24\u534a\u3002\u6211\u7528\u300a1817-1914\u5e74\u82f1\u6587\u79d1\u5e7b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u300b<sup>[47]<\/sup>\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u4e66\u7c4d\u8bad\u7ec3\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e13\u9898\u5728\u201c\u79d1\u5e7b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u201d\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e7f\u6cdb\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u672f\u8bed\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u7531\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u00b7\u8d1d\u5229(James O. Bailey)\u57281934\u5e74\u5199\u5c31\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u7528\u88ab\u56fe\u4e66\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u5217\u4e3a\u201c\u79d1\u5e7b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u201d\u76841915\u5e74\u81f31975\u5e74\u4e66\u7c4d\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u8981\u6c42\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u5bf9\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u4e66\u7c4d\u5217\u8868\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\u65f6\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e8678%\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u51c6\u786e\u7387\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u8bad\u7ec3\u548c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u7528\u4e8e\u521b\u5efa\u56fe2\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7ed9\u4eba\u7559\u4e0b\u6df1\u523b\u5370\u8c61\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u5728\u7531\u4e0d\u540c\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e0a\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u7a0d\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u672f\u8bed\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u663e\u8457\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\u3002\u800c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u5173\u4e8e\u5947\u5e7b\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5219\u4ece\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u8fbe\u5230\u540c\u6837\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u5141\u8bb8\u4f5c\u54c1\u540c\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u5458\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u8f74\u7684\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\u9009\u62e9\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>         \u7b80\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e20\u4e16\u7eaa\u548c21\u4e16\u7eaa\u201c\u79d1\u5e7b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u201d\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u5b9e\u8df5\u572819\u4e16\u7eaa\u786e\u5b9e\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u5bf9\u6b64\u5f88\u5c11\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u5b83\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u7ed9\u5b83\u8d77\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u3002\u8bda\u7136\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u5ef6\u7eed\u6027\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u63a8\u7ffb\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u5173\u89c6\u89d2\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u9884\u671f\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002\u6211\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5047\u8bbe\u6765\u81ea\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7269\u4f53\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5728\u300a\u5947\u5f02\u7684\u65c5\u884c\u300b\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u5192\u9669\u4f5c\u54c1\u7b49\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u7ed3\u5408\u6bd4\u8bb8\u591a\u5b66\u8005\u6240\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7684\u66f4\u4e3a\u7d27\u5bc6\u3002\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u7684\u786e\u662f\u5e26\u7740\u4e0d\u540c\u89c6\u89d2\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u524d\u63d0\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cbe\u5fc3\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6311\u6218\u5b83\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>         \u6211\u628a\u79d1\u5e7b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e0e\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u3001\u795e\u79d8\u548c\u5947\u5e7b\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u6545\u4e8b\u5e76\u5217\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u4ee5\u8868\u660e\u7c7b\u578b\u7406\u8bba(genre theory)\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u5e94\u8be5\u6bd4\u6211\u4eec\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e60\u60ef\u6240\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u66f4\u7075\u6d3b\u3002\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u4e49(formalism)\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\u6587\u4f53\u7c7b\u578b\u662f\u6301\u4e45\u7684\u9690\u542b\u8303\u7574\u7c7b\u522b\u7684\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u4e3b\u4e49(historicism)\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u7531\u4f5c\u54c1\u540c\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u660e\u786e\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\u90fd\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u201c\u7c7b\u578b\u201d(genre)\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u53ef\u4ee5\u6db5\u76d6\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u2014\u2014\u6301\u7eed\u5341\u5e74\u6216\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f(pattern)\u3001\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u56de\u987e\u4e2d\u624d\u83b7\u5f97\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\u7684\u516c\u5f00\u8425\u9500\u7b56\u7565\u6216\u6587\u5b66\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002\u6279\u8bc4\u8005\u5e76\u975e\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u8fd9\u79cd\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u51e0\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u52aa\u529b\u627f\u8ba4\u5b83\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u533a\u5206\u201c\u7c7b\u578b\u201d(genre)\u548c\u6211\u4eec\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u6a21\u5f0f\u201d(mode)\u7684\u677e\u6563\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u4f46\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u592a\u7c97\u7cd9\u4e86\u3002\u54e5\u7279\u5c0f\u8bf4(Gothic)\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u5f00\u59cb\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6587\u4f53\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u800c\u4e4b\u540e\u5411\u5916\u6269\u6563\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f(model)<sup>[48]<\/sup>\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5982\u56fe2\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5177\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>        \u8981\u63cf\u8ff0\u6587\u5b66\u53f2\u4e0a\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u79cd\u80fd\u591f\u627f\u8ba4\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5dee\u5f02\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u5728\u627f\u8ba4\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c42\u6b21\u65f6\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u5e76\u4e0d\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u6279\u5224\u6027\u63cf\u8ff0;\u5b83\u4eec\u628a\u5b83\u4ece\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u4e2d\u89e3\u653e\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u6211\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u5947\u5e7b\u6587\u5b66\u548c\u79d1\u5e7b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u522b\u5efa\u6a21\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u6709\u65f6\u4e5f\u4f1a\u7ed3\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u53eb\u505a\u63a8\u60f3\u5c0f\u8bf4(speculative