{"id":2376,"date":"2021-04-11T01:14:19","date_gmt":"2021-04-10T17:14:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/?p=2376"},"modified":"2024-04-04T01:23:01","modified_gmt":"2024-04-03T17:23:01","slug":"%e8%bf%9c%e8%af%bb%e7%9a%84%e7%b3%bb%e8%b0%b1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/site\/works\/dhjournal\/202002\/2376.html","title":{"rendered":"\u8fdc\u8bfb\u7684\u7cfb\u8c31"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u6cf0\u5fb7\u00b7\u5b89\u5fb7\u4f0d\u5fb7\uff1b\u8f6c\u81ea\uff1a\u516c\u4f17\u53f7 DH\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong><span style=\"color:#60569a\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8df5<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"558\" height=\"218\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u7b2c\u4e8c\u671f.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2356\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u7b2c\u4e8c\u671f.png 558w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u7b2c\u4e8c\u671f-300x117.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 558px) 100vw, 558px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u6cf0\u5fb7\u00b7\u5b89\u5fb7\u4f0d\u5fb7&nbsp;\/&nbsp;\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f0a\u5229\u8bfa\u4f0a\u5927\u5b66\u9999\u69df\u5206\u6821\u82f1\u6587\u7cfb\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u9662<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u4f0a\u8c46\u539f\u82f1\u609f(\u8bd1) \/&nbsp;\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u9662<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\"><strong>\u6458&nbsp;\u8981<\/strong>\uff1a<\/span>\u628a\u7528\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u63cf\u8ff0\u6587\u5b66\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b21\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u770b\u6cd5\u53d8\u5f97\u6d41\u884c\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\u65e9\u5728\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u51fa\u73b0\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u6570\u5341\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u8fdc\u8bfb\u5c31\u6709\u4e86\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u7cfb\u8c31\u2014\u2014\u5176\u4e2d\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u90fd\u4e0e\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u65e0\u5173\u3002\u4e0d\u5982\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u6587\u5b66\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5bf9\u8bdd\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bf9\u8bdd\u7531\u96f7\u8499\u5fb7\u00b7\u5a01\u5ec9\u65af\u548c\u8a79\u5c3c\u00b7\u83b1\u5fb7\u5a01\u7b49\u5b66\u8005\u5f00\u542f\uff0c\u7ee7\u800c\u6162\u6162\u8f6c\u5411\u4e00\u79cd\u660e\u663e\u7684\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5766\u7387\u63a5\u53d7\u8fdc\u8bfb\u96b6\u5c5e\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5c06\u9677\u5165\u5bf9\u6570\u5b57\u5de5\u5177\u53d1\u6563\u6027\u63a2\u7d22\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u7a0b\u91cd\u65b0\u805a\u7126\u3002\u660e\u786e\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e3b\u9898\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u51cf\u5c11\u5173\u4e8e\u8fdc\u8bfb\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u548c\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6c9f\u901a\u969c\u788d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\"><strong>\u5173\u952e\u8bcd<\/strong>\uff1a<\/span>\u8fdc\u8bfb&nbsp;\u300a\u9605\u8bfb\u7f57\u66fc\u53f2\u300b&nbsp;\u5a01\u5ec9\u65af&nbsp;\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66&nbsp;\u300a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e0e\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u300b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u5f15\u8a00<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd1\u5341\u5e74\u5185\uff0c\u7528\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u53bb\u63cf\u8ff0\u6587\u5b66\u53f2\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b21\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u53d8\u5f97\u6d41\u884c\u8d77\u6765\u4e86\u3002\u8d77\u521d\uff0c\u6211\u5e76\u4e0d\u91cd\u89c6\u8fd9\u4e00\u5b9e\u8bc1\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0e\u6587\u5b66\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b66\u8005\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u5374\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u95fb\u5feb\u8baf\u5f0f\u7684\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\u300a\u7ebd\u7ea6\u65f6\u62a5\u300b\u6240\u8f7d\uff0c\u51ef\u745f\u7433\u00b7\u8212\u5c14\u8328(Kathryn