{"id":1737,"date":"2021-04-10T13:30:37","date_gmt":"2021-04-10T05:30:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/?p=1737"},"modified":"2024-04-04T01:21:53","modified_gmt":"2024-04-03T17:21:53","slug":"%e7%94%9f%e5%91%bd%e6%94%bf%e6%b2%bb%e4%b8%8e%e5%bd%a2%e5%bc%8f%e8%a1%a8%e8%be%be","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/site\/works\/dhjournal\/202003\/1737.html","title":{"rendered":"\u751f\u547d\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u5f62\u5f0f\u8868\u8fbe"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u4e39\u5c3c\u5c14\u00b7\u8096\u5c14\uff1b\u8f6c\u81ea\uff1a\u516c\u4f17\u53f7 DH\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8df5<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u4e39\u5c3c\u5c14\u00b7\u8096\u5c14 \/ \u7f8e\u4e54\u6cbb\u57ce\u5927\u5b66<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6c6a\u8605(\u8bd1) \/ \u81ea\u7531\u8bd1\u8005<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

————————————<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6458\u8981:<\/span><\/strong>\u8fd1\u6765\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u516c\u5171\u8bdd\u8bed\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c\u9ed1\u4eba\u7684\u547d\u4e5f\u662f\u547d\u201d(Black Lives Matter, BLM)\u53ca\u5176\u50ac\u751f\u51fa\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u751f\u547d\u653f\u6cbb\u8bdd\u8bed\u548c\u6807\u7b7e\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u3002\u8fd9\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u6d3b\u52a8\u8005\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u677f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u4eff\u4e86\u201cX\u7684\u547d\u4e5f\u662f\u547d\u201d\u7684\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u5f62\u5f0f\u8868\u8fbe\u3002\u672c\u6587\u901a\u8fc7\u5229\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u6536\u96c6\u4e86\u4e0a\u767e\u4e07\u8fd1\u671f\u62a5\u7eb8\u6587\u7ae0\u5927\u578b\u6570\u5b57\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u8fd0\u7528\u65b0\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5206\u6790\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u8bd5\u56fe\u56de\u7b54\u5982\u4e0b\u95ee\u9898:\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8868\u8ff0\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bed\u6cd5\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3a\u4f55\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u6d41\u884c\u8d77\u6765?\u201c\u9ed1\u4eba\u7684\u547d\u4e5f\u662f\u547d\u201d\u548c\u4e0e\u5176\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u5173\u7cfb?\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u65b0\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0e\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u8303\u5f0f\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u8fd0\u7528\u5728\u8bed\u4e49\u5171\u632f\u548c\u53e5\u6cd5\u5171\u632f\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u80fd\u5bf9\u8bed\u8a00\u8fdb\u884c\u8bed\u6cd5\u5206\u6790\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u8ffd\u8e2a\u6587\u5316\u8bdd\u8bed\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u51fa\u73b0\u548c\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u8f68\u8ff9\uff0c\u63a2\u7d22\u65b0\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5173\u952e\u8bcd:<\/span><\/strong>\u6570\u636e\u5e93 \u8bed\u4e49\u5171\u632f \u53e5\u6cd5 \u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406 \u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

————————————<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e3b\u6301\u4eba\u6309\u8bed:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u9ed1\u4eba\u7684\u547d\u4e5f\u662f\u547d\u201d\u662f\u8fc7\u53bb\u5341\u5e74\u4e2d\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u5176\u96c6\u4e2d\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u6d3b\u52a8\u8005\u52aa\u529b\u547c\u5401\u516c\u4f17\u5173\u6ce8\u7f8e\u56fd\u8b66\u5bdf\u5bf9\u9ed1\u4eba\u6ee5\u7528\u66b4\u529b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5bf9\u6b64\u8fdb\u884c\u6297\u8bae\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u201c\u8857\u5934\u201d\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u6297\u8bae\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u901a\u8fc7\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u663e\u8457\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u6807\u7b7e\u201d(Black Lives Matter)\u5728\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a\u5e7f\u4e3a\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u63a8\u7279(Twitter)\u3001\u8138\u4e66(Facebook)\u548c\u7167\u7247\u5899(Instagram)\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u9ed1\u4eba\u7684\u547d\u4e5f\u662f\u547d\u201d\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u516c\u4f17\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u5f97\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u610f\u6599\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u65e2\u50ac\u751f\u51fa\u5927\u91cf\u652f\u6301\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u6216\u6807\u7b7e\uff0c\u4e5f\u50ac\u751f\u51fa\u5927\u91cf\u53cd\u5bf9\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u6216\u6807\u7b7e\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u88d4\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u76f8\u4fe1\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u88ab\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\u5730\u5bf9\u5f85\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u6709\u4e86\u201c\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u7684\u547d\u4e5f\u662f\u547d\u201d(Muslim Lives Matter)\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6807\u7b7e\uff0c\u800c\u652f\u6301\u8b66\u5bdf\u7684\u4eba\u5219\u5171\u540c\u652f\u6301\u201c\u8b66\u5bdf\u7684\u547d\u4e5f\u662f\u547d\u201d(Blue Lives Matter)\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53e3\u53f7\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\u5728\u300a\u7f8e\u56fd\u73b0\u4ee3\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u4f1a\u4f1a\u520a\u300b(PMLA)\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u4e13\u520a\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e39\u5c3c\u5c14\u00b7\u8096\u5c14\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u300a\u201c\u9ed1\u4eba\u7684\u547d\u4e5f\u662f\u547d\u201d\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u300b\u3002\u6587\u7ae0\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u539f\u6765\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u201c\u9ed1\u4eba\u7684\u547d\u4e5f\u662f\u547d\u201d\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u6d3b\u52a8\u8005\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u677f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u4eff\u4e86\u201cX\u7684\u547d\u4e5f\u662f\u547d\u201d\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u91ccX\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee3\u8868\u4efb\u4f55\u6240\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u5728\u6b64\uff0c\u8096\u5c14\u4e3a\u8ba1\u7b97\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u4e24\u70b9\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u5176\u4e00\uff0c\u4ed6\u628a\u65b0\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u65b9\u6cd5\u8ddf\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u8303\u5f0f\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u4e86\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u8ddf\u96f7\u8499\u00b7\u5a01\u5ec9\u65af(Raymond Williams)\u7684\u201c\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u4e86\u3002\u65b0\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u6863\u6848\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u91cd\u65b0\u56de\u987e\u5a01\u5ec9\u65af\u7684\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5b83\u529b\u91cf\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\uff0c\u4e5f\u66f4\u51c6\u786e\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u626b\u63cf\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u6765(\u5373\u4f7f\u4e0d\u662f\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa)\u7684\u4e0a\u767e\u4e07\u7684\u6587\u6863\u3002\u8ffd\u8e2a\u201c\u9ed1\u4eba\u7684\u547d\u4e5f\u662f\u547d\u201d\u5728\u5a92\u4f53\u4e0a\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u8f68\u8ff9\u548c\u5b83\u8f6c\u5316\u3001\u7f6e\u6362\u6210\u5176\u5b83\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u8f68\u8ff9\uff0c\u8fd9\u8ddf\u5a01\u5ec9\u65af\u5bf9\u8ffd\u8e2a\u6587\u5316\u8bdd\u8bed\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u51fa\u73b0\u548c\u6f14\u5316\u8f68\u8ff9\u7684\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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(\u82cf\u771f) <\/p>\n\n\n\n

