{"id":16554,"date":"2022-05-04T21:04:00","date_gmt":"2022-05-04T13:04:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/?p=16554"},"modified":"2024-04-04T01:27:07","modified_gmt":"2024-04-03T17:27:07","slug":"%e6%9e%84%e5%bb%ba%e4%b8%aa%e6%a1%88%e7%a0%94%e7%a9%b6%e4%b8%8e%e5%ae%8f%e5%a4%a7%e5%8f%99%e4%ba%8b%e4%b9%8b%e9%97%b4%e7%9a%84%e6%95%b0%e5%ad%97%e6%a1%a5%e6%a2%81","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/site\/works\/dhjournal\/202103\/16554.html","title":{"rendered":"\u6784\u5efa\u4e2a\u6848\u7814\u7a76\u4e0e\u5b8f\u5927\u53d9\u4e8b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u201c\u6570\u5b57\u201d\u6865\u6881\u2014\u2014\u4ee5\u82f1\u56fd\u5185\u6218\u884c\u519b\u4e0e\u9a7b\u624e\u7814\u7a76\u4e3a\u4f8b"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u5f20\u5b87\u6d69\uff1b\u8f6c\u81ea\uff1a\u516c\u4f17\u53f7 DH\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#60569a\" class=\"has-inline-color\"><strong>\u672a\u6765\u5b66\u8005<\/strong><\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Di_3_Qi-1024x361.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-15013\" width=\"742\" height=\"262\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Di_3_Qi-1024x361.png 1024w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Di_3_Qi-300x106.png 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Di_3_Qi-768x271.png 768w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Di_3_Qi.png 1147w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 742px) 100vw, 742px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color\" style=\"color:#0071a1\"><strong>\u5f20\u5b87\u6d69 \/\u00a0\u5357\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u9662<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color\" style=\"color:#0071a1\">&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\"><strong>\u6458 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style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\"><strong>\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\uff1a<\/strong>GIS \u5b8f\u89c2\u4e0e\u5fae\u89c2\u53d9\u4e8b \u884c\u519b\u9a7b\u624e\u5730\u56fe \u655e\u7530 \u5708\u5730<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color\" style=\"color:#0071a1\">&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-medium-font-size\" style=\"color:#0071a1\"><strong>\u4e00\u3001<\/strong><strong>\u5bf9\u4f20\u7edf\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5ba1\u89c6\u4e0e\u53cd\u601d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ece20\u4e16\u7eaa\u540e\u534a\u53f6\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u53f2\u5b66\u754c\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u4e00\u573a\u788e\u7247\u5316\u53d9\u4e8b\u7684\u98ce\u6f6e\uff0c\u76f8\u5173\u8457\u4f5c\u4ea6\u7eb7\u7eb7\u6d8c\u73b0\u3002\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u53f2\u5b66\u754c\uff0c\u6258\u9a6c\u65af\u00b7\u5df4\u6069\u65af\uff08Thomas Barnes\uff09\u548c\u963f\u5170\u00b7\u57c3\u5f17\u91cc\u7279\uff08Alan Everitt\uff09<sup>[1]<\/sup>\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u5f00\u542f\u4e86\u4e00\u6ce2\u4e66\u519916\u81f317\u4e16\u7eaa\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u5730\u65b9\u53f2\u7684\u70ed\u6f6e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u518d\u628a\u5730\u65b9\u53f2\u770b\u4f5c\u91cd\u5927\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0e\u6ce8\u811a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5c06\u5b83\u7f6e\u4e8e\u821e\u53f0\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u7a81\u51fa\u5176\u6709\u522b\u4e8e\u5b8f\u89c2\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u4e0e\u7279\u6027\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5bf9\u5b8f\u5927\u53d9\u4e8b\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u4f9d\u7136\u6709\u5b66\u8005\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5c06\u201c\u5fae\u89c2\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u5b8f\u89c2\u201d\u6709\u673a\u5730\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4ee5\u56fe\u66f4\u52a0\u5168\u9762\u4e14\u900f\u5f7b\u5730\u4e86\u89e3\u4e0e\u5206\u6790\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5927\u536b\u00b7\u6602\u5fb7\u5510\uff08David 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1603-1660<\/em>\uff09\u5c31\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u6b64\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u6602\u5fb7\u5510\u4ee5\u5730\u65b9\u53f2\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5bf917\u4e16\u7eaa\u524d\u534a\u53f6\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u897f\u5357\u5730\u533a\u591a\u585e\u7279\u90e1\u3001\u585e\u59c6\u585e\u7279\u90e1\u548c\u5a01\u5c14\u7279\u90e1\u4e09\u5730\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4f20\u7edf\u548c\u5fc3\u7406\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u7ec6\u81f4\u8003\u5bdf\u548c\u8bba\u8ff0\uff0c\u5e76\u8bd5\u56fe\u5728\u5176\u4e0e\u5b8f\u89c2\u653f\u6cbb\u519b\u4e8b\u53f2\u4e4b\u95f4\u5efa\u7acb\u8054\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u636e\u6602\u5fb7\u5510\u9648\u8ff0\uff0c\u8fd9\u672c\u8457\u4f5c\u60f3\u8981\u89e3\u7b54\u7684\u6839\u672c\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u662f\u7ec5\u58eb\u4e4b\u4e0b\u7684\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u666e\u901a\u6c11\u4f17\u57281640\u81f31660\u5e74\u95f4\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u5bf9\u5176\u4f5c\u51fa\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u79cd\u79cd\u201c\u884c\u4e3a\u201d\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u9996\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u662f\u4e61\u9547\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u5fe0\u8bda\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u8bd5\u56fe\u901a\u8fc7\u63cf\u8ff0\u5404\u5730\u533a\u6587\u5316\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0a\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u5185\u6218\u671f\u95f4\u5404\u5730\u6c11\u4f17\u6548\u5fe0\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0a\u7684\u5dee\u522b\u3002\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u4e09\u90e1\u4e1c\u90e8\u548c\u5357\u90e8\u7684\u201c\u7f8a\u2014\u8c37\u533a\u201d\uff08sheep-corn 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area\uff09\uff0c\u5546\u4e1a\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u4ecb\u5165\u5230\u519c\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u4e2d\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u5708\u5730\u76db\u884c\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5c45\u4f4f\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e5f\u8f83\u4e3a\u5206\u6563\uff0c\u8fd9\u6253\u7834\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf\u9053\u5fb7\u548c\u4e60\u4fd7\u5bf9\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u675f\u7f1a\uff0c\u52a0\u901f\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u9636\u5c42\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5206\u5316\uff0c\u6545\u8be5\u5730\u7684\u5de5\u5546\u4e1a\u4ece\u4e1a\u8005\u548c\u5bb6\u5ead\u5236\u5c0f\u5708\u5730\u6240\u6709\u8005\u652f\u6301\u66f4\u6fc0\u8fdb\u4e14\u5e26\u6709\u6e05\u6559\u8272\u5f69\u7684\u8bae\u4f1a\u65b9\u3002<sup>[2]<\/sup>\u8fd9\u4e00\u7cbe\u5f69\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\u4e0d\u4ec5\u751f\u52a8\u63cf\u7ed8\u4e86\u5f53\u65f6\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u897f\u5357\u4e61\u6751\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6587\u5316\u56fe\u666f\uff0c\u4e5f\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u7cbe\u82f1\u4e0e\u5e95\u5c42\u6c11\u4f17\u4e24\u79cd\u53d9\u4e8b\u4e4b\u95f4\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u6761\u7ebd\u5e26\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u300a\u72c2\u6b22\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u5728\u5b66\u754c\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u70ed\u70c8\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e0e\u53cd\u54cd\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u5b66\u8005\u501f\u9274\u4e86\u5176\u7814\u7a76\u8303\u5f0f\u6216\u6838\u5fc3\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5b89\u00b7\u4f11\u65af\uff08Ann Hughes\uff09\u7684\u300a\u6c83\u91cc\u514b\u90e1\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0e\u5185\u6218\uff0c1620\u20141660\u300b<sup>[3]<\/sup>\u4e00\u4e66\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5730\u57df\u548c\u4e3b\u9898\u7686\u4e0e\u300a\u72c2\u6b22\u300b\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5728\u6709\u5173\u5730\u65b9\u4e61\u7ec5\u4e0e\u5a01\u65af\u654f\u65af\u7279\u653f\u6cbb\u7cbe\u82f1\u4e4b\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\u4e0a\u663e\u7136\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u540e\u8005\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u83f2\u5c14\u00b7\u5a01\u8f9b\u987f\uff08Phil Withington\uff09\u5219\u5c06\u76ee\u5149\u6295\u5411\u7ea6\u514b\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u8be5\u5730\u4ece\u5185\u6218\u5230\u590d\u8f9f\u65f6\u671f\u6709\u522b\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u5927\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u7684\u786e\u4e0e\u5176\u6c11\u4f17\u548c\u7cbe\u82f1\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4f20\u7edf\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<sup>[4]<\/sup>\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u5b66\u8005\u5f00\u59cb\u53cd\u601d\u6602\u5fb7\u5510\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u7f57\u6770\u00b7\u6c99\u5c14\u6770\uff08Roger Chartier\uff09\u3001\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u6c64\u666e\u68ee\uff08John Thompson\uff09\u3001\u65af\u514b\u91cc\u5e03\u7eb3\uff08R.W. Scribner\uff09\u7b49\u4eba\u5bf9\u201c\u5927\u4f17\u6587\u5316\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u5386\u53f2\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u9002\u7528\u8303\u7574\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8d28\u7591\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u6587\u5316\u5fc3\u7406\u8fc7\u4e8e\u6a21\u7cca\u4e0e\u591a\u53d8\uff0c\u8fb9\u754c\u4ea6\u96be\u4ee5\u754c\u5b9a\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u6000\u7591\u5b83\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8054\u7cfb\u9ad8\u5c42\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u5730\u65b9\u5386\u53f2\u4e4b\u7ebd\u5e26\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b66\u8005\u5728\u5426\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e00\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u66ff\u4ee3\u5b83\u7684\u65b0\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u5219\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u300a\u72c2\u6b22\u300b\u7740\u91cd\u8bba\u8ff0\u4e86\u9ad8\u5c42\u653f\u6cbb\u7eb7\u4e89\u900f\u8fc7\u53e4\u8001\u5730\u65b9\u6587\u5316\u4f20\u7edf\u6295\u5f71\u5728\u504f\u8fdc\u4e61\u6751\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u8d4b\u4e88\u540e\u8005\u65f6\u4ee3\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u5730\u65b9\u6587\u5316\u4f20\u7edf\u2014\u2014\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u533a\u57df\u6027\u7684\u6c11\u4f17\u5fc3\u7406\u4e0e\u60c5\u611f\u5171\u6027\u2014\u2014\u5728\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e86\u5b8f\u89c2\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u6784\u5efa\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u7740\u58a8\u6709\u9650\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f00\u59cb\u63a2\u7a76\u65b0\u7684\u201c\u7ebd\u5e26\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u56fe\u63cf\u7ed8\u8fdc\u79bb\u9996\u90fd\u7684\u666e\u901a\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u519c\u6751\u6c11\u4f17\u5bf9\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u5b8f\u89c2\u5386\u53f2\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u74e6\u5c14\u7279\uff08John