Schulz)\u57282011\u5e74\u5c06\u8fdc\u8bfb\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u201c\u76ee\u524d\u5728\u2018\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u2019\u6807\u9898\u4e13\u680f\u4e0b\u6b63\u5728\u6269\u6563\u7684\u201d\u4f17\u591a\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e00<sup>[1]<\/sup>\u3002\u6709\u53cd\u5bf9\u610f\u89c1\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53cd\u9a73\u9053\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u8005\u4e92\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bfe\u9898\u65e0\u7591\u662f\u57282011\u5e74\u4e4b\u524d\u5c31\u88ab\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u4f46\u201c\u8fdc\u8bfb\u201d\u548c\u201c\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u201d\u5374\u662f\u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u524d\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u4e3a\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u800c\u521b\u9020\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed\u3002\u5728\u8fdc\u8bfb\u7684\u5148\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u79d1\u6280\u672a\u626e\u6f14\u5982\u6b64\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u6bcb\u5eb8\u7f6e\u7591\uff0c\u6ca1\u4eba\u4f1a\u6307\u671b\u62a5\u7eb8\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u5c0f\u62a5\u9053\u80fd\u591f\u5168\u9762\u53cd\u6620\u5b66\u672f\u53d8\u8fc1\u53f2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53ef\u662f\u6700\u8fd1\uff0c\u6211\u5df2\u7ecf\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u4e86\u5b66\u8005\u5f00\u59cb\u7528\u540c\u6837\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8bb2\u8ff0\u5b66\u672f\u53f2\uff1a\u5373\u628a\u6240\u6709\u5bf9\u6587\u5b66\u53f2\u7684\u91cf\u5316\u7684\u6216\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u8be5\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u8f6c\u578b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u827e\u7c73\u00b7\u57c3\u5c14\u54c8\u7279(Amy Earhart)\u7684\u201c\u6570\u5b57\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u201d\u7684\u7cfb\u8c31\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c\u8fdc\u8bfb\u201d\u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u5b66\u672f\u4f20\u7edf\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u8f6c\u5411\uff0c\u800c\u5979\u6240\u6307\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u4f20\u7edf\u6700\u521d\u90fd\u4ee5\u7f16\u8f91\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u5728\u672c\u4e66\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u9610\u8ff0\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u6587\u672c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\uff1a\u6280\u672f\u4e3b\u8981\u8fd0\u7528\u4e8e\u521b\u9020\u7406\u60f3\u5316\u7684\u6216\u8005\u4f18\u4e8e\u7eb8\u8d28\u6587\u672c\u7684\u7248\u672c\u3002\u6570\u5b57\u6587\u672c\u7814\u7a76(digital literary studies)\u4e43\u81f3\u8303\u56f4\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u9886\u57df\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u8bf8\u5982\u65af\u8482\u82ac\u00b7\u62c9\u59c6\u585e(Stephen Ramsay)\u3001\u5f17\u5170\u514b\u00b7\u83ab\u96f7\u8482(Franco Moretti)\u3001\u9a6c\u4fee\u00b7\u7ea6\u514b\u65af(Matthew Jockers)\u3001\u6770\u5f17\u745e\u00b7\u6d1b\u514b\u5a01\u5c14(Geoffrey Rockwell)\u7b49\u73b0\u4ee3\u6570\u5b57\u5b66\u8005\u8fd0\u7528\u6280\u672f\u5bf9\u6587\u5b66\u6587\u672c\u8fdb\u884c\u8f6c\u79fb\u3001\u64cd\u4f5c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u9010\u6e10\u8fdc\u79bb\u5bf9\u8868\u5f81\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u800c\u8d8b\u4e8e\u9610\u91ca\u6027\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u201d<sup>[2]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e5f\u8bb8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u201c\u6570\u5b57\u6587\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u201d(\u57c3\u5c14\u54c8\u7279\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e00\u4f20\u7edf\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u52301990\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u5f71\u54cd)\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u9610\u91ca\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u53ef\u80fd\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u665a\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u57c3\u5c14\u54c8\u7279\u5728\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b66\u8005\u5374\u6bd4\u7f51\u7edc\u8981\u5e74\u957f\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u91cf\u5316\u89e3\u8bfb\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u4e66\u7c4d\u53f2\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u548c\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u56de\u6eaf\u81f319\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\u53bb<sup>[3]<\/sup>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6a21\u5f0f\u4ece\u72ed\u4e49\u4e0a\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u652f\u2014\u2014\u5c31\u50cf\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u62ab\u8428\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u83dc\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u652f\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u8005\u90fd\u662f\u4ece\u4e0d\u540c\u793e\u4f1a\u80cc\u666f\u4e2d\u5f15\u8fdb\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u90fd\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u66f4\u52a0\u4e45\u8fdc\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/1-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2383\" width=\"358\" height=\"537\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/1-2.jpg 667w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/1-2-200x300.