—————————————————————————————————————————————————————-<\/span>–<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2017\u5e741\u670820\u65e5\uff0c\u661f\u671f\u4e94\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7b2c\u56db\u5341\u4e94\u4efb\u603b\u7edf\u5c31\u804c\u5178\u793c\u8fd9\u5929\uff0c\u6211\u5728\u534e\u76db\u987f\u5e02\u533a\u8d70\u52a8\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u5e7f\u573a\u5317\u8fb9\uff0c\u62ff\u7740\u4e00\u5f20\u624b\u5236\u6807\u8bed\uff0c\u5199\u7740\u201c\u9ed1\u4eba\u7684\u547d\u4e5f\u662f\u547d\u201d(Black Lives Matter)\u3002\u4e00\u5929\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u5927\u6e38\u884c\u5c06\u8ba9\u8fd9\u5ea7\u57ce\u5e02\u5e02\u533a\u585e\u6ee1\u8eaf\u4f53\uff0c\u6e38\u884c\u3001\u6b4c\u5531\u3001\u53cd\u590d\u558a\u53e3\u53f7\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5c31\u804c\u5178\u793c\u5f53\u5929\uff0c\u8857\u9053\u9759\u5f97\u4e0d\u540c\u5bfb\u5e38\u3002\u80fd\u4f53\u4f1a\u5230\u5bf9\u66b4\u529b\u7684\u5f3a\u70c8\u6050\u60e7(\u5230\u5934\u6765\u8fd9\u5b8c\u5168\u6709\u9053\u7406)[1]<\/sup>\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6211\u77e5\u9053\u6211\u7684\u767d\u80a4\u8272\u53ef\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u662f\u975e\u767d\u4eba\u6297\u8bae\u8005\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7684;\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6b63\u56e0\u4e3a\u838e\u62c9\u00b7\u963f\u7c73\u5fb7(Sarah Ahmed)\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u8eab\u4f53\u8106\u5f31\u6027\u6781\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u201d\uff0c\u6211\u624d\u62ff\u7740\u201c\u9ed1\u4eba\u7684\u547d\u4e5f\u662f\u547d\u201d\u7684\u6807\u8bed\u3002\u8fd9\u51e0\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\u91cc\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e45\u6807\u8bed\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u4e00\u7fa4\u53c2\u4f1a\u8005\u4ee5\u201c\u80dc\u5229\u201d(Sieg Heil)\u7eb3\u7cb9\u793c\u62db\u547c\u6211\u5e76\u5927\u558a\u201c\u767d\u4eba\u529b\u91cf\u201d\u3002\u4e24\u540d\u7537\u5b50\u5728\u6211\u8eab\u540e\u8f6c\u60a0\uff0c\u671d\u6211\u8033\u4e2d\u4f4e\u8bed\u201c\u84dd\u8272\u7684\u547d\u4e5f\u662f\u547d\u201d(Blue Lives Matter)\u3002\u4f46\u6570\u5341\u540d\u53c2\u52a0\u5c31\u804c\u5178\u793c\u7684\u4eba\u53cd\u590d\u547c\u558a\u7684\u662f\u201c\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u7684\u547d\u90fd\u662f\u547d\u201d(All Lives Matter)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u90a3\u5929\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u6211\u7684\u201c\u9ed1\u4eba\u7684\u547d\u4e5f\u662f\u547d\u201d\u6807\u8bed\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u5f88\u96be\u8bf4\u72ec\u7279\u3002\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u8857\u5934\u6297\u8bae\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u3001\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u771f\u5b9e\u548c\u865a\u62df\u7a7a\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\u5728\u4e4b\u524d\u548c\u4e4b\u540e\u90fd\u9010\u6e10\u5c55\u73b0\u3002\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bdd\u8bed(utterance)\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u53ca\u4ee5\u5916\u5730\u533a\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6597\u4e89\u9886\u57df\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u5e45\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u3001\u9ad8\u5ea6\u95f4\u63a5\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u5730\u56fe\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5b83\u4eec\uff0c\u6d3e\u522b\u5f62\u6210\u4e14\u53d8\u5f97\u6e05\u695a\u3001\u53d8\u5f97\u771f\u5b9e\uff0c\u5bf9\u5f7c\u6b64\u548c\u81ea\u8eab\u7686\u7136\u3002\u7528\u8def\u6613\u00b7\u963f\u5c14\u90fd\u585e\u7684\u8457\u540d\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u5f53\u4e0b\u8868\u73b0\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u201c\u8df5\u884c\u4e86\u201d\u540c\u201c\u771f\u5b9e\u5b58\u5728\u6761\u4ef6\u201d\u7684\u201c\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u201d[2]<\/sup>\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6b64\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u90a3\u4e9b\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u65b0\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u5de5\u5177\u4f1a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5e2e\u6211\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bdd\u8bed\u5982\u4f55\u9010\u6e10\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u5f53\u4e0b\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u5176\u7279\u522b\u7684\u4f5c\u7528?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u6570\u5b57\u201c\u65b0\u95fb\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u201d(NOW Corpus)\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5305\u542b\u201c85\u4ebf\u4e2a\u8bcd\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u6765\u81ea2010\u5e74\u81f3\u4eca\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u62a5\u7eb8\u548c\u6742\u5fd7\u201d[3]<\/sup>\uff0c\u641c\u7d22\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u201c\u9ed1\u4eba\u7684\u547d\u4e5f\u662f\u547d\u201d\u5df2\u4ea7\u51fa\u6570\u767e\u540e\u4ee3\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u4ec5\u5206\u4eab\u5c11\u6570\u7cbe\u9009:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u767d\u4eba\u7684\u547d\u4e5f\u662f\u547d<\/p>