Walter\uff09\u5728\u300a\u7406\u89e3\u82f1\u56fd\u9769\u547d\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u4f17\u66b4\u529b\uff1a\u79d1\u5c14\u5207\u65af\u7279\u63a0\u593a\u8005\u300b<sup>[5]<\/sup>\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f41642\u5e74\u57c3\u585e\u514b\u65af\u90e1\u53ca\u5176\u5468\u8fb9\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6076\u6027\u52ab\u63a0\u4e0e\u7834\u574f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u4ec7\u5bcc\u5fc3\u7406\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9ad8\u5c42\u51fa\u4e8e\u653f\u6cbb\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u653e\u4efb\uff1a\u4ee5\u5931\u4e1a\u5e03\u5339\u5de5\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u8d2b\u6c11\u5e0c\u671b\u501f\u6b64\u53cd\u6297\u5f53\u5730\u671b\u65cf\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u5362\u5361\u65af\u7684\u5708\u5730\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u8bae\u4f1a\u65b9\u9762\u5219\u56e0\u4e3a\u53cd\u738b\u515a\u53cd\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u7684\u8feb\u5207\u8206\u8bba\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u5bf9\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u7684\u8ffd\u7a76\uff1b\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u6587\u5316\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u56e0\u7d20\u4ea4\u7ec7\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5c06\u8d2b\u6c11\u4e0e\u5a01\u65af\u654f\u65af\u7279\u8054\u7cfb\u4e86\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b0\u7684\u7ebd\u5e26\u4e0e\u6602\u5fb7\u5510\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4e00\u6837\u5b58\u5728\u7f3a\u61be\uff1a\u5b83\u4eec\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u90fd\u8131\u80ce\u4e8e\u4e2a\u6848\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u6545\u6211\u4eec\u96be\u4ee5\u786e\u8ba4\u5176\u666e\u9002\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fd9\u4e00\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u501f\u9274\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u79cd\u79cd\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5f15\u51fa\u4e86\u672c\u6587\u60f3\u8981\u63a2\u8ba8\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u591f\u4ece\u5b8f\u89c2\u5386\u53f2\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408\u5730\u65b9\u6863\u6848\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u5e76\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5b8f\u5927\u53d9\u4e8b\u4e0e\u4e2a\u6848\u7814\u7a76\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6709\u673a\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e76\u5229\u7528\u5b83\u6df1\u5316\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u5fae\u89c2\u548c\u5b8f\u89c2\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u4e0a\u5bf9\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u5462\uff1f\u5e78\u8fd0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u52a8\u8361\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u5185\u6218\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u56fd\u738b\u3001\u8d35\u65cf\u3001\u5c06\u519b\u7b49\u5b8f\u89c2\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u7684\u9ad8\u5c42\u653f\u6cbb\u5b9e\u4f53\u4e0e\u5730\u65b9\u6c11\u4f17\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u524d\u8005\u7387\u9886\u7684\u519b\u961f\u5bf9\u540e\u8005\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u4ecb\u5165\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4ecb\u5165\u5373\u653f\u6cbb\u519b\u4e8b\u53f2\u4e0e\u5730\u65b9\u53f2\u7684\u4ea4\u6c47\u70b9\u3002\u4ece\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u63d0\u70bc\u51fa\u519b\u961f\u884c\u519b\u4e0e\u9a7b\u624e\u7684\u201c\u65f6\u95f4\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u7a7a\u95f4\u201d\u5c5e\u6027\u5e76\u52a0\u4ee5\u6574\u7406\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u53d1\u73b0\u4e0d\u540c\u5730\u533a\u5728\u4e92\u52a8\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u4e0e\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u5b83\u9a8c\u8bc1\u524d\u4eba\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u7406\u8bba\u6216\u63d0\u51fa\u65b0\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0e\u5de5\u5177\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u5173\u952e\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5206\u6563\u5728\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u65f6\u7a7a\u8981\u7d20\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u6613\u4e8e\u5206\u6790\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\u4e0e\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u603b\u7ed3\u5176\u4e2d\u9690\u85cf\u7684\u5ba2\u89c2\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u51fa\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8003\u91cf\uff0c\u7b14\u8005\u4ece\u53f2\u6599\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5185\u6218\u671f\u95f4\u90e8\u5206\u738b\u519b\u548c\u8bae\u4f1a\u519b\u7684\u884c\u519b\u4e0e\u9a7b\u624e\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u505c\u7559\u65f6\u95f4\u4e88\u4ee5\u52a0\u6743\u540e\u5728QGIS\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u5448\u73b0\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u5982\u56fe1\u6240\u793a\u3002\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u5bf9\u6602\u5fb7\u5510\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u8fdb\u884c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e4b\u65f6\uff0c\u51e0\u4e2a\u201c\u77db\u76fe\u201d\u4e4b\u5904\u7acb\u523b\u51f8\u663e\u4e86\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u9996\u5148\u662f\u56fd\u738b\u76f4\u5c5e\u90e8\u961f\u7684\u884c\u519b\u9a7b\u624e\u8f68\u8ff9\uff08\u56fe2\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u663e\u793a\u67e5\u7406\u4e00\u4e16\u4e24\u6b21\u9014\u7ecf\u8be5\u5730\u65f6\uff0c\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4f4d\u4e8e\u8428\u59c6\u585e\u7279\u90e1\u4e0e\u591a\u585e\u7279\u90e1\u4ea4\u63a5\u7684\u5e03\u83b1\u514b\u6469\u5c14\u8c37\u5730\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\u5185\u9017\u7559\u4e86\u5c06\u8fd1\u4e00\u4e2a\u6708\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7406\u5e94\u5b58\u5728\u4f17\u591a\u738b\u5ba4\u652f\u6301\u8005\u7684\u5357\u65b9\u767d\u57a9\u571f\u533a\u5174\u8da3\u4e0d\u5927\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u56fd\u738b\u7684\u519b\u961f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e0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class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"973\" height=\"612\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Tu_1-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16558\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Tu_1-1.png 973w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Tu_1-1-300x189.png 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Tu_1-1-768x483.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 973px) 100vw, 973px\" \/><figcaption>\u56fe1 \u82f1\u56fd\u5185\u6218\u884c\u519b\u4e0e\u9a7b\u624e\u56fe\uff0c\u88ab\u9ec4\u8272\u65b9\u6846\u6807\u6ce8\u7684\u4e3a\u6602\u5fb7\u5510\u6240\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u897f\u5357\u4e09\u90e1\u4e4b\u5927\u81f4\u8303\u56f4<sup>[6]<\/sup><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"957\" height=\"611\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Tu_2-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16557\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Tu_2-1.png 957w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Tu_2-1-300x192.png 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Tu_2-1-768x490.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 957px) 100vw, 957px\" \/><figcaption>\u56fe2 \u738b\u519b\u4e3b\u529b 1644 \u81f3 1645 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class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"968\" height=\"661\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Tu_3-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16556\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Tu_3-1.png 968w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Tu_3-1-300x205.png 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Tu_3-1-768x524.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 968px) 100vw, 968px\" \/><figcaption>\u56fe3 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class=\"has-text-color has-medium-font-size\" 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5730\u7684\u8d44\u6599\u80fd\u591f\u8f83\u597d\u5730\u53cd\u6620\u4e00\u5730\u6bcf\u5e74\u7684\u6536\u6210\uff0c\u800c18\u4e16\u7eaa\u540e\u671f\u5f00\u59cb\u5219\u6709\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e3b\u6301\u63a8\u5e7f\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ea9\u4ea7\u8c03\u67e5\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u552f\u72ec\u5728\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u8bf8\u5982\u5e84\u56ed\u89e3\u4f53\u3001\u5708\u5730\u63a8\u5e7f\u3001\u201c\u519c\u4e1a\u9769\u547d\u201d\u7b49\u5173\u952e\u8f6c\u578b\u768416\u81f317\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u76f8\u5173\u6570\u636e\u6781\u5ea6\u532e\u4e4f\u3002<sup>[12]<\/sup>\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u5357\u90e8\u591a\u655e\u7530\u5236\u800c\u5317\u90e8\u91cd\u5708\u5730\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u5165\u624b\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u4e0e\u8bc4\u4f30\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u8d22\u5bcc\u201d\u4e0a\u7684\u5730\u57df\u5206\u91ce\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e24\u79cd\u519c\u4e1a\u5236\u5ea6\u6700\u5927\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u4eec\u53d7\u201c\u519c\u4e1a\u9769\u547d\u201d\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u6df1\u6d45\u4e0a\u3002\u8fd9\u573a\u572818\u4e16\u7eaa\u8fbe\u5230\u5dc5\u5cf0\u7684\u6280\u672f\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u9769\u65b0\u6b64\u65f6\u867d\u7136\u624d\u521a\u8d77\u6b65\uff0c\u4f46\u5df2\u7ecf\u80fd\u591f\u4e3a\u63a5\u53d7\u5b83\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u6216\u56e2\u4f53\u5e26\u6765\u52b3\u52a8\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u4e0a\u7684\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u800c\u5708\u5360\u5730\u5728\u65b0\u6280\u672f\u3001\u4f5c\u7269\u4e0e\u751f\u4ea7\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u91c7\u7eb3\u548c\u63a8\u5e7f\u4e0a\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u4f20\u7edf\u519c\u4e1a\u533a\u6240\u65e0\u6cd5\u6bd4\u62df\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u6309\u7167\u8036\u5c14\u6797\uff08J. A. Yelling\uff09\u7684\u5f52\u7eb3\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u5e84\u56ed\u548c\u6751\u5e84\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e09\u91cd\u571f\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662f\u5e84\u56ed\u6cd5\u5ead\u3001\u79cd\u690d\u8005\u534f\u8bae\u4e0e\u5c0f\u4ea7\u6743\u6240\u6709\u8005\u7684\u81ea\u884c\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c<sup>[13]<\/sup>\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u9664\u4e86\u5728\u9762\u79ef\u548c\u80a5\u529b\u90fd\u6709\u9650\u7684\u5c0f\u5757\u201c\u79c1\u6709\u201d\u571f\u5730<sup>[14]<\/sup>\u4e0a\uff0c\u519c\u6c11\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u6d3b\u52a8\u5176\u5b9e\u8981\u53d7\u5230\u6574\u4e2a\u6751\u793e\u96c6\u4f53\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u6b64\u79cd\u7ea6\u675f\u53cd\u6620\u5728\u4f55\u65f6\u64ad\u79cd\u3001\u79cd\u690d\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f5c\u7269\u3001\u91c7\u7528\u4f55\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u7b49\u5404\u4e2a\u73af\u8282\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7740\u6574\u4e2a\u519c\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u5faa\u73af\u3002\u4e0d\u96be\u60f3\u8c61\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u65b0\u751f\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u63a8\u5e7f\u662f\u5341\u5206\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u3002\u6839\u636e\u519c\u5b66\u5bb6\u4ea8\u5229\u00b7\u8428\u5207\u7ef4\u5c14\u00b7\u8377\u9a6c\uff08Henry Sacheverell