fiction)\u3002\u5b9a\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5728\u5408\u5e76\u548c\u5206\u79bb\u7684\u8bed\u4e49\u4e89\u8bba\u4e2d\u505c\u6ede\u4e0d\u524d\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u8bfb\u8005\u5b9e\u9645\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\uff0c\u5e76\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u8861\u91cf\u4e0d\u540c\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u5f53\u88ab\u8981\u6c42\u8bc6\u522b\u5947\u5e7b\u6587\u5b66\u65f6\uff0c\u79d1\u5e7b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u53ea\u4f1a\u635f\u59319%-11%\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u7387(\u53cd\u4e4b\u4ea6\u7136)\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u6bd4\u5176\u4e2d\u4efb\u4e00\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0e\u4fa6\u63a2\u5c0f\u8bf4(detective fiction)\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1(\u5728\u540e\u4e00\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e2d\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u4f1a\u5931\u53bb30%\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u6027)\uff0c\u4f46\u53c8\u6ca1\u6709\u5947\u5e7b\u6587\u5b66\u548c\u65af\u5361\u4f2f\u52d2\u7684\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u5c0f\u8bf4\u90a3\u4e48\u63a5\u8fd1\u3002\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u768430\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u5947\u5e7b\u6587\u5b66\u548c\u79d1\u5e7b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5bc6\u5207\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4f53\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u7528\u4e8e\u8bc6\u522b\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4f53\u7c7b\u578b\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u635f\u59316%\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u7387<sup>[49]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u4e09\u3001\u6d4b\u91cf\u89c6\u5dee<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-normal-font-size\"><br>        \u5230\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u5df2\u7ecf\u5927\u81f4\u52fe\u52d2\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u5b57\u6765\u586b\u5145\u8272\u5f69\u548c\u7ec6\u8282\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0a\u9762\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u5bf9\u4e2a\u522b\u4f5c\u54c1\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5c31\u4f1a\u95ee\u54ea\u4e9b\u4f5c\u54c1\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u2014\u2014\u6216\u8005\u89c6\u89d2\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u4e86\u89e3\u6218\u524d\u3001\u6218\u65f6\u548c\u6218\u540e\u79d1\u5e7b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee51910\u5e74\u81f31939\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u79d1\u5e7b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e3a\u4f8b\u6765\u8bad\u7ec3\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6218\u524d\u6a21\u578b\u53bb\u8bc6\u522b\u5176\u540e30\u5e74(1940-1969)\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u79d1\u5e7b\u5c0f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u9884\u6d4b\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0e\u76f4\u63a5\u7531\u540e\u4e00\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u8bad\u7ec3\u51fa\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u4ece\u6218\u524d\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u54ea\u4e9b\u540e\u6765\u7684\u79d1\u5e7b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u662f\u6700\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u8bb6\u7684\u2014\u2014\u6700\u96be\u88ab\u6218\u524d\u4f5c\u54c1\u8bad\u7ec3\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u6b63\u786e\u8bc6\u522b\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e66\u90fd\u88ab\u6218\u540e\u7684\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u5458\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u79d1\u5e7b\u5c0f\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u518d\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u8bfb\u8005\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u5b9e\u8df5\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002\u5728\u53d1\u73b0\u79d1\u5e7b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u5171\u8bc6\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u8981\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u671f\u4f5c\u5bb6\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u79d1\u5e7b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7248\u672c\u3002\u56fe3\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u8be5\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002\u628a\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u7bad\u5934\u90fd\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u5bf9\u89c6\u5dee\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\uff0c\u8fd9\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u6218\u524d\u7684\u89c2\u6d4b\u70b9\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u6218\u540e\u7684\u89c2\u6d4b\u70b9\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u56fe\u4e09-1024x665.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1580\" width=\"833\" height=\"541\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u56fe\u4e09-1024x665.png 1024w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u56fe\u4e09-300x195.png 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u56fe\u4e09-768x499.png 768w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u56fe\u4e09-1536x998.png 1536w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u56fe\u4e09.png 1712w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 833px) 100vw, 833px\" \/><figcaption>\u56fe3<br>\u7528\u4e24\u5957\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u9884\u6d4b\u4e00\u5377\u4e66\u662f\u79d1\u5e7b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u6982\u7387\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7bad\u5934\u7684\u8d77\u70b9\u662f\u75281910\u5e74\u81f31939\u5e74\u6837\u672c\u8fdb\u884c\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u6240\u611f\u77e5\u5230\u7684\u6982\u7387;\u7ec8\u70b9\u662f\u6839\u636e1940\u5e74\u81f31969\u5e74\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u6240\u611f\u77e5\u5230\u7684\u6982\u7387\u3002\u5e26\u6807\u7b7e\u7684\u4e66\u662f\u9ed1\u8272\u7684;\u90a3\u4e9b\u6ca1\u6709\u6807\u8bb0\u7684\u662f\u7070\u8272\u7684\u3002\u300a\u81ea\u52a8\u94a2\u7434\u300b(<em>Player Piano<\/em>)\u7684\u9634\u5f71\u5708\u7684\u5782\u76f4\u534a\u5f84\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u90a3\u672c\u4e66\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5dee;\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u4e66\u7c4d\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u4e5f\u6709\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>        \u957f\u957f\u7684\u5411\u4e0a\u7684\u7bad\u5934\u8868\u660e\u4e00\u90e8\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e0e\u6218\u524d\u7684\u79d1\u5e7b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u90fd\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u4f53\u73b0\u51fa\u6587\u4f53\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u6731\u8fea\u601d\u00b7\u6885\u91cc\u5c14(Judith Merril)\u88ab\u8a89\u4e3a\u201c1960\u5e74\u4ee3\u79d1\u5e7b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u65b0\u6d6a\u6f6e\u6700\u6709\u540d\u3001\u6700\u5065\u8c08\u7684\u5021\u5bfc\u8005\u4e4b\u4e00\u201d\uff0c\u5979\u7f16\u8f91\u7684\u9009\u96c6\u5bf9\u65b0\u8d8b\u52bf\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u620f\u5267\u5316\u7684\u5448\u73b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u65e0\u9053\u7406<sup>[50]<\/sup>\u3002\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u6d77\u56e0\u83b1\u56e0(Robert Heinlein)\u7684\u300a\u5f02\u4e61\u5f02\u5ba2\u300b(<em>Stranger in a Strange