\u5965\u683c\u5c3c\u4eba[4]<\/sup>\u7684\u547d\u4e5f\u662f\u547d<\/p>

\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u7684\u547d\u4e5f\u662f\u547d<\/p>

\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u7684\u547d\u4e5f\u662f\u547d<\/p>

\u8c01\u7684\u547d\u662f\u547d<\/p>

\u8910\u8272\u7684\u547d\u4e5f\u662f\u547d<\/p>

\u6ca1\u6709\u8c01\u7684\u547d\u662f\u547d<\/p>

\u5c0f\u4e11\u7684\u547d\u4e5f\u662f\u547d<\/p>

\u53ef\u60b2\u4e4b\u4eba\u7684\u547d\u4e5f\u662f\u547d<\/p>

\u571f\u8457\u4eba\u7684\u547d\u4e5f\u662f\u547d<\/p>

\u65e0\u5bb6\u53ef\u5f52\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u547d\u4e5f\u662f\u547d<\/p>

\u7ea2\u8272\u7684\u547d\u4e5f\u662f\u547d<\/p>

\u897f\u65b9\u4eba\u7684\u547d\u4e5f\u662f\u547d<\/p>

\u9177\u513f\u7684\u547d\u4e5f\u662f\u547d<\/p>

\u672a\u51fa\u751f\u7684\u547d\u4e5f\u662f\u547d<\/p>

\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u547d\u4e5f\u662f\u547d<\/p>