Homer\uff09\u89c2\u5bdf\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u655e\u7530\u5236\u6751\u5e84\u7684\u519c\u6c11\u5728\u6f2b\u957f\u7684\u5c81\u6708\u91cc\u79c9\u6301\u4e86\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5b9e\u884c\u4e09\u5703\u5236\u7684\u655e\u7530\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u201c\u901a\u5e38\u5c06\u7ed3\u675f\u4f11\u8015\u7684\u5730\u5168\u90e8\u79cd\u4e0a\u5c0f\u9ea6\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u90e8\u5206\u5c0f\u9ea6\u90e8\u5206\u5927\u9ea6\uff0c\u6b21\u5e74\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u5757\u7530\u91cc\u79cd\u690d\u8695\u8c46\u3001\u8c4c\u8c46\u3001\u5de2\u83dc\u6216\u71d5\u9ea6\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u5e74\u4f11\u8015\u201d\uff0c\u56db\u5703\u5236\u5219\u662f\u4e00\u5e74\u5c0f\u9ea6\u4e00\u5e74\u5927\u9ea6\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u5e74\u8c46\u7c7b\uff0c\u7b2c\u56db\u5e74\u4f11\u8015\uff0c\u201c\u4e16\u4e16\u4ee3\u4ee3\u4fdd\u6301\u5927\u81f4\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u201d\uff0c\u4ed6\u56e0\u6b64\u8ba4\u5b9a\u201c\u5728\u655e\u7530\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u571f\u5730\u7ecf\u8425\u8005\u2014\u2014\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u4eba\u6570\u4f17\u591a\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u2014\u2014\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fbe\u6210\u5168\u4f53\u5171\u8bc6\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u5bf9\u4efb\u4f55\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u7530\u5730\u6539\u826f\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u51e0\u4e4e\u65e0\u6cd5\u903e\u8d8a\u7684\u969c\u788d\u201d\u3002<sup>[15]<\/sup>\u76f8\u5bf9\u5730\uff0c\u6b64\u79cd\u6539\u826f\u5728\u5708\u5360\u5730\u4e0a\u7684\u63a8\u5e7f\u5c31\u8981\u987a\u5229\u5f97\u591a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u201c\u901a\u8fc7\u5708\u5730\uff0c\u571f\u5730\u6240\u6709\u8005\u7531\u6b64\u83b7\u5f97\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u8d22\u4ea7\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e14\u72ec\u5360\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u4ee5\u6536\u76ca\u6700\u5927\u5316\u4e3a\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u968f\u5fc3\u6240\u6b32\u5730\u5c06\u5176\u4f7f\u7528\u6216\u6539\u53d8\u201d\u3002<sup>[16]<\/sup>\u6b63\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u539f\u56e0\u548c\u66f4\u591a\u5177\u4f53\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u9ea6\u514b\u6d1b\u65af\u57fa\uff08D. N. McClosky\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u201c\u6751\u5e84\u5728\u5708\u5360\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u7684\u4ea7\u91cf\u8981\u6bd4\u655e\u7530\u72b6\u6001\u9ad8\u51fa\u5927\u7ea613%\u201d\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u5e76\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u8ba4\u540c\u3002<sup>[17]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8c08\u53ca\u65b0\u519c\u4e1a\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u5b9e\u9700\u8981\u5355\u72ec\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5373\u572817\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u8d77\u6e90\u4e8e\u591a\u585e\u7279\u90e1\u5357\u90e8\u963f\u798f\u666e\u5fb7\u5c14\uff08Affpuddle\uff09\u5e84\u56ed\u7684\u201c\u5f15\u6c34\u704c\u8349\u6cd5\u201d\u3002<sup>[18]<\/sup>\u4e00\u4e9b\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u65b0\u7684\u7267\u8349\u704c\u6e89\u6280\u672f\u5177\u6709\u9769\u547d\u6027\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u663e\u8457\u5730\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u767d\u57a9\u571f\u533a\u4f20\u7edf\u4e61\u6751\u7684\u755c\u7267\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u663e\u7136\u662f\u6709\u5931\u504f\u9887\u7684\u3002\u9700\u77e5\u5373\u4fbf\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u4e24\u767e\u4f59\u5e74\u7684\u5b8c\u5584\u4e0e\u63a8\u5e7f\uff0c\u52301830\u5e74\u65f6\u591a\u585e\u7279\u90e1\u5883\u5185\u91c7\u7528\u6b64\u6cd5\u7684\u571f\u5730\u4e5f\u4ec5\u5360\u5168\u90e1\u603b\u9762\u79ef\u7684\u7ea6\u5343\u5206\u4e4b\u4e5d\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u90e1\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u66f4\u4f4e\uff1b<sup>[19]<\/sup>\u6362\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5f15\u6c34\u704c\u8349\u6cd5\u7684\u666e\u53ca\u7a0b\u5ea6\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u9650\u7684\u3002\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8bf4\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u5728\u8fd9\u6709\u9650\u7684\u8303\u7574\u5185\uff0c\u5f15\u6c34\u704c\u6e89\u6280\u672f\u4e5f\u662f\u6781\u5927\u504f\u5411\u5708\u5360\u5730\u800c\u975e\u655e\u7530\u7684\u3002\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u662f\u4e8c\u8005\u7684\u5929\u7136\u5c5e\u6027\u5bf9\u81ea\u7136\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u5951\u5408\u5ea6\u4e0d\u540c\uff1a\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u897f\u5357\u90e8\u5730\u533a\u867d\u7136\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u4e3a\u6f6e\u6e7f\uff0c\u4f46\u6cb3\u6d41\u7684\u6c34\u91cf\u90fd\u4e0d\u5927\uff0c\u82e5\u5c06\u6709\u9650\u7684\u6c34\u91cf\u5206\u644a\u5230\u5e7f\u9614\u7684\u655e\u7530\u4e0a\u5219\u65e0\u5f02\u4e8e\u676f\u6c34\u8f66\u85aa\uff0c\u96be\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u517b\u8349\u7684\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u88ab\u5824\u9053\u3001\u6811\u7bf1\u6216\u77ee\u5899\u5206\u5272\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u5708\u5360\u5730\u663e\u7136\u66f4\u9002\u5408\u63a5\u53d7\u8fd9\u79cd\u704c\u6e89\u3002\u5176\u6b21\u662f\u6536\u76ca\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5f15\u6c34\u704c\u8349\u6cd5\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6548\u679c\u662f\u80fd\u591f\u8ba9\u7267\u8349\u63d0\u524d\u6536\u5272\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8ba9\u7f8a\u7f94\u5feb\u901f\u957f\u6210\uff0c\u5728\u8d27\u6e90\u76f8\u5bf9\u7d27\u7f3a\u7684\u6625\u5b63\u519c\u8d38\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\u8d5a\u53d6\u5229\u6da6\u3002<sup>[20]<\/sup>\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u91c7\u7528\u5f15\u6c34\u704c\u8349\u6cd5\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u519c\u4e1a\u4ea7\u54c1\u4e0e\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u7d27\u5bc6\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u8be5\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u5927\u5229\u6da6\u7684\u6e34\u671b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u5708\u5360\u5730\u6240\u6709\u8005\u800c\u975e\u6751\u793e\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u6210\u5458\u6240\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u3002\u6bd4\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e24\u70b9\u66f4\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u6210\u672c\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5f15\u6c34\u704c\u6e89\u6cd5\u7684\u53d1\u660e\u8005\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u00b7\u52b3\u4f26\u65af\uff08Edward Lawrence\uff09\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u70ed\u5fc3\u519c\u4e1a\u6280\u672f\u4e14\u62e5\u6709\u597d\u51e0\u4e2a\u5e84\u56ed\u6240\u6709\u6743\u7684\u4e61\u7ec5\u5bcc\u8c6a\uff0c\u636e\u4f30\u8ba1\u4ed6\u5728\u8fd9\u9879\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e0a\u82b1\u8d39\u4e86\u4e0a\u5343\u82f1\u9551\u7684\u5de8\u6b3e\u3002\u7a0d\u665a\u4e00\u4e9b\u7684\u6587\u732e\u5219\u80fd\u7ed9\u51fa\u66f4\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u57281697\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u4e00\u672c\u519c\u5b66\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u8be6\u7ec6\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e24\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5f15\u6c34\u704c\u8349\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u8fd0\u7528\u5728\u6d3b\u6c34\u4e0a\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6811\u7acb\u4e00\u67b6\u76f4\u5f84\u572815\u82f1\u5c3a\uff08\u7ea6\u54084.5\u7c73\uff09\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u5927\u6c34\u8f66\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6cb3\u6d41\u4e2d\u95f4\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u4e00\u6761\u62e6\u6cb3\u575d\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6c34\u8f66\u7684\u8f6c\u901f\u5728\u6bcf\u5206\u949f4\u5708\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc130\u82f1\u4ea9\u81f340\u82f1\u4ea9\u8349\u573a\u7684\u704c\u6e89\u3002\u8fd0\u7528\u5728\u6b7b\u6c34\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u6e56\u6cca\u548c\u6536\u96c6\u7684\u96e8\u6c34\uff09\u4e0a\u7684\u4f53\u7cfb\u66f4\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u4e14\u6602\u8d35\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9700\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u5ea7\u4f7f\u7528\u98ce\u529b\u6216\u755c\u529b\u7684\u5927\u78e8\u76d8\uff0c\u8fd8\u5f97\u914d\u7f6e\u4e00\u5957\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4f20\u52a8\u673a\u68b0\uff0c\u4ef7\u503c\u663e\u7136\u4e0d\u83f2\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\u4f5c\u8005\u8fd8\u660e\u8a00\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7cfb\u7edf\u867d\u7136\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5e74\u5c31\u80fd\u89c1\u6548\uff0c\u4f46\u8981\u5b8c\u5168\u53d1\u6325\u5176\u6f5c\u80fd\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u5c11\u5219\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u7cbe\u7ec6\u4e0e\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u62a4\u7406\u3002<sup>[21]<\/sup>\u5982\u6b64\u9ad8\u6602\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6210\u672c\u663e\u7136\u662f\u666e\u901a\u519c\u6c11\u6839\u672c\u65e0\u6cd5\u8d1f\u62c5\u7684\uff0c\u6751\u793e\u96c6\u4f53\u5206\u644a\u6210\u672c\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u53ef\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e2d\u9762\u4e34\u8bf8\u591a\u56f0\u96be\u548c\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u5176\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u5229\u76ca\u5bf9\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u6210\u5458\u7684\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7c7b\u4f3c\u52a8\u8bae\u5728\u6751\u793e\u6216\u5e84\u56ed\u6cd5\u5ead\u83b7\u5f97\u4e00\u81f4\u540c\u610f\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u6781\u5c0f\u3002\u7ed3\u5408\u4e0a\u8ff0\u53f2\u5b9e\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5f15\u6c34\u704c\u8349\u6cd5\u5bf9\u591a\u585e\u7279\u90e1\u4e1c\u5357\u90e8\u767d\u57a9\u571f\u533a\u7684\u755c\u7267\u4e1a\u4ea7\u80fd\u786e\u6709\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u4e14\u8fd9\u79cd\u63d0\u5347\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u591a\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u5c11\u91cf\u9886\u4e3b\u4e61\u7ec5\u5360\u636e\u4f18\u52bf\u751a\u81f3\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u5708\u5730\u7684\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u6838\u5fc3\u6751\u5e84\u4ece\u4e2d\u83b7\u76ca\u751a\u5c11\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53ef\u80fd\u9020\u6210\u5357\u5317\u201c\u8d22\u5bcc\u201d\u5dee\u8ddd\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u662f17\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u53f6\u5404\u79cd\u519c\u4ea7\u54c1\u4ef7\u683c\u7684\u6ce2\u52a8\u3002\u7ecf\u5386\u4e8616\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u540e\u671f\u7684\u4e00\u8def\u4e0a\u626c\u540e\uff0c\u7cae\u98df\u4ef7\u683c\u548c\u8c37\u7269\u79cd\u690d\u8005\u90fd\u572817\u4e16\u7eaa\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u632b\u6298\uff0c\u8fd9\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4e0e\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u4eba\u53e3\u589e\u901f\u7684\u653e\u7f13<sup>[22]<\/sup>\u4ee5\u53ca\u201c\u4ef7\u683c\u9769\u547d\u201d\u7684\u7ed3\u675f\u6709\u5173\u3002\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8c37\u7269\u548c\u7f8a\u6bdb\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u8f83\u4e3a\u840e\u9761\uff0c\u6d3b\u755c\u6d3b\u79bd\u3001\u8089\u7c7b\u548c\u4e73\u5236\u54c1\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u76f8\u5bf9\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0a\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u63d0\u5347\u3002<sup>[23]<\/sup>\u4ece\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u7cbe\u82f1\u5bf9\u5176\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7aa5\u89c1\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u663e\u8457\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff1a\u8bae\u4f1a\u5f00\u59cb\u62c5\u5fc3\u7cae\u98df\u7684\u8fc7\u5ea6\u751f\u4ea7\u4e0e\u4ef7\u683c\u8fc7\u4f4e\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6709\u4eba\u52a8\u8bae\u8981\u4e3a\u7cae\u519c\u63d0\u4f9b\u8865\u8d34\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u6d3e\u5219\u5efa\u8bae\u589e\u5927\u7267\u573a\u5728\u5168\u56fd\u571f\u5730\u4e2d\u7684\u6bd4\u91cd\u3002<sup>[24]<\/sup>\u6bd4\u5982\u8457\u540d\u519c\u5b66\u5bb6\u53ca\u6559\u80b2\u5bb6\u585e\u7f2a\u5c14\u00b7\u54c8\u7279\u5229\u4f2f\uff08Samuel