{"id":16671,"date":"2022-06-06T18:53:10","date_gmt":"2022-06-06T10:53:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/?p=16671"},"modified":"2024-04-04T01:27:00","modified_gmt":"2024-04-03T17:27:00","slug":"%e4%bd%9c%e4%b8%ba%e6%a0%b7%e6%9c%ac%e7%9a%84%e6%97%a5%e6%9c%ac%e9%9d%92%e7%a9%ba%e6%96%87%e5%ba%93-%e4%b8%80%e4%b8%aa%e6%95%b0%e5%ad%97%e4%ba%ba%e6%96%87%e4%b8%96%e7%95%8c%e6%96%87","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/site\/works\/dhjournal\/202104\/16671.html","title":{"rendered":"\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6837\u672c\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u9752\u7a7a\u6587\u5e93 \u2014\u2014\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u4e16\u754c\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6848\u4f8b"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u970d\u4f0a\u7279\u00b7\u6717  \u5218\u51ef\uff08\u8bd1\uff09\uff1b\u8f6c\u81ea\uff1aDH \u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Wu_Biao_Ti_1-1024x323.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16672\" width=\"620\" height=\"196\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Wu_Biao_Ti_1-1024x323.png 1024w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Wu_Biao_Ti_1-300x94.png 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Wu_Biao_Ti_1-768x242.png 768w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Wu_Biao_Ti_1-1536x484.png 1536w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Wu_Biao_Ti_1.png 1562w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.156), 16px);\">\u970d\u4f0a\u7279\u00b7\u6717\/\u7f8e\u56fd\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5927\u5b66\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7cfb<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.156), 16px);\">\u5218 \u51ef\uff08\u8bd1\uff09\/\u56db\u5ddd\u5927\u5b66\u5916\u56fd\u8bed\u5b66\u9662<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.313), 18px);\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-palette-color-2-color\"><strong>\u7f16\u8005\u6309\uff1a<\/strong><\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7f8e\u56fd\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5927\u5b66\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7cfb\u970d\u4f0a\u7279\u00b7\u6717\u6559\u6388\u4e3a\u672c\u520a\u7f16\u59d4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e8e2021\u5e74\u516d\u6708\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u51fa\u7248\u4e86<em>The Values in Numbers: Reading Japanese Literature in a Global Information Age<\/em>\uff08\u300a\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\uff1a\u5728\u5168\u7403\u4fe1\u606f\u5316\u65f6\u4ee3\u89e3\u8bfb\u65e5\u672c\u6587\u5b66\u300b\uff09\u4e00\u4e66\uff0c\u4ee5\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6df1\u5165\u8ba8\u8bba\u65e5\u672c\u8fd1\u73b0\u4ee3\u6587\u5b66\u6587\u5316\u3002\u672c\u520a\u9080\u8bf7\u5230\u56db\u5ddd\u5927\u5b66\u5916\u56fd\u8bed\u5b66\u9662\u4ece\u4e8b\u65e5\u672c\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5218\u51ef\u8001\u5e08\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8bd1\u8005\uff0c\u9646\u7eed\u8bd1\u51fa\u6b64\u4e66\u90e8\u5206\u7ae0\u8282\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u672c\u520a\u520a\u51fa\uff0c\u4ee5\u98e8\u8bfb\u8005\u8bf8\u541b\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u4ee5\u6b64\u6765\u63a8\u52a8\u56fd\u5185\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-palette-color-2-color has-text-color\">&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8981\u5c06\u9752\u7a7a\u6587\u5e93\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u8fc7\u5f80\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6837\u672c\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u6563\u6587\u4f53\u865a\u6784\u4f5c\u54c1\u8fdb\u884c\u7ec6\u5206\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u6700\u521d\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u5f88\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u6587\u672c\u6570\u91cf\uff08\u5220\u9664\u91cd\u590d\u9879\u540e\u7ea614,300\u4e2a\uff09\u906e\u853d\u4e86\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u591a\u6837\u4e14\u666e\u904d\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3002[1]\u6839\u636e\u65e5\u672c\u5341\u8fdb\u5206\u7c7b\u6cd5\uff08Nihon Decimal Classification\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0NDC\uff09\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u4ee3\u7801\u53ef\u77e5\uff0c\u8be5\u6587\u5e93\u7684\u8fd140%\uff085,575\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\uff09\u4e3a\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7c7b\u76ee\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u8fd120%\uff081,134\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\uff09\u88ab\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5f52\u7c7b\u4e3a\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u5c0f\u8bf4\u3002\u5176\u6b21\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u7c7b\u76ee\u6709\u968f\u7b14\u548c\u8bc4\u8bba\uff08\u536026%\uff0c3,695\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\uff09\u3001\u8bd7\u6b4c\uff08\u536010%\uff0c1,425\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\uff09\u3001\u620f\u5267\u4f5c\u54c1\uff08\u53604%\uff0c612\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u6587\u732e\uff08\u4e5f\u53604%\uff0c611\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\uff09\u3002\u6700\u540e\u5360\u6bd4\u6700\u4f4e\u7684\u7c7b\u76ee\u6709\u5386\u53f2\u3001\u4e66\u4fe1\u3001\u65e5\u8bb0\u3001\u7f8e\u5b66\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u548c\u54f2\u5b66\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5360\u6587\u5e93\u603b\u91cf\u76843%\u6216\u66f4\u5c11\u3002\u603b\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8be5\u6587\u5e93\u5448\u73b0\u4e86856\u4f4d\u72ec\u7279\u4f5c\u5bb6\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u65e9\u81f3\u4e0e\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u8428\u798f\uff08\u516c\u5143\u524d630\u2014580\u5e74\uff09\u540c\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u8bd7\u4eba\u548c\u665a\u81f31930\u5e74\u4ee3\u51fa\u751f\u7684\u4f5c\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\uff0860%\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff09\u51fa\u751f\u4e8e19\u4e16\u7eaa\u540e\u534a\u53f6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6587\u672c\u957f\u5ea6\uff08text length\uff09\u662f\u63ed\u793a\u8be5\u6587\u5e93\u591a\u6837\u6027\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u5c31\u90a3\u4e9b\u5bf9\u6563\u6587\u4f53\u865a\u6784\u4f5c\u54c1\uff08\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u957f\u7bc7\u5c0f\u8bf4\u8fd8\u662f\u77ed\u7bc7\u6545\u4e8b\uff09\u5206\u6790\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u9752\u7a7a\u6587\u5e93\u8fd9\u9762\u955c\u5b50\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fc5\u901f\u5730\u5c06\u4f17\u591a\u4f5c\u54c1\u7f29\u5c0f\u5230\u4ec5\u6709\u51e0\u9875\u5370\u5237\u6587\u672c\u3002\u5904\u5728\u5206\u5e03\u56fe\u6700\u672b\u7aef\u7684\u662f\u5bab\u672c\u767e\u5408\u5b50\u7684\u53f2\u8bd7\u6027\u5c0f\u8bf4\u300a\u8def\u6807\u300b\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u90e8\u521b\u4f5c\u4e8e\u6218\u540e\u4e0d\u4e45\u7684\u534a\u81ea\u4f20\u4f53\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5904\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u7aef\u7684\u8429\u539f\u6714\u592a\u90ce\u7684\u4e00\u9996\u4ff3\u53e5\u201c\u4ece\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u5f52\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u72ec\u81ea\u7ad9\u5728\u96ea\u5730\u4e0a\u201d\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6309\u7167\u5b57\u7b26\u957f\u5ea6\u5bf9\u4f5c\u54c1\u8fdb\u884c\u6574\u7406\u5f52\u7c7b\uff0c\u5e76\u636e\u6b64\u7ed8\u5236\u603b\u4f53\u5206\u5e03\u56fe\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u4ff3\u53e5\u8fdc\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u7c7b\u66f4\u80fd\u4f53\u73b0\u8be5\u6587\u5e93\u7684\u6587\u672c\u957f\u5ea6\u7279\u5f81\uff08\u56fe1\uff09\u3002\u4e3a\u66f4\u52a0\u7cbe\u786e\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8ba1\u7b97\u5e73\u5747\u6570\uff08average\uff09[2]\u3001\u5e73\u5747\u503c\uff08mean\uff09\u6216\u6587\u672c\u957f\u5ea6\u6765\u89c2\u5bdf\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u4e2d\u95f4\u503c\uff08middle\uff09\u7684\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e8e\u5e73\u5747\u6570\u7684\u662f\u6797\u8299\u7f8e\u5b50\u7684\u300a\u4e0b\u753a\u300b\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u90e8\u6218\u540e\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u77ed\u7bc7\u5c0f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5176\u6587\u5e93\u672c\u7bc7\u5e45\u957f\u8fbe23\u9875\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u9274\u4e8e\u5e73\u5747\u6570\u5bf9\u300a\u8def\u6807\u300b\u7b49\u5f02\u5e38\u503c\u7684\u654f\u611f\u6027\uff0c\u5b83\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u662f\u201c\u4e2d\u95f4\u503c\u201d\uff08middle\uff09\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bef\u5bfc\u6027\u6807\u8bb0\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u300a\u8def\u6807\u300b\u6bd4\u6b21\u4e00\u7ea7\u6700\u957f\u6587\u672c\u8981\u957f30%\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6765\u6807\u793a\u5206\u5e03\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u503c\uff08middle\uff09\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\uff08median\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u5c06\u89c2\u6d4b\u503c\u7684\u4e0a\u534a\u90e8\u5206\u4e0e\u4e0b\u534a\u90e8\u5206\u505a\u51fa\u533a\u5206\u7684\u70b9\u3002\u6b64\u5904\u6587\u672c\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\u7ea6\u4e3a\u5e73\u5747\u6570\u7684\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5bab\u6cfd\u8d24\u6cbb\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u6545\u4e8b\u300a\u6708\u591c\u7684\u7535\u7ebf\u6746\u300b\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\uff0c\u8be5\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u6587\u5e93\u672c\u7bc7\u5e45\u53ea\u67099\u9875\u3002[3]\u5982\u679c\u4ec5\u9009\u62e9\u5c06\u201c\u865a\u6784\u201d\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u6587\u672c\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u60c5\u51b5\u7ed8\u5236\u6210\u76f4\u65b9\u56fe\uff08\u56fe2\uff09\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u4eec\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4ecd\u7136\u8d8b\u5411\u4e8e\u8f83\u77ed\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6587\u672c\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\u5927\u81f4\u4ecb\u4e8e\u300a\u4e0b\u753a\u300b\uff0820,036\uff09\u548c\u300a\u6708\u591c\u7684\u7535\u7ebf\u6746\u300b\uff086,878\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8d8b\u52bf\u53cd\u6620\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u957f\u7bc7\u865a\u6784\u4f5c\u54c1\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u5e76\u4e0d\u90a3\u4e48\u5360\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u9752\u7a7a\u6587\u5e93\u7684\u5fd7\u613f\u8005\u4eec\u66f4\u504f\u7231\u77ed\u7bc7\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Tu_1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16673\" width=\"674\" height=\"418\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Tu_1.png 674w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Tu_1-300x186.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 674px) 100vw, 674px\" \/><figcaption>\u56fe 1 \u9752\u7a7a\u6587\u5e93\u4e2d14,300\u4e2a\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u6587\u672c\u957f\u5ea6\u5206\u5e03\uff08\u4ee5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\uff09\u3002\u6309\u6587\u672c\u957f\u5ea6\u7531\u957f\uff08\u6700\u957f\u8005\u4e3a\u5bab\u672c\u767e\u5408\u5b50\u300a\u8def\u6807\u300b\uff09\u5230\u77ed\uff08\u6700\u77ed\u8005\u4e3a\u8429\u539f\u6714\u592a\u90ce\u7684\u4ff3\u53e5\uff09\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u7ed8\u5236\u800c\u6210\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"676\" height=\"416\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Tu_2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16674\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Tu_2.png 676w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Tu_2-300x185.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 676px) 100vw, 676px\" \/><figcaption>\u56fe 2 \u9752\u7a7a\u6587\u5e93\u4e2d\u67095,575\u4e2a\u4f5c\u54c1\u88ab\u6309\u7167\u6587\u672c\u957f\u5ea6\u5206\u5e03\u60c5\u51b5\u5f52\u7c7b\u4e3a\u201c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u201d\u3002\u56fe\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e00\u7eb5\u67f1\u8868\u793a\u7279\u5b9a\u6587\u672c\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u5927\u7ea6\u6709350\u4e2a\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\uff08median\uff096,710\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u77ed\u7bc7\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u4eec\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u53d9\u4e8b\u6027\u865a\u6784\u4f5c\u54c1\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u672c\u571f\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5b83\u540c\u65f6\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u6765\u81ea\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u533a\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u7edd\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u6a21\u4eff\u3002\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u7684\u786e\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e9\u5c31\u8ba9\u4eba\u4e60\u4ee5\u4e3a\u5e38\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5373\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5927\u7ea61890\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u73b0\u4ee3\u6587\u5b66\u53f2\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u201c\u7528\u65e5\u8bed\u4e66\u5199\u7684\u897f\u65b9\u6587\u5b66\u201d\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3002[4]\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u9488\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bba\u65ad\u8865\u5145\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6279\u5224\u6027\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8d28\u7591\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bba\u65ad\u72ed\u9698\u5730\u5c06\u201c\u897f\u65b9\u201d\u5f53\u4f5c\u4e3b\u5bfc\u6027\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u5e76\u4e14\u5047\u8bbe\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f71\u54cd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u6587\u5b66\u751f\u4ea7\u9886\u57df\u88ab\u8fc5\u901f\u4e14\u5747\u5300\u5730\u611f\u77e5\u5230\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u4e5f\u90fd\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u66fe\u7ecf\u662f\u65e5\u672c\u73b0\u4ee3\u6587\u5b66\u5728\u5185\u5bb9\u548c\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u521b\u9020\u6027\u529b\u91cf\u3002[5]\u4efb\u4f55\u60f3\u8981\u518d\u73b0\u6b64\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u6587\u5b66\u6210\u679c\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u627f\u8ba4\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u5916\u56fd\u6587\u5b66\u9738\u6743\u201d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5b83\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u6c11\u65cf\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5f3a\u5f31\u4e0e\u5426\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u9738\u6743\u7684\u9057\u8ff9\u4e5f\u53cd\u6620\u5728\u9752\u7a7a\u6587\u5e93\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u65e5\u8bed\u201d\u8bed\u8a00\u6587\u672c\u5408\u96c6\u5e76\u4e14\u5305\u542b\u6570\u91cf\u53ef\u89c2\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6709450\u90e8\u662f\u6587\u5b66\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u5927\u591a\u8bde\u751f\u5728\u6218\u524d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u5f53\u65f6\u6d3b\u8dc3\u5728\u6587\u5b66\u754c\u7684\u4f5c\u5bb6\u548c\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u6210\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u672c\u4e66\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u6848\u4f8b\u7814\u7a76\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u5730\u8ba8\u8bba\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5c0f\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5728\u9752\u7a7a\u6587\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f29\u5f71\uff0c\u5b83\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u6b64\u524d\u63cf\u8ff0\u8fc7\u7684\u62bd\u6837\u7684\u53cc\u91cd\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8be5\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8bc4\u4f30\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u4fbf\u6837\u672c\uff08convenience