\u90e8\u843d\u4eba\u7684\u547d\u4e5f\u662f\u547d<\/p>

\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u547d\u4e5f\u662f\u547d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u65b0\u95fb\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u201d\u652f\u6301\u4e24\u79cd\u641c\u7d22\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u8fd9\u8ba9\u5b83\u6bd4\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5b66\u672f\u6587\u672c\u6863\u6848\u641c\u7d22\u5f15\u64ce\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u6b63\u89c4\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f(regular expressions)\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7528\u4e8e\u4fe1\u606f\u5b66\u53ca\u6587\u672c\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u662f\u8bcd\u6027\u6807\u7b7e\uff0c\u7528\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5c06\u8bed\u6c47\u8303\u7574(\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u3001\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u3001\u8fde\u63a5\u8bcd\u7b49\u7b49)\u9644\u52a0\u5230\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bcd\u8bed\u4e0a\u3002\u4e24\u4e2a\u641c\u7d22\u4e32\u2014\u2014\u201c_JJ lives matter\u201d\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c_JJ\u201d\u5339\u914d\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\uff0c\u201c* lives matter\u201d\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c*\u201d\u5339\u914d\u6240\u6709\u8bcd\u2014\u2014\u5171\u540c\u68c0\u7d22\u8584\u8584\u4e00\u7247\u798f\u67ef\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u5b9e\u8bc1\u6027\u201d[5]<\/sup>\uff0c\u5373\u6240\u8bf4\u4e4b\u4e8b\u7684\u8eaf\u4f53\u3002\u201c\u9ed1\u4eba\u7684\u547d\u4e5f\u662f\u547d\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\u5728\u201c* lives matter\u201d\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d\u6700\u4e3a\u5e38\u89c1\u3001\u9065\u9065\u9886\u5148\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e8614,262\u6b21;\u201c\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u7684\u547d\u90fd\u662f\u547d\u201d\u4f4d\u5c45\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c853\u6b21;\u63a5\u7740\u662f\u201c\u84dd\u8272\u7684\u547d\u4e5f\u662f\u547d\u201d\uff0c313\u6b21;\u201c\u767d\u4eba\u7684\u547d\u4e5f\u662f\u547d\u201d(\u5728\u590f\u6d1b\u8328\u7ef4\u5c14\u884c\u8fdb\u65f6\u6325\u821e\u706b\u628a\u7684\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5206\u5b50\u5982\u6b64\u53cd\u590d\u547c\u558a)\uff0c278\u6b21;\u5217\u8868\u5982\u662f\u7ee7\u7eed\uff0c\u5b9e\u4f8b\u4f17\u591a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u201c\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u547d\u4e5f\u662f\u547d\u201d\uff0c\u53ea\u51fa\u73b0\u6570\u6b21\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5c3d\u7ba1\u201c\u65b0\u95fb\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u201d\u5927\u4f53\u4e0a\u4e0d\u662f\u6709\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8bdd\u8bed\u6837\u672c\uff0c\u4f46\u201cX\u7684\u547d\u4e5f\u662f\u547d\u201d(X <\/em>Lives Matter)\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u5b9e\u4f8b\u51fa\u73b0\u4e8e\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u9891\u7387\u5370\u8bc1\u4e86\u201c\u9ed1\u4eba\u7684\u547d\u4e5f\u662f\u547d\u201d\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5730\u4f4d\u548c\u6211\u5728\u5c31\u804c\u65e5\u89c1\u8bc1\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u53cd\u9a73\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u7a81\u51fa\u3002\u4f46\u9891\u7387\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u91ca\u5176\u5f62\u5f0f\u3001\u610f\u4e49\u6216\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u6269\u5c55\u6211\u4eec\u5173\u4e8e\u5e38\u89c4\u8bed\u8a00\u5355\u4f4d(language unit)\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u8d85\u8d8a\u5b57\u5178\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u5355\u4e2a\u8bcd\u8bed\uff0c\u7eb3\u5165\u66f4\u591a\u590d\u6742\u3001\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5bf9\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5145\u5206\u800c\u8bed\u5883\u5316\u7684\u53d9\u8ff0\u5e94\u6d89\u53ca\u6c11\u6743\u8fd0\u52a8\u3001\u9ed1\u4eba\u529b\u91cf\u8fd0\u52a8\u548c\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u601d\u60f3\u6597\u4e89\u2014\u2014\u4e3a\u4e86\u4ece\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u53cd\u9ed1\u4eba\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u89e3\u653e\u2014\u2014\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u9057\u4ea7\u3002\u57fa\u6069\u52a0\u00b7\u4e9a\u9a6c\u8d6b\u5854\u00b7\u6cf0\u52d2(Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor)\u3001\u514b\u91cc\u65af\u591a\u5f17\u00b7J. \u52d2\u5e03\u6717 (Christopher J. Lebron)\u548c\u82ad\u82ad\u62c9\u00b7\u5170\u65af\u6bd4(Barbara Ransby)\u5df2\u7ecf\u64b0\u5199\u4e86\u6b64\u79cd\u4ee4\u4eba\u8d5e\u8d4f\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3002\u6211\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5fc5\u7136\u7a84\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002\u5728\u201c\u65b0\u95fb\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u201d\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u201c\u9ed1\u4eba\u7684\u547d\u4e5f\u662f\u547d\u201d\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u573a\u653f\u6cbb\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u53e3\u53f7\u3001\u4e00\u53e5\u5bf9\u751f\u547d\u653f\u6cbb\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u65ad\u8a00\u3001\u201c\u63a8\u7279\u201d\u6807\u7b7e(Carney)\u3001\u201c\u4e00\u79cd\u63d0\u9192\u548c\u544a\u8beb\u201d[6]<\/sup>\u4ee5\u53ca\u53cd\u9ed1\u4eba\u884c\u52a8\u9488\u5bf9\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u8a00\u8bed(parole)\u4e2d\u65e0\u4f11\u6b62\u79ef\u7d2f\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u96c6\u4f53\