Hartlib\uff09\u5c31\u5728\u5176\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u5927\u529b\u63a8\u5d07\u7267\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\uff0c\u8bba\u53ca\u5176\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4f20\u7edf\u519c\u4e1a\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u65f6\uff0c\u54c8\u7279\u5229\u4f2f\u5148\u662f\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u53e4\u7f57\u9a6c\u5b66\u8005\u8001\u52a0\u56fe\uff08Cato Maior\uff09\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u8bf4\u4ed6\u201c\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8e\u6a44\u6984\u56ed\u3001\u8461\u8404\u85e4\u548c\u8c37\u7269\uff0c\u66f4\u559c\u6b22\u7267\u573a\uff1b\u56e0\u4e3a\u7267\u573a\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u66f4\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u6536\u5165\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u52b3\u4f5c\u4e0e\u8f9b\u82e6\uff1b\u800c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u6295\u5165\u4e0e\u8f9b\u52b3\uff0c\u4e14\u4f1a\u906d\u53d7\u971c\u51bb\u3001\u9709\u83cc\u3001\u51b0\u96f9\u3001\u8757\u866b\u7684\u6467\u6b8b\u201d\uff1b\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u4ed6\u8fd8\u8865\u5145\u8bf4\u201c\u7267\u573a\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea7\u51fa\u7684\u9ec4\u6cb9\u3001\u5976\u916a\u3001\u6cb9\u8102\u3001\u6bdb\u76ae\u3001\u725b\u8089\u3001\u7f8a\u6bdb\u7b49\u5546\u54c1\uff0c\u5728\u79cd\u7c7b\u548c\u4ef7\u503c\u4e0a\u90fd\u8981\u4f18\u4e8e\u8c37\u7269\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6700\u540e\u603b\u7ed3\u79f0\u201c\u4e0e\u522b\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u62e5\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7267\u573a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5979\u66f4\u52a0\u5bcc\u9976\u201d\u3002<sup>[25]<\/sup>\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u8f6e\u8427\u6761\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e09\u90e1\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u519c\u4e1a\u533a<sup>[26]<\/sup>\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u4e0d\u5c0f\u7684\u51b2\u51fb\uff0c\u5b9e\u884c\u655e\u7530\u5236\u7684\u6751\u5e84\u5c24\u4e3a\u663e\u8457\uff0c\u800c\u201c\u6797\u5730\u533a\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5976\u916a\u533a\u201d\u4ee5\u7267\u573a\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0d\u5927\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u751a\u81f3\u4ece\u4e2d\u83b7\u76ca\u4e0d\u5c0f\uff1b\u5373\u4fbf\u662f\u4ece\u4e8b\u8c37\u7269\u79cd\u690d\u7684\u5708\u5360\u5730\uff0c\u5176\u62b5\u5fa1\u4ef7\u683c\u6ce2\u52a8\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u4e5f\u8981\u5f3a\u4e8e\u655e\u7530\uff1a\u5927\u519c\u573a\u4e3b\u8d44\u672c\u96c4\u539a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8010\u5fc3\u7b49\u5f85\u7cae\u98df\u4ef7\u683c\u7684\u4e0a\u6da8\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u8fd0\u5230\u4f26\u6566\u7b49\u7f3a\u7cae\u7684\u5927\u57ce\u5e02\u51fa\u552e\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u6216\u5bb6\u5ead\u519c\u573a\u5219\u80fd\u591f\u6839\u636e\u5e02\u573a\u884c\u60c5\u7075\u6d3b\u5730\u51b3\u5b9a\u79cd\u690d\u4f55\u79cd\u4f5c\u7269\uff0c\u5c06\u635f\u5931\u964d\u5230\u6700\u5c0f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f18\u52bf\u4ece1620\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u519c\u4e1a\u5371\u673a\u5f00\u59cb\u9010\u6e10\u79ef\u7d2f\uff0c\u5230\u4e86\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u671f\u5df2\u7ecf\u76f8\u5f53\u53ef\u89c2\uff0c\u8db3\u4ee5\u5f71\u54cd\u4e00\u652f\u519b\u961f\u7684\u884c\u519b\u548c\u9a7b\u624e\u8def\u7ebf\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5317\u65b9\u5730\u533a\u5438\u5f15\u4ea4\u6218\u53cc\u65b9\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u519b\u961f\u7684\u996e\u98df\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u4e24\u5730\u7272\u755c\u8d28\u91cf\u4e0a\u7684\u5dee\u8ddd\u6709\u5173\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u8be5\u65f6\u671f\u82f1\u56fd\u58eb\u5175\u98df\u8c31\u4e0a\u7684\u8089\u98df\u548c\u4e73\u5236\u54c1\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5f88\u9ad8\uff0c<sup>[27]<\/sup>\u4f8b\u59821645\u5e74\u6e29\u5207\u65af\u7279\u5b88\u519b\u5411\u514b\u4f26\u5a01\u5c14\u7387\u9886\u7684\u65b0\u6a21\u8303\u519b\u6295\u964d\u65f6\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u6d3e\u4eba\u8be6\u7ec6\u7edf\u8ba1\u4e86\u57ce\u5821\u5185\u7684\u5404\u7c7b\u7269\u8d44\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u53ef\u4f9b\u98df\u7528\u7684\u670938\u5927\u6876\uff08hogshead\uff09\u7684\u725b\u8089\u548c\u732a\u8089\uff0c15,000\u4efd\u5976\u916a\uff0c800\u78c5\u9ec4\u6cb9\uff0c140\u5938\u8131\u7684\u5c0f\u9ea6\u548c\u7c97\u7c89\uff0c3\u5927\u6876\u6cd5\u56fd\u8461\u8404\u9152\uff0c10\u5938\u8131\u7684\u76d0\uff0c20\u84b2\u5f0f\u8033\u7684\u71d5\u9ea6\u7247\uff0c14\u53ea\u6d3b\u7f8a\uff0c4\u5938\u8131\u9c9c\u725b\u8089\uff0c7,000\u4efd\u997c\u5e72\u548c112\u5927\u6876\u70c8\u9152\u3002<sup>[28]<\/sup>\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\u8089\u7c7b\u548c\u4e73\u5236\u54c1\u4e0d\u8bba\u4ece\u79cd\u7c7b\u8fd8\u662f\u6570\u91cf\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u53ef\u89c2\u7684\uff0c\u5360\u4e86\u603b\u91cf\u4e2d\u76f8\u5f53\u5927\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3002\u9020\u6210\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4e3b\u8981\u8fd8\u662f\u5f97\u5f52\u56e0\u4e8e\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u540e\u52e4\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u8bc1\u884c\u519b\u9014\u4e2d\u7684\u98df\u7269\u5145\u8db3\uff0c\u519b\u961f\u5e38\u4f1a\u5728\u542f\u7a0b\u524d\u6536\u96c6\u9a7b\u5730\u5468\u56f4\u7684\u725b\u7f8a\uff0c\u6d3e\u4e13\u4eba\u9a71\u8d76\u5b83\u4eec\u8ddf\u5728\u4e3b\u529b\u540e\u9762\u4e00\u8d77\u673a\u52a8\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u98df\u7528\u65f6\u518d\u5b9a\u91cf\u5bb0\u6740\u6216\u6324\u5976\uff0c\u6574\u652f\u961f\u4f0d\u597d\u4f3c\u8fc1\u5f99\u4e2d\u7684\u6e38\u7267\u5927\u519b\uff0c\u4e5f\u96be\u602a\u6709\u76ee\u51fb\u8005\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u6bd4\u4f5c\u571f\u8033\u5176\u4eba\u7684\u8036\u5c3c\u5207\u91cc\u5175\u56e2\uff08Janissaries\uff09\u3002<sup>[29]<\/sup>\u7ea6\u4e66\u4e9a\u00b7\u65af\u666e\u91cc\u683c\uff08Josha Sprigg\uff09\u591a\u6b21\u8bb0\u8f7d\u4e86\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u5982\u7eb3\u65af\u6bd4\u6218\u5f79\u524d\u67e5\u7406\u4e00\u4e16\u7387\u9886\u7684\u738b\u519b\u4e3b\u529b\u5411\u5317\u5b89\u666e\u6566\u8fdb\u519b\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u88f9\u631f\u7740\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ece\u672c\u90e1\u548c\u76f8\u90bb\u7684\u96f7\u8d5b\u65af\u7279\u90e1\u641c\u522e\u6765\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u725b\u7f8a\uff0c\u738b\u519b\u8fd8\u7279\u610f\u5206\u51fa\u4e861,500\u540d\u9a91\u5175\u6cbf\u9014\u62a4\u536b\u8fd9\u652f\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u755c\u7fa4\uff1b\u6b21\u5e742\u6708\u970d\u666e\u987f\u52cb\u7235\uff08Lord Hopton\uff09\u5411\u57c3\u514b\u585e\u7279\u9644\u8fd1\u673a\u52a8\u65f6\u4e5f\u540c\u6837\u9a71\u8d76\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u725b\u7f8a\u3002<sup>[30]<\/sup>\u8bae\u4f1a\u519b\u4e5f\u6709\u8fc7\u7c7b\u4f3c\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e00\u4efd1642\u5e74\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u8d1d\u5fb7\u798f\u5fb7\u4f2f\u7235\uff08Earl of Bedford\uff09\u9ebe\u4e0b\u7684\u58eb\u5175\u5728\u8428\u59c6\u585e\u7279\u90e1\u884c\u519b\u65f6\u52ab\u63a0\u4e86\u4e00\u5927\u7fa4\u5f53\u5730\u6c11\u4f17\u9972\u517b\u7684\u7f8a\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7272\u53e3\u4e25\u91cd\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u884c\u519b\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u58eb\u5175\u4eec\u4f9d\u65e7\u820d\u4e0d\u5f97\u5c06\u5176\u629b\u5f03\uff0c\u8fd8\u5728\u5bbf\u8425\u65f6\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u5c0f\u5fc3\u5730\u5708\u517b\u5728\u8425\u5730\u5468\u56f4\u3002<sup>[31]<\/sup>\u5708\u5360\u5730\u9664\u4e86\u4e0a\u6587\u6240\u8ff0\u7684\u7267\u573a\u4f18\u52bf\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u7272\u755c\u5728\u8d28\u91cf\u4e0a\u4e5f\u4f18\u4e8e\u655e\u7530\u533a\u7684\u540c\u7c7b\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u5728\u4e8e\u540e\u8005\u65e0\u529b\u7ea6\u675f\u519c\u6c11\u4e3a\u62a2\u5360\u516c\u5730\u8d44\u6e90\u800c\u517b\u6b96\u6570\u91cf\u8fc7\u591a\u7684\u7272\u53e3\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u56e0\u6b64\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5bf9\u516c\u5171\u8349\u573a\u7684\u8fc7\u5ea6\u5f00\u53d1\u3002\u6076\u6027\u5faa\u73af\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u516c\u5730\u4e0a\u653e\u7267\u7684\u7f8a\u7fa4\u5f80\u5f80\u8425\u517b\u4e0d\u826f\uff0c\u65e2\u5bb9\u6613\u53d7\u5230\u75be\u75c5\u548c\u5929\u707e\u6253\u51fb\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u8fc7\u5206\u7626\u5f31\u800c\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u5177\u5907\u5546\u4e1a\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u76f4\u523019\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\uff0c\u5e15\u91d1\u68ee\uff08R. Parkinson\uff09\u5728\u63d0\u53ca\u655e\u7530\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0b\u7684\u517b\u6b96\u4e1a\u65f6\uff0c\u5b57\u91cc\u884c\u95f4\u4ecd\u5145\u6ee1\u6012\u6c14\uff0c\u79f0\u201c\u517b\u90a3\u4e48\u591a\u7f8a\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e3a\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u5e26\u6765\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\uff08\u7272\u53e3\uff09\u5404\u79cd\u539f\u56e0\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u800c\u5e26\u6765\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u635f\u5931\uff1b\u8fd9\u6837\u517b\u51fa\u7684\u7f8a\u5f88\u5c11\u80fd\u8fdb\u5165\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u53bb\u4e86\u4e5f\u5356\u4e0d\u51fa\u51e0\u4e2a\u94b1\u2026\u2026\u5728\u516c\u5730\u548c\u655e\u7530\u4e0a\uff0c\u519c\u6c11\u4eec\u660e\u77e5\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8499\u53d7\u635f\u5931\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u5728\u653e\u7267\u4e0a\u4e92\u76f8\u8f83\u52b2\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u8ba9\u522b\u4eba\u4eab\u53d7\u516c\u5730\u4e0a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u76ca\u5904\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e0d\u8ba9\u90bb\u5c45\u4eec\u5bcc\u88d5\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5b81\u613f\u81ea\u5df1\u53d8\u6210\u4e5e\u4e10\u201d\u3002<sup>[32]<\/sup>\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5708\u5360\u5730\u4e0a\u517b\u6b96\u7684\u7272\u755c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8425\u517b\u5145\u8db3\u66f4\u52a0\u80a5\u58ee\uff0c\u51fa\u4ea7\u7684\u4e73\u5236\u54c1\u4e5f\u66f4\u591a\uff0c\u7406\u6240\u5f53\u7136\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u5c06\u519b\u548c\u58eb\u5175\u4eec\u7684\u9752\u7750\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7efc\u5408\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8bba\u8bc1\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u884c\u519b\u4e0e\u9a7b\u624e\u56fe\u4e2d\u6240\u53cd\u6620\u7684\u4e09\u90e1\u5730\u533a\u5357\u5317\u201c\u8d22\u5bcc\u201d\u5dee\u5f02\u7684\u786e\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u6839\u6e90\u5219\u5728\u4e8e17\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u53f6\u7684\u5927\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u5708\u5730\u76f8\u5bf9\u655e\u7530\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u519b\u961f\u5728\u897f\u90e8\u4e09\u90e1\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u8f68\u8ff9\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