sample\uff09\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5916\u56fd\u6587\u5b66\u9738\u6743\u4ee3\u8868\u6240\u5177\u6709\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u3002\u8fd9450\u4e2a\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u534a\u4ee3\u8868\u774015\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\uff0c\u4e14\u5168\u90e8\u4e3a\u7537\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u5355\u5305\u62ec\u6258\u9a6c\u65af\u00b7\u66fc\u3001\u4e9a\u745f\u00b7\u67ef\u5357\u00b7\u9053\u5c14\u3001\u5f17\u5170\u8328\u00b7\u5361\u592b\u5361\u3001\u6c49\u65af\u00b7\u514b\u91cc\u65af\u8482\u5b89\u00b7\u5b89\u5f92\u751f\u3001\u683c\u6797\u5144\u5f1f\u3001\u57c3\u5fb7\u52a0\u00b7\u7231\u4f26\u00b7\u5761\u3001\u9c81\u8fc5\u548c\u7f57\u66fc\u00b7\u7f57\u5170\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u6709\u5b89\u4e1c\u00b7\u5951\u79d1\u592b\u3001\u5c3c\u53e4\u62c9\u00b7\u679c\u6208\u7406\u3001\u91cc\u5c14\u514b\u3001\u6ce2\u5fb7\u83b1\u5c14\u548c\u4f46\u4e01\u3002\u540c\u6837\u5360\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u534a\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff08\u7ea6110\u90e8\uff09\u4ec5\u51fa\u81ea3\u4f4d\u8bd1\u8005\u4e4b\u624b\uff1a\u8bd7\u4eba\u4e0a\u7530\u654f\u3001\u4f5c\u5bb6\u68ee\u9e25\u5916\u548c\u4fc4\u56fd\u6587\u5b66\u5b66\u8005\u795e\u897f\u6e05\u3002\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u5728\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u90fd\u5df2\u5f97\u5230\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u5982\u6b64\u5c0f\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4e00\u4e2a\u80fd\u591f\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u5173\u8054\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8bed\u5883\uff0c\u4f7f\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bf9\u5916\u56fd\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6392\u5e03\u5f97\u4ee5\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u53d6\u820d\u9009\u62e9\u5145\u5176\u91cf\u53ea\u80fd\u7b97\u662f\u6b66\u65ad\u7684\u548c\u968f\u673a\u7684\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u5f53\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e00\u6392\u5e03\u4e0e\u90a3\u79cd\u6211\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\u80fd\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u53cd\u6620\u6218\u524d\u5916\u56fd\u6587\u5b66\u9738\u6743\u4e4b\u6784\u6210\u7684\u6392\u5e03\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u56de\u987e\u4e00\u4e0b\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u770b\u770b\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u4f3c\u4e4e\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u7406\u6240\u5f53\u7136\u7684\u5916\u56fd\u6587\u5b66\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u30021927\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u4f5c\u5bb6\u548c\u8bfb\u8005\u51e0\u4e4e\u80af\u5b9a\u4f1a\u5c06\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u6587\u5b66\u5168\u96c6\u300b\u89c6\u4e3a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee3\u8868\u3002\u8fd9\u5957\u7531\u65b0\u6f6e\u793e\u51fa\u7248\u3001\u4e24\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u5171\u8ba157\u5377\u7684\u7cfb\u5217\u4f5c\u54c1\u5927\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5e2e\u52a9\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u5546\u4e1a\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u9762\u8c8c\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u5143\u672c\u56fe\u4e66[6]\u7684\u6d6a\u6f6e\u4e0b\uff0c\u5ec9\u4ef7\u7684\u591a\u5377\u672c\u73b0\u4ee3\u540d\u8457\u3001\u53e4\u5178\u540d\u8457\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u4e0d\u90a3\u4e48\u9ad8\u96c5\u7684\u5927\u4f17\u4f5c\u54c1\u5c42\u51fa\u4e0d\u7a77\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bcc\u6709\u7ade\u4e89\u529b\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u5f97\u4ee5\u5174\u8d77\u3002\u65b0\u6f6e\u793e\u663e\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d62\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5356\u51fa\u4e86\u8d85\u8fc740\u4e07\u5957\u5168\u96c6\uff0c\u800c\u5b83\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\u6539\u9020\u793e\u7684\u201c\u65e5\u672c\u73b0\u4ee3\u6587\u5b66\u201d\u7cfb\u5217\u53ea\u5356\u51fa\u4e8625\u4e07\u5957\u3002[7]\u5728\u5bf9\u5927\u91cf\u53ef\u5f15\u8fdb\u6216\u53ef\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4f5c\u54c1\u8fdb\u884c\u957f\u671f\u7504\u522b\u3001\u5206\u7c7b\u548c\u7ecf\u5178\u5316\u8fd9\u4e00\u64cd\u4f5c\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7cfb\u5217\u8457\u4f5c\u90fd\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u7531\u6279\u8bc4\u5bb6\u5f00\u5217\u7684\u540d\u8457\u6e05\u5355\u3001\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u9986\u957f\u4e3a\u4e0d\u65ad\u6269\u5f20\u7684\u516c\u5171\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u7f51\u7edc\u6240\u7b56\u5212\u7684\u4e66\u67b6\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u6559\u80b2\u8005\u6e34\u671b\u5728\u65e5\u8bed\u8bfe\u5802\u4e0a\u4e3a\u201c\u56fd\u9645\u4ea4\u6d41\u201d\u63d0\u4f9b\u652f\u6301\u3002[8]\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u51fa\u7248\u4e2d\u7684\u7cfb\u5217\u8457\u4f5c\u5e76\u884c\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u201c\u5b66\u672f\u5217\u8868\u201d\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u5927\u4f17\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u201c\u4f01\u4e1a\u201d\u6a21\u5f0f\u4ece1890\u5e74\u4ee3\u5f00\u59cb\u6c47\u5408\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u7236\u6743\u5236\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\uff08patriarchal capitalist\uff09\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002[9]\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u8bf8\u5982\u52b3\u7279\u5229\u5947\uff08Routledge\uff09\u7684\u201c\u4e16\u754c\u6587\u5b66\u201d\uff08World Library\uff09\u3001\u725b\u6d25\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u7684\u201c\u4e16\u754c\u7ecf\u5178\u201d\uff08World Classics\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u7531\u4e39\u7279\uff08J. M. Dent\uff09\u521b\u5efa\u4e8e1905\u5e74\u7684 \u201c\u7ed9\u9752\u5e74\u7684\u4eba\u4eba\u6587\u5e93\u201d\uff08Everyman Library for Young People\uff09\uff0c\u8be5\u6587\u5e93\u96c4\u5fc3\u52c3\u52c3\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u51fa\u72481,000\u90e8\u540d\u8457\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7cfb\u5217\u8457\u4f5c\u7684\u7b56\u5212\u8005\u5c06\u6d69\u701a\u65e0\u57a0\u7684\u6587\u672c\u7cbe\u5fc3\u7b56\u5212\u4e3a\u4e00\u5957\u9009\u96c6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u521d\u8877\u65e8\u5728\u6559\u80b2\u5927\u4f17\uff0c\u5e76\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5730\u8ba9\u666e\u901a\u8bfb\u8005\u201c\u8d70\u51fa\u6742\u8d27\u94fa\u6216\u8fdc\u79bb\u62a5\u7eb8\u201d\u3002[10]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u6587\u5b66\u5168\u96c6\u300b\u4e0e\u7236\u6743\u5236\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5bc6\u5207\u5173\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u5219\u7a7a\u524d\u7684\u3001\u957f\u8fbe\u4e24\u9875\u7684\u5e7f\u544a\u4e2d\u4f53\u73b0\u5f97\u6dcb\u6f13\u5c3d\u81f4\u3002\u8fd9\u5219\u5e7f\u544a\u662f\u7531\u8be5\u7cfb\u5217\u8457\u4f5c\u7684\u7f16\u8005\u4f50\u85e4\u4e49\u4eae\u5199\u4e8e1927\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u5e7f\u544a\u4e2d\u58f0\u79f0\u8be5\u7cfb\u5217\u8457\u4f5c\u5728\u5185\u5bb9\u548c\u4ef7\u683c\u4e0a\u90fd\u53ef\u4e0e\u4eba\u4eba\u6587\u5e93\uff08Everyman&#8217;s Library\uff09\u76f8\u5ab2\u7f8e\u3002[11]\u5c31\u5b9e\u9645\u6536\u5f55\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u6570\u91cf\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8fd9\u7eaf\u7cb9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u63a8\u9500\u624b\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u5957\u9009\u96c6\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u8bf8\u591a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u4f5c\u5bb6\u548c\u4e66\u540d\uff08\u88681\uff09\u3002\u4f46\u4e01\u3001\u6b4c\u5fb7\u3001\u5f25\u5c14\u987f\u3001\u838e\u58eb\u6bd4\u4e9a\u548c\u585e\u4e07\u63d0\u65af\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u4ee3\u8868\u7ecf\u5178\uff1b\u96e8\u679c\u3001\u5df4\u5c14\u624e\u514b\u3001\u72c4\u66f4\u65af\u3001\u798f\u697c\u62dc\u3001\u83ab\u6cca\u6851\u3001\u6258\u5c14\u65af\u6cf0\u3001\u5c60\u683c\u6d85\u592b\u3001\u9640\u601d\u59a5\u8036\u592b\u65af\u57fa\u3001\u5761\u548c\u970d\u6851\u4ee3\u886819\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\uff1b\u5951\u8bc3\u592b\u3001\u9ad8\u5c14\u57fa\u3001\u6885\u7279\u6797\u514b\u3001\u6613\u535c\u751f\u548c\u970d\u6851\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5305\u62ec\u5176\u4ed6\u4f5c\u5bb6\u90fd\u4f7f\u5176\u66f4\u5177\u73b0\u4ee3\u611f\u3002[12]\u4f50\u85e4\u548c\u4e39\u7279\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4e5f\u7ed9\u8be5\u7cfb\u5217\u8457\u4f5c\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e86\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u548c\u6587\u660e\u7684\u4f7f\u547d\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u6807\u699c\u4e3a\u201c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u4f1f\u5927\u8457\u4f5c\u201d\u548c\u201c\u6210\u4e3a\u5168\u7403\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\u201d\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u666e\u901a\u5927\u4f17\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4ed6\u548c\u65b0\u6f6e\u793e\u6240\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u5e02\u573a\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u660e\u767d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f5c\u54c1\u5fc5\u987b\u80fd\u591f\u540c\u6837\u5438\u5f15\u5230\u6709\u610f\u5411\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u4f5c\u5bb6\u548c\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed9\u4f5c\u54c1\u5e26\u6765\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u6587\u5316\u8d44\u672c\u5e76\u4f7f\u5176\u5177\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u5957\u7cfb\u5217\u8457\u4f5c\u51fa\u7248\u524d\uff0c\u8457\u540d\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\u5409\u91ce\u4f5c\u9020\u5728\u300a\u4e1c\u4eac\u65e5\u65e5\u65b0\u95fb\u300b\u4e0a\u4e3a\u5176\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u5ba3\u4f20\u6027\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u4ed6\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u670b\u53cb\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f4d\u670b\u53cb\u5728\u8bfb\u4e86\u90a3\u5219\u4e24\u9875\u7684\u5e7f\u544a\u4e4b\u540e\u611f\u53f9\u9053\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u201c\u7075\u9b42\u7684\u98df\u7cae\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5e94\u5f53\u6c38\u8fdc\u89e6\u624b\u53ef\u5f97\u3002\u6211\u5bf9\u5b83\u4eec\u671b\u773c\u6b32\u7a7f\uff0c\u6211\u5df2\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u593a\u95e8\u800c\u51fa\u5e76\u5f97\u5230\u5b83\u4eec\u201d\u3002[13]\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u672c\u4e3a\u666e\u901a\u5927\u4f17\u51c6\u5907\u7684\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\uff0c\u5b83\u597d\u6bd4\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u88c5\u9970\u54c1\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u505c\u5730\u5c55\u793a\u7740\u4eba\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u5438\u6536\u4e86\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u7684\u6559\u8bad\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"655\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Tu_3-655x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16675\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Tu_3-655x1024.png 655w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Tu_3-192x300.png 192w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Tu_3-768x1201.png 768w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Tu_3-983x1536.png 983w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Tu_3-1310x2048.png 1310w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Tu_3.png 1314w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 655px) 100vw, 655px\" \/><figcaption>\u8868 1 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class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"673\" height=\"393\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Tu_5.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16677\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Tu_5.png 673w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Tu_5-300x175.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 673px) 100vw, 673px\" \/><figcaption>\u56fe 4 1883\u20141940\u5e74\u95f4\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6587\u5b66\u5360\u603b\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u7684\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\uff0c\u672c\u56fe\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e24\u5e74\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u7684\u6eda\u52a8\u663e\u793a\u3002\u51fa\u7248\u603b\u91cf\u5305\u62ec1912\u5e74\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u56fe\u4e66\u3001\u6742\u5fd7\u548c\u62a5\u7eb8\uff0c\u4f461912\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\u7684\u53ea\u6709\u56fe\u4e66\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"673\" height=\"388\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Tu_6.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16678\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Tu_6.png 673w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Tu_6-300x173.