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u6216\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5e38\u89c4\u5143\u7d20(Saussure)\u3002\u51e0\u5e74\u5185\uff0c\u201c\u9ed1\u4eba\u7684\u547d\u4e5f\u662f\u547d\u201d\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8303\u4f8b(exemplar)\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u201cX\u7684\u547d\u4e5f\u662f\u547d\u201d\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u4ee5\u6b64\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u3002[7]<\/sup>\u5728\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5b83\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u8bd7\u610f\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4ee5\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u3001\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e0d\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u9884\u89c1\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f62\u5851\u4e86\u4eba\u4eec\u6240\u5199\u3001\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u201c\u9ed1\u4eba\u7684\u547d\u4e5f\u662f\u547d\u201d\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u9884\u6784\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u8bdd\u8bed\u573a\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u90a3\u4e9b\u53cd\u5bf9\u5b83\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\uff0c\u5982\u201c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u547d\u90fd\u662f\u547d\u201d\u548c\u201c\u84dd\u8272\u7684\u547d\u4e5f\u662f\u547d\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2013\u5e74\u7279\u62c9\u4f0a\u51af\u00b7\u9a6c\u4e01(Trayvon Martin)\u906d\u8c0b\u6740\u3001\u51f6\u624b\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7\u9f50\u9ed8\u66fc(George Zimmerman)\u5ba3\u5e03\u65e0\u7f6a\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u827e\u8389\u897f\u4e9a\u00b7\u52a0\u8428(Alicia Garza)\u3001\u5e15\u7279\u91cc\u65af\u00b7\u5e93\u52d2\u65af(Patrisse Cullors)\u548c\u5965\u5e15\u5c14\u00b7\u6258\u7c73\u8482(Opal Tometi)\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u201c\u9ed1\u4eba\u7684\u547d\u4e5f\u662f\u547d\u201d\uff0c\u5979\u4eec\u4ece\u82f1\u8bed\u8bed\u6c47\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u51fa\u4e09\u4e2a\u5e38\u89c1\u8bcd\u8bed\u2014\u2014black<\/em>(\u9ed1\u8272), lives <\/em>(\u751f\u547d), matter<\/em>(\u91cd\u8981)\u2014\u2014\u548c\u6700\u666e\u901a\u7684\u82f1\u8bed\u8bed\u6cd5\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u7531\u9650\u5b9a\u6027\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u548c\u540d\u8bcd\u6784\u6210\u540d\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed\u3001\u52a0\u4e0a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed\uff0c\u4ee5\u7ecf\u5178\u987a\u5e8f\u7684\u9648\u8ff0\u6027\u65ad\u8a00\u7f16\u7ec7\u6210\u4e3b\u8bed\u548c\u8c13\u8bed:[\u4e3b\u8bed[\u540d\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed[\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcdBlack][\u540d\u8bcdLives]][\u52a8\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed[\u52a8\u8bcdMatter]]](\u201c\u5973\u6027\u53f2\u201d)\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e48\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u5979\u4eec\u4e5f\u5f00\u521b\u4e86\u5177\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u7684\u201c\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e60\u8bed\u201d(formal idiom)\u201cX\u7684\u547d\u4e5f\u662f\u547d\u201d[8]<\/sup>\uff0c\u5b83\u51ed\u4e00\u5df1\u4e4b\u529b\u8fc5\u901f\u6210\u4e3a\u5e38\u89c4\u7b26\u53f7\u5355\u5143(sign unit)\u3002\u8bf4\u8bdd\u8005\u8bf4\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e60\u8bed\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd(\u201c\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u7684\u201d\u201c\u571f\u8457\u7684\u201d)\u3001\u91cf\u8bcd(\u201c\u6240\u6709\u201d\u201c\u6ca1\u6709\u201d)\u6216\u590d\u5408\u540d\u8bcd(\u201c\u5c0f\u4e11\u201d\u201c\u52a8\u7269\u201d)\u586b\u5145\u5176\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u53d8\u4f53[9]<\/sup>\u3002\u7528\u8ba4\u77e5\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\u9690\u55bb(inheritance metaphor)\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u201cX\u7684\u547d\u4e5f\u662f\u547d\u201d\u662f\u6bcd\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u548c\u5b83\u7684\u8303\u4f8b\u4e00\u9053\uff0c\u8d4b\u4e88\u4ee4\u5176\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u7684\u5b50\u4ee3\u4ee5\u5f62\u5f0f\u548c\u610f\u4e49\u3002[10]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cX\u7684\u547d\u4e5f\u662f\u547d\u201d\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u5b50\u4ee3\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u201c\u571f\u8457\u4eba\u7684\u547d\u4e5f\u662f\u547d\u201d\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ed3\u6784\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u4e3b\u5f20\u8106\u5f31\u7684\u3001\u88ab\u5c11\u6570\u5316\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u5e76\u672a\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u4ee5\u5e38\u89c4\u5f62\u5f0f\u8868\u8fbe\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4e5f\u5b8c\u5168\u80fd\u591f\u83b7\u77e5\u8fd9\u79cd\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u201c\u84dd\u8272\u7684\u547d\u4e5f\u662f\u547d\u201d\u5728\u8bed\u4e49\u4e0a\u5c31\u90e8\u5206\u6a21\u7cca\u3002\u4ec5\u4ec5\u77e5\u9053\u201c\u84dd\u8272\u201d\u548c\u201c\u751f\u547d\u201d\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b57\u4ee5\u53ca\u9650\u5b9a\u6027\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u52a0\u540d\u8bcd\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4f60\u65e0\u6cd5\u7406\u89e3\u201c\u84dd\u8272\u7684\u547d\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u3002\u9a71\u52a8\u201c\u84dd\u8272\u7684\u547d\u201d\u7684\u662f\u540c\u8303\u4f8b\u201c\u9ed1\u4eba\u7684\u547d\u201d\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e0e\u5bf9\u7acb\uff0c\u8bf4\u8bdd\u8005\u5fc5\u987b\u4e86\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed\u6307\u7684\u662f\u8b66\u5bdf\u7684\u547d\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u6307\u4f24\u5fc3\u4e4b\u4eba\u6216\u84dd\u7cbe\u7075(Edwards)\u3002\u84dd\u8272\u5f88\u4e45\u4ee5\u6765\u548c\u8b66\u5bdf\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u5982\u56fa\u5b9a\u8bf4\u6cd5\u201cthe