Land<\/em>)\u4e5f\u56e0\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\u800c\u8457\u79f0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u300a\u60ca\u5947\u6545\u4e8b\u300b\u4e2d\u5219\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u4f53\u73b0\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6770\u514b\u00b7\u4e07\u65af(Jack Vance)\u7684\u6d41\u6d6a\u6c49\u5c0f\u8bf4(picaresque novella)\u300a\u5782\u6b7b\u7684\u5730\u7403\u300b(<em>The Dying Earth<\/em>)\u5982\u679c\u4ece\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u79d1\u5e7b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>        \u300a\u5782\u6b7b\u7684\u5730\u7403\u300b\u53ef\u80fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fc7\u65f6\u4e86\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5316\u7684\u9065\u8fdc\u7684\u672a\u6765\u4e3a\u80cc\u666f\u7684\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8bb8\u591a\u6218\u540e\u79d1\u5e7b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u76f8\u5bf9\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u63a8\u6d4b\u56fe3\u4e2d\u7684\u5c0f\u7bad\u5934\u5411\u4e0b\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u95ee\u4e00\u4e0b\u5b83\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4f20\u8fbe\u4e86\u591a\u5c11\u8bc1\u636e\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7bad\u5934\u7684\u8d77\u70b9\u548c\u7ec8\u70b9\u4ee3\u886830\u6b21\u4e0d\u540c\u5efa\u6a21\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u6d4b\u8bd5\u90fd\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u7565\u5fae\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e66\u7c4d\u6837\u672c\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u6218\u524d\u548c\u6218\u540e\u5bf9\u79d1\u5e7b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e00\u5377\u79d1\u5e7b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6982\u7387\u3002\u300a\u81ea\u52a8\u94a2\u7434\u300b\u7684\u9634\u5f71\u5708\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u5178\u578b\u53d8\u5316\u8303\u56f4:\u5927\u7ea668%\u7684\u6982\u7387\u4f30\u8ba1\u843d\u5728\u9634\u5f71\u5708\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u968f\u4fbf\u4e00\u77a5\u4fbf\u80fd\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u968f\u673a\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5bf9\u300a\u5782\u6b7b\u7684\u5730\u7403\u300b\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u89c6\u89d2\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u5dee\u5f02\u662f\u5f88\u5c0f\u7684\u3002\u7edf\u8ba1\u68c0\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5b9e\uff0c\u6218\u524d\u548c\u6218\u540e\u5bf9\u6770\u514b\u00b7\u4e07\u65af\u4e2d\u7bc7\u5c0f\u8bf4\u770b\u6cd5\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5076\u7136\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u3002\u56fe3\u6240\u793a\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u56db\u4e2a\u89c6\u5dee\u6d4b\u91cf\u503c\u90fd\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u5177\u6709\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u89c6\u5dee\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\u53ea\u662f\u7c97\u7565\u7684\u8fd1\u4f3c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u5355\u72ec\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\u67d0\u672c\u4e66\u4e0e\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u540c\u7c7b\u4f5c\u54c1\u662f\u600e\u6837\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u91ca\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u7528\u66f4\u719f\u6089\u7684\u6279\u5224\u6027\u8c03\u67e5\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u8865\u5145\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>        \u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u56fe3\u53ea\u662f\u6587\u5b66\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4eec\u7ecf\u5e38\u5c1d\u8bd5\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0d\u5fae\u7cfb\u7edf\u5316\u7684\u7248\u672c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7b80\u00b7\u5965\u65af\u4e01\u7684\u300a\u7231\u739b\u300b\u5982\u6b64\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u8c61\u81ea\u5df1\u7f6e\u8eab\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ca1\u6709\u4ea8\u5229\u00b7\u8a79\u59c6\u65af(Henry James)\u548c\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7\u827e\u7565\u7279\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u6700\u63a5\u8fd1\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u739b\u4e3d\u4e9a\u00b7\u57c3\u5947\u6c83\u601d(Maria Edgeworth)\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u89c6\u89d2\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d6\u4ee3\u90a3\u79cd\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u6c89\u6d78\u611f\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u50cf\u4eba\u7c7b\u8bfb\u8005\u90a3\u4e48\u654f\u611f\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u786e\u5b9e\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u65e0\u77e5\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u7684\u4eba\u5f88\u96be\u5fd8\u8bb019\u4e16\u7eaa\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u4e8e30\u5e74\u8bc1\u636e\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u53ea\u77e5\u9053\u8fd930\u5e74\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u5fc5\u5047\u88c5\u5931\u5fc6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5b83\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u63d0\u4f9b\u8005\u2014\u2014\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d1815\u5e74\u62161935\u5e74\u7684\u8bbf\u5ba2\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u5b83\u5bf9\u540e\u6765\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>        \u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u66f4\u5168\u9762\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5b83\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u9605\u8bfb\u6587\u672c\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5fc5\u53bb\u63a8\u6d4b\u5384\u4f11\u62c9\u00b7\u52d2\u00b7\u594e\u6069(Ursula Le Guin)\u7684\u300a\u9ed1\u6697\u7684\u5de6\u624b\u300b(<em>The Left Hand of Darkness<\/em>)[51]\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u5ef6\u4f38\u4e86\u6218\u524d\u79d1\u5e7b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u54ea\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6218\u524d\u548c\u6218\u540e\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u4e66\u4e2d\u7684\u4e2a\u522b\u6bb5\u843d\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bfb\u627e\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u6a21\u578b\u5206\u6b67\u6700\u5927\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5\u6b63\u5de7\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u524d\u63d0:\u683c\u68ee(Gethen)\u661f\u7403\u4e0a\u7684\u4eba\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u751f\u547d\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u523b\u53ef\u4ee5\u626e\u6f14\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u751f\u80b2\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u6218\u524d\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u5e76\u4e0d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u5178\u578b\u7684\u79d1\u5e7b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u5c06\u6700\u80fd\u5f15\u8d77\u610f\u89c1\u5206\u6b67\u7684\u8bcd\u7528\u52a0\u7c97\u6807\u51fa:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>        \u8bd5\u60f3:\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u3002\u8fd9\u542c\u8d77\u6765\u5f88<strong>\u7b80\u5355(simple)<\/strong>\uff0c\u4f46\u5176<strong>\u5fc3\u7406\u5f71\u54cd(psychological