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 673px) 100vw, 673px\" \/><figcaption>\u56fe 5 1912\u20141915\u5e74\u95f4\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8005\u548c\u51fa\u7248\u8005\u56de\u6eaf\u7684\u5e74\u4efd\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u6bcf\u5e74\u6240\u56de\u6eaf\u7684\u8fc7\u5f80\u5e74\u4efd\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\uff0c\u4ece\u8be5\u5e74\u4efd\u51cf\u53bb\u6240\u6709\u88ab\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4f5c\u5bb6\u7684\u5df2\u52a0\u6743\u51fa\u751f\u5e74\u4efd\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56de\u6eaf\u5e74\u4efd\u957f\u5ea6\u662f\u4ee5\u6bcf\u4e24\u5e74\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u6eda\u52a8\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5927\u7ea6\u57281918\u5e74\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56de\u6eaf\u5e74\u4efd\u957f\u5ea6\u8d85\u8fc7100\u5e74\u3002\u57281940\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\uff0c\u5b83\u8fbe\u5230135\u5e74\u5e76\u89e6\u5e95\uff08\u5927\u7ea6\u52301813\u5e74\uff09\u3002\u5728\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u6587\u5b66\u5168\u96c6\u300b\u51fa\u7248\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56de\u6eaf\u5e74\u4efd\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u5cf0\u503c\u4e5f\u672a\u8d85\u8fc770\u5e74\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u5f53\u65f6\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u65b0\u7684\u4f5c\u5bb6\u6b63\u5728\u88ab\u8bd1\u4ecb\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u4ece\u6570\u91cf\u4e0a\u91cd\u65b0\u89e3\u91ca\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6bcf\u4e00\u4f4d\u4f5c\u5bb6\u7684\u65e5\u8bd1\u4f5c\u54c1\u8bb0\u5f55\u60f3\u8c61\u4e3a\u4e00\u6761\u65f6\u95f4\u8d8b\u52bf\u7ebf\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba1\u7b97\u6bcf\u4e00\u5e74\u8be5\u4f5c\u5bb6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8bd1\u4f5c\u7684\u5360\u6bd4\u3002\u6216\u8005\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u591a\u4f4d\u4f5c\u5bb6\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u7ebf\u6c47\u603b\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4ee5\u6f14\u793a\u6bcf\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u5e02\u573a\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u603b\u4f53\u5173\u6ce8\u5ea6\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u5c31\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u6587\u5b66\u5168\u96c6\u300b\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u4f5c\u5bb6\u5728\u5168\u96c6\u4e2d\u88ab\u5f52\u7c7b\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7ec4\u662f\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u901a\u5e38\u5e74\u9f84\u8f83\u5927\u4e14\u66f4\u4e3a\u7ecf\u5178\uff0c\u51fa\u751f\u5e74\u4efd\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\u4e3a1836\u5e74\u3002\u4ece1930\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u5e74\u9f84\u504f\u5c0f\uff0c\u51fa\u751f\u5e74\u4efd\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\u4e3a1876\u5e74\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u65b0\u6f6e\u793e\u9009\u62e9\u5728\u6770\u514b\u00b7\u4f26\u6566\u3001\u5384\u666e\u987f\u00b7\u8f9b\u514b\u83b1\u3001\u5965\u5c14\u5fb7\u65af\u00b7\u8d6b\u80e5\u9ece\u3001\u6258\u9a6c\u65af\u00b7\u66fc\u548c\u5217\u5965\u5c3c\u5fb7\u00b7\u5217\u6602\u8bfa\u592b\u7b49\u4f5c\u5bb6\u8eab\u4e0a\u62bc\u6ce8\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f53\u65f6\u5728\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5e02\u573a\u8fd8\u6bd4\u8f83\u65b0\u9c9c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed8\u5236\u51fa\u6bcf\u4e00\u7ec4\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u7ebf\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u5b9a\u5728\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u65f6\u523b\u662f\u5426\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u91cd\u5927\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u662f\u5426\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u8d8b\u52bf\u7ebf\u7684\u65ad\u88c2\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\u660e\u663e\u4e0b\u964d\u6216\u5f00\u59cb\u4e0a\u5347\uff1f\u6216\u8005\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff1f\u786e\u5b9a\u597d\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u9009\u96c6\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u5bf9\u4ee5\u5f80\u7684\u5076\u7136\u6027\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5f15\u529b\u573a\u6240\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u56de\u5e94\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u90a3\u4e9b\u9009\u62e9\u5f97\u4ee5\u5b9e\u65bd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e5f\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5373\u6bcf\u4e00\u9879\u9488\u5bf9\u65f6\u95f4\u8d8b\u52bf\u7684\u5206\u6790\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u56de\u7b54\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u600e\u6837\u77e5\u9053\u6570\u636e\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u5728\u4f55\u65f6\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u6216\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u5206\u6790\u662f\u4e13\u7528\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u652f\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u6211\u4ece\u4e2d\u501f\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u4e3a\u7b80\u4fbf\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5728\u4e00\u6761\u8d8b\u52bf\u7ebf\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u70b9\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u201c\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u65ad\u88c2\u201d\u3002\u5b83\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u4e54\u6c0f\uff08Chow\uff09\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\u4e0e\u6837\u672c\u5b50\u96c6\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u6a21\u578b\uff08\u5982\u65ad\u70b9\u524d\u540e\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u7ebf\uff09\u5728\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e4b\u95f4\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0e\u6574\u4e2a\u8d8b\u52bf\u7ebf\u76f8\u6bd4\u662f\u5426\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u660e\u663e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff08p\uff1c0.05\uff09\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u96c6\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u8868\u73b0\u8db3\u4ee5\u8bc1\u660e\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u201c\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u65ad\u88c2\u201d\u3002[24]\u6211\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e00\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u7b2c\u4e00\u548c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\u4e2d\u4f5c\u5bb6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4f5c\u54c1\u5360\u6bd4\u7684\u6ed1\u52a8\u5e73\u5747\u503c\uff08moving average\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5404\u4e2a\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u4e0a\u6253\u7834\u603b\u4f53\u8d8b\u52bf\u7ebf\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d8b\u52bf\u7ebf\u5982\u56fe6\u548c\u56fe7\u6240\u793a\u3002\u5c31\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4e54\u6c0f\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8868\u660e\u5176\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u663e\u8457\u8ff9\u8c61\u8bc1\u660e\u6709\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u65ad\u88c2\uff08p=0.79\uff09\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4f5c\u5bb6\u65b9\u9762\u5b58\u5728\u76f8\u5f53\u5927\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u603b\u4f53\u8d8b\u52bf\u5728\u6301\u7eed\u5730\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\u65b0\u6f6e\u793e\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d\u53d1\u5c55\u52bf\u5934\u6b63\u5728\u4e0b\u964d\u7684\u4f5c\u5bb6\uff08\u603b\u517146\u4f4d\uff09\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u9000\u51fa\u3002\u52301950\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u4ecd\u5360\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u8bd1\u6587\u768425%\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u65ad\u88c2\uff08p=0.05\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a1932\u5e74\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u6e05\u6670\u4e14\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u4e0a\u5347\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u6761\u5608\u6742\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u7ebf\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u9010\u5e74\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u987a\u4fbf\u4e00\u63d0\uff0c\u65b0\u6f6e\u793e\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5728\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u592a\u6210\u719f\u7684\u4f5c\u5bb6\u8eab\u4e0a\u62bc\u4e0b\u4e86\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u8d4c\u6ce8\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8d4c\u6ce8\u5728\u6258\u9a6c\u65af\u00b7\u66fc\u548c\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7\u675c\u54c8\u6885\u5c14\u90a3\u91cc\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u6210\u6548\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u6770\u514b\u00b7\u4f26\u6566\u548c\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\u00b7\u5e93\u666e\u6797\u90a3\u91cc\u6ca1\u6709\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"691\" height=\"385\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Tu_7.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16679\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Tu_7.png 691w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Tu_7-300x167.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 691px) 100vw, 691px\" \/><figcaption>\u56fe 6 \u5916\u56fd\u4f5c\u5bb6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4f5c\u54c1\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u5e74\u7684\u5360\u6bd4\u6563\u70b9\u56fe\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f5c\u5bb6\u6765\u81ea\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u6587\u5b66\u5168\u96c6\u300b\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u6211\u5c06\u7b80\u5355\u7ebf\u6027\u8d8b\u52bf\u7ebf\u4e0e1929\u5e74\u8be5\u5168\u96c6\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u51fa\u7248\u4e4b\u524d\u548c\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6570\u636e\u70b9\u505a\u4e86\u62df\u5408\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u663e\u793a\u51fa1912\u20141955\u5e74\u95f4\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u6027\u4e0b\u964d\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"663\" height=\"382\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Tu_8.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16680\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Tu_8.png 663w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Tu_8-300x173.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 663px) 100vw, 663px\" \/><figcaption>\u56fe 7 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Guillory\uff09\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u518d\u73b0\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u662f\u4ee5\u7efc\u5408\u9009\u96c6\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u201c\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u4e14\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u9009\u62e9\u201d\u3002\u7ecf\u5178\u6c38\u8fdc\u662f\u201c\u4e00\u4e2a\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u603b\u4f53\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u6c38\u8fdc\u65e0\u6cd5\u6210\u4e3a\u603b\u4f53\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5bf9\u5b83\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u8c03\u7528\u90fd\u662f\u90e8\u5206\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u548c\u8bed\u5883\u606f\u606f\u76f8\u5173\u3002[29]\u9009\u96c6\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\u4eec\u5c06\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u504f\u89c1\u65bd\u52a0\u5230\u4e86\u9009\u62e9\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u770b\u6765\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u5c1d\u8bd5\u505a\u5230\u8be6\u5c3d\u6216\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5730\u6355\u6349\u6574\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u201c\u566a\u97f3\u201d\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u5f53\u5e74\u6539\u9020\u793e\u5f00\u521b\u6027\u7684\u300a\u73b0\u4ee3\u65e5\u672c\u6587\u5b66\u5168\u96c6\u300b\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\u4eec\u6240\u505a\u7684\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u6539\u9020\u793e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u7075\u611f\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u8457\u540d\u7684\u300a\u54c8\u4f5b\u7ecf\u5178\u300b\u4e1b\u4e66\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u8be5\u4e1b\u4e66\u7684\u7b56\u5212\u4eba\u67e5\u5c14\u65af\u00b7\u827e\u7565\u7279\uff08Charles Eliot\uff09\u6240\u8a00\uff0c\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e9b\u504f\u89c1\u901a\u8fc7\u7f16\u59d4\u4f1a\u9010\u6e10\u5f62\u6210\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u7ed3\u679c\u90fd\u4f1a\u8ba9\u4eba\u611f\u5230\u201c\u6216\u591a\u6216\u5c11\u5e26\u6709\u968f\u610f\u6027\u201d\u3002[30]\u8fd9\u4e9b\u51b3\u5b9a\u5373\u4fbf\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u662f\u7247\u9762\u7684\u6216\u968f\u610f\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u4f1a\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\u800c\u88ab\u52a0\u5f3a\u548c\u91cd\u590d\u3002\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u51b3\u5b9a\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u54ea\u4e9b\u4f5c\u5bb6\u548c\u4f5c\u54c1\u88ab\u9009\u96c6\u6536\u5f55\u7684\u6b21\u6570\u6700\u591a\uff09\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u590d\u5408\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5c06\u7ecf\u5178\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u603b\u4f53\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u6307\u5f15\u6211\u4eec\u8d70\u5411\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u77e5\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u6027\u5224\u65ad\u6f6e\u6d41\u8d8b\u4e8e\u6c47\u805a\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u6c60\u5858\u6216\u6d45\u6ee9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2004\u5e74\uff0c\u51fa\u7248\u5546\u65e5\u5916\u534f\u4f1a\uff08Nichigai 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class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Tu_11.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16683\" width=\"669\" height=\"420\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Tu_11.png 669w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Tu_11-300x188.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 669px) 100vw, 669px\" \/><figcaption>\u56fe 10 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class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"746\" height=\"397\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Tu_12.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16684\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Tu_12.png 746w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Tu_12-300x160.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 746px) 100vw, 746px\" \/><figcaption>\u56fe 11 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class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Tu_13-1024x817.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16685\" width=\"598\" height=\"477\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Tu_13-1024x817.png 1024w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Tu_13-300x239.png 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Tu_13-768x613.png 768w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Tu_13-1536x1226.png 1536w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Tu_13.png 1694w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 598px) 100vw, 598px\" \/><figcaption>\u8868 2 \u65e5\u5916\u5168\u96c6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e2d\u9891\u7387\u6700\u9ad8\u524d10\u90e8\u4f5c\u54c1<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">\u6ce8\uff1a\u524d10\u540d\u540d\u5355\u6839\u636e\u7efc\u5408\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u8fdb\u884c\u7edf\u8ba1\u5e76\u4f9d\u7167\u5177\u4f53\u65f6\u95f4\u8303\u56f4\u6392\u5217\u3002\u62ec\u53f7\u5185\u4e3a\u4f5c\u8005\u59d3\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u539f\u59cb\u9891\u7387\u63a9\u76d6\u4e86\u90a3\u4e9b\u66f4\u65e9\u88ab\u9009\u5f55\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u81ea\u8eab\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u79cd\u80fd\u591f\u5c06\u65f6\u95f4\u52a0\u4ee5\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u4e2d\u7acb\u7684\u8d5b\u573a\u4e0a\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u6839\u636e\u4e00\u4e2a\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u6570\u91cf\u6765\u5bf9\u5176\u72af\u7f6a\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u6700\u7b80\u4fbf\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5c06\u539f\u59cb\u6570\u91cf\u6362\u7b97\u4e3a\u6bd4\u7387\uff0c\u5373\u7528\u4e00\u90e8\u4f5c\u54c1\u88ab\u9009\u5f55\u7684\u603b\u6b21\u6570\u9664\u4ee5\u5176\u9996\u6b21\u88ab\u9009\u5f55\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u5e74\u4efd\u3002\u636e\u6b64\uff0c\u4e00\u90e8\u572860\u5e74\u5185\u88ab\u9009\u5f55\u4e8610\u6b21\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u5176\u4ef7\u503c\u5c06\u662f\u4e00\u90e8\u572830\u5e74\u5185\u88ab\u9009\u5f55\u4e8610\u6b21\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u4e00\u534a\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed9\u4e88\u5728\u77ed\u671f\u5185\u88ab\u5927\u91cf\u9009\u5f55\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u91cd\u89c6\u5e76\u4ee5\u6b64\u6807\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u7ecf\u5178\u9762\u524d\u96be\u4ee5\u7acb\u8db3\u3002\u7528\u9891\u7387\u5206\u522b\u9664\u4ee5\u5176\u88ab\u9009\u5f55\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e74\u4efd\u548c\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e74\u4efd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u5f3a\u5ea6\u201d\uff08intensity\uff09\u5ea6\u91cf\u3002\u88683\u5c55\u793a\u7684\u662f\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5ea6\u91cf\u6d4b\u7b97\u51fa\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u6392\u540d\u3002\u5373\u4fbf\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u5c0f\u7684\u6837\u672c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u80fd\u591f\u660e\u663e\u770b\u51fa\u6bcf\u4e00\u9879\u6392\u540d\u90fd\u6709\u7740\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u3002\u5927\u5188\u5347\u5e73\u7684\u300a\u91ce\u706b\u300b\u2014\u2014\u6709\u5173\u4e00\u4e2a\u58eb\u5175\u5728\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u6700\u540e\u51e0\u5929\u7edd\u671b\u6218\u6597\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5bf9\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u975e\u4eba\u6027\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u6027\u53cd\u601d\u2014\u2014\u5728\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u65f6\u95f4\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u6392\u540d\u7b2c\u4e00\u3002\u5b83\u4e0e1950\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u51e0\u90e8\u83b7\u5956\u4f5c\u54c1\u5171\u4eab\u4e86\u8fd9\u9879\u6392\u540d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u5b89\u5188\u7ae0\u592a\u90ce\u300a\u6d77\u8fb9\u7684\u5149\u666f\u300b\uff081959\uff09\u3001\u5409\u884c\u6df3\u4e4b\u4ecb\u300a\u9aa4\u96e8\u300b\uff081954\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u5ddd\u7aef\u5eb7\u6210\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u4f5c\u54c1\u300a\u96ea\u56fd\u300b\uff081947\uff09\u3002\u6218\u524d\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u5de8\u5320\u5728\u6218\u540e\u8fc5\u901f\u88ab\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u540c\u884c\u5b8c\u5168\u53d6\u4ee3\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5728\u88ab\u9009\u5f55\u5f3a\u5ea6\u4e00\u680f\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\u699c\u5355\u4e0a\u90a3\u4e9b\u77e5\u540d\u4f5c\u5bb6\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u5927\u90fd\u4e0d\u592a\u4e3a\u4eba\u6240\u77e5\u2014\u2014\u5176\u4e2d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4e4f\u5728\u892a\u8272\u4e4b\u524d\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\u4e4b\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e95\u4e0a\u9756\u7684\u300a\u6d2a\u6c34\u300b\uff081962\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u77ed\u77ed\u4e09\u5e74\u5185\u5c31\u88ab\u9009\u5f55\u4e869\u6b21\uff081966\u20141969\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Tu_14-1024x882.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16686\" width=\"622\" height=\"535\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Tu_14-1024x882.png 1024w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Tu_14-300x258.png 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Tu_14-768x662.png 768w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Tu_14-1536x1323.png 1536w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Tu_14.png 1632w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 622px) 100vw, 622px\" \/><figcaption>\u8868 3 \u6839\u636e\u4e0d\u540c\u5ea6\u91cf\u503c\u548c\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u6240\u505a\u7684\u6392\u540d<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6ce8\uff1a\u8868\u683c\u4e0a\u534a\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e09\u4e2a\u5ea6\u91cf\u503c\uff08\u539f\u59cb\u8ba1\u6570\u3001\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u65f6\u95f4\u8ba1\u6570\u548c\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff09\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u7684\u65e5\u5916\u5168\u96c6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e2d\u7684\u524d\u5341\u4f4d\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002\u8868\u683c\u4e0b\u534a\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u5206\u522b\u6839\u636e\u8bed\u8a00\u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff08Language Research Institute\uff09\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u7edf\u8ba1\u3001\u9ad8\u4e2d\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u4ee5\u53ca\u9752\u7a7a\u6587\u5e93\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6b21\u6570\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u6392\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u8c61\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u8bed\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u5982\u9500\u552e\u6570\u636e\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u6309\u7167\u6bcf\u4e00\u5957\u9009\u96c6\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u6210\u529f\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5bf9\u4f5c\u54c1\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u540d\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u610f\u56fe\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u53bb\u5c06\u9891\u7387\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u6761\u5206\u53c9\u8def\u5f84\u90fd\u7275\u6d89\u5230\u8981\u5bf9\u5176\u5bf9\u8c61\u76f8\u4e92\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u505a\u51fa\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u6761\u5206\u53c9\u8def\u5f84\u90fd\u751f\u4ea7\u51fa\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u4e16\u754c\u56fe\u666f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0e\u9752\u7a7a\u6587\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u56fe\u666f\u6709\u7740\u4e0d\u540c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u91cd\u53e0\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u6709\u7740\u8f83\u9ad8\u9009\u5f55\u5f3a\u5ea6\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u66f4\u5feb\u5730\u4ece\u6587\u5316\u60f3\u8c61\u4e2d\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u5f88\u5c11\u88ab\u91cd\u5370\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e5f\u4e0d\u592a\u5bb9\u6613\u62b5\u8fbe\u9752\u7a7a\u6587\u5e93\u5fd7\u613f\u8005\u7684\u624b\u4e2d\u3002\u5728\u7efc\u5408\u6027\u9009\u96c6\u4e2d\u62e5\u6709\u66f4\u5f3a\u5b58\u7eed\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u53d7\u5230\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u65f6\u95f4\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5ea6\u91cf\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u53d7\u5230\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u62e5\u6709\u7248\u6743\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u9752\u7a7a\u6587\u5e93\u6536\u5f55\u4e86\u539f\u59cb\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u540d\u524d150\u90e8\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\u7684100\u90e8\uff0867%\uff09\uff1b\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u65f6\u95f4\u6392\u540d\u524d150\u90e8\u4e2d\u768469\u90e8\uff0846%\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u6709\u7248\u6743\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff1b\u5f3a\u5ea6\u6392\u540d\u524d150\u90e8\u4e2d\u768432\u90e8\uff0821%\uff09\u3002\uff08\u56de\u60f3\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0eLRI\u5217\u8868\u7684\u91cd\u53e0\u7387\u662f57%\uff09\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\u9752\u7a7a\u6587\u5e93\u5982\u4f55\u4e0e\u65e5\u5916\u6307\u6570\u6295\u5c04\u51fa\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u56fe\u666f\u76f8\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u5982\u4f55\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u5904\u7406\u4e86\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fe\u666f\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5\u4f5c\u8005\u4e3a\u5206\u6790\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c06\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u5173\u4e8e\u9752\u7a7a\u6587\u5e93\u7684\u5339\u914d\u5ea6\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u3002\u5728\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u6309\u7167\u7efc\u5408\u6027\u9009\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u81ea\u4f5c\u54c1\u603b\u6570\u5bf9\u4f5c\u8005\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u540d\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u7ed9\u66f4\u65e9\u88ab\u9009\u5f55\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u8d4b\u4e88\u7279\u6743\uff0c\u4f55\u51b5\u4e0d\u8bba\u4f5c\u54c1\u957f\u5ea6\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u90fd\u5c06\u6bcf\u4e00\u90e8\u4f5c\u54c1\u89c6\u4e3a\u5bf9\u4f5c\u8005\u8eab\u4efd\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5047\u8bbe\u7b80\u6d01\u6027\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u4f5c\u54c1\u88ab\u9009\u5f55\u7684\u6982\u7387\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u539f\u59cb\u9891\u7387\u5c06\u4f1a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e3b\u8981\u5199\u8f83\u77ed\u7bc7\u5e45\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u4f5c\u5bb6\u3002[38]\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u7efc\u5408\u6027\u9009\u96c6\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u56de\u907f\u957f\u7bc7\u5c0f\u8bf4\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u51fa\u7248\u5546\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u9875\u4e0a\u585e\u6ee1\u66f4\u591a\u6587\u672c\u7684\u5370\u5237\u683c\u5f0f\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u5c06\u957f\u7bc7\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5356\u70b9\u3002[39]\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u62e5\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u77ed\u7bc7\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u90a3\u4e9b\u4f5c\u5bb6\u4f1a\u88ab\u9009\u5f55\u6216\u8005\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f5c\u54c1\u53ef\u4ee5\u7a7f\u8d8a\u65f6\u95f4\u88ab\u9009\u5f55\u3002\u8bc4\u4f30\u7bc7\u5e45\u5bf9\u9009\u5f55\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8bf4\u8fd8\u6709\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u4e66\u9875\u957f\u5ea6\u6570\u636e\u4e86\u3002\u4f46\u5f88\u660e\u663e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u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class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Tu_15-1024x793.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16687\" width=\"555\" height=\"427\"\/><figcaption>\u8868 4 \u6839\u636e\u591a\u79cd\u5ea6\u91cf\u548c\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u6d4b\u7b97\u51fa\u7684\u6392\u540d\u524d20\u4f4d\u4f5c\u5bb6<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p 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class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"645\" height=\"421\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Tu_16.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16688\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Tu_16.png 645w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Tu_16-300x196.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 645px) 100vw, 645px\" \/><figcaption>\u56fe 12 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class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"679\" height=\"414\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Tu_17.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16689\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Tu_17.png 679w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Tu_17-300x183.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 679px) 100vw, 679px\" \/><figcaption>\u56fe 13 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tau statistic\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u5b9a\u4e94\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u6392\u540d\u524d50\u4f4d\u4f5c\u5bb6\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u5339\u914d\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u56fe15\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u6bcf\u4e00\u5bf9\u5217\u8868\u7684\u6d4b\u7b97\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u989c\u8272\u8d8a\u6df1\u8868\u793a\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u8d8a\u9ad8\u3002\u4ece\u56fe\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u4e3b\u8981\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\u89e3\u5230\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e0e\u9ad8\u4e2d\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u9752\u7a7a\u6587\u5e93\u4e0e\u9009\u96c6\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u7a0b\u5ea6\u66f4\u9ad8\uff0c\u800c\u9ad8\u4e2d\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u4e0e\u9009\u96c6\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u7a0b\u5ea6\u975e\u5e38\u4f4e\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6807\u51c6\u6587\u672c\u975e\u5e38\u5f15\u4eba\u77a9\u76ee\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u603b\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8bfe\u7a0b\u4e0a\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u9884\u6d4b\u54ea\u4e9b\u4f5c\u5bb6\u4f1a\u88ab\u9752\u7a7a\u6587\u5e93\u7684\u7528\u6237\u9605\u8bfb\u6700\u591a\u3002[48]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u77e9\u9635\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u8bb8\u591a\u8fc4\u4eca\u53d1\u6398\u51fa\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u73b0\u4ee3\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6837\u672c\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5730\u62c9\u56de\u5230\u5176\u8bde\u751f\u7684\u8bed\u5883\u4e2d\u53bb\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4f5c\u54c1\u5217\u8868\u7f29\u51cf\u4e3a\u4f5c\u5bb6\u6392\u540d\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u7528\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4b\u7b97\u3002\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee4\u4eba\u8ff7\u60d1\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5355\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\u548c\u4f5c\u5bb6\u90fd\u50cf\u662f\u88ab\u57cb\u85cf\u5728\u51b0\u5c42\u548c\u571f\u58e4\u5c42\u4e2d\u7684\u7ec6\u5fae\u9897\u7c92\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u9000\u56de\u5230\u4e86\u5404\u81ea\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6837\u672c\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u9996\u8981\u610f\u613f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6495\u5f00\u90a3\u4e9b\u8868\u5c42\uff0c\u5c06\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fae\u7c92\u4ece\u5176\u88ab\u7ed1\u5b9a\u7684\u5355\u4e00\u8bed\u5883\u4e2d\u89e3\u653e\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4ece\u591a\u91cd\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u89d2\u5ea6\u51fa\u53d1\u91cd\u65b0\u5c06\u5176\u66b4\u9732\u5728\u5149\u7ebf\u4e4b\u4e0b\u3002\u5b83\u503c\u5f97\u6211\u4eec\u91c7\u7528\u8fd8\u539f\u8bba\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u5c06\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u805a\u7126\u7247\u523b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u89e3\u91ca\u6027\u9009\u62e9\u548c\u7edf\u8ba1\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5bf9\u9752\u7a7a\u6587\u5e93\u548c\u5370\u5237\u6863\u6848\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u6807\u65b0\u7acb\u5f02\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8981\u7ed8\u5236\u4e00\u4efd\u88c2\u9699\u4e0e\u6cb3\u8c37\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u5730\u56fe\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u5e45\u5730\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u9752\u7a7a\u6587\u5e93\u5bf9\u65e5\u8bed\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u518d\u73b0\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6863\u6848\u4e2d\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u76f8\u4e92\u78b0\u649e\u3002\u5728\u6700\u5927\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u5728\u6700\u4f4e\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u53bb\u89e3\u91ca\u9752\u7a7a\u6587\u5e93\u5982\u4f55\u88ab\u6587\u672c\u9009\u62e9\u548c\u4ef7\u503c\u5224\u65ad\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u5386\u53f2\u6240\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5386\u53f2\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u51e0\u4e2a\u76f8\u4e92\u4ea4\u53c9\u7684\u7f8e\u5b66\u3001\u5546\u4e1a\u4ee5\u53ca\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u8bed\u5883\u4e2d\u88ab\u63ed\u9732\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u9752\u7a7a\u6587\u5e93\u7684\u4f20\u8bb0\u662f\u7531\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u6863\u6848\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5de5\u5177\u7f16\u5236\u800c\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u73b0\u5728\u5b83\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u59cb\u7f16\u7ec7\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4f20\u8bb0\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u9752\u7a7a\u6587\u5e93\u6293\u5230\u4e86\u5916\u56fd\u6587\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u4eae\u70b9\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u662f\u4e92\u4e0d\u5173\u8054\u4e14\u96f6\u96f6\u788e\u788e\u7684\u3002\u5b83\u4e0e\u5728\u6218\u524d\u88ab\u9009\u96c6\u548c\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u5949\u4e3a\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u4f5c\u5bb6\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5b83\u5e76\u4e0d\u603b\u662f\u5c06\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u8f6c\u5411\u90a3\u4e9b\u4f5c\u5bb6\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002\u5b83\u4e3a\u90a3\u4e9b\u4ee5\u524d\u5728\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u9009\u96c6\u548c\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u4e2d\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u5fae\u5f31\u75d5\u8ff9\u7684\u5927\u4f17\u6587\u5b66\u4f5c\u5bb6\u5f25\u7f1d\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8f\u9614\u7684\u7bc7\u7ae0\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u5b83\u4e5f\u975e\u5e38\u7b26\u5408\u90a3\u4e9b\u5c06\u5973\u6027\u4f5c\u5bb6\u8fb9\u7f18\u5316\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Tu_19.