u5404\u5730\u5bcc\u88d5\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u5f3a\u70c8\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u66f4\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u5728\u5708\u5730\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u533a\u57df\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u201c\u5fae\u89c2\u201d\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e86\u201c\u5b8f\u89c2\u201d\u7684\u6784\u5efa\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-medium-font-size\" style=\"color:#0071a1\"><strong>\u4e09\u3001\u4ece\u5b8f\u89c2\u89d2\u5ea6\u5ba1\u89c6\u4e2a\u6848\u7814\u7a76<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u8d22\u5bcc\u201d\u7684\u7ebd\u5e26\uff0c\u5e76\u53d9\u8ff0\u201c\u5fae\u89c2\u201d\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u5b83\u5f71\u54cd\u201c\u5b8f\u89c2\u201d\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7406\u5e94\u7ee7\u7eed\u68b3\u7406\u201c\u5b8f\u89c2\u201d\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u201c\u5fae\u89c2\u201d\u7684\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u82f1\u56fd\u5185\u6218\u5bf9\u519c\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u519c\u6751\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u524d\u4eba\u5df2\u6709\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u7cbe\u5f69\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\uff0c\u6545\u672c\u6587\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u91cd\u590d\u53d9\u8ff0\u5386\u53f2\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u5b8f\u89c2\u5bf9\u5fae\u89c2\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u800c\u5c06\u91cd\u5fc3\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u5386\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u7531\u201c\u5927\u201d\u89c1\u201c\u5c0f\u201d\uff1a\u80fd\u5426\u5229\u7528\u6570\u5b57\u5de5\u5177\u603b\u7ed3\u51fa\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u5ba1\u89c6\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u5fae\u89c2\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u4e66\u5199\uff0c\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u8865\u5145\u4e0e\u4fee\u6b63\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9488\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9009\u53d6\u4e86\u897f\u5357\u4e09\u90e1\u5185\u7684\u5e03\u83b1\u514b\u6469\u5c14\u8c37\u5730\uff08Blackmore Vale\uff09\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\u3002\u6b64\u5730\u5728\u300a\u72c2\u6b22\u300b\u4e2d\u4e5f\u662f\u88ab\u7740\u91cd\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u5730\u533a\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u6602\u5fb7\u5510\u6839\u636e\u738b\u519b\u5404\u56e2\u58eb\u5175\u62db\u52df\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u62a4\u56fd\u4e3b\u65f6\u671f\u738b\u515a\u5206\u5b50\u5acc\u7591\u540d\u518c\u548c\u65af\u56fe\u4e9a\u7279\u738b\u671d\u590d\u8f9f\u540e\u9000\u4f11\u91d1\u53d1\u653e\u540d\u5355\u7b49\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u518d\u7ed3\u5408\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u5173\u516c\u7c3f\u6301\u6709\u519c\u548c\u8305\u820d\u519c\u7684\u9057\u4ea7\u7ee7\u627f\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u4e61\u6751\u6cd5\u5ead\u6216\u6559\u533a\u6750\u6599\u8ba4\u5b9a\uff0c17\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u53f6\u8be5\u5730\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f20\u7edf\u800c\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684\u519c\u4e1a\u793e\u4f1a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5bf9\u56fe2\u3001\u56fe3\u7edf\u8ba1\u53ef\u77e5\uff0c\u67e5\u7406\u4e00\u4e16\u76f4\u5c5e\u90e8\u961f\u548c\u65b0\u6a21\u8303\u519b\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u72ed\u5c0f\u533a\u57df\u5185\u505c\u7559\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u90fd\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e8620\u5929\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u7684\u4eba\u6570\u5728\u4e00\u4e07\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u5219\u8fd1\u4e24\u4e07\uff0c\u800c\u5f53\u65f6\u5e03\u83b1\u514b\u6469\u5c14\u8c37\u5730\u7684\u603b\u4eba\u53e3\u7ea6\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e07\u516d\u5343\u4eba\u3002<sup>[33]<\/sup>\u80fd\u591f\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u53cc\u65b9\u505c\u7559\u7684\u65f6\u957f\u4ee5\u53ca\u57df\u5185\u4eba\u53e3\u4e0e\u9014\u7ecf\u6b64\u5730\u519b\u961f\u6570\u91cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff0c\u90fd\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u6b64\u5730\u7684\u519c\u7267\u4ea7\u54c1\u51fa\u4ea7\u5341\u5206\u4e30\u5bcc\u3002\u7136\u800c\u4ed4\u7ec6\u5206\u6790\u4e09\u90e1\u5730\u533a\u7279\u522b\u662f\u519b\u961f\u9014\u5f84\u5730\u533a\u571f\u58e4\u72b6\u51b5\uff08\u89c1\u56fe4\uff09\u540e\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5e03\u83b1\u514b\u6469\u5c14\u533a\u57df\u571f\u5730\u7684\u80a5\u6c83\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0e\u5357\u90e8\u767d\u57a9\u571f\u533a\u76f8\u6bd4\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8fd8\u5305\u542b\u6709\u5927\u7247\u8f83\u4e3a\u8d2b\u7620\u7684\u571f\u5730\u3002<sup>[34]<\/sup>\u95ee\u9898\u968f\u4e4b\u800c\u6765\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6602\u5fb7\u5510\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8be5\u5730\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u5b8c\u5168\u5c5e\u5b9e\uff0c\u5373\u5e03\u83b1\u514b\u6469\u5c14\u8c37\u5730\u771f\u7684\u548c\u767d\u57a9\u571f\u533a\u4e00\u6837\u904d\u5e03\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u655e\u7530\u5236\u6751\u5e84\uff0c\u5b83\u600e\u4e48\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u5728\u5982\u6b64\u957f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\u4f9b\u517b\u4e24\u652f\u5927\u519b\u7684\u60ca\u4eba\u6d88\u8017\uff1f\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u7406\u7531\u6000\u7591\uff0c\u524d\u4eba\u5bf917\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u53f6\u5e03\u83b1\u514b\u6469\u5c14\u8c37\u5730\u793e\u4f1a\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u63cf\u7ed8\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u504f\u5dee\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u8981\u505a\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u4ece\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u5bfb\u627e\u8bc1\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"822\" height=\"673\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Tu_4-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16555\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Tu_4-1.png 822w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Tu_4-1-300x246.png 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Tu_4-1-768x629.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 822px) 100vw, 822px\" \/><figcaption>\u56fe4 \u4e09\u90e1\u5730\u533a\u884c\u519b\u9a7b\u624e\u5730\u70b9\u7684\u571f\u58e4\u72b6\u51b5\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u7ea2\u8272\u661f\u548c\u767d\u8272\u5706\u5708\u5206\u522b\u4ee3\u8868\u738b\u519b\u4e0e\u65b0\u6a21\u8303\u519b\u7684\u884c\u519b\u4e0e\u9a7b\u624e\u5730\uff0c\u5e95\u56fe\u4e3a\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u519c\u4e1a\u571f\u5730\u5206\u7ea7\uff08Agriculture Land Classification of England\uff09\u6570\u636e\uff0c<sup>[35]<\/sup>\u571f\u5730\u80a5\u6c83\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4ece1\u7ea7\u52305\u7ea7\u9012\u51cf\u3002\u7ea2\u5708\u5185\u4e3a\u5e03\u83b1\u514b\u6469\u5c14\u8c37\u5730\u7684\u5927\u81f4\u8303\u56f4\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">\u6839\u636e\u4e00\u4f4d\u65b0\u6a21\u8303\u519b\u519b\u5b98\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c1645\u5e745\u6708\u4e2d\u4ed6\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u90e8\u961f\u5728\u8d39\u5c14\u6cd5\u514b\u65af\u7684\u7387\u9886\u4e0b\u4ece\u5b89\u591a\u4f5b\uff08Andover\uff09\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u79bb\u5f00\u7d22\u5c14\u5179\u4f2f\u91cc\u5e73\u539f\u8fdb\u5165\u5e03\u83b1\u514b\u6469\u5c14\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u884c\u81f3\u67e5\u5fb7\u518d\u6298\u5411\u897f\u5317\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5230\u8fbe\u9676\u987f\uff08Taunton\uff09\u3002<sup>[36]<\/sup>\u7531\u4e8e\u51fa\u53d1\u524d\u6307\u6325\u5b98\u7279\u610f\u6574\u987f\u519b\u7eaa\u5904\u6b7b\u4e86\u6570\u540d\u4e3a\u975e\u4f5c\u6b79\u8005\uff0c\u5e76\u627f\u8bfa\u5c06\u4f1a\u6309\u65f6\u6309\u91cf\u53d1\u653e\u5de5\u8d44\uff0c\u58eb\u5175\u4eec\u5728\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4e3a\u671f\u516b\u5929\u7684\u884c\u519b\u4e2d\u57fa\u672c\u505a\u5230\u4e86\u79cb\u6beb\u65e0\u72af\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5bf9\u6cbf\u9014\u5c45\u6c11\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u8fdb\u884c\u592a\u591a\u9a9a\u6270\u3002\u4ee4\u4eba\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u662f\u4f5c\u8005\u7528\u4ee5\u5f62\u5bb9\u8fd9\u79cd\u826f\u597d\u519b\u7eaa\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ed6\u79f0\u201c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u591a\u65b9\u8be2\u95ee\uff0c\u6211\u6ca1\u6709\u542c\u8bf4\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u62b1\u6028\u81ea\u5df1\u4e22\u4e86\u725b\u3001\u7ef5\u7f8a\u3001\u7f8a\u7f94\u3001\u6bcd\u9e21\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e00\u4e2a\u9e21\u86cb\u201d\uff0c\u4fa7\u9762\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u8be5\u5730\u533a\u755c\u7267\u4e1a\u5360\u636e\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002\u4ed6\u8fd8\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u8def\u8d70\u6765\u6240\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u666f\u8c61\uff1a\u519b\u961f\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5c11\u6709\u5e02\u9547\u6751\u5e84\uff0c\u9053\u8def\u4e24\u65c1\u662f\u5927\u7247\u7267\u573a\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u77d7\u7acb\u7740\u4e00\u4e9b\u56e0\u4e3a\u6218\u4e89\u800c\u5e9f\u5f03\u7684\u5927\u8c37\u4ed3\uff0c\u58eb\u5175\u4eec\u5c31\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u8fc7\u591c\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u501a\u9760\u7740\u7530\u95f4\u7ef5\u5ef6\u4e0d\u7edd\u7684\u6811\u7bf1\u5165\u7761\uff1b\u5230\u4e86\u9676\u987f\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u4e00\u5ea7\u5c71\u4e0a\uff0c\u5219\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u4ece\u5c71\u811a\u5230\u5e02\u9547\u90fd\u662f\u5c0f\u5757\u7528\u7bf1\u7b06\u56f4\u4f4f\u7684\u5730\u3002<sup>[37]<\/sup>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u666f\u8c61\u90fd\u5e26\u6709\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u5708\u5360\u5730\u8272\u5f69\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408\u755c\u7267\u4e1a\u6240\u5360\u7684\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u4ee5\u53ca\u6751\u5e84\u623f\u5c4b\u7684\u7a00\u5c11\uff0c\u5f88\u96be\u60f3\u8c61\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u5757\u516c\u7c3f\u6301\u6709\u519c\u548c\u8305\u820d\u519c\u4f9d\u65e7\u5360\u636e\u4f18\u52bf\u7684\u571f\u5730\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">\u66f4\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u6765\u81ea\u820d\u4f2f\u6069\uff08Sherborne\uff09\u3002\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u7206\u53d1\u524d\u591c\u76841642\u5e74\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u8bae\u4f1a\u7684\u65b0\u6559\u5f92\u58f0\u79f0\u4ed6\u4eec\u7834\u83b7\u4e86\u8fea\u683c\u6bd4\u52cb\u7235\uff08Lord