boys in blue\u201d(\u8b66\u5bdf)\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u201c\u65b0\u95fb\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u201d\u4e2d\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5728\u201c\u9ed1\u4eba\u7684\u547d\u4e5f\u662f\u547d\u201d\u8fd0\u52a8\u6765\u4e34\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5c06\u8b66\u5bdf\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u84dd\u8272\u7684\u547d\u201d\u5e76\u975e\u5e38\u89c4\u3002\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u201c\u84dd\u8272\u7684\u547d\u201d\u7684\u201c\u84dd\u8272\u201d\u662f\u670d\u88c5\u800c\u975e\u76ae\u80a4\uff0c\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8131\u4e0b\u7684\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e4b\u5916\u6682\u65f6\u8131\u4e0b\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u6c38\u4e45\u79bb\u5f00\u8b66\u5bdf\u961f\u4f0d\u3002\u4f46\u201c\u84dd\u8272\u7684\u547d\u4e5f\u662f\u547d\u201d\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u529f\u80fd\u5728\u4e8e\u62b9\u9664\u8fd9\u4e00\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u84dd\u8272\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u542b\u4e49\u540c\u201c\u9ed1\u8272\u201d\u76f8\u63d0\u5e76\u8bba\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u53ea\u6709\u540e\u8005\u662f\u751f\u7269\u4e0a\u4e13\u6027\u4e14\u65e0\u6cd5\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u5728\u201c\u84dd\u8272\u7684\u547d\u4e5f\u662f\u547d\u201d\u6cd5\u6848\u4e2d\u5f88\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u8fd9\u51e0\u5e74\u8be5\u6cd5\u6848\u5728\u8054\u90a6\u548c\u5dde\u7acb\u6cd5\u4e2d\u53cd\u590d\u5f15\u5165\uff0c\u5c06\u653b\u51fb\u8b66\u5bdf\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u540c\u653b\u51fb\u5c11\u6570\u65cf\u88d4\u548c\u6027\u5c11\u6570\u5e76\u5217\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e3a\u8054\u90a6\u4ec7\u6068\u7f6a(Lennard)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u547d\u90fd\u662f\u547d\u201d\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u7565\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u96be\u9898\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u903b\u8f91\u5165\u95e8\u8bfe\u7a0b\u90fd\u4f1a\u6559\u6388\u201c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u547d\u90fd\u662f\u547d\u201d\u5305\u542b\u201c\u9ed1\u4eba\u7684\u547d\u4e5f\u662f\u547d\u201d\u3002\u90a3\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u201c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u547d\u90fd\u662f\u547d\u201d\u88ab\u5f53\u4f5c\u5bf9\u201c\u9ed1\u4eba\u7684\u547d\u4e5f\u662f\u547d\u201d\u7684\u53cd\u9a73\u8bf4\u51fa\u6765?\u5355\u9760\u8bed\u5883\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b8c\u5168\u89e3\u91ca\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u201c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u547d\u90fd\u662f\u547d\u201d\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5b83\u662f\u5426\u662f\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e60\u8bed\u201cX\u7684\u547d\u4e5f\u662f\u547d\u201d\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b[11]<\/sup>\u3002\u975e\u4e60\u8bed\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u4e0d\u662f\u201cX\u7684\u547d\u4e5f\u662f\u547d\u201d\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6[\u4e3b\u8bed[\u540d\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed[\u9650\u5b9a\u8bcdAll][\u540d\u8bcdLives]][\u52a8\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed[\u52a8\u8bcdMatter]]]\u662f\u4e0d\u8a00\u800c\u55bb\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u6700\u6e29\u548c\u7684\u666e\u904d\u5316\u65ad\u8bed\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e60\u8bed\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u7ea0\u6b63\u201c\u9ed1\u4eba\u7684\u547d\u4e5f\u662f\u547d\u201d\uff0c\u7528\u201c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u201d\u66ff\u6362\u201c\u9ed1\u4eba\u7684\u201d\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4fdd\u6301\u7ed3\u6784\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bf4\u8bdd\u8005\u5728\u5bf9\u8bdd\u4e2d\u201c\u91cd\u5851\u201d\u4e00\u53e5\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6697\u4e2d\u7ea0\u6b63\u53e6\u4e00\u4eba[12]<\/sup>\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u201c\u53cd\u8fd0\u52a8\u201d[13]<\/sup>\u4ee5\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6027(\u201c\u84dd\u8272\u7684\u201d\u201c\u767d\u4eba\u201d\u201c\u53ef\u60b2\u4e4b\u4eba\u201d)\u5bf9\u6297\u201c\u9ed1\u4eba\u7684\u201d\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u201c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u547d\u90fd\u662f\u547d\u201d\u5219\u5c06\u8981\u6c42\u5e73\u7b49\u5bf9\u5f85\u91cd\u5851\u4e3a\u8981\u6c42\u7279\u6b8a\u5bf9\u5f85\u3001\u5c06\u8981\u6c42\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4fdd\u62a4\u91cd\u5851\u4e3a\u5bf9\u6cd5\u5f8b\u666e\u9002\u6027\u7684\u8fdd\u80cc\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u547d\u90fd\u662f\u547d\u201d\u6a21\u68f1\u4e24\u53ef\u5730\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u4e24\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u8bdd\u8bed:\u6070\u5f53\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u5373\u540c\u97f3\u5f02\u4e49\u8bcd\uff0c\u65e2\u7136\u5b83\u4eec\u5b9e\u4f