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16691\" width=\"409\" height=\"359\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Tu_19.png 589w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Tu_19-300x264.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 409px) 100vw, 409px\" \/><figcaption>\u56fe 15 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class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Tu_20.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16692\" width=\"543\" height=\"339\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Tu_20.png 648w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Tu_20-300x187.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 543px) 100vw, 543px\" \/><figcaption>\u56fe 16 \u9752\u7a7a\u6587\u5e93\u5c0f\u8bf4\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u5b50\u96c6\u4e2d\u6bcf\u5e74\u4f5c\u54c1\u6570\u3002\u8be5\u56fe\u663e\u793a\u7684\u662f1,867\u79cd\u6709\u660e\u786e\u9996\u6b21\u51fa\u7248\u65e5\u671f\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\u76841,753\u79cd\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Tu_21.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16693\" width=\"612\" height=\"372\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Tu_21.png 700w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Tu_21-300x182.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 612px) 100vw, 612px\" \/><figcaption>\u56fe 17 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class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Tu_22.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16694\" width=\"593\" height=\"371\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Tu_22.png 781w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Tu_22-300x187.png 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Tu_22-768x480.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 593px) 100vw, 593px\" \/><figcaption>\u56fe 18 \u6b64\u56fe\u91c7\u7528\u9752\u7a7a\u6587\u5e93\u5c0f\u8bf4\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u5b50\u96c6\u6570\u636e\u5c06\u5b89\u672c\u7f8e\u5178\u5bf9\u6c49\u5b57\u4f7f\u7528\u5e73\u5747\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u4e0b\u964d\u8fc7\u7a0b\u91cd\u65b0\u6d4b\u7b97\u3002\u56fe\u4e2d\u7684LOESS\u66f2\u7ebf\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u62df\u5408\u4ee5\u4fbf\u663e\u793a\u603b\u4f53\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e0e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u65b0\u521b\u5efa\u6866\u5c9b\u5fe0\u592b\uff08\u304b\u3070\u3057\u307e\u305f\u3060\u304a\/Kabashima Tadao\uff09\u548c\u5bff\u5cb3\u7ae0\u5b50\uff08\u3058\u3085\u304c\u304f\u3042\u304d\u3053\/Jugaku Akiko\uff09\u7ed8\u5236\u51fa\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u60c5\u8282\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u63a2\u7d22\u6587\u5b66\u6bb5\u843d\u4e2d\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5982\u4f55\u4e0eMVR\u6216\u8005\u4e0e\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e4b\u4e8e\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u548c\u526f\u8bcd\u7684\u6bd4\u7387\u76f8\u5173\u8054\u3002\u56fe19\u7ed8\u5236\u51fa\u4e86\u8be5\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u8bcd\u6027\u7edf\u8ba1\u60c5\u51b5\u3002[51]\u56fe\u4e2d\u7684\u865a\u7ebf\u8868\u793a\u4e24\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u7b2c2.5\u4e2a\u548c\u7b2c97.5\u4e2a\u767e\u5206\u4f4d\uff08percentile\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8303\u56f4\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u540d\u8bcd\u6bd4\u7387\u548cMVR\u503c\u603b\u4f53\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u503c\u6587\u672c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u60c5\u8282\u91cd\u590d\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5373\u540d\u8bcd\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u4e0e\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684MVR\u503c\u5448\u8d1f\u76f8\u5173\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e0e\u52a8\u8bcd\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u548c\u526f\u8bcd\u66f4\u5c11\uff09\u3002\u653e\u5927\u89c6\u91ce\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6709\u4e86\u66f4\u4e3a\u5bbd\u6cdb\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u8bed\u5883\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u503c\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e95\u4f0f\u9cdf\u4e8c\u548c\u8c37\u5d0e\u6da6\u4e00\u90ce\u4e4b\u524d\u5206\u522b\u662f\u6700\u5177\u201c\u6982\u62ec\u6027\u201d\uff08summarizing\uff09\u548c\u201c\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u201d\uff08descriptive\uff09\u7684\u4f5c\u5bb6\uff0c\u800c\u73b0\u5728\u6700\u5177\u201c\u6982\u62ec\u6027\u201d\u7684\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u5386\u53f2\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4f5c\u5bb6\u68ee\u9e25\u5916\uff0c\u6700\u5177\u201c\u9759\u6001\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u201d\uff08statically descriptive\uff09\u7684\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u513f\u7ae5\u6587\u5b66\u4f5c\u5bb6\u5bab\u6cfd\u8d24\u6cbb\uff0c\u6700\u5177\u201c\u52a8\u6001\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u201d\uff08dynamically descriptive\uff09\u7684\u5219\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u98ce\u683c\u4f5c\u5bb6\u5800\u8fb0\u96c4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Tu_23.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16695\" width=\"606\" height=\"384\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Tu_23.png 662w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Tu_23-300x190.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 606px) 100vw, 606px\" \/><figcaption>\u56fe 19 \u672c\u56fe\u4f7f\u7528\u9752\u7a7a\u6587\u5e93\u5c0f\u8bf4\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u5b50\u96c6\u5c06\u6866\u5c9b\u5fe0\u592b\u548c\u5bff\u5cb3\u7ae0\u5b50\u5bf9\u540d\u8bcd\u6bd4\u7387\u548cMVR\u6240\u505a\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u65b0\u6d4b\u7b97\u540e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u865a\u7ebf\u5206\u522b\u8868\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u7b2c2.5\u4e2a\u548c\u7b2c97.5\u4e2a\u767e\u5206\u4f4d\u6570\uff08percentile\uff09\u3002\u5728\u865a\u7ebf\u8303\u56f4\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u70b9\u53ef\u89c6\u4e3a\u5f02\u5e38\u503c\u6587\u672c\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u66f4\u4e3a\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u9752\u7a7a\u6587\u5e93\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4e2d\u6d8c\u73b0\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b0\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u503c\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u672c\u7ae0\u5f00\u5934\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u201c\u8bc1\u636e\u7f3a\u53e3\u201d\u95ee\u9898\u91cd\u65b0\u6210\u4e3a\u7126\u70b9\u3002\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u56de\u60f3\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u6866\u5c9b\u5fe0\u592b\u548c\u5bff\u5cb3\u7ae0\u5b50\u62d3\u5c55\u4e86\u6ce2\u591a\u91ce\u5b8c\u6cbb\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5373\u5229\u7528\u53e5\u5b50\u957f\u5ea6\u548c\u8bcd\u6027\u6765\u533a\u5206\u8c37\u5d0e\u6da6\u4e00\u90ce\u548c\u5fd7\u8d3a\u76f4\u54c9\u7684\u521b\u4f5c\u98ce\u683c\u3002\u53cd\u4e4b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6ce2\u591a\u91ce\u5b8c\u6cbb\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f53\u65f6\u662f\u5728\u5c1d\u8bd5\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e00\u4f4d\u6587\u5b66\u8bc4\u8bba\u5bb6\u7684\u5b9a\u6027\u8bc4\u4ef7\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4f4d\u8bc4\u8bba\u5bb6\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u8c37\u5d0e\u6da6\u4e00\u90ce\u548c\u5fd7\u8d3a\u76f4\u54c9\u7684\u98ce\u683c\u4e0e\u4f17\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u968f\u7740\u6bd4\u8f83\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u5ef6\u5c55\u548c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bc1\u636e\u7f3a\u53e3\u7684\u9010\u6b65\u6536\u7a84\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u5173\u5dee\u5f02\u6027\u7684\u5d2d\u65b0\u5f62\u8c61\u5f97\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fe\u8868\u6240\u63cf\u7ed8\u7684\u66f4\u4e3a\u5b8f\u5927\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u4e2d\uff0c\u89e3\u8bfb\u7279\u5b9a\u6587\u672c\u7684\u4f8b\u5916\u6027\u4e0e\u5178\u578b\u6027\u7684\u65b0\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e5f\u968f\u4e4b\u663e\u73b0\u3002\u5fd7\u8d3a\u76f4\u54c9\u88ab\u4e95\u4f0f\u9cdf\u4e8c\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\uff0c\u800c\u4e95\u4f0f\u9cdf\u4e8c\u6700\u7ec8\u53c8\u88ab\u68ee\u9e25\u5916\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u5e94\u5f53\u56e0\u4e3a\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u8f83\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u66f4\u4e3a\u8be6\u5c3d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b83\u66f4\u5177\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\uff1f\u8be6\u5c3d\u672c\u8eab\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f01\u53ca\u7684\u6781\u70b9\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u88ab\u8bfb\u53d6\u4e86\u2014\u2014\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e8b\u5b9e\u6216\u771f\u7406\u7684\u4fdd\u8bc1\u3002\u5b83\u6c38\u8fdc\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u5236\u9020\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5728\u6574\u4f53\u4e0a\u88ab\u627f\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5b83\u9700\u8981\u201c\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u548c\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u201d\u6295\u5165\u3002[52]\u5728\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u4e0d\u65ad\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u6027\u5f62\u8c61\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u672c\u6587\u6240\u63cf\u7ed8\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\uff0c\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u4f18\u5148\u5c06\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u771f\u7406\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u51b3\u5b9a\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u77e5\u6653\u4e86\u9752\u7a7a\u6587\u5e93\u4e0e\u4e66\u76ee\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u66f4\u4e3a\u614e\u91cd\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u5c06\u5c3a\u5ea6\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u573a\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u3001\u672a\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u534f\u5546\uff0c\u53bb\u8ba8\u8bba\u4f55\u8c13\u90e8\u5206\u3001\u4f55\u8c13\u6574\u4f53\uff1b\u53bb\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6574\u4f53\u9700\u8981\u663e\u9732\u591a\u5c11\u624d\u8db3\u4ee5\u88ab\u770b\u5230\uff1b\u53bb\u8ba8\u8bba\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7f29\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u4e0e\u6574\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u5dee\u8ddd\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5728\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u4f53\u4e2d\u6784\u5efa\u51fa\u66f4\u5bcc\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u53d8\u5f02\u4f53\u6216\u5178\u578b\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u672c\u7ae0\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u9898\u8bcd\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ea6\u745f\u82ac\u00b7\u8fc8\u5c14\u65af\uff08Josephine Miles\uff09\u4e5f\u6697\u793a\u4e86\u540c\u6837\u7684\u534f\u5546\uff0c\u5979\u6307\u51fa\u8bd7\u6b4c\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u5ba1\u7f8e\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u201c\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u786e\u7acb\u201d\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u8005\u672a\u7ecf\u8bc1\u5b9e\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u201c\u603b\u4f53\u5370\u8c61\u201d\uff08general impression\uff09\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u201c\u827a\u672f\u7684\u8bd5\u91d1\u77f3\u201d\uff08touchstones in art\uff09\u3001\u8fd9\u4e9b\u88ab\u5343\u6311\u4e07\u9009\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u67d0\u65b9\u9762\u6700\u5177\u72ec\u7279\u6027\u548c\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u7684\u201c\u73cd\u54c1\u201d\uff08rarities\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u201c\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u8bfb\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6613\u53d8\u6027\u201d\u800c\u53d8\u5f97\u8106\u5f31\u4e0d\u582a\u3002\u8fc8\u5c14\u65af\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u9700\u8981\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u8bd7\u610f\u201c\u4e00\u5207\u5c3d\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u7684\u4e5f\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u201d\uff08all that is in it as well as the best that is in it\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u6b64\u7ed9\u8bd7\u6027\u4e4b\u7f8e\u201c\u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u4e9b\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u201d\u3002[53]\u5982\u679c\u6587\u5b66\u8bc4\u8bba\u5bb6\u4e0d\u518d\u4ee5\u201c\u8d28\u91cf\u201d\u6765\u754c\u5b9a\u827a\u672f\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u80fd\u591f\u53e6\u8f9f\u8e4a\u5f84\uff0c\u4e3a\u7ee7\u7eed\u5173\u6ce8\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e2a\u6848\u6240\u5177\u6709\u7684\u201c\u7a00\u6709\u6027\u201d\uff08rarities\uff09\u548c\u89e3\u91ca\u4e0a\u7684\u5f39\u6027\u8d4b\u4e88\u5408\u7406\u6027\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6848\u4f8b\u7814\u7a76\u4ecd\u7136\u5177\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u8fd9\u6070\u6070\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8ba9\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\u7684\u201c\u4e30\u5bcc\u591a\u5f69\u201d\u4ece\u5c5e\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u5bf9\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u65f6\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u6bd4\u8f83\u603b\u662f\u4f1a\u7275\u6d89\u5230\u63cf\u8ff0\u6587\u672c\u7684\u7ef4\u5ea6\u7684\u7f29\u5c0f\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u968f\u7740\u6bd4\u8f83\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u6269\u5927\u3002[54]\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5185\u5728\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u548c\u5c40\u90e8\u610f\u4e49\u7247\u6bb5\u88ab\u7eb3\u5165\u4e86\u66f4\u9ad8\u9636\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u65af\u5766\u5229\u00b7\u8d39\u5e0c\uff08Stanley