effects)<\/strong>\u5374\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u4f30\u91cf\u7684\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c17\u5c81\u523035\u5c81\u5de6\u53f3\u7684\u4eba(\u5982\u5c3c\u59c6\u6240\u8bf4)\u90fd\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u201c\u88ab\u751f\u80b2\u6240\u675f\u7f1a\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u5973\u6027\u5728\u5fc3\u7406\u4e0a\u6216<strong>\u751f\u7406\u4e0a(physically)<\/strong>\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u50cf\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u5973\u6027\u90a3\u6837\u5b8c\u5168\u201c\u88ab\u675f\u7f1a\u201d\u3002<strong>\u8d1f\u62c5(burden)<\/strong>\u548c<strong>\u7279\u6743(privilege)<\/strong>\u88ab\u76f8\u5f53\u5e73\u7b49\u5730<strong>\u5206\u914d(shared)<\/strong>;\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u6709\u540c\u6837\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u6216\u540c\u6837\u7684\u9009\u62e9(choice)\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u7684<strong>\u81ea\u7531\u7537\u6027(free male anywhere)<\/strong>\u66f4<strong>\u81ea\u7531(free)<\/strong><sup>[52]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>        \u201c\u7537\u6027\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u786e\u5b9e\u5728\u6b64\u5904\u4f7f\u6027\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e3b\u9898\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u53ea\u662f\u8fd9\u6bb5\u6587\u7ae0\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u79d1\u5e7b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u662f\u7531\u5fc3\u7406\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u63a8\u7406(\u8d1f\u62c5\u3001\u7279\u6743\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u9009\u62e9\u3001\u5171\u4eab\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u5f71\u54cd)\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u3002\u6d77\u56e0\u83b1\u56e0\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u89c2\u70b9\u4e0e\u594e\u6069\u7684\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u901a\u8fc7(\u501f\u52a9\u6a21\u578b)\u5bf9\u300a\u5f02\u4e61\u5f02\u5ba2\u300b\u8fdb\u884c\u6df1\u5165\u89e3\u8bfb\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5b83\u4ee5\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u57fa\u4e8e\u6218\u524d\u7684\u79d1\u5e7b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f:\u5b83\u8bb2\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u4e8e\u5fc3\u7406\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u51b2\u7a81\u800c\u975e\u89e3\u51b3\u7269\u7406\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>        \u7b80\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5b9a\u91cf\u8bc1\u636e\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u2014\u2014\u4ece\u4e00\u6bb5\u8bdd\u5230\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\uff0c\u518d\u5230\u8de8\u8d8a\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002\u4f46\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u5728\u6bb5\u843d\u7684\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b9a\u91cf\u4fe1\u53f7\u5e38\u5e38\u88ab\u566a\u58f0\u6df9\u6ca1\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e0a\u9762\u7c97\u4f53\u5b57\u662f\u4ece\u4e00\u672c\u8f83\u957f\u7684\u4e66\u4e2d\u62bd\u53d6\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u6837\u672c\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u677e\u6563\u5730\u8bf4\u660e\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u7edf\u8ba1\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u719f\u6089\u7684\u9605\u8bfb\u7b56\u7565\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u592a\u5f3a\u5927\u4e86\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u592a\u591a\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u8bfb\u8005\u5df2\u7ecf\u77e5\u9053\u594e\u6069\u4ece\u7269\u7406\u79d1\u5b66\u8f6c\u5411\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u3002\u6211\u4ece\u300a\u9ed1\u6697\u7684\u5de6\u624b\u300b\u4e2d\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u6bb5\u843d\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u201c\u7530\u91ce\u7b14\u8bb0\u201d<sup>[53]<\/sup>\u3002\u8d8a\u8fc7\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u9605\u8bfb\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ae0\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u771f\u7684\u8981\u786e\u8ba4\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5173\u952e\u76f4\u89c9\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8981\u786e\u8ba4\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6709\u7528\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>        \u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u56de\u5230\u66f4\u5927\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u8bb6\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u53d8\u5f97\u53ef\u89c1\u4e86\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6d77\u56e0\u83b1\u56e0\u548c\u594e\u6069\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u6587\u4f53\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u5e76\u4e0d\u603b\u662f\u5f88\u660e\u663e\u3002\u518d\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7f29\u5c0f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f00\u59cb\u770b\u5230\u5728\u666e\u901a\u9605\u8bfb\u89c4\u6a21\u4e0b\u770b\u4e0d\u89c1\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6d4b\u91cf\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u671f\u8bad\u7ec3\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u79d1\u5e7b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5e38\u5e38\u53d8\u5316\u5f97\u5f88\u6162(\u6bd4\u5947\u5e7b\u6587\u5b66\u8981\u6162)\u3002\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff0c\u8de8\u8d8a1940\u5e74\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\uff0c\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u53d8\u5316\u6700\u8fc5\u901f\u7684\u65f6\u671f\u3002\u79d1\u5e7b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u5206\u6c34\u5cad\u4e0a\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u6bd4\u8de8\u8d8a\u53d1\u660e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u76841920\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u8fd8\u5927\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u8bba\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u90fd\u80fd\u7acb\u5373\u5f97\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u8fdc\u8bfb\u8005\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e4b\u95f4\u67b6\u8d77\u6865\u6881\uff0c\u4ee5\u5c55\u793a\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u65f6\u671f\u5bf9\u5386\u53f2\u8ddd\u79bb\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u6d4b\u91cf\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4e0e\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u6587\u4f53\u521b\u65b0\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>        \u4ee5\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\u7684\u6587\u4f53\u7c7b\u578b\u5386\u53f2\u4e0e\u516c\u8ba4\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u4e24\u65b9\u9762\u5b58\u5728\u5206\u6b67\u3002\u6211\u6de1\u5316\u4e86\u300a\u60ca\u5947\u6545\u4e8b\u300b\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u800c\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u4e0e\u73b0\u5728\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u5947\u5e7b\u6587\u5b66\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5192\u9669\u6545\u4e8b\u548c\u79d1\u5e7b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5177\u6709\u957f\u671f\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ed3\u8bba\u4efb\u4f55\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u3002\u7edf\u8ba1\u6a21\u578b\u53ea\u662f\u8bc1\u636e\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8bc1\u636e\u4e00\u8d77\u6743\u8861\u3002\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u5411\u6587\u5b66\u5b66\u8005\u63a8\u8350\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u628a\u5b83\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u552f\u4e00\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u9002\u5408\u4e0e\u89c6\u89d2\u548c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u6709\u5173\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6027\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>        \u5728\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u77e5\u9053\u6587\u4f53\u7c7b\u578b\u662f\u5076\u7136\u7684\u3001\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u8bed\u6c47\u4ecd\u7136\u8bf1\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u5212\u51fa\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u754c\u9650\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8bf4\u54e5\u7279\u5c0f\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6587\u4f53\u7c7b\u578b(genre)\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f(mode)\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6587\u4f53\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8bf4\u5947\u5e7b\u6587\u5b66\u548c\u79d1\u5e7b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u5728\u300a\u6307\u73af\u738b\u300b(<em>The Lord of the Rings<\/em>)\u4e4b\u540e\u624d\u4e0e\u79d1\u5e7b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u6211\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u89c6\u89d2\u5efa\u6a21\u201d(perspectival modeling)\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u53ef\u4ee5\u652f\u6301\u66f4\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u4ece\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u5b9e\u8df5\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5e76\u8ddf\u8e2a\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u8054\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u6587\u5b66\u661f\u4e1b(literary constellations)\u5f62\u6210\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u76f8\u4e92\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u76f8\u4e92\u7275\u5f15\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5730\u56fe\u53ef\u80fd\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u719f\u6089\u7684\u5730\u6807\u2014\u2014\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\u533a\u57df\u88ab\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u201c\u79d1\u5b66\u4f20\u5947\u201d\uff0c\u65c1\u8fb9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u88ab\u91cd\u53e0\u7684\u6807\u7b7e\u4e3a\u5982\u201c\u5947\u5e7b\u6587\u5b66\u201d\u548c\u201c\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u5c0f\u8bf4\u201d\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u5e45\u5730\u56fe\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u7eed\u7edf\u4e00\u4f53:\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u8861\u91cf\u4e89\u8bba\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u548c\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e89\u8bba\u8bed\u4e49\u7684\u754c\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\"><strong>\u56db\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u9610\u91ca\u5b66<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-normal-font-size\"><br>        \u6587\u5b66\u5b9a\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u8005\u7ecf\u5e38\u4e89\u8bba\u8bf4\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u6697\u793a\u7740\u4e00\u79cd\u5ba2\u89c2\u6027\uff0c\u4e0e\u7ea6\u7ff0\u5a1c\u00b7\u5fb7\u9c81\u514b\u6240\u79f0\u7684\u201c\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u6bd4\u8f83\u65b9\u6cd5\u201d<sup>[54]<\/sup>\u4e0d\u76f8\u5bb9\u3002\u5fb7\u9c81\u514b\u6700\u7cfb\u7edf\u5730\u63a8\u8fdb\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u5979\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u5b66\u79d1\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u5b9a\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f7f\u8bc1\u636e\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u201c\u4e0d\u8a00\u81ea\u660e\u3001\u4ef7\u503c\u4e2d\u7acb\u3001\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u7f6e\u8eab\u4e8b\u5916\u201d<sup>[55]<\/sup>\u3002\u5fb7\u9c81\u514b\u5e76\u975e\u4e2a\u4f8b\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bf9\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u666e\u904d\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7b80\u5316\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u8f7b\u8511\u7684\u59ff\u6001\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\u00b7R.\u52a0\u6d1b\u97e6(Alexander R. Galloway)\u987a\u4fbf\u6697\u793a\u8fc7\uff0c\u201c\u6570\u8c46\u5b50\u201d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4e3a\u201c\u4e0d\u61c2\u9610\u91ca\u5b66\u7684\u5e74\u8f7b\u2018\u6559\u6388\u2019\u201d\u51c6\u5907\u7684<sup>[56]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>        \u672c\u6587\u8bba\u8bc1\u4e86\u5b9a\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6bd4\u8f83\u7684\u3001\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u548c\u9610\u91ca\u5b66\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6570\u5b57\u672c\u8eab\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5ba2\u89c2\u6027\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u53ea\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e3a\u4e86\u533a\u5206\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u521b\u9020\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6570\u5b57\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u5f88\u5feb\u53d8\u5f97\u6709\u7528\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b66\u4f1a\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0e\u7269\u7406\u6d4b\u91cf\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u800c\u7269\u7406\u6d4b\u91cf\u5e76\u4e0d\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u89c2\u6d4b\u8005\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6548\u7528\u5e76\u4e0d\u9650\u4e8e\u6b64\u3002\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e5f\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u636e\u6765\u8bc1\u5b9e\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u4e3b\u89c2\u5047\u8bbe\u6216\u5148\u9a8c\u3002\u4eba\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e26\u5934\u4f7f\u7528\u7edf\u8ba1\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u4ee3\u8868\u5904\u4e8e\u5386\u53f2\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u76f8\u4e92\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>        \u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u8005\u8b66\u544a\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u4e0d\u8981\u628a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5f53\u4f5c\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u795e\u8c15\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\u65e0\u76d1\u7763\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u88ab\u6388\u4e88\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u5f80\u5f80\u6bd4\u5b83\u4eec\u5e94\u5f97\u7684\u591a\u3002\u7528\u4e8e\u805a\u7c7b\u548c\u4e3b\u9898\u5efa\u6a21\u7684\u65e0\u76d1\u7763\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4eba\u5de5\u6807\u8bb0\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u8f93\u5165\u6587\u672c\u548c\u6a21\u5f0f\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\u3002\u5076\u5c14\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u4f1a\u60f3\u8c61\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u7f3a\u4e4f\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u76d1\u7763\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ed3\u679c\u5177\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u6027\u3002\u827e\u4f26\u00b7\u5218(Alan Liu)\u79f0\u8fd9\u79cd\u5e7b\u89c9\u4e3a\u201c\u767d\u677f\u89e3\u91ca\u201d<sup>[57]<\/sup>\u3002\u5728\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u65e0\u76d1\u7763\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e5f\u662f\u7531\u4eba\u7c7b\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u4f1a\u5bf9\u671f\u671b\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u505a\u51fa\u5047\u8bbe\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>        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       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       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       \u5f53\u6570\u5b57\u65b9\u6cd5\u80fd\u591f\u5c06\u65b0\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u88c5\u6210\u7528\u6237\u53cb\u597d\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u65f6\uff0c\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u79d1\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u63a5\u53d7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u53cb\u597d\u7684\u754c\u9762\u53ea\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf1\u5bfc\u6027\u7684\u201c\u6bd2\u54c1\u201d\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u9a8c\u8bc1\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u5b66\u8005\u9700\u8981\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u4e00\u70b9\u7f16\u7a0b\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u79d1\u76ee\u7eb3\u5165\u6587\u5b66\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u4ee5\u65b0\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u63a2\u7d22\u53d8\u5316\u548c\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\uff0c\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u8bba\u70b9\u8db3\u4ee5\u4f7f\u65b0\u65b9\u6cd5\u6d41\u884c\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ca1\u6709\u63a5\u53d7\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u7edf\u8ba1\u6a21\u578b\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u5fc5\u7136\u4f1a\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u89c6\u4e3a\u5916\u6765\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u672c\u6587\u6240\u63a2\u8ba8\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u7531\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u6765\u63d0\u51fa\u548c\u56de\u7b54\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong><span style=\"color:#003abc\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Machine Learning and Human Perspective<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ted Underwood<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><span style=\"color:#003abc\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Abstract:&nbsp;<\/span><\/strong>Numbers are not only useful for measuring objective facts, but also for interpreting perspectival differences. Quantitative methods are well-suited to comparative, relativistic and hermeneutic questions, which is computational hermeneutics. A particular type of model constructed by quantitative statistics, using documents produced in another time and space, reconstructs a vanished perspective on the world, much closed to the humanist\u2019s traditional approach to the past. The difference is that this supervised model can make predictions about new evidence &#8212; and it can make revealing mistakes, just as a living observer might. By studying those mistakes, we can map parallax between perspectives and measure differences of degree that would be hard to represent without numbers, which is the new opportunity machine learning brings to humanities research.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color:#003abc\" class=\"has-inline-color\"><strong>Keywords:<\/strong>\u00a0<\/span>Measurement of Literature; Perspectival Differences; Quantitative Methods; Machine Learning; Computational Hermeneutics<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\">\u7f16 \u8f91&nbsp; |&nbsp;\u59dc\u6587\u6d9b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-normal-font-size\"><strong><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u6ce8\u91ca\uff1a<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[1]\u7279\u5fb7\u00b7\u5b89\u5fb7\u4f0d\u5fb7(Ted Underwood)\u662f\u4f0a\u5229\u8bfa\u4f0a\u5927\u5b66\u5384\u5df4\u7eb3\u5206\u6821\u4fe1\u606f\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u9662\u548c\u82f1\u8bed\u7cfb\u6559\u6388\u3002\u4ed6\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u4e09\u672c\u4e66\uff0c\u6700\u8fd1\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u662f<em>Distant Horizons: Digital Evidence and Literary Change<\/em>, University of Chicago Press, 2019\u3002Ted Underwood,\u201cMachine Learning and Human Perspective,\u201d<em>PMLA<\/em>, Vol.135, No.1, 2020, Published by the Modern Language Association of America. Translated and Published in Chinese with author\u2019s permission.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[2]Rachel Sagner Buurma, Laura Heffernan,\u201cSearch and Replace: Josephine Miles and the Origins of Distant Reading,\u201d<em>Modernism\/ Modernity<\/em>, April 11, 2018, https:\/\/modernismmodernity.org\/forums\/posts\/ search-and-replace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[3]Wilhelm Dilthey,&nbsp;<em>The Formation of the Historical World in the Human Sciences<\/em>, Princeton University Press, 2002, pp.154-164.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[4]Stanley Fish\u201c, What Is Stylistics and Why Are They Saying Such Terrible Things about It?,\u201din Seymour Chatman ed.,&nbsp;<em>Approaches to Poetics<\/em>, Columbia University Press, 1973, pp. 109-152.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[5]John K. Smith,\u201cQuantitative versus Interpretive: The Problem of Conducting Social Inquiry,\u201d<em>New Directions for Program Evaluation<\/em>, no. 19, 1983, pp. 27-51.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[6]Franco Moretti,&nbsp;<em>Graphs, Maps, Trees: Abstract Models for Literary History<\/em>, Verso, 2005, p. 91.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[7]Johanna Drucker\u201c, Why Distant Reading Isn\u2019t,\u201d<em>PMLA<\/em>, vol. 132, no. 3, May 2017, p. 634.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[8]Richard Jean So\u201c, All Models Are Wrong,\u201d<em>PMLA<\/em>, vol. 132, no. 3, May 2017, pp. 668-673; Andrew Piper,&nbsp;\u201cThink Small: On Literary Modeling,\u201d<em>PMLA<\/em>, vol. 132, no. 3, May 2017, pp. 651-658.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[9]\u5173\u4e8e\u201c\u754c\u9650\u201d\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u7814\u7a76\u6587\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u89c1Andrew Abbott,\u201cThings of Boundaries,\u201d<em>Social Research<\/em>, vol. 62, no. 4, 1995, pp. 857-882\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[10]See Judith Butler,&nbsp;<em>Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity<\/em>, Routledge, 1990.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[11]Linda Mart\u00edn Alcoff,&nbsp;<em>Visible Identities<\/em>, Oxford University Press, 2006, p. 148.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[12]Ted Underwood et al.,\u201cThe Transformation of Gender in English Language Fiction,\u201d<em>Cultural Analytics<\/em>, February 13, 2018, http:\/\/culturalanalytics.org\/2018\/02\/the-transformation-of-gender-in-english-language- fiction\/.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[13]See George Eliot,&nbsp;<em>The Mill on the Floss<\/em>, 3 vols., William Blackwood, 1860.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[14]\u539f\u6587\u4f7f\u7528\u659c\u4f53\u5b57\u6807\u6ce8\uff0c\u4e3a\u9002\u5e94\u4e2d\u6587\u9605\u8bfb\uff0c\u6807\u6ce8\u65b9\u5f0f\u6539\u4e3a\u52a0\u7c97\u3002\u2014\u2014\u8bd1\u6ce8<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[15]George Eliot,&nbsp;<em>The Mill on the Floss<\/em>, 3 vols., vol. 1, pp. 45-46.(\u4e2d\u8bd1\u672c:\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7\u827e\u7565\u7279:\u300a\u5f17\u6d1b\u65af\u6cb3\u4e0a\u7684\u78e8\u574a\u300b\uff0c\u795d\u5e86\u82f1\u3001\u90d1\u6dd1\u8d1e\u3001\u65b9\u4e50\u989c\u8bd1\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77:\u4e0a\u6d77\u8bd1\u6587\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2008\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c24\u9875\u3002\u2014\u2014\u8bd1\u6ce8)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[16]Ted Underwood et al.,\u201cReplication Data for\u2018The Transformation of Gender\u2019,\u201d<em>Harvard Dataverse<\/em>, 2018, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7910\/DVN\/ZM2MAN.