Digby\uff09<sup>[38]<\/sup>\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u9634\u8c0b\u201d\uff0c\u5728\u9547\u4e0a\u540e\u8005\u540d\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d2e\u85cf\u7f8a\u6bdb\u7684\u4ed3\u5e93\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86300\u628a\u6ed1\u819b\u67aa\u548c1,500\u628a\u5176\u4ed6\u706b\u836f\u6b66\u5668\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6570\u91cf\u4e0d\u8be6\u7684\u6b65\u5175\u957f\u67aa\u548c\u9a91\u67aa\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u8fea\u683c\u6bd4\u52cb\u7235\u7236\u4eb2\u7684\u8001\u5730\u7a96\u4e2d\u8d77\u83b7\u4e86\u6570\u91cf\u4f17\u591a\u7528\u5927\u6876\u5206\u88c5\u7684\u706b\u836f\uff0c\u5916\u9762\u8fd8\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u9152\u3001\u5e72\u67f4\u548c\u6728\u6599\u7b49\u5f15\u706b\u7269\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8bae\u4f1a\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\u65ad\u5b9a\u8fd9\u662f\u8fea\u683c\u6bd4\u7b56\u5212\u53cd\u53db\u8bae\u4f1a\u7684\u94c1\u8bc1\u3002<sup>[39]<\/sup>\u7531\u4e8e17\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u706b\u7ef3\u67aa\u548c\u6ed1\u819b\u67aa\u4f53\u79ef\u91cd\u91cf\u90fd\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u4e14\u8fd8\u6709\u652f\u67b6\u3001\u5f39\u836f\u5e26\u7b49\u9644\u5c5e\u7269\u54c1\uff0c\u957f\u67c4\u51b7\u5175\u5668\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u76f8\u5f53\u5bbd\u655e\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u624d\u80fd\u5b58\u653e\uff0c<sup>[40]<\/sup>\u6545\u80fd\u591f\u770b\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e24\u5904\u4ed3\u5e93\u7684\u4f53\u79ef\u90fd\u76f8\u5f53\u5927\u3002\u5de8\u5927\u4ed3\u5e93\u4ee3\u8868\u7740\u6570\u91cf\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u7f8a\u6bdb\u548c\u7f8a\u6bdb\u8d38\u6613\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5e9e\u5927\u79c1\u6709\u8349\u573a\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u8fea\u683c\u6bd4\u5728\u9547\u5b50\u5468\u8fb9\u5708\u5360\u4e86\u76f8\u5f53\u5e7f\u5927\u7684\u5730\u4ea7\u3002\u524d\u8ff0\u4e24\u5904\u4ed3\u50a8\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4ea6\u6307\u5411\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u8fea\u683c\u6bd4\u57281618\u5e74\u624d\u53d7\u5c01\u6765\u5230\u820d\u4f2f\u6069\u9547\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5730\u7a96\u548c\u4ed3\u5e93\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u4e0e1620\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u7684\u519c\u4e1a\u5371\u673a\u540c\u65f6\u6216\u5728\u5176\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6b64\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u4ef6\u663e\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u5730\u4ea7\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77\u4e0e\u7e41\u8363\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u76f8\u5173\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e3a\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6709\u5173\u820d\u4f2f\u6069\u7684\u5047\u8bf4\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u4f50\u8bc1\u3002\u4e00\u4efd\u8bb0\u8f7d\u54c8\u7279\u798f\u5fb7\u4faf\u7235\uff08Marquis of Hartford\uff09\u5411\u8d1d\u5fb7\u798f\u5fb7\u4f2f\u7235\u8bf7\u964d\u5e76\u5546\u8ba8\u6295\u964d\u5177\u4f53\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7b80\u62a5\u5728\u53d9\u8ff0\u6218\u573a\u5468\u8fb9\u60c5\u51b5\u65f6\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u820d\u4f2f\u6069\u9547\u7684\u5c45\u6c11\u201c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u90fd\u662f\u8fea\u683c\u6bd4\u8001\u7237\u7684\u4f43\u6237\u201d\u3002<sup>[41]<\/sup>\u53e6\u4e00\u5219\u6218\u4e8b\u8bb0\u5f55\u5219\u79f0\uff0c\u8bae\u4f1a\u519b\u57281642\u5e749\u6708\u56e0\u653b\u6253\u820d\u4f2f\u6069\u57ce\u5821\u53d7\u632b\u800c\u64a4\u79bb\u4e4b\u65f6\uff0c\u70e7\u6bc1\u4e86\u738b\u515a\u56e4\u79ef\u5728\u9547\u5b50\u91cc\u7684\u5927\u6279\u8349\u6599\uff0c\u8fd9\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e4b\u524d\u56e0\u53d7\u8df5\u8e0f\u800c\u6bc1\u574f\u7684\u5e84\u7a3c\uff0c\u5728\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u4f30\u8ba1\u4e0b\u81f3\u5c11\u7ed9\u738b\u515a\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u5343\u82f1\u9551\u7684\u635f\u5931\u3002<sup>[42]<\/sup>\u8981\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u5728\u8c37\u7269\u4ef7\u683c\u76f8\u5bf9\u4f4e\u8ff7\u768417\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u53f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e48\u9ad8\u6602\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u610f\u5473\u7740\u540c\u6837\u9ad8\u7684\u7cae\u98df\u548c\u8349\u6599\u4ea7\u91cf\uff0c\u5c06\u5982\u6b64\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u519c\u4ea7\u54c1\u96c6\u4e2d\u56e4\u79ef\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e5f\u4e0d\u50cf\u5c0f\u89c4\u6a21\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u4f1a\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u66f4\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u8bb6\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u57ce\u5821\u5185\u9a7b\u5b88\u7684\u738b\u519b\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u53d7\u5230\u592a\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u6b21\u5e744\u6708\u8fd8\u5bf9\u8bae\u4f1a\u519b\u7684\u53c8\u4e00\u6b21\u8fdb\u653b\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u5353\u6709\u6210\u6548\u7684\u53cd\u51fb\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u8bae\u4f1a\u519b\u53c8\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u6765\u81ea\u540e\u65b9\u7684\u63f4\u519b\u4f7f\u5f97\u53cc\u65b9\u529b\u91cf\u5bf9\u6bd4\u8fc7\u4e8e\u60ac\u6b8a\u65f6\u624d\u4e3b\u52a8\u653e\u5f03\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u51fa\u73b0\u8865\u7ed9\u77ed\u7f3a\u7684\u8ff9\u8c61\u3002<sup>[43]<\/sup>\u4e0a\u8ff0\u53f2\u5b9e\u90fd\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u8be5\u5730\u533a\u519c\u4e1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u7e41\u8363\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u6bd4\u8d77\u505c\u6ede\u4e0d\u524d\u751a\u81f3\u9010\u6e10\u8d70\u5411\u8870\u843d\u7684\u655e\u7530\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8868\u8c61\u66f4\u8d34\u8fd1\u751f\u4ea7\u6548\u80fd\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u5708\u5360\u5730\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p 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style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">1620\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\uff0c\u5e03\u83b1\u514b\u6469\u5c14\u5c71\u8c37\u5730\u533a\u7684\u65af\u6258\u5c14\u5e03\u91cc\u5947\uff08Stalbridge\uff09\u9547\u4e2d\u7206\u53d1\u4e86\u4e00\u573a\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u8bc9\u8bbc\uff0c\u5b83\u6d89\u53ca\u963f\u5170\u00b7\u6bd5\u8096\u666e\uff08Alan Bishop\uff09\u548c\u51ef\u83b1\u5e03\u00b7\u83ab\u96f7\uff08Caleb Moray)\u5bf9\u6559\u533a\u7267\u5e08\u8fd9\u4e00\u6709\u4ff8\u5723\u804c\u7684\u4e89\u593a\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u7b14\u957f\u8fbe61\u5e74\u7684\u6559\u4ea7\u79df\u8d41\u5408\u540c\u4e4b\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u4e89\u8bae\uff0c\u4e00\u8def\u8bf7\u613f\u5230\u4e86\u56fd\u738b\u548c\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e0b\u9662\u90a3\u91cc\u624d\u6700\u7ec8\u5f97\u5230\u88c1\u51b3\u3002\u4ece\u6cd5\u5ead\u5411\u8bae\u4f1a\u9012\u4ea4\u7684\u5224\u51b3\u4e66\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u77e5\uff0c\u963f\u5170\u66fe\u82b1\u8d391,500\u82f1\u9551\u7684\u5de8\u6b3e\u8d3f\u8d42\u5305\u62ec\u521d\u4ee3\u5361\u65af\u5c14\u6d77\u6587\u4f2f\u7235\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7\u5854\u5207\u7279\uff081st Earl of Castlehaven, 11th Baron Audley\uff09\u5728\u5185\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u9ad8\u5b98\u663e\u8d35\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u62c5\u4efb\u6559\u533a\u7267\u5e08\u4e00\u804c\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u5e76\u4eb2\u81ea\u4f2a\u9020\u7be1\u6539\u4e86\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u6587\u4e66\uff1b\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u963f\u5170\u540c\u6837\u6ca1\u6709\u5c65\u884c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7267\u5e08\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u6559\u5802\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c<sup>[45]<\/sup>\u8fd8\u5229\u7528\u804c\u4f4d\u5927\u8086\u655b\u8d22\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u4ece\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u6536\u76ca\u81f3\u5c11\u6709300\u9551\u3002\u51fa\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u56fd\u738b\u548c\u8bae\u4f1a\u6700\u7ec8\u5265\u593a\u4e86\u963f\u5170\u5bf9\u8be5\u5730\u533a\u4e00\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u6559\u804c\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\u8d44\u8d28\uff0c\u8f6c\u800c\u4efb\u547d\u83ab\u96f7\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6559\u533a\u7267\u5e08\uff0c\u5e76\u5e9f\u9664\u4e86\u79df\u8d41\u5408\u540c\u3002<sup>[46]<\/sup>\u8fd9\u4e00\u5224\u51b3\u80cc\u540e\u6240\u8574\u542b\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\u6765\u89e3\u8bfb\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u963f\u5170\u80fd\u591f\u62ff\u51fa1,500\u9551\u6765\u884c\u8d3f\u4ed6\u4eba\uff0c\u8db3\u89c1\u5176\u8d22\u529b\u96c4\u539a\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u83b7\u5f97\u804c\u4f4d\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u4e5f\u662f\u76c8\u5229\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u548c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u663e\u7136\u65e0\u52a9\u4e8e\u8c03\u89e3\u4e61\u7ec5\u7ea6\u66fc\u7b49\u5bcc\u88d5\u519c\u7267\u4e1a\u4ece\u4e1a\u8005\u4e0e\u666e\u901a\u519c\u6c11\u4e4b\u95f4\u6108\u53d1\u5c16\u9510\u7684\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u4f1a\u52a0\u901f\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5206\u5316\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u65af\u6258\u5c14\u5e03\u91cc\u5947\u9547\u4ece\u4efb\u4f55\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5e02\u9547\uff0c\u6559\u533a\u7267\u5e08\u4ea6\u975e\u9ad8\u9636\u6559\u804c\uff0c\u4e0e\u963f\u5170\u6709\u5173\u7684\u5927\u8d35\u65cf\u5f53\u65f6\u4e5f\u672a\u66fe\u5931\u52bf\u6216\u6811\u7acb\u653f\u654c\uff0c<sup>[47]<\/sup>\u90a3\u4e48\u4ece\u56fd\u738b\u3001\u5185\u9601\u5230\u8bae\u4f1a\u7b49\u8bf8\u591a\u9ad8\u5c42\u5982\u6b64\u91cd\u89c6\u6b64\u4e8b\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4f55\u5728\uff1f\u539f\u6587\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u8868\u8ff0\u4e5f\u8bb8\u80fd\u63ed\u793a\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u5965\u79d8\uff1a\u201c\u5982\u679c\u5224\u51b3\u963f\u5170\u00b7\u6bd5\u8096\u666e\u80dc\u8bc9\uff0c\u56fd\u738b\u965b\u4e0b\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\u8005\u4f1a\u4e27\u5931\u5728\u6b64\u7c7b\u6848\u4ef6\u4e0a\u7684\u6743\u5229\u548c\u7279\u6743\u2026\u2026\u5982\u679c\u963f\u5170\u00b7\u6bd5\u8096\u666e\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u7684\u6b3a\u9a97\u884c\u4e3a\u800c\u83b7\u76ca\uff0c\u4f1a\u52a9\u957f\u7c7b\u4f3c\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u8513\u5ef6\u3002\u201d\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u73b0\u8c61\u53ef\u80fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u666e\u904d\u5230\u4e86\u53ef\u80fd\u52a8\u6447\u4f26\u6566\u5bf9\u5b89\u7acb\u7518\u5b97\u57fa\u5c42\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u529b\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u89c9\u5f97\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u4ecb\u5165\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u5730\u6b65\u3002<sup>[48]<\/sup>\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u8d22\u5bcc\u4e0a\u65e5\u6e10\u6269\u5927\u7684\u843d\u5dee\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5206\u5316\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u59cb\u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u5821\u5792\u4e0a\u6700\u575a\u56fa\u7684\u77f3\u5757\u95f4\u64ac\u5f00\u7f1d\u9699\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p 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class=\"has-text-color has-medium-font-size\" style=\"color:#0071a1\"><strong>\u7ed3 \u8bed<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 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class=\"has-text-color\" style=\"color:#0071a1;font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color\" style=\"color:#0071a1;font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\"><strong>Constructing the \u201cDigital\u201dBridge between Little and Grand Narratives: A Case Study of the Marching and Camping of Armies during the English Civil War<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-palette-color-3-color has-text-color\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">zhang Yuhao<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-palette-color-3-color has-text-color\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\"><strong>Abstract:<\/strong>\u00a0It has always been the pursuit of historians to find the link between grand narrative and case study, so as to organically combine these two historical narrative traditions. Based on David Underdown&#8217;s study of the local cultural world, this paper focuses on the Southwest part of England during the English Civil War, trying to abstract the neglected \u201cspace\u201d and \u201ctime\u201d patterns hidden in the macro history using GIS tools, and then to look for the said link through these patterns. Meanwhile, we also try to use these patterns to supplement and amend the existing local history research, and further deepen our understanding of the English society in the middle of the 17th century.