Fish\uff09\u6240\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u5173\u7cfb\u4f1a\u963b\u788d\u201c\u4eba\u7c7b\u548c\u8bed\u5883\u5c06\u53d8\u5316\u65e0\u5e38\u4e14\u4e30\u5bcc\u591a\u5f69\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u9644\u7740\u5230\u4efb\u4f55\u6b63\u5f0f\u5e03\u5c40\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u4e0a\u201d\u3002[55]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e3a\u72ec\u7279\u6027\u800c\u9605\u8bfb\u7684\u786e\u662f\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u95e8\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5b83\u4e5f\u5e94\u5f53\u7ee7\u7eed\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u8fc8\u5c14\u65af\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u524d\u6240\u5efa\u8bae\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u53cd\u590d\u6307\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u662f\u6700\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u7684\u89e3\u8bfb\uff0c\u4e5f\u4ece\u672a\u4f7f\u81ea\u8eab\u5b8c\u5168\u8131\u79bb\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u76f8\u5173\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u6216\u5047\u8bbe\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u52c3\u5170\u7279\uff08Lauren Berlant\uff09\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u4eec\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u6211\u4eec\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e2a\u6848\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u8fd8\u539f\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u6848\u4f8b\u7814\u7a76\u603b\u662f\u5f98\u5f8a\u5728\u201c\u5355\u4e00\u6027\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u548c\u89c4\u8303\u6027\u201d\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5982\u827e\u4f26\u00b7\u5218\uff08Alan Liu\uff09\u6240\u8bb2\u8ff0\u7684\u65b0\u5386\u53f2\u4e3b\u4e49\u8f76\u4e8b\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u5c06\u6848\u4f8b\u7814\u7a76\u8912\u626c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u5386\u53f2\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u8fd9\u653e\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4f4d\u7f6e\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u51fa\u73b0\u4e00\u79cd\u8d85\u8d8a\u8be5\u6848\u4f8b\u7684\u6982\u62ec\u6027\u2014\u2014\u5ba3\u79f0\u8be5\u6848\u4f8b\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5927\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u3001\u5178\u578b\u6216\u5f81\u5019\u2014\u2014\u90a3\u4e48\u4e00\u79cd\u5b9a\u91cf\u903b\u8f91\u5c31\u4f1a\u5f00\u59cb\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8bed\u5883\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u505a\u51fa\u5047\u8bbe\u548c\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bed\u5883\u5f88\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u6587\u672c\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u4f20\u8bb0\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u3001\u8bdd\u8bed\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\uff09\u3002\u6848\u4f8b\u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4f1a\u8bd5\u56fe\u518d\u73b0\u7531\u6587\u672c\u672c\u8eab\u9020\u6210\u7684\u8bed\u5883\u7684\u6536\u7f29\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u53ea\u4f1a\u51f8\u663e\u827e\u4f26\u00b7\u5218\u5bf9\u201c\u968f\u673a\u6027\u51b3\u5b9a\u6216\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u968f\u673a\u6027\u201d\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u613f\u671b\u2014\u2014\u5373\u6e34\u671b\u7acb\u523b\u8d85\u8d8a\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u675f\u7f1a\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u53c8\u8981\u770b\u7a7f\u5b83\u4eec\u5e76\u4ece\u4e2d\u62e9\u53d6\u4e0e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u6700\u4e3a\u76f8\u5173\u4e4b\u7269\u3002\u9690\u85cf\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u613f\u671b\u80cc\u540e\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5bf9\u8bed\u5883\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u68c0\u7d22\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u5b83\u6709\u4e00\u5957\u5fae\u578b\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u8ba9\u4eba\u611f\u77e5\u5230\u5b83\u6216\u8bb8\u662f\u67d0\u4e2a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5fae\u578b\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5bf9\u6574\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u8fdb\u884c\u7b5b\u9009\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5728SQL\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c\u4ece\u5386\u53f2\u9009\u9879\u4e2d\u9009\u62e9\u4f5c\u8005\u3001\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u5173\u952e\u8bcd=\u2018\u81ea\u7136\u2019\uff08nature\uff09\u6216\u5173\u952e\u8bcd=\u2018\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u2019\uff08Napoleon\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u9009\u62e9\u5e74\u4efd\uff1e\u20181802\u2019\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u5c06\u4f1a\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u4f55\u79cd\u6837\u8c8c\uff1f\u8fd8\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u5176\u4ed6\u201c\u547d\u4e2d\u9879\u201d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bfc\u5411\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8bc6\u522b\uff08\u5982\u201c\u8ba4\u77e5\u201d\u201c\u5fc3\u7406\u201d\u201c\u7ed3\u6784\u201d\u201c\u6743\u529b\u201d\u7684\u8bc6\u522b\uff09\uff1f[56]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u88ab\u89e3\u8bfb\u4e3a\u5bf9\u5386\u53f2\u4e3b\u4e49\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u620f\u4eff\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4f7f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e7d\u9ed8\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u539f\u56e0\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u6863\u6848\u548c\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\u68c0\u7d22\u5df2\u7ecf\u6df1\u523b\u5730\u4ecb\u5165\u5e76\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u6784\u5efa\u90e8\u5206\u4e0e\u6574\u4f53\u3001\u6587\u672c\u4e0e\u8bed\u5883\u4e4b\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5bf9\u66f4\u591a\u8bc1\u636e\u7684\u83b7\u53d6\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bc1\u636e\u5b9e\u73b0\u66f4\u52a0\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u68c0\u7d22\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u8feb\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u91cd\u65b0\u9762\u5bf9\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u6982\u62ec\u6a21\u5f0f\u2014\u2014\u90a3\u4e9b\u6f5c\u85cf\u5728\u5355\u4e2a\u4f5c\u54c1\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u4ee5\u53ca\u90a3\u4e9b\u7ecf\u7531\u6863\u6848\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u800c\u5f97\u4ee5\u66f4\u65b0\uff08\u6216\u5f97\u4ee5\u53ef\u80fd\uff09\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u2014\u2014\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5bf9\u6297\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bf9\u6297\u7531\u6765\u5df2\u4e45\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e0e\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8868\u683c\uff08numerical table\uff09\u3001\u8bcd\u6c47\u7d22\u5f15\uff08concordance\uff09\u548c\u5927\u578b\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\uff08mainframe computer\uff09\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b0\u8fd1\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u5c06\u5982\u4f55\u88ab\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bf9\u6297\u663e\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u6fc0\u70c8\u3002\u5bf9\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5ffd\u89c6\u6211\u4eec\u4e3a\u201c\u5efa\u6784\u8d28\u91cf\u201d\u6240\u638c\u63e1\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d8\u5f97\u8d8a\u53d1\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u901a\u8fc7\u7ec6\u8bfb\u6848\u4f8b\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u542f\u793a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ec5\u4ec5\u4f9d\u9760\u8fd9\u4e00\u5b9e\u8df5\u65e0\u6cd5\u83b7\u53d6\u76f8\u5173\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u8bed\u5883\u548c\u5c3a\u5ea6\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u9700\u8981\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6b64\u5904\u8bf4\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u5f53\u66f4\u52a0\u5173\u6ce8\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u6452\u5f03\u90a3\u4e9b\u542f\u793a\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u628a\u89e3\u8bfb\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u8f6c\u4ea4\u7ed9\u5c3a\u5ea6\u672c\u8eab\u4ee5\u53ca\u90a3\u4e9b\u4f7f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u53d8\u5f97\u53ef\u77e5\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u6240\u8bba\u8bc1\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u591a\u65b9\u6570\u636e\u548c\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7f29\u5c0f\u8bc1\u636e\u7f3a\u53e3\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c6\u4e3a\u662f\u5728\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5efa\u6784\u6216\u6a21\u62df\u90e8\u5206\u4e0e\u6574\u4f53\u4e4b\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u672c\u8eab\u53d8\u5316\u65e0\u5e38\u3001\u591a\u79cd\u591a\u6837\uff0c\u4f46\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u90fd\u8981\u53d7\u5236\u4e8e\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8981\u8fa8\u522b\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u8fa8\u522b\u51fa\u8d2f\u7a7f\u5728\u6848\u4f8b\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u975e\u6848\u4f8b\u7814\u7a76\u4e4b\u4e2d\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\u3002\u6211\u5df2\u7ecf\u901a\u8fc7\u9009\u62e9\u548c\u62bd\u6837\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u5957\u8bed\u8a00\u5c06\u201c\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u201d\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u4e86\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8981\u7d20\u3002\u8fd9\u5957\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5728\u5176\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u6216\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u8bed\u57df\uff08register\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u5176\u66f4\u5177\u4eba\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u53d8\u4f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u90fd\u5c06\u9488\u5bf9\u666e\u904d\u6027\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\uff08\u5373\u6211\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u5bf9\u5f85\u66f4\u5927\u6574\u4f53\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u6216\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u5bf9\u7acb\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u591a\u6837\u6027\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u7f16\u7801\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0c\u6587\u5b66\u53f2\u5bb6\u90fd\u5728\u88ab\u8feb\u5904\u7406\u66f4\u5927\u4f53\u91cf\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bc1\u636e\u7684\u7247\u9762\u6027\u548c\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e3a\u4eba\u6240\u77e5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u5b66\u4f1a\u8fd9\u5957\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5c06\u4e4b\u8fd0\u7528\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8981\u5229\u7528\u5185\u5bb9\u5206\u6790\uff08content analysis\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u57fa\u4e8e\u51c6\u5219\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd9\u81ea\u7136\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5c31\u5982\u4f55\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u4f55\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u62bd\u6837\u5f15\u53d1\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u8fa9\u8bba\u548c\u534f\u5546\uff0c\u5373\u5982\u4f55\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u4f55\u65f6\u6784\u5efa\u5916\u5728\u4e8e\u4e14\u8d85\u8d8a\u5355\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u3002[57]\u7531\u4e8e\u5b83\u7275\u6d89\u5230\u8fd9\u79cd\u534f\u5546\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u8981\u6c42\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4eec\u5728\u9762\u5bf9\u5386\u53f2\u9057\u7559\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u4e00\u5806\u53c8\u4e00\u5806\u6863\u6848\u788e\u7247\u65f6\uff0c\u8981\u660e\u786e\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6837\u672c\u7684\u201c\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u201d\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u6709\u4eba\u6e34\u671b\u64ac\u5f00\u90a3\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u6027\u5224\u65ad\u7ecf\u5e38\u64cd\u63a7\u7684\u9ed1\u5323\u5b50\uff0c\u5c31\u5e94\u5f53\u662f\u503c\u5f97\u6b22\u8fce\u7684\u3002\u518d\u6b21\u91cd\u7533\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u6863\u6848\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u5b83\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u91cd\u65b0\u601d\u8003\u5355\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\u7684\u591a\u91cd\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u601d\u8003\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8fd9\u79cd\u591a\u91cd\u6027\u6295\u5c04\u5230\u66f4\u5927\u5173\u7cfb\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e2d\u7684\u79bb\u6563\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff08discrete dimension\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u6587\u672c\u89e3\u8bfb\u5c06\u6ce8\u5b9a\u83b7\u5f97\uff08\u548c\u5931\u53bb\uff09\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\">\uff08\u7f16\u8f91\uff1a\u59dc\u6587\u6d9b\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\"><strong>\u6ce8\u91ca\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u672c\u6587\u8bd1\u81ea Hoyt Long, <em>The Values in Numbers: Reading Japanese Literature in a Global Information Age<\/em>, New York: Columbia University Press, 2021, Chapter 2 \u201cArchive and Sample,\u201d pp. 69-127\u3002 \u6b64\u7ae0\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5df2\u7ecf\u4ee5\u300a\u6863\u6848\u4e0e\u6837\u672c\u2014\u2014\u4ee5\u65e5\u672c\u9752\u7a7a\u6587\u5e93\u548c\u65e5\u672c\u73b0\u4ee3\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e4b\u5173\u7cfb\u4e3a\u4f8b\u300b\u4e3a\u9898\u53d1\u8868\u4e8e\u300a\u5c71\u4e1c\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u300b2021\u5e74\u7b2c11\u671f\uff0c\u7b2c50\u201458\u9875\u3002\u611f\u8c22\u672c\u4e66\u4f5c\u8005\u548c\u8bd1\u8005\u6388\u4e88\u4e2d\u6587\u7248\u6743\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[1]\u9752\u7a7a\u6587\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u590d\u9879\u5927\u591a\u662f\u4ee5\u539f\u521d\u7684\u6216\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u6b63\u5b57\u6cd5\u683c\u5f0f\u8f6c\u5f55\u6587\u672c\u9020\u6210\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f5c\u54c1\u4f1a\u6709\u65e7\u4f53\u5047\u540d\u548c\u65b0\u4f53\u5047\u540d\u4e24\u79cd\u7248\u672c\uff09\u3002\u672c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6240\u7528\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u4f5c\u54c1\u90fd\u662f\u5229\u7528\u9752\u7a7a\u6587\u5e93\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7d22\u5f15\u4ece\u9752\u7a7a\u6587\u5e93\u7f51\u7ad9(https:\/\/www.aozora.gr.jp\/\uff09\u4e0a\u63d0\u53d6\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u3002\u6709\u5173\u7528\u4e8e\u83b7\u53d6\u6587\u672c\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u6211\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5149\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f5c\u54c1\u5236\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6613\u4e8e\u68c0\u7d22\u7684\u7248\u672c\u3002\u53ef\u70b9\u51fb\uff1ahttps:\/\/artflsrv03.uchicago.edu\/philologic4\/aozora\/\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[2]\u5e73\u5747\u6570\uff08average\uff09\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u662f\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7ec6\u5206\u4e3a\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\uff08median\uff09\u548c\u4f17\u6570\uff08mode\uff09\u4e24\u79cd\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u2014\u2014\u8bd1\u6ce8<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[3]\u5728\u4e24\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u90fd\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u7b51\u6469\u4e66\u623f\u7684\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u786e\u4fdd\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u53ef\u6bd4\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[4]\u4e2d\u6751\u5149\u592b\u5728\u300a\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u8fd1\u4ee3\u5c0f\u8bf4\u300b\uff081961\uff09\u4e2d\u5c31\u66fe\u63d0\u51fa\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8457\u540d\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u6b64\u8109\u7edc\u4e0a\u5217\u4e3e\u51fa\u4e86\u6c38\u4e95\u8377\u98ce\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u8bba\u65ad\u3002\u4e54\u7eb3\u68ee\u00b7\u8328\u7ef4\u514b\uff08Jonathan Zwicker\uff09\u66fe\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u89c1Jonathan Zwicker, <em>Practices of the Sentimental Imagination: Melodrama, the Novel, and the Social Imaginary in Nineteenth-Century Japan, <\/em>Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Asia Center, 2006, pp. 29-30\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[5]See Zwicker, <em>Practices of the Sentimental Imagination<\/em>, chap. 3; Indra Levy, <em>Sirens of the Western Shore: The Westernesque Femme Fatale, Translation, and Vernacular Style in Modern Japanese Literature<\/em>, New York: Columbia University Press, 2006; Karen Thornber, <em>Empire of Texts in Motion: Chinese, Korean, and Taiwanese Transculturations of Japanese Literature<\/em>, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Asia Center, 2009.