53\u5316\u4e86\u4e0e\u4e0d\u540c\u5e38\u89c4\u529f\u80fd\u6709\u5173\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7b26\u53f7\u3001\u800c\u53d1\u97f3\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u5728\u201c\u9ed1\u4eba\u7684\u547d\u4e5f\u662f\u547d\u201d\u6210\u4e3a\u8303\u4f8b\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u53ea\u5b58\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u3001\u975e\u4e60\u8bed\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5bfb\u6c42\u5bf9\u6297\u6216\u98a0\u8986\u201c\u9ed1\u4eba\u7684\u547d\u4e5f\u662f\u547d\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89e3\u653e\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u201c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u547d\u90fd\u662f\u547d\u201d\u7684\u542b\u6df7\u4e0d\u660e\u662f\u5176\u653f\u6cbb\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u72d7\u54e8\uff0c\u7528\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u8a79\u59ae\u5f17\u00b7\u7d22\u5c14(Jennifer Saul)\u7684\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u72d7\u54e8\u5305\u542b\u201c\u52a0\u5bc6\u7684\u3001\u9690\u85cf\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4ec5\u9488\u5bf9\u4e00\u822c\u542c\u4f17\u4e2d\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u201d[14]<\/sup>\uff0c\u800c\u201c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u547d\u90fd\u662f\u547d\u201d\u65e2\u65e0\u9690\u85cf\u4e5f\u65e0\u79c1\u5bc6\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5b83\u4e3a\u8bf4\u8bdd\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7531\u6700\u4f4e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53ef\u4fe1\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u516c\u5171\u89e3\u8bfb\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u4f3c\u662f\u800c\u975e\u7684\u53ef\u5426\u5b9a\u6027(plausible deniability)\u3002\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e60\u8bed\u4e2d\u53cd\u5bf9\u201c\u9ed1\u4eba\u7684\u547d\u4e5f\u662f\u547d\u201d\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u88ab\u547c\u558a\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u975e\u4e60\u8bed\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u6e29\u548c\u666e\u9002\u6027\u5c31\u53ef\u88ab\u5f15\u8bc1\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u8fa9\u62a4\u65e0\u77e5\u6216(\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u4e00\u56de\u4e8b)\u5929\u771f[15]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5b57\u5178\u3001\u8bcd\u8bed\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u5370\u5237\u5de5\u5177\u957f\u4e45\u4ee5\u6765\u4e3a\u5b66\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u624b\u6bb5[16]<\/sup>\uff0c\u53bb\u6279\u5224\u56f4\u7ed5\u5b83\u4eec\u201c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u3001\u5730\u70b9\u3001\u65cf\u88d4\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u6784\u6210\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u201d[17]<\/sup>\u3002\u6570\u5b57\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u5bf9\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e60\u8bed\u6240\u505a\u7684\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5176\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7684\u53d8\u4f53(variety)\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4ec5\u6709\u6781\u5c11\u6570\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3001\u9605\u8bfb\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6216\u63a8\u7279\u7ebf\u7d22\u4e2d\u3002\u8ba1\u6570(counting)\u6709\u65f6\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4f46\u6b64\u5904\u663e\u7136\u53ea\u8d77\u6b21\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u4e2d\u5360\u636e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u201c\u8bcd\u888b\u201d(bag of words)\u65b9\u6cd5[18]<\/sup>\u5c24\u5176\u4e0d\u5408\u9002\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e3a\u4e86\u6570\u5355\u8bcd\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u6b63\u597d\u4e22\u5f03\u4e86\u6b63\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u8bed\u8a00\u7279\u6027\u2014\u2014\u53e5\u6cd5\u3001\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u8bed\u5e8f\u3001\u5408\u6210\u6027\u3001\u8303\u7574\u5212\u5206\u3001\u4e60\u8bed\u6027\u3002\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4f7f\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u3001\u610f\u4e49\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u5b9a\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4ee4\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u7b26\u53f7\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b9e\u4f53\u5316[19]<\/sup>\uff0c\u4ece\u5355\u4e2a\u8bcd\u8bed(\u201c\u9ed1\u8272\u201d)\u5ef6\u4f38\u5230\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e60\u8bed(\u201cX\u7684\u547d\u4e5f\u662f\u547d\u201d)\u3001\u76f4\u81f3\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u77ed\u8bed\u6784\u9020(\u540d\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e0d\u6109\u5feb\u7684\u201cX\u7684\u547d\u4e5f\u662f\u547d\u201d\u5bb6\u65cf\u7ee7\u7eed\u751f\u957f\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u6bcf\u5929\u51fa\u73b0\u65b0\u7684\u5b50\u4ee3\u3002\u548c\u884c\u8fdb\u4e8e\u5176\u6a2a\u5e45\u540e\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4e8b\u4e1a\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u201c\u9ed1\u4eba\u7684\u547d\u4e5f\u662f\u547d\u201d\u7684\u8bd7\u610f\u5de5\u4f5c\u4ecd\u672a\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u65b0\u589e\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u90fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u90a3\u4e2a\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u751f\u547d\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7b54\u6848:\u201c\u8c01\u7684\u547d\u662f\u547d?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