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[17]\u6211\u7528\u5bf9\u6570\u523b\u5ea6\u6765\u8ba9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u7684\u5206\u6b67\u66f4\u660e\u663e;\u5982\u679c\u6211\u7528\u7684\u662f\u666e\u901a\u7684\u6807\u5c3a\uff0c\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u5c31\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u6027\u522b\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u800c\u7f29\u5c0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[18]Ted Dunning,\u201cAccurate Methods for the Statistics of Surprise and Coincidence,\u201d<em>Computational Linguistics<\/em>, vol. 19, no. 1, 1993, pp. 61-74.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[19]Ceorge Eliot,&nbsp;<em>The Mill on the Floss<\/em>, 3 vols., vol. 3, p. 231.(\u4e2d\u8bd1\u672c\u7b2c438\u9875\u3002\u5f3a\u8c03\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u672c\u6587\u4f5c\u8005\u6dfb\u52a0\u3002\u2014\u2014\u8bd1\u6ce8)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[20]Ted Underwood et al.,\u201cThe Transformation of Gender in English Language Fiction,\u201d<em>Cultural Analytics<\/em>, February 13, 2018, https:\/\/culturalanalytics.org\/2018\/02\/the-transformation-of-gender-in-english- language-fiction\/.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[21]See Underwood et al.\u201c, The Transformation of Gender in English Language Fiction.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[22]Miriam Posner\u201c, What\u2019s Next: The Radical, Unrealized Potential of Digital Humanities,\u201dMiriam Posner, July 27, 2015, https:\/\/miriamposner.com\/blog\/whats-next-the-radical-unrealized-potential-of-digital- humanities\/.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[23]Darko Suvin,&nbsp;<em>Metamorphoses of Science Fiction: On the Poetics and History of a Literary Genre<\/em>, Gerry Canavan ed., Peter Lang, 2016, p. 79.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[24]Robyn Warhol\u201c, Genre Regenerated,\u201din Warhol ed.,&nbsp;<em>Introduction. The Work of Genre: Selected Essays from the English Institute<\/em>, English Institute\/American Council of Learned Societies, 2011, https:\/\/hdl.handle. net\/2027\/ heb .90055.0001.001.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[25]Ralph Cohen\u201c, History and Genre,\u201d<em>New Literary History<\/em>, vol. 17, no. 2, 1986, p. 210.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[26]See Brian Stableford,&nbsp;<em>Scientific Romance in Britain, 1890\u20131950<\/em>, Fourth Estate, 1985; Gary Westfahl,&nbsp;<em>Mechanics of Wonder: The Creation of the Idea of Science Fiction<\/em>, Liverpool University Press, 1999.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[27]Mark Bould, Sherryl Vint,&nbsp;<em>The Routledge Concise History of Science Fiction<\/em>, Routledge, 2011, p. 1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[28]Arthur C. Clarke,&nbsp;<em>Profiles of the Future: An Inquiry into the Limits of the Possible<\/em>, Rev. ed., Harper and Row, 1973, 21n1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[29]\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u4f7f\u7528scikit-learn\u7684\u6b63\u5219\u5316\u903b\u8f91\u56de\u5f52\u521b\u5efa\u7684(Pedregosa et al.\u201c, Scikit- learn: Machine Learning in Python,\u201d<em>JMLR<\/em>, vol. 12, 2011, pp. 2825-2830)\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u5f81\u5305\u62ec\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\u548c\u6807\u70b9\u7b26\u53f7\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4e9b\u6587\u4f53\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u53e5\u5b50\u957f\u5ea6;\u6570\u636e\u6765\u6e90\u4e8eBoris Capitanu et al.,\u201cThe HathiTrust Research Center Extracted Feature Dataset 1.0,\u201dHathiTrust Research Center, 2016, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13012\/J8X63JT3\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u683c\u641c\u7d22\u9009\u62e9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u4e2a\u6570\uff0c\u5373\u6b63\u5219\u5316\u5e38\u6570\u3002\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u4f7f\u7528ggplot2\u751f\u6210(Hadley Wickham,&nbsp;<em>Ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis<\/em>, Springer, 2009)\u3002\u66f4\u591a\u7ec6\u8282\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1Ted Underwood,\u201cCode and Data to Support\u2018A Measured Perspective,\u2019\u201d<em>Zenodo<\/em>, April 1, 2018, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.1210966\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[30]Sarah Allison et al.,\u201cQuantitative Formalism: An Experiment,\u201d<em>Stanford Literary Lab<\/em>, January 15, 2011, https:\/\/litlab.stanford.edu\/LiteraryLabPamphlet1.pdf; Ted Underwood,&nbsp;<em>Distant Horizons: Digital Evidence and Literary Change<\/em>, University of Chicago Press, 2019, pp. 34-67.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[31]\u5c06\u5947\u5e7b\u6587\u5b66\u548c\u79d1\u5e7b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u6765\u81ea\u827e\u4f26\u00b7\u5218(Alan Liu)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[32]\u5728\u7a0d\u540e\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u533a\u5206\u56fd\u5bb6\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u4f46\u5112\u52d2\u00b7\u51e1\u5c14\u7eb3\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u548c\u5361\u96f7\u5c14\u00b7\u6070\u4f69\u514b(Karel \u010capek)&nbsp;\u7684\u79d1\u5e7b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u975e\u5e38\u6613\u8bfb\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u88ab\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8fc7\u7684\u3002\u6211\u8fd8\u89c4\u8303\u4e86\u82f1\u5f0f\u548c\u7f8e\u5f0f\u62fc\u5199\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u63d0\u51fa\u8de8\u8d8a\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u513f\u7ae5\u6587\u5b66\u88ab\u6392\u9664\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u5206\u6790\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4e0e\u5947\u5e7b\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u7d27\u5bc6\u8054\u7cfb\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[33]See&nbsp;<em>Catalogue of the Principal English Books in Circulation at Mudie\u2019s Select Library<\/em>, Mudie\u2019s Select Library, 1911.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[34]Jos\u00e9 Calvo Tello,\u201cGenre Classification in Spanish Novels: A Hard Task for Humans and Machines?,\u201d&nbsp;European Association for Digital Humanities, Galway, December 2018.&nbsp;<em>EADH 2018<\/em>, https:\/\/eadh2018. exordo.com\/files\/papers\/46\/final_draft\/20181205_genre_classification_human_vs_machines.pdf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[35]Mark Bould, Sherryl Vint,&nbsp;<em>The Routledge Concise History of Science Fiction<\/em>, Routledge, 2011, p. 1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[36]Gary Westfahl,&nbsp;<em>Mechanics of Wonder: The Creation of the Idea of Science Fiction<\/em>, Liverpool University Press, 1999, p. 12.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[37]Gary K. Wolfe,&nbsp;<em>Evaporating Genres: Essays on Fantastic Literature<\/em>, Wesleyan University Press, 2011, p. 21.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[38]See Gary K. Wolfe,&nbsp;<em>Evaporating Genres: Essays on Fantastic Literature<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[39]Gary K. Wolfe,&nbsp;<em>Evaporating Genres: Essays on Fantastic Literature<\/em>, p. 164.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[40]Gary K. Wolfe,&nbsp;<em>Evaporating Genres: Essays on Fantastic Literature<\/em>, p. viii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[41]See Dorothy Scarborough,&nbsp;<em>The Supernatural in Modern English Fiction<\/em>, G. P. Putnam, 1917.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[42]\u6307\u82f1\u56fd\u56fd\u738b\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u4e03\u4e16\u7edf\u6cbb\u65f6\u671f\uff0c1902\u5e74\u81f31910\u5e74\u3002\u2014\u2014\u8bd1\u6ce8<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[43]<em>Catalogue of the Principal English Books in Circulation at Mudie\u2019s Select Library<\/em>, Mudie\u2019s Select Library, 1911, pp.886-888.