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[6]\u5728\u65e5\u8bed\u4e2d\u7684\u56fa\u5b9a\u540d\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5186\u672c\uff08\u3048\u3093\u307d\u3093\uff09\u201d\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u4e3a\u201c1\u65e5\u51431\u672c\u201d\u3002\u2014\u2014\u8bd1\u6ce8<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[7]Akikusa Shunichir\u014d, \u201cJutsugo Toshite No &#8216;Sekai Bungaku&#8217;: 1895-2016,\u201d<em>Bungaku<\/em>, vol. 17, no. 5, September 2016, p. 10.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[8]\u6709\u5173\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9009\u62e9\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u53c2\u89c1\uff1aBrian Dowdle, \u201cWhy Saikaku Was Memorable but Bakin Was Unforgettable,\u201d <em>Journal of Japanese Studies<\/em>, vol. 42, no. 1, Winter 2016, pp. 106-109; Ishii Jun, \u201c1910 Nendai Ni Okeru Toshokan Sentei Jigy\u014d\u2014<em>Toshokan Hy\u014djun Mokuroku<\/em> O Ch\u016bshin Ni,\u201d<em>Toshokan to Shuppan Bunka<\/em>, Yayoshi Mitsunaga Sensei Kiju Kinenkai, 1977, pp. 55-68; Akikusa, \u201cJutsugo Toshite No &#8216;Sekai Bungaku&#8217;: 1895-2016,\u201d pp. 7-9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[9]Mary Hammond, <em>Reading, Publishing, and the Formation of Literary Taste in England, 1880\u20131914<\/em>, Aldershot, UK: Ashgate, 2006, p. 94.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[10]Hammond, <em>Reading, Publishing, and the Formation of Literary Taste<\/em>, pp. 91-92.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[11]\u8fd9\u5219\u5e7f\u544a\u7684\u5f71\u5370\u4ef6\u53ef\u53c2\u89c1\uff1aObi Toshito, <em>Shuppan to shakai<\/em>, Genki Shob\u014d, 2007, pp. 198-199\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[12]\u4eba\u4eba\u6587\u5e93\u7684\u56fe\u4e66\u5217\u8868\u53ef\u67e5\u770b\uff1aA. J. Hopp\u00e9, <em>The Reader&#8217;s Guide to Everyman&#8217;s Library<\/em>, London: Dent, 1960\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[13]Obi, <em>Shuppan to shakai<\/em>, pp. 195, 198-199.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[14]Hammond, <em>Reading, Publishing, and the Formation of Literary Taste<\/em>, pp. 106-107.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[15]\u8fd9\u4e2a\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4ea4\u53c9\u5f15\u7528\u56fe\u4e66\u548c\u4e0b\u6587\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u5927\u6b63\u548c\u662d\u548c\u65f6\u4ee3\u6587\u5b66\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u7d22\u5f15\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[16]Obi, <em>Shuppan to shakai<\/em>, pp. 201-202.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[17]See David Damrosch, <em>What Is World Literature?<\/em>, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2003; Gisel\u00e8 Sapiro,\u201cGlobalization and Cultural Diversity in the Book Market: The Case of Literary Translations in the US and in France,\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Poetics<\/em>, vol. 38, January 2010, pp. 419-439; Priya Joshi, <em>In Another Country: Colonialism, Culture, and the English Novel in India<\/em>, New York: Columbia University Press, 2002; B. Venkat Mani, <em>Recoding World Literature: Libraries, Print Culture, and Germany&#8217;s Pact with Books<\/em>, New York: Fordham University Press, 2017.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[18]\u201cMeiji-ki hon&#8217;yaku bungaku s\u014dg\u014d nenpy\u014d,\u201d<em>Meiji hon&#8217;yaku bungaku zensh\u016b<\/em>, ed. Kawato Michiaki et al., \u014dzorasha,vol. 5, 2001. \u53d7\u9650\u4e8e\u8fd0\u884cOCR\u65f6\u9047\u5230\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6761\u76ee\u53ea\u6293\u53d6\u5230\u4e86\u51fa\u7248\u5e74\u4efd\u548c\u521d\u59cb\u8bed\u8a00\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[19]<em>Meiji<\/em>\u00b7<em>Taish\u014d<\/em>\u00b7<em>Sh\u014dwa hon&#8217;yaku bungaku mokuroku<\/em>, ed. Kokuritsu Kokkai Toshokan, Kazama Shob\u014d, 1959.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[20]\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5916\u56fd\u6587\u5b66\u5982\u4f55\u7ecf\u7531\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u8bd7\u6b4c\u6742\u5fd7\u5b9e\u73b0\u6d41\u8f6c\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u89c1Hoyt Long, \u201cFog and Steel: Mapping Communities of Literary Translation in an Information Age,\u201d<em>Journal of Japanese Studies<\/em>, vol. 41, no. 2, Summer 2015, pp. 281-316\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[21]\u51fa\u7248\u6570\u636e\u6765\u81ea\u300a\u51fa\u7248\u5e74\u9274\u300b\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4efd\u5e74\u5ea6\u4ea4\u6613\u520a\u7269\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u91cd\u65b0\u53d1\u5e03\u653f\u5e9c\u5173\u4e8e\u51fa\u7248\u8d8b\u52bf\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u636e\u3002\u622a\u53d6\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u6bb5\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u9879\u7edf\u8ba1\u76f4\u52301881\u5e74\u624d\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u800c1943\u20141949\u5e74\u95f4\u6ca1\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002\u5728\u7406\u60f3\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u6839\u636e\u5206\u6563\u7684\u6210\u5377\u56fe\u4e66\u8ba1\u7b97\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6839\u636e\u5355\u4e2a\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5927\u6b63\/\u662d\u548c\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u5143\u6570\u636e\u65e0\u6cd5\u805a\u5408\u5230\u6210\u5377\u7684\u7ea7\u522b\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u660e\u6cbb\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5bf9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u53c2\u89c1\uff1aJames Hadley, \u201cThe Beginnings of Literary Translation in Japan: An Overview,\u201d<em>Perspectives: Studies in Translation Theory and Practice<\/em>, vol. 26, no. 4, 2018, pp. 560-575\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[22]\u5728\u4e00\u9879\u6700\u65e9\u6709\u6570\u636e\u652f\u6491\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u592a\u7530\u4e09\u90ce\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u7ec4\u6839\u636e\u4e0a\u91ce\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u548c\u65e5\u672c\u7b14\u4f1a\u7684\u5361\u7247\u76ee\u5f55\u8bb0\u5f55\u7f16\u7e82\u7684\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u4f4e\u8ff7\u671f\u3002\u4ed6\u8fd8\u53d1\u73b0\u539f\u521b\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u51fa\u7248\u7387\u5e76\u6ca1\u51fa\u73b0\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u9664\u201c\u5927\u9006\u4e8b\u4ef6\u201d\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u65e5\u4fc4\u6218\u4e89\u548c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u7206\u53d1\u5e94\u5f53\u4e5f\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f4e\u8ff7\u3002\u53c2\u89c1\uff1a\u014ctaSabur\u014d, \u201cHon&#8217;yaku bungaku,\u201d<em>Iwanami k\u014dza nihon bungaku-shi<\/em>, vol. 14, Iwanami Shoten, 1959, p. 21\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[23]John Galsworthy, <em>Sh\u016bto sono hoka<\/em>, trans. \u014ctani Gy\u014dseki, Dai Nihon Tosho, 1914. \u987a\u4fbf\u4e00\u63d0\uff0c\u5927\u8c37\u7ed5\u77f3\u57281909\u20141911\u5e74\u95f4\u66fe\u88ab\u65e5\u672c\u6587\u90e8\u7701\u6d3e\u5f80\u4f26\u6566\u7559\u5b66\uff0c\u5e08\u4ece\u5c0f\u6cc9\u516b\u4e91\uff08Lafcadio Hearn\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u57281920\u5e74\u4ee3\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5c0f\u6cc9\u516b\u4e91\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[24]\u7528\u66f4\u4e3a\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684\u672f\u8bed\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u663e\u8457\u7684p\u503c\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6709\u8bc1\u636e\u53ef\u4ee5\u62d2\u7edd\u96f6\u503c\u5047\u8bbe\uff1a\u7ebf\u6027\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u4e0e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b50\u6837\u672c\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u7cfb\u6570\u90fd\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0e\u6574\u4e2a\u6837\u672c\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u5e94\u5f53\u4e5f\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u5b9ap\u503c\uff0c\u8981\u5c06\u6bcf\u4e2a\u62df\u5408\u6a21\u578b\uff08\u6574\u4e2a\u6837\u672c\u548c\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6837\u672c\uff09\u7684\u6b8b\u5dee\u5e73\u65b9\u548c\u6c47\u603b\u5230\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5e76\u751f\u6210\u4e54\u6c0f\uff08Chow\uff09\u7edf\u8ba1\u91cf\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u6839\u636e\u53c2\u6570\u6570\u91cf\u548c\u6837\u672c\u89c4\u6a21\u5c06\u5176\u4e0eF\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u68c0\u9a8c\u7edf\u8ba1\u91cf\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[25]\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c2018\u5e74\u4fee\u8ba2\u7684\u7248\u6743\u6cd5\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u6062\u590d1968\u5e74\u4ee5\u524d\u53bb\u4e16\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u7248\u6743\u3002\u5b83\u53ea\u662f\u5c061968\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\u53bb\u4e16\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u7248\u6743\u5ef6\u957f\u5230\u4e8670\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[26]Edward Mack, <em>Manufacturing Modern Japanese Literature: Publishing, Prizes, and the Ascription of <\/em><em>Literary Value<\/em>, Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2010, p. 112.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[27]\u6709\u5173\u8fd9\u5957\u9009\u96c6\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u8be6\u89c1\uff1aWada Yoshie, <em>Chikuma shob\u014d no sanj\u016bnen 1940-1970<\/em>, Chikuma Shob\u014d, 2011, pp. 237-243\uff1bOnoue Yukio, <em>Shuppan gy\u014dkai<\/em>, Tokyo: Ky\u014dikusha shinsho, 1991, pp. 180-182\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[28]Nakamura Mitsuo, \u201cLiterature Under the Occupation,\u201d trans. Atsuko Ueda, <em>Politics and Literature Debate in Postwar Japanese Criticism 1945-1952<\/em>, ed. Atsuko Ueda et al., Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2017, p. 258.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[29]John Guillory, <em>Cultural Capital: Problem of Literary Canon Formation<\/em>, Chicago: University Of Chicago Press, 1994, p. 30.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[30]\u8f6c\u5f15\u81eaMack, <em>Manufacturing Modern Japanese Literature<\/em>, pp. 97-98\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[31]\u658b\u85e4\u7f8e\u5948\u5b50\u6307\u51fa\uff0c1950\u5e74\u7684\u300a\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u6cd5\u300b\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u65b0\u578b\u516c\u5171\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u7684\u5efa\u8bbe\uff0c\u800c1954\u5e74\u7684\u300a\u5b66\u6821\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u6cd5\u300b\u89c4\u5b9a\u6bcf\u4e00\u6240\u4e2d\u5c0f\u5b66\u90fd\u8981\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\uff0c\u8fd9\u5927\u5927\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u5bf9\u53c2\u8003\u56fe\u4e66\u548c\u9009\u96c6\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002Sait\u014d Mineko, \u201cNihon Hungaku Zensh\u016b to Sono Jidai (J\u014d): Zensh\u016b Ga Shuppan Bunka O Riido Shita Koro,\u201d<em>Bungei<\/em>, vol. 54, no. 1, 2015, p. 44.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[32]Mack, <em>Manufacturing Modern Japanese Literature<\/em>, pp. 94-95.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[33]\u5b8c\u6574\u8bb0\u5f55\u89c1Hashimoto Motome, <em>Nihon shuppan hanbai-shi<\/em>, Tokyo: K\u014ddansha, 1964, pp. 366-376\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[34]\u5f53\u6d89\u53ca\u4f5c\u5bb6\u9009\u96c6\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u65e5\u5916\u7d22\u5f15\u5c31\u663e\u5f97\u4e0d\u90a3\u4e48\u5168\u9762\u4e86\uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u6536\u5f55\u4e86\u6865\u672c\u5217\u51fa\u768424\u5957\u9009\u96c6\u4e2d\u76844\u5957\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7d22\u5f15\u8fd8\u6536\u5f55\u4e86\u51e0\u5957\u6865\u672c\u6ca1\u6709\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u4f5c\u5bb6\u9009\u96c6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[35]Takashima Kenichir\u014d\u201c, Kadokawa Shoten Sh\u014dwa Bungaku Zensh\u016b No Hanbai Senryaku-sengo Zensh\u016bbon B\u016bmu to Bungaku J\u014dky\u014d O Megutte (1),\u201d<em>Kindai bungaku kenky\u016b<\/em>, vol. 21, 2004, p.1. \u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7eb8\u5f20\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u662f\u63a8\u52a8\u5168\u96c6\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u653f\u5e9c\u53d6\u6d88\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u9650\u5236\u540e\uff0c\u7eb8\u5f20\u751f\u4ea7\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u3001\u66f4\u4fbf\u5b9c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[36]Sait\u014d Mineko, \u201cNihon Bungaku Zensh\u016b to Sono Jidai (ge): Kongon No Rokuj\u016b Nendai Kara Zensh\u016b Baburu No H\u014dkai Made,\u201d<em>Bungei<\/em>, vol. 54, no. 2, 2015, pp. 350-353.