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-palette-color-3-color has-text-color\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\"><strong>Keywords:<\/strong>\u00a0GIS; Grand\/Little Narrative; Map of Marching and Camping; Champion; Enclosure<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color\" style=\"color:#0071a1;font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\">\u7f16\u00a0\u8f91\u00a0 |\u00a0 \u8bb8\u53ef<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color\" style=\"color:#0071a1\"><strong>\u6ce8\u91ca\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[1]Thomas Barnes,&nbsp;Somerset, 1625-1640: A County\u2019s Government During the \u2018Personal Rule\u2019, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1961; Alan Everitt,&nbsp;The Community of Kent and the Great Rebellion, 1640-1660, Leicester: Leicester University Press, 1966.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[2]David Underdown,&nbsp;Revel, Riot, and Rebellion: Popular Politics and Culture in England 1603-1660, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1985, pp. 2-8.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[3]Ann Hughes,&nbsp;Politics, Society and Civil War in Warwickshire, 1620-1660, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[4]Phil Withington,&nbsp;\u201cViews from the Bridge: Revolution and Restoration in Seventeenth-Century York,\u201dPast &amp; Present, no. 70, February 2001, pp. 121-151.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[5]John Walter,&nbsp;Understanding Popular Violence in the English Revolution: The Colchester Plunderers, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[6]\u4e3b\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u53f2\u6599\u6709\uff1aRichard Symonds, Diary of the Marches of the Royal Army During the Great Civil War, Westminster: J. B. Nichols and Sons Printers, 1859\uff08\u56fe\u4e2d\u7ea2\u8272\u5706\u70b9\uff09\uff1bSir Thomas Fairfax, Original Memoirs of Sir Thomas Fairfax, Knaresbrough: Printed by Hargrove and Sons, 1810\uff08\u56fe\u4e2d\u7d2b\u8272\u5706\u70b9\uff09\uff1bJosha Sprigg M. A., Anglia Rediviva, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1854\uff08\u56fe\u4e2d\u9ec4\u8272\u5706\u70b9\uff09\uff1bSamuel R. Gardiner, History of the Great Civil War 1642-1649, vol. 1, London: Longmans, Green and Co., 1901\uff08\u56fe\u4e2d\u84dd\u8272\u5706\u70b9\uff09\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6587\u732e\u9009\u53d6\u6709\u6240\u4fa7\u91cd\uff0c\u4e14\u5bf9\u5176\u4f59\u6750\u6599\u4e2d\u76f8\u5173\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u63d0\u53d6\u3001\u6574\u7406\u548c\u7504\u522b\u8fd8\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u56fe1\u867d\u8fdc\u4e0d\u80fd\u53cd\u6620\u82f1\u56fd\u5185\u6218\u4e2d\u5404\u4e3b\u8981\u519b\u961f\u884c\u519b\u4e0e\u9a7b\u624e\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u5168\u8c8c\uff0c\u4f46\u80fd\u591f\u8f83\u597d\u5730\u8fd8\u539f1644\u20141645\u5e74\u53cc\u65b9\u4e3b\u529b\u5728\u897f\u5357\u5730\u533a\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u8f68\u8ff9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[7]\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u6218\u4e89\u65f6\u4ee3\u897f\u6b27\u5f88\u591a\u519b\u961f\u90fd\u6709\u907f\u514d\u51b3\u6218\u7684\u503e\u5411\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u503e\u5411\u4ea6\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u5f88\u591a\u82f1\u519b\u5c06\u9886\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c1644\u5e7410\u6708\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u7ebd\u4f2f\u91cc\u6218\u5f79\u5c31\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u4ee3\u8868\u3002\u89c1Malcolm Wandklyn, \u201cOliver Cromwell and the Performance of Parliament&#8217;s Armies in the Newbury Campaign, 20 October-21 November 1644,\u201dHistory, vol. 96, no. 321, January 2011, pp. 3-25\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[8]\u9020\u6210\u8fd9\u4e00\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4f17\u591a\uff0c\u6b64\u5904\u9650\u4e8e\u7bc7\u5e45\u4e0d\u5177\u4f53\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u53ef\u53c2\u8003\uff1aGeoffrey Parker, \u201cThe &#8216;Military Revolution&#8217; 1560-1660\u2014a Myth?,\u201dThe Journal of Modern History\uff1bMartin Van Creveld, Supplying War: Logistics from Wallenstein to Patton\uff1bDavid Parrott, \u201cStrategy and Tactics in the Thirty Years War: &#8216;The Military Revolution&#8217;,\u201dMilitaergeschichtliche Zeirschrift\uff1bMark Charles Fissel, War and Government in Britain, 1598-1650\uff1bNeil Younger, \u201cSecuring the Monarchical Republic: the Remaking of the Lord Lieutenancies in 1585,\u201dHistorical Research\uff1bLindsay Boynton, The Elizabethan Militia 1558-1638\uff1bJohn S. Nolan, &#8220;The Militarization of the Elizabethan State,&#8221; The Journal of Military History\uff1b\u8bb8\u4e8c\u658c\uff1a\u300a14\u201417\u4e16\u7eaa\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u9769\u547d\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u8f6c\u578b\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u5386\u53f2\u300b2003\u5e74\u7b2c1\u671f\u7b49\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u732e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[9]Edward Hyde Earl of Clarendon,&nbsp;The History of the Rebellion and Civil Wars in England, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1843, p. 308; Lat. Sampson,&nbsp;A Diurnall of True Proceedings of Our Armies at Sherbourne, London: Printed by Luke Norton for Beniamin Allen, 1642, p. 3; Anonymous Gentlemen,&nbsp;The Copy of A Letter Sent from Shirbourne Relating the Skirmish betweene the Earle of Bedford and the Cavalliers There, London: Printed for Thomas Warren, 1642.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[10]\u738b\u519b\u7684\u725b\u6d25\u548c\u8bae\u4f1a\u519b\u7684\u4f26\u6566\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[11]Oliver Cromwell,&nbsp;Severall Letters from Col. Gen. Poyntz. Lieu. Gen. Cromwell. and Col. Hutchison Col. Whitt,&nbsp;London: Printed for John Wright, 1645, p. 5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[12]J. A. Yelling,&nbsp;Common Field and Enclosure in England 1450-1850, London: The MacMillan Press Ltd, 1977, p. 172.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[13]Yelling,&nbsp;Common Field, pp. 147-148.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[14]\u6b64\u5904\u7684\u201c\u79c1\u6709\u201d\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5305\u62ec\u8fb9\u89d2\u7684\u8352\u5730\u3001\u957f\u671f\u79df\u8d41\u5408\u540c\u5730\u3001\u5c0f\u5757\u5c4b\u8fb9\u5730\u7b49\u5728\u5185\u7684\uff0c\u53d7\u516c\u6743\u529b\u5f71\u54cd\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u79c1\u6709\u3002\u5f53\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u79c1\u6709\u201d\u7684\u8303\u7574\u6269\u5927\u5230\u519c\u6c11\u81ea\u5df1\u8015\u79cd\u7684\u6761\u7530\u4e0a\u65f6\uff0c\u655e\u7530\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u5708\u5360\u5730\u8f6c\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[15]Henry Sacheverell Homer,&nbsp;An Essay on the Nature and Method of Ascertaining the Specific Shares of Proprietors, Upon the Inclosure of Common Fields, London: Printed for S. Parker, 1766, pp. 4-7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[16]Homer,&nbsp;An Essay on the Nature, p. 10.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[17]D. N. McClosky,&nbsp;\u201cThe Economics of Enclosure: A Market Analysis,\u201d&nbsp;eds. William N. Parker, Eric L. Jones,&nbsp;European Peasants and Their Markets: Essays in Agrarian Economic History, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1975, p. 160; J. R. Wordie,&nbsp;\u201cThe Chronology of English Enclosure, 1500-1914,\u201dThe Economic History Review, vol. 36, no. 4, November 1983, pp. 483-505.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[18]\u82f1\u6587\u539f\u8bcd\u4e3afloating of watermeadow\uff0c\u6216\u7b80\u79f0\u4e3afloating\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8be5\u8bcd\u6c47\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff0c\u56fd\u5185\u5b66\u754c\u5c1a\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u5206\u6b67\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u53d6\u738b\u4e43\u8000\u8bd1\u6cd5\uff0c\u51fa\u81ea\u300a\u53f2\u5b66\u6708\u520a\u300b1990\u5e74\u7b2c2\u671f\u300a16\u4e16\u7eaa\u82f1\u56fd\u519c\u4e1a\u9769\u547d\u300b\u4e00\u6587\u3002\u91c7\u7528\u6b64\u6cd5\u7684\u8349\u573a\u8981\u5728\u6bcf\u5e74\u51ac\u5b63\u5f15\u6c34\uff0c\u6df1\u5ea6\u81f3\u5c11\u8981\u5b8c\u5168\u6d78\u6ca1\u8349\u6839\uff0c\u8ba9\u7267\u8349\u5728\u51ac\u5929\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e38\u7eff\u4e14\u4fdd\u6301\u751f\u957f\uff0c\u5230\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5e74\u4e09\u6708\u6392\u5e72\u79ef\u6c34\u653e\u7267\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u7272\u755c\u5728\u9752\u9ec4\u4e0d\u63a5\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4e5f\u80fd\u6b63\u5e38\u589e\u80a5\u3001\u4ea7\u5976\u6216\u957f\u6bdb\uff1b\u755c\u7fa4\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u590f\u5b63\u7267\u573a\u540e\u518d\u6b21\u5f15\u6c34\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u516d\u6708\u5e95\u4e03\u6708\u521d\u6536\u83b7\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6279\u7267\u8349\uff0c\u6652\u5e72\u540e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8fc7\u51ac\u7684\u8349\u6599\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[19]\u6b64\u65f6\u591a\u585e\u7279\u5883\u5185\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u704c\u8349\u6cd5\u7684\u571f\u5730\u7ea6\u67096,000\u82f1\u4ea9\uff0c\u800c\u5168\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u91c7\u7528\u6b64\u6cd5\u7684\u571f\u5730\u5927\u7ea6\u670910,000\u82f1\u4ea9\u3002\u591a\u585e\u7279\u90e1\u7684\u603b\u9762\u79ef\u4e3a982\u5e73\u65b9\u82f1\u91cc\u3002\u89c1\uff1aMark Overton, Agricultural Revolution in England: The Transformation of the Agrarian Economy 1500-1800, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006, pp. 112-113\uff1bJ. R. Wordle,\u201cThe Chronology of English Enclosure, 1500-1914,\u201dThe Economic History Review, vol. 36, no. 4, November 1983, pp. 483-505\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[20]Joan Thirsk,&nbsp;The Agrarian History of England and Wales. Volume IV: 1500-1640, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1967, pp. 181-182.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[21]Leonard Meager,&nbsp;The Mystery of Husbandry: Or, Arable, Pasture, and Wood-land lmproved, London: Printed by W. Onley, 1697, pp. 37-41.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[22]\u53d7\u5230\u9ed1\u6b7b\u75c5\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u57281541\u5e74\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u4eba\u53e3\u4ec5\u6709275\u4e07\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u8865\u507f\u5f0f\u7684\u731b\u589e\uff0c\u57281601\u5e74\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86410\u4e07\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\u589e\u901f\u660e\u663e\u653e\u7f13\uff0c\u5230\u5185\u6218\u524d\u591c\u76841641\u5e74\u4eba\u53e3\u521a\u521a\u7a81\u7834500\u4e07\u3002Joan Thirsk, England\u2019s Agricultural Regions and Agrarian History, 1500-1700, London: The MacMillan Press Ltd, 1993, p.18.