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[44]John Rieder\u201c, On Defining SF, or Not: Genre Theory, SF, and History,\u201d<em>Science Fiction Studies<\/em>, vol. 37, no. 2, July 2010, pp. 191-192.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[45]Franco Moretti,&nbsp;<em>Graphs, Maps, Trees: Abstract Models for Literary History<\/em>, Verso, 2005, p. 21.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[46]<em>Catalogue of the Principal English Books in Circulation at Mudie\u2019s Select Library<\/em>, Mudie\u2019s Select Library, 1911, p. 886.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[47]See James O. Bailey,&nbsp;<em>Scientific Fiction in English, 1817<\/em>\u2013<em>1914: A Study in Trends and Forms<\/em>, PhD dissertation, University of North Carolina 1934 .<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[48]David Richter,&nbsp;<em>The Progress of Romance: Literary Historiography and the Gothic Novel<\/em>, Ohio State University Press, 1996, pp. 161-162.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[49]\u4e3a\u4e86\u7b80\u5355\u8d77\u89c1\uff0c\u6211\u901a\u8fc7\u6d4b\u91cf\u5728\u4e00\u7ec4\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e0a\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u8bd5\u56fe\u8bc6\u522b\u5b9a\u4e49\u53e6\u4e00\u7ec4\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u65f6\u6240\u5931\u53bb\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u6027\uff0c\u6765\u8861\u91cf\u6d41\u6d3e\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb(\u4ee5\u53ca\u540e\u6765\u7684\u6d41\u6d3e\u5185\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u901f\u5ea6)\u3002\u6709\u66f4\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u6bd4\u8f83\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u6211\u8fd8\u5047\u8bbe\u6a21\u578bA\u5230\u6a21\u578bB\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u7b49\u4e8e\u6a21\u578bB\u5230\u6a21\u578bA\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\uff0c\u6765\u4f7f\u5176\u7b80\u5316\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7b80\u5316\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u663e\u5730\u626d\u66f2\u8fd9\u91cc\u62a5\u544a\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u786e\u5b9e\u6de1\u5316\u4e86\u6587\u5316\u7684\u975e\u6b27\u51e0\u91cc\u5f97\u51e0\u4f55\u3002\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u6b27\u51e0\u91cc\u5f97\u5047\u8bbe\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u7cbe\u786e\u5730\u6d4b\u91cf\u6a21\u578b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u53c2\u89c1Ted Underwood\u201c, The Historical Significance of Textual Distances, \u201dProceedings of the Second Joint SIGHUM Workshop on Computational Linguistics for Cultural Heritage, Social Sciences, Humanities and Literature, August 2018, pp. 60-69.&nbsp;<em>ACL Anthology<\/em>, https:\/\/aclweb.org\/anthology\/W18-4507\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[50]Rob Latham,\u201cSextrapolation in New Wave Science Fiction,\u201d<em>Science Fiction Studies<\/em>, vol. 33, no. 2, July 2006, p. 251.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[51]See Ursula Le Guin,&nbsp;<em>The Left Hand of Darkness<\/em>, Ace, 1986.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[52]Ursula,&nbsp;<em>The Left Hand of Darkness<\/em>, pp. 93-94.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[53]Ursula,&nbsp;<em>The Left Hand of Darkness<\/em>, p. 89.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[54]Johanna Drucker,\u201cHumanistic Theory and Digital Scholarship,\u201din Matthew K. Gold ed.,&nbsp;<em>Debates in the Digital Humanities,&nbsp;<\/em>University of Minnesota Press, 2012, https:\/\/dhdebates.gc.cuny.edu\/debates\/text\/34.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[55]Johanna Drucker\u201c, Humanities Approaches to Graphical Display,\u201d<em>Digital Humanities Quarterly<\/em>, vol. 5, no. 1, 2011, https:\/\/ www.digitalhumanities.org\/dhq\/vol\/5\/1\/000091\/000091.html.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[56]Alexander R. Galloway,\u201cEverything Is Computational,\u201d<em>Los Angeles Review of Books<\/em>, June 27, 2013, https:\/\/lareviewofbooks.org\/article\/franco-morettis-distant-reading-a-symposium\/.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[57]Alan Liu\u201c, The Meaning of the Digital Humanities,\u201d<em>PMLA<\/em>, vol. 128, no. 2, March 2013, p. 414.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[58]\u6587\u5b66\u5b66\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6bd4\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u6240\u80fd\u63a2\u7a76\u7684\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u4ee3\u8868\u5730\u7406\u7684\u6a21\u578b(Elizabeth F. Evans, Matthew Wilkens,\u201cNation, Ethnicity, and the Geography of British Fiction,\u201d<em>Journal of Cultural Analytics<\/em>, July 13, 2018, https:\/\/culturalanalytics.org\/2018\/07\/nation-ethnicity-and-the-geography-of- british-fiction-1880-1940\/)\u6216\u8de8\u8d8a\u8bed\u8a00\u8fb9\u754c\u7684\u6a21\u578b(Hoyt Long, Richard Jean So,\u201cTurbulent Flow: A Computational Model of World Literature,\u201d<em>Modern Language Quarterly<\/em>, vol. 77, no. 3, September 2016, pp. 345-367)\uff0c\u6211\u6ca1\u6709\u8bb2\u592a\u591a\u3002\u6211\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u63a2\u7a76\u90a3\u4e9b\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u5206\u6210\u4e24\u6d3e\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u4e89\u8bba(Katherine Bode,\u201cThe Equivalence of\u2018Close\u2019and\u2018Distant\u2019Reading; or, Toward a New Object for DataRich Literary History,\u201d<em>Modern Language Quarterly<\/em>, vol. 78, no. 1, 2016, pp. 77-106; Andrew Goldstone,&nbsp;\u201cThe Doxa of Reading,\u201d<em>PMLA<\/em>, vol. 132, no. 3, May 2017, pp. 636-642;Lauren F. Klein,\u201cDistant Reading after Moretti,\u201d<em>Arcade<\/em>, 2019, https:\/\/arcade.stanford.edu\/blogs\/distant-reading-after-moretti;Dennis Yi Tenen,\u201cToward a Computational Archaeology of Fictional Space,\u201d<em>New Literary History<\/em>, vol. 49, no. 1, 2018, pp. 119-147)\u3002\u65e0\u53ef\u5426\u8ba4\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u5df2\u7ecf\u6697\u793a\u4e86\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e89\u8bba\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u56de\u5e94\uff0c\u5373\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u517c\u5bb9\u7684\u3002\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u53ef\u4ee5\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f8\u4e92\u8054\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u539f\u520a\u300a\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u300b2020\u5e74\u7b2c3\u671f,\u8f6c\u8f7d\u8bf7\u8054\u7cfb\u6388\u6743\u3002<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u6570\u5b57\u4e0d\u53ea\u8861\u91cf\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u4e5f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u91ca\u89c6\u89d2\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u5b9a\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6bd4\u8f83\u7684\u2026\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1576,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[454],"tags":[559,347],"class_list":["post-1570","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-454","tag-559","tag-347"],"blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":6}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1570","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1570"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1570\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2688,"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1570\/revisions\/2688"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1576"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1570"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1570"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1570"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}