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[37]\u4f5c\u8005\u6807\u7b7e\u53d6\u81ea\u65b0\u6f6e\u793e\u7684\u300a\u65e5\u672c\u6587\u5b66\u8f9e\u5178\u300b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u9002\u5e94\u4e8e\u65e5\u5916\u7d22\u5f15\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u3002\u9488\u5bf9\u4e0d\u5728\u8f9e\u5178\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u4ee5\u53ca\u65e5\u5916\u7d22\u5f15\u4e2d\u670910\u4e2a\u6216\u66f4\u591a\u6761\u76ee\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\uff0c\u6211\u91c7\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\uff09\u81ea\u884c\u624b\u52a8\u6807\u6ce8\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4ece\u4e8b\u591a\u79cd\u6587\u7c7b\u521b\u4f5c\u7684\u4f1f\u5927\u4f5c\u5bb6\uff08\u5982\u5ca9\u91ce\u6ce1\u9e23\u3001\u5bab\u6cfd\u8d24\u6cbb\u3001\u957f\u51a2\u8282\u3001\u4f50\u85e4\u6625\u592b\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4f5c\u54c1\u90fd\u662f\u624b\u52a8\u6807\u6ce8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[38]\u5bf9\u4e8e\u591a\u4ea7\u7684\u8bd7\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u590d\u6742\u5316\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u5254\u9664\u4e86\u90a3\u4e9b\u4ec5\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u6536\u5f55\u8bd7\u6b4c\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u6027\u9009\u96c6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[39]Takashima, \u201cKadokawa Shoten <em>Sh\u014dwa Bungaku Zensh\u016b <\/em>No Hanbai Senryaku,\u201d p. 4. \u5bf9\u300a\u91ce\u706b\u300b\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6587\u672c\u957f\u5ea6\u5f53\u7136\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9650\u5236\u6027\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u6309\u7167\u7edd\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\u6765\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u662f\u88ab\u9009\u5f55\u6700\u591a\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002\u5fd7\u8d3a\u76f4\u54c9\u7684\u53f2\u8bd7\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u6697\u591c\u884c\u8def\u300b\u5728\u88ab\u9009\u5f55\u6700\u591a\u6392\u540d\u4e2d\u4f4d\u5217\u7b2c\u4e94\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[40]\u5f00\u59cb\u6b64\u9879\u8c03\u67e5\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u662f\u201c\u65e5\u672c\u7b14\u4f1a\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u56fd\u6027\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u534f\u4f1a\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4f5c\u5bb6\u548c\u8bd7\u4eba\u5728\u6218\u540e\u90fd\u52a0\u5165\u5176\u4e2d\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4efd1979\u5e74\u516c\u5e03\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u540d\u518c\u4e2d\u603b\u5171\u67091,109\u540d\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d13.6%\u662f\u5973\u6027\u3002\u8be5\u540d\u518c\u6765\u81eaIwaya Daishi, <em>Nihon Bungeika Ky\u014dkai goj\u016bnenshi<\/em>, Tokyo: Nihon Bungei Ky\u014dkai, 1979\u3002\u6839\u636e\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u5b9a\u91cf\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u591a\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u4f5c\u5bb6\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u6bd4\u4f8b\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u53c2\u89c1\uff1aTed Underwood, David Bamman, and Sabrina Lee, \u201cThe Transformation of Gender in English-Language Fiction,\u201d<em>Journal of Cultural Analytics<\/em>, February 2018,https:\/\/people.ischool.berkeley.edu\/~dbamman\/pubs\/pdf\/ca2018.pdf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[41]\u201c\u8fc7\u91c7\u6837\u201d\uff08oversampling\uff09\u662f\u4fe1\u53f7\u5904\u7406\u9886\u57df\u7684\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u7528\u8fdc\u8fdc\u9ad8\u4e8e\u4fe1\u53f7\u5e26\u5bbd\u7684\u9891\u7387\u5bf9\u4fe1\u53f7\u8fdb\u884c\u91c7\u6837\u3002\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u610f\u6307\u63d0\u9ad8\u53d7\u5f71\u54cd\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u6587\u672c\u91c7\u6837\u9891\u7387\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u62b5\u6d88\u5176\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u9009\u5f55\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u5ffd\u7565\u4e43\u81f3\u62b9\u6d88\u3002\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u5bf9\u7684\u53cd\u5411\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u6b20\u91c7\u6837\u201d\uff08undersampling\uff09\u3002\u2014\u2014\u8bd1\u6ce8<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[42]\u82cf\u771f\u3001\u6731\u8fdc\u9a8b\u548c\u6211\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5f53\u5b83\u4eec\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u79cd\u65cf\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\u3002Richard So, Hoyt Long, and Yuancheng Zhu, \u201cRace, Writing, and Computation: Racial Difference and the US Novel, 1880-2000,\u201d<em>Journal of Cultural Analytics<\/em>, January 12, 2018, https:\/\/culturalanalytics.org\/article\/11057.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[43]\u5728\u4e00\u4efd\u7531\u9752\u7a7a\u6587\u5e93\u6536\u96c6\u7684\u5305\u62ec1,014\u4f4d\u7248\u6743\u5df2\u89e3\u7981\u4f5c\u5bb6\u7684\u540d\u5355\u4e2d\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u4f5c\u5bb6\u5360\u6bd4\u4ec5\u7565\u9ad8\u4e8e5%\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[44]Anno Izumi, Nichigai Asoshie\u00cc-tsu, <em>Ky\u014dkasho keisai sakuhin 13000: yonde okitai meich\u014dannai<\/em>, Nichigai Asoshie\u00cc-tsu, 2008.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[45]\u6709\u5173\u6587\u5b66\u53f2\u4e0e\u4e2d\u5b66\u56fd\u8bed\u6559\u80b2\u53ca\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u7684\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u53c2\u89c1\uff1aKen K. Ito, \u201cReading <em>Kokoro<\/em> in the High School Textbook,\u201d paper presented at S\u014dseki&#8217;s Diversity: A Workshop, University of California, Berkeley, CA, May 2015\uff1bIshihara Chiaki, <em>Kokugo Ky\u014dkasho No Shis\u014d<\/em>, Chikuma Shob\u014d, 2005\uff1bSano Miki, \u201c<em>Sangetsuki\u201d Wa <\/em><em>Naze Kokumin Ky\u014dzai to Natta No Ka<\/em>, Taish\u016bkan Shoten, 2013\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[46]\u300a\u821e\u59ec\u300b\u5728\u9ad8\u4e2d\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u6700\u591a\u65f6\u662f\u57281985\u5e74\uff0c\u5360\u5230\u4e8625%\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u4fbf\u5f00\u59cb\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u9700\u8981\u8bb0\u4f4f\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4e00\u70b9\u662f\uff0c\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u5206\u4e3a\u5f88\u591a\u4e2a\u5e74\u7ea7\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5e74\u7ea7\u90fd\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u6587\u672c\u3002\u6b64\u8868\u683c\u4e2d\u7684\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\u5448\u73b0\u7684\u662f\u6240\u6709\u5e74\u7ea7\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u7684\u603b\u4f53\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u300a\u5c71\u6708\u8bb0\u300b\u5728\u6218\u540e\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u5316\uff0c\u53c2\u89c1Sano, \u201c<em>Sangetsuki<\/em>\u201d<em>Wa Naze Kokumin Ky\u014dzai to <\/em><em>Natta No Ka<\/em>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[47]\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fbf\u4e8e\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u6211\u5c06\u5916\u56fd\u4f5c\u5bb6\u548c\u524d\u73b0\u4ee3\u4f5c\u5bb6\u90fd\u6392\u9664\u5728\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u540d\u5355\u4e4b\u5916\u3002\u4f46\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7d2b\u5f0f\u90e8\u3001\u683c\u6797\u5144\u5f1f\u3001\u57c3\u5fb7\u52a0\u00b7\u7231\u4f26\u00b7\u5761\u3001\u4e9a\u745f\u00b7\u67ef\u5357\u00b7\u9053\u5c14\u90fd\u5728\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u6b21\u6570\u6700\u591a\u7684\u524d20\u540d\u540d\u5355\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[48]\u5728\u9009\u62e9\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u636e\u7528\u6765\u5bf9\u5217\u8868\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u8fdb\u884c\u8861\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u786e\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5ba2\u89c2\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u6392\u540d\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5217\u8868\u662f\u5426\u662f\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u5ba2\u89c2\u771f\u5b9e\u6392\u540d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u7531\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u5236\u4f5c\u800c\u6210\u3002\u5728\u6b64\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u662f\u540e\u4e00\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u6211\u60f3\u8861\u91cf\u5404\u79cd\u89c2\u5bdf\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5339\u914d\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5404\u4e2a\u6392\u540d\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u5426\u6709\u5173\u8054\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7684\u786e\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4fee\u6539\u8c03\u8bd5\u540e\u7684\u80af\u5fb7\u5c14\u7b49\u7ea7\u76f8\u5173\u7cfb\u6570\uff0c\u53c2\u89c1Juli\u00e1n Urbano\u548cM\u00f3nica Marrero\u6240\u505a\u7684\u7814\u7a76, \u201cThe Treatment of Ties in AP Correlation,\u201d<em>ICTIR<\/em>, vol. 17, Proceedings of the ACM SIGIR International Conference on Theory of Information Retrieval, October 2017, pp. 321-324\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u66f4\u613f\u610f\u7ed9\u4e88\u90a3\u4e9b\u699c\u9996\u6392\u540d\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5339\u914d\u7a0b\u5ea6\u66f4\u591a\u6743\u91cd\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5bf9\u5168\u90e8\u6392\u540d\u4e00\u89c6\u540c\u4ec1\u3002\u5bf9\u6b64\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528AP\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u7edf\u8ba1\u52a0\u4ee5\u8861\u91cf\u3002\u6211\u5728\u6b64\u5e76\u4e0d\u504f\u7231\u6392\u540d\u9760\u524d\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[49]\u6211\u91c7\u7528\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5206\u754c\u70b9\u6216\u8bb8\u6709\u4e9b\u6b66\u65ad\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e5f\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u9650\u5236\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u8ba4\u6bcf\u4e00\u90e8\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u9996\u6b21\u51fa\u7248\u65e5\u671f\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u9700\u8981\u7279\u522b\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u9996\u6b21\u51fa\u7248\u65e5\u671f\u5e76\u4e0d\u603b\u662f\u4e0e\u9752\u7a7a\u6587\u5e93\u4e2d\u6536\u5f55\u7684\u7248\u672c\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u6587\u5e93\u7684\u5fd7\u613f\u8005\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u66f4\u613f\u610f\u9009\u7528\u9009\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6700\u65e9\u51fa\u7248\u6216\u6700\u65e9\u8fde\u8f7d\u7684\u6587\u672c\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bf9\u9009\u96c6\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u548c\u7701\u7565\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u4e0e\u89c4\u6a21\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5f85\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[50]\u5173\u4e8e\u201c\u5916\u90e8\u754c\u9650\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de8\u5927\u6837\u672c\u7684\u201c\u5173\u7cfb\u63a8\u7406\u6a21\u5f0f\u201d\uff0c\u53c2\u89c1\uff1aTed Underwood, <em>Distant Horizons: <\/em><em>Digital Evidence and Literary Change, <\/em>Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2019, pp. 176-178\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[51]\u672c\u4e66\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u672c\u90fd\u5229\u7528MeCab\u6807\u8bb0\u5668\u548cUNIDIC\u8bcd\u5178\u505a\u4e86\u8bcd\u6027\u5207\u5206\u548c\u8bcd\u6027\u6807\u8bb0\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u8fdb\u884c\u5f62\u6001\u5206\u6790\u3002UNIDIC\u8bcd\u5178\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u65e5\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u81ea\u52a8\u8bcd\u6cd5\u5206\u6790\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u6c34\u51c6\uff0c\u5b83\u7531\u65e5\u672c\u56fd\u7acb\u56fd\u8bed\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u5bb6\u6240\u5f00\u53d1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[52]\u8fd9\u4e2a\u77ed\u8bed\u501f\u81ea\u5fb7\u7f57\u897f\u57c3\uff0c\u4ed6\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u968f\u7740\u5404\u79cd\u7edf\u8ba1\u6d41\u6d3e\u4e2d\u62bd\u6837\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u548c\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5982\u4f55\u5e2e\u52a9\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u201c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d34\u5207\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u201d\u4ee5\u53ca\u201c\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u53c2\u89c1\uff1aAlain Desrosi\u00e8res, <em>The Politics of Large Numbers: A History of Statistical Reasoning<\/em>, trans. Camille Naish, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998, p. 234\u3002\u6574\u4f53\u7ecf\u7531\u6982\u5ff5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53d8\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u7ecf\u8fc7\u96c6\u4f53\u534f\u5546\u4e00\u6837\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[53]Josephine Miles, <em>Major Adjectives in English Poetry: From Wyatt to Auden<\/em>, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1946, pp. 306-308.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[54]\u4ece\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u548c\u4f26\u7406\u89d2\u5ea6\u5bf9\u6bd4\u8f83\u8fdb\u884c\u6279\u8bc4\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u53c2\u89c1\uff1aNatalie Melas, \u201cMerely Comparative,\u201d<em>PMLA<\/em>, vol. 128, no. 3, May 2013, pp. 652-659\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[55]Stanley Fish, \u201cWhat Is Stylistics and Why Are They Saying Such Terrible Things About It?,\u201d<em>Is There a Text in This Class?: The Authority of Interpretive Communities<\/em>, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1980, p. 134.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[56]Alan Liu, <em>Local Transcendence: Essays on Postmodern Historicism and the Database<\/em>, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2008, pp. 259-260.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[57]\u5148\u524d\u5f15\u7528\u7684Bode\u3001Piper\u4ee5\u53caUnderwood\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u5c06\u62bd\u6837\u4f5c\u4e3a\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u548c\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u5b9e\u8df5\u65f6\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u6700\u5178\u578b\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u3002<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u7f8e\u56fd\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5927\u5b66\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7cfb\u970d\u4f0a\u7279\u00b7\u6717\u6559\u6388\u4e3a\u672c\u520a\u7f16\u59d4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e8e2021\u5e74\u516d\u6708\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u51fa\u7248\u4e86The Values in Numbers: Reading Japanese Literature in a Global Information Age\u2026\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":16696,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[3271],"tags":[3919,29,3926,347],"class_list":["post-16671","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-3271","tag-3919","tag-29","tag-3926","tag-347"],"blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":6}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16671","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16671"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16671\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16766,"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16671\/revisions\/16766"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16696"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16671"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16671"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16671"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}