—————————————————————————————————————————————————————-<\/span>–<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biopolitics and Forms<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Daniel Shore<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Abstract:<\/strong> The past decade in the United States has witnessed the rise of discursive form \u201cBlack Lives Matter\u201d (BLM) that has been manifested on the streets as a series of organized protests, and also gained significant traction and influence through social media. It has spawned a number of both friendly and oppositional discourses, following the grammatical form of \u201cX Lives Matter.\u201d This essay uses a large digital database that collects millions of recent newspaper articles, and deploys new methods in natural language processing in addressing the following questions: What about the grammatical construction of the \u201cBlack Lives Matter\u201d formulation has made it such a powerful public discursive utterance? What happens when \u201cBlack\u201d in this \u201cX Lives Matter\u201d discursive formulation is switched by \u201cAll\u201d or \u201cBlue?\u201d It connects new digital methods to older cultural studies paradigms, takes computational tools to parse language both in terms of its sematic and syntactical resonances to explore new ways of computational cultural studies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Keywords:<\/strong> Digital Database; Semantic Resonance; Syntax; Natural Language Processing; Cultural Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u7f16 \u8f91  | \u59dc\u6587\u6d9b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6ce8\u91ca\uff1a<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[1]\u6211\u6240\u5728\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\u88ab\u7279\u6717\u666e\u7684\u6469\u6258\u9a91\u624b\u77ed\u6682\u653b\u51fb\u4e86\u4e00\u9635\u3002\u5173\u4e8e2017\u5e74\u5c31\u804c\u5178\u793c\u4e0a\u6297\u8bae\u8005\u548c\u8b66\u5bdf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u53c2\u89c1Landay, Jonathan, and Scott Malone,\u201cViolence Flares in Washington during Trump Inauguration,\u201dReuters, Jan 20, 2017, www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-trump-inauguration-protests-idUSKBN1540J7.\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u8b66\u5bdf\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u902e\u6355\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u53cd\u7279\u6717\u666e\u7684\u6297\u8bae\u8005\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u5bf9\u5f85\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]Althusser Louis, For Marx, 1965. Translated by Ben Brewster, Verso, 2005, pp. 223-224.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]\u201c\u65b0\u95fb\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u201d\u53ca\u5176\u641c\u7d22\u754c\u9762\u7531\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u5bb6\u9a6c\u514b\u00b7\u6234\u7ef4\u65af(Mark Davies)\u6240\u521b\uff0cwww.english- corpora.org\/now\/\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]\u5965\u683c\u5c3c(Ogoni)\u4eba\u662f\u751f\u6d3b\u4e8e\u5c3c\u65e5\u5c14\u6cb3\u4e09\u89d2\u6d32\u7684\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e86\u201c\u5965\u683c\u5c3c\u4eba\u6c11\u751f\u5b58\u8fd0\u52a8\u201d\u3002\u2014\u2014\u8bd1\u6ce8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]Michel Foucault, The Archaeology of Knowledge and The Discourse on Language, translated by Rupert Sawyer, Tavistock, 1972, p. 126.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]Taylor Keeanga-Yamahtta, From #BlackLivesMatter to Black Liberation, Haymarket Books, 2016, p. 6.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]Joan Bybee,\u201cFrom Usage to Grammar: The Mind\u2019s Response to Repetition,\u201dLanguage, vol. 82, no. 4, 2006, p. 714; Paul Hopper\u201c, Emergent Grammar,\u201dProceedings of the Thirteenth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society, 1987, pp. 139-157.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]Chales J. Fillmore et al.,\u201cRegularity and Idiomaticity in Grammatical Constructions: The Case of Let Alone, \u201dLanguage, vol. 64, no. 3, 1988, pp. 505-506.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]\u5173\u4e8e\u201c\u9ed1\u4eba\u7684\u547d\u4e5f\u662f\u547d\u201d\uff0c\u52a0\u8428\u6781\u4e3a\u5f00\u95e8\u89c1\u5c71\u5730\u5199\u5230\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e60\u8bed\u88ab\u632a\u7528\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]Adele E. Goldberg, Constructions: A Construction Grammar Approach to Argument Structure, University of Chicago Press, 1995, pp. 72-74.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]Paul Kay, Charles J. Fillmore,\u201cGrammatical Constructions and Linguistic Generalizations: The What\u2019s X Doing Y? Construction,\u201dLanguage, vol. 75, no. 1, 1999, pp. 4-6.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]Jeremy. K Boyd, Adele E. Goldberg\u201c, Learning What Not to Say: The Role of Statistical Preemption and Categorization in A-Adjective Production,\u201dLanguage, vol. 87, no. 1, 2011, pp. 58-59.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]Amanda Nell Edgar, Andre E. Johnson, The Struggle over Black Lives Matter and All Lives Matter, Rowman and Littlefield, 2018, pp. 25-27.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]Jennifer Saul\u201c, Dogwhistles, Political Manipulation, and Philosophy of Language,\u201dNew Work on Speech Acts, Daniel Fogal et al eds., Oxford Scholarship Online, 2018, p. 5, doi:10.1093\/oso\/ 9780198738831.003 .0013.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]See Gloria Wekker, White Innocence: Paradoxes of Colonialism and Race, Duke University Press, 2016.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]Raymond Williams, Keywords: A Vocabulary of Society and Culture, 1976. Revised ed., Oxford University Press, 1983, p. 23.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]Stuart Hall,\u201cSignification, Representation, Ideology: Althusser and the Post- structuralist Debates,\u201d Critical Studies in Mass Communication, vol. 2, no. 2, 1985, p. 108.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]See Ted Underwood, Distant Horizons: Digital Evidence and Literary Change, University of Chicago Press, 2019; Andrew Piper, Enumerations: Data and Literary Study, University of Chicago Press, 2018; Lauren F. Klein,\u201cDistant Reading after Moretti,\u201dArcade: Literature, Humanities, and the World, arcade.Stanford.edu\/ blogs\/distant-reading-after-moretti; Nan Z. Da,\u201cThe Computational Case against Computational Literary Studies,\u201dCritical Inquiry, no. 45, 2019, pp. 601-639.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]Adele E. Goldberg, Constructions: A Construction Grammar Approach to Argument Structure, University of Chicago Press, 1995, p. 5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u539f\u520a\u300a\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u300b2020\u5e74\u7b2c3\u671f\uff0c\u8f6c\u8f7d\u8bf7\u8054\u7cfb\u6388\u6743\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u672c\u6587\u8bd1\u81ea:Daniel Shore\u201c, The Form of Black Lives Matter,\u201dPMLA<\/em>, Vol. 135, No.1, 2020, pp.175- 179.\u611f\u8c22\u4f5c\u8005\u4ee5\u53ca\u7f8e\u56fdMLA\u51fa\u7248\u7684PMLA<\/em>\u6742\u5fd7\u6388\u4e88\u4e2d\u6587\u7ffb\u8bd1\u53ca\u5728\u672c\u671f\u520a\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u7248\u6743\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u7b80\u4ecb<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f5c\u8005\u7b80\u4ecb\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e39\u5c3c\u5c14\u00b7\u8096\u5c14(Daniel Shore)<\/strong>\uff0c\u4e54\u6cbb\u57ce\u5927\u5b66\u82f1\u8bed\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u8bb2\u6388\u65e9\u671f\u73b0\u4ee3\u6587\u5b66\u3001\u6279\u8bc4\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587;\u8457\u6709\u300a\u8d5b\u535a\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u4e49:\u6570\u5b57\u6863\u6848\u4e2d\u8bed\u8a00\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u300b(Cyberformalism: Histories of Linguistic Forms in the Digital Archive<\/em>)\u7b49\u3002<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u8fd1\u6765\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u516c\u5171\u8bdd\u8bed\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c\u9ed1\u4eba\u7684\u547d\u4e5f\u662f\u547d\u201d(Black Lives Matter, BLM)\u53ca\u5176\u50ac\u751f\u51fa\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u2026\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1738,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[454],"tags":[623,347],"class_list":["post-1737","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-454","tag-623","tag-347"],"blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":6}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1737","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1737"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1737\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1742,"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1737\/revisions\/1742"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1738"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1737"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1737"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1737"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}