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[23]Joan Thirsk,&nbsp;The Rural Economy of England, London: Hambledon Press, 1984, pp. 184-187.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[24]\u6b64\u5904\u9700\u8981\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u7cae\u4ef7\u4f4e\u8ff7\u662f\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u4f46\u67d0\u4e9b\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u5bf9\u7cae\u519c\u60b2\u60e8\u751f\u6d3b\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u5b58\u5728\u5938\u5927\u7684\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u6709\u7740\u8f83\u4e3a\u660e\u663e\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u610f\u56fe\uff0c\u4e0d\u5b9c\u5168\u90e8\u91c7\u4fe1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[25]Samuel Hartlib,&nbsp;Samuel Hartlib His Legacie: Or An Enlargement of the Discourse of Husbandry Used in Brabant and Flaunders, London: Printed by H. Hills, 1651, p. 49.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[26]\u867d\u7136\u201c\u7f8a\u2014\u8c37\u533a\u201d\u7684\u5f88\u591a\u6838\u5fc3\u6751\u5e84\u6709\u517b\u6b96\u7f8a\u7fa4\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u51e0\u4e4e\u90fd\u662f\u4ea7\u6bdb\u800c\u975e\u4ea7\u8089\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6ca1\u6709\u4ece\u8089\u7c7b\u4ef7\u683c\u4e2d\u83b7\u76ca\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u6218\u4e89\u7206\u53d1\u540e\u82f1\u56fd\u7f8a\u6bdb\u4ef7\u683c\u4e0b\u632b\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[27]\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c17\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u53f6\u6574\u4e2a\u82f1\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u8089\u7c7b\u6444\u5165\u662f\u5448\u4e0b\u964d\u8d8b\u52bf\u7684\uff0c\u6c11\u4f17\u2014\u2014\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5927\u57ce\u5e02\u5c45\u6c11\u2014\u2014\u5f00\u59cb\u66f4\u591a\u6d88\u8d39\u6c34\u679c\u548c\u852c\u83dc\uff0c\u4f26\u6566\u5e02\u6c11\u4e0d\u8bba\u8d2b\u5bcc\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u4ece\u8857\u8fb9\u5df7\u5c3e\u4e70\u4e0a\u5f88\u591a\u6c34\u679c\uff0c\u5e76\u6beb\u4e0d\u987e\u5fcc\u5f62\u8c61\u5730\u5f53\u4f17\u5927\u56bc\u5927\u54bd\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u6709\u4eba\u538c\u6076\u5730\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f62\u5bb9\u4e3a\u201c\u7f8a\u7fa4\u201d\uff08Joan Thirsk, The Rural Economy of England, pp. 195- 196\uff09\u3002\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u98df\u7528\u5927\u91cf\u8089\u98df\u7684\u4e60\u60ef\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u666e\u904d\u98ce\u6c14\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u519b\u961f\u4e2d\u7279\u6709\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[28]Josha Sprigg M. A.,&nbsp;Anglia Rediviva, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1854, p. 143.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[29]Commander in the army,&nbsp;A Narration of the Expedition to Taunton; the Raising the Siege before It, and the Condition of Our Forces, and the Enemies, at this Present in the West, London: Printed for Samue Gellibrand, 1645, p. 7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[30]Josha Sprigg M. A.,&nbsp;Anglia Rediviva, pp. 33, 192.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[31]A Lover of Truth,&nbsp;A Most Exact and True Relation of the Proceedings of His Majesties Armie at Shelborne, London: Printed for R. M. and G. F. ,1642, pp. A3-A4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[32]R. Parkinson,&nbsp;General View of the Agriculture of the County of Huntingdon, London: Printed for Sherwood, Neely, and Jones, 1813, p. 256.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[33]David Underdown,&nbsp;Revel, Riot, and Rebellion, p. 296.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[34]\u9700\u8981\u660e\u786e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8be5\u56fe\u6570\u5b57\u91c7\u81ea1988\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5448\u73b0\u7684\u56fe\u666f\u4e0e1640\u5e74\u4ee3\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7ea2\u5708\u4e2d\u4e0a\u90e8\u548c\u897f\u65b9\u7684Grade 1\u548cGrade 2\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u5728\u5185\u6218\u671f\u95f4\u8fd8\u662f\u51e0\u4e4e\u65e0\u4eba\u5c45\u4f4f\u7684\u6cbc\u6cfd\u5730\uff0c\u7b49\u5230\u665a\u81f3\u590d\u8f9f\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u62bd\u6c34\u6392\u5e72\u540e\u624d\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u4f18\u8d28\u519c\u4e1a\u571f\u5730\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u603b\u4f53\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3aALC\u8bc4\u7ea7\u8003\u8651\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u5730\u4e4b\u6c14\u5019\u3001\u571f\u58e4\u3001\u6c34\u6587\u3001\u5730\u5f62\u7b49\u957f\u65f6\u6bb5\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u6392\u9664\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u4eba\u5de5\u6539\u9020\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u540e\uff0c\u4f9d\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u4e3a\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u53c2\u8003\u3002ALC\u8bc4\u7ea7\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u53ef\u89c11988\u5e7410\u6708MAFF\uff08Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food\uff09\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6307\u5357\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[35]\u6765 \u6e90\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/data.gov.uk\/dataset\/952421ec-da63-4569-817d-4d6399df40a1\/provisional-agricultural-land-classification-alc\u3002\">https:\/\/data.gov.uk\/dataset\/952421ec-da63-4569-817d-4d6399df40a1\/provisional-agricultural-land-classification-alc\u3002<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[36]\u6b64\u6bb5\u884c\u7a0b\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6765\u81ea\u4f5a\u540d\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u96f6\u6563\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u7ec6\u8282\u5c1a\u5f85\u8003\u8bc1\uff0c\u5b83\u548c\u8bb8\u591a\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u6570\u636e\u6682\u65f6\u90fd\u88ab\u672a\u6536\u5f55\u8fdb\u524d\u8ff0\u884c\u519b\u4e0e\u9a7b\u624e\u56fe\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[37]A Commander in the Army,&nbsp;A Narration of the Expedition to Taunton, the Raising the Siege before It, and the Condition of Our Forces, and the Enemies, at This Present in the West, London: Printed for Samuel Gellibrand, 1645, pp. 3-7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[38]\u6b64\u6587\u732e\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u8fea\u683c\u6bd4\u52cb\u7235\u201d\u5e76\u975e\u4f17\u591a\u82f1\u56fd\u5185\u6218\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u201cLord Digby\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u6240\u901a\u5e38\u6307\u4ee3\u7684\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7\u8fea\u683c\u6bd4\uff08George Digby, 2nd Earl of Britol\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5176\u7236\u521d\u4ee3\u5e03\u91cc\u65af\u6258\u5c14\u4f2f\u7235\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u8fea\u683c\u6bd4\uff08John Digby, 1st Earl of Bristol\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[39]Anonymous,&nbsp;A True Description of A Treacherous Plot Intended Against This Kingdome, London: Printed for John Hammond, 1642, p. A3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[40]\u5185\u6218\u65f6\u671f\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u519b\u961f\u5236\u5f0f\u6b65\u5175\u957f\u67aa\u67c4\u957f16\u82f1\u5c3a\uff08\u7ea6\u54084.88\u7c73\uff09\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u51fa\u81eaHenry Hexham, The First Part of the Principles of the Art Military, Delf, 1642, p. 5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[41]Anonymous,&nbsp;Propositions Propounded by the Marquesse of Hartford, to the Earl of Bedford, Concerning the Delivering up of Sherbourne-Castle, London: Printed for Henry Fowler, 1642, p1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[42]Anonymous Gentlemen,&nbsp;The Copy of A Letter Sent from Shirbourne Relating the Skirmish Betweene the Earle of Bedford and the Cavalliers There, London: Printed for Thomas Warren, 1642.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[43]L. L,&nbsp;A True Relation of the Taking of Sherburne Castle, and the Treachery of the Town Malignants, London: Printed for Samuel Gellibrand, 1643, pp. 2-3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[44]Anonymous,&nbsp;A True Description, p. A4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[45]\u524d\u6587\u6240\u8ff0\u768461\u5e74\u79df\u8d41\u5408\u540c\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4e3a\u963f\u5170\u5c06\u6559\u533a\u7ed9\u7267\u5e08\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4f4f\u5b85\u79df\u7ed9\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u4ea8\u5229\u00b7\u5965\u5fb7\u5229\uff08Henry Audly\uff09\u7684\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[46]C. Morley,&nbsp;To the Most Honorable Assembly of the Commons House of Parliament, London, 1621.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[47]\u76f4\u63a5\u6536\u53d7\u597d\u5904\u7684\u8001\u4f2f\u7235\u5df2\u4e8e1617\u5e74\u53bb\u4e16\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u5854\u5207\u7279\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u65cf\u957f\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u513f\u5b50\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4ee3\u5361\u65af\u5c14\u6d77\u6587\u4f2f\u7235\u9ed8\u6587\u00b7\u5854\u5207\u7279\uff08Mervyn Tuchet, 2nd Earl of Castlehaven\uff09\u3002\u9ed8\u6587\u867d\u7136\u57281631\u5e74\u56e0\u6d89\u5acc\u6559\u5506\u4ed6\u4eba\u5f3a\u66b4\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4efb\u59bb\u5b50\uff08\u5fb7\u6bd4\u4f2f\u7235\u7684\u5973\u513f\uff09\u5e76\u9e21\u5978\u4e24\u540d\u4ec6\u4eba\u800c\u88ab\u5904\u6b7b\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8bc9\u8bbc\u53d1\u751f\u76841621\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f9d\u7136\u4e0e\u5c1a\u672a\u8fc7\u4e16\u7684\u7ed3\u53d1\u59bb\u5b50\u5e73\u9759\u6069\u7231\u5730\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5e76\u62c5\u4efb\u8bae\u4f1a\u8bae\u5458\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[48]\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8be5\u8bc9\u8bbc\u6700\u7ec8\u88c1\u51b3\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u70b9\uff081621\uff09\u6b63\u503c\u519c\u4e1a\u5371\u673a\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0a\u7684\u5de7\u5408\u4e5f\u4ee4\u4eba\u6d6e\u60f3\u8054\u7fe9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">\u539f\u520a\u300a\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u300b2021\u5e74\u7b2c3\u671f\uff0c\u8f6c\u8f7d\u8bf7\u8054\u7cfb\u6388\u6743\u3002<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5bfb\u627e\u5b8f\u5927\u53d9\u4e8b\u4e0e\u4e2a\u6848\u7814\u7a76\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7ebd\u5e26\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6709\u673a\u5730\u7ed3\u5408\u4e24\u79cd\u5386\u53f2\u53d9\u4e8b\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\u2026\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":16559,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[3270],"tags":[3305,151,3916,3913,3915,347,3914],"class_list":["post-16554","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-3270","tag-3305","tag-gis","tag-3916","tag-3913","tag-3915","tag-347","tag-3914"],"blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":6}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16554","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16554"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16554\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16561,"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16554\/revisions\/16561"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16559"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16554"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16554"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16554"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}