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 358px) 100vw, 358px\" \/><figcaption>Amy E.Earhart,&nbsp;Traces of the Old, Uses of the New: The Emergence of Digital Literary Studies<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5199\u672c\u6709\u5173\u7f8e\u56fd\u98df\u7269\u53f2\u7684\u4e66\u7c4d\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u597d\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u57c3\u5c14\u54c8\u7279\u51b3\u5b9a\u5173\u6ce8\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u800c\u5f00\u521b\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u6279\u5224\u6027\u4f20\u7edf\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u9519\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u8bfb\u8005\u8fd8\u8bb0\u5f97\u8fd9\u4e00\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u8bf8\u591a\u8981\u7d20\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u6709\u66f4\u4e3a\u60a0\u4e45\u7684\u524d\u53f2\uff0c\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u4f1a\u88ab\u8bef\u5bfc\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u524d\u53f2\u4e5f\u4f1a\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u6d41\u901d\u800c\u88ab\u9057\u5fd8\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u65b0\u7684\u4e00\u4ee3\u4eba\u5c31\u628a\u62ab\u8428\u4e3b\u8981\u4e0e\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u6216\u8005\u7ebd\u7ea6\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u4e86\u3002\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u8fdc\u8bfb\u548c\u4eba\u6587\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u5e38\u88ab\u7eb3\u5165\u201c\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u7684\u5927\u6570\u636e\u7814\u7a76\u201d<sup>[4]<\/sup>\u3002\u5728\u6211\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u628a\u91cd\u70b9\u653e\u5728\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5947\u602a\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u8fd9\u8fd8\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u59cb\u5fd8\u8bb0(\u6216\u8005\u81f3\u5c11\u8981\u6de1\u5316)\u6211\u4eec\u8fc7\u53bb\u5de5\u4f5c\u6210\u679c\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4f53\u73b0\u3002\u201c\u5927\u6570\u636e\u201d\u662f21\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u6280\u672f\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684\u6d41\u884c\u8bed\u3002\u628a\u5b83\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u7c7b\u9879\uff0c\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u5f52\u6574\u66f4\u4e3a\u4e45\u8fdc\u7684\u9488\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u6587\u5316\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u5947\u602a\u7684\u4e8b\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u5398\u6e05\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u59cb\u88ab\u5408\u5e76\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u4f20\u7edf\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u8981\u628a\u76ee\u5149\u8f6c\u541120\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u53f6\u3002\u6211\u8981\u7279\u522b\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fdc\u8bfb\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u5b83\u65e2\u4e0d\u662f\u6570\u5b57\u6280\u672f\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u5f53\u4ee3\u5bf9\u4e8e\u201c\u6570\u636e\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u7684\u70ed\u8877\u800c\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u3002\u81ea\u79f0\u505a\u8fdc\u8bfb\u5206\u6790\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005(distant reader)\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u539f\u672c\u662f\u7531\u90a3\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u6587\u5b66\u53f2\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u4ea4\u53c9\u7814\u7a76\u5b66\u8005(\u5982\u96f7\u8499\u5fb7\u00b7\u5a01\u5ec9\u65af\u548c\u8a79\u5c3c\u65af\u00b7\u83b1\u5fb7\u5a01)\u6240\u67b6\u6784\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u4e5f\u662f\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u7d20\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5c06\u8fdc\u8bfb\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u6279\u8bc4\u5f62\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u533a\u5206\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u4ece\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u67d0\u79cd\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5c06\u5386\u53f2\u77e5\u8bc6\u63a2\u7a76\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5b9e\u8df5\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u548c\u6837\u672c(\u6587\u672c\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u793e\u4f1a\u8bc1\u636e)\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u4f5c\u8005\u5f97\u51fa\u7ed3\u8bba\u4e4b\u524d\u5c31\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u597d\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5bf9\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u79d1\u77e5\u8bc6\u6574\u5408\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u4fee\u8f9e\u4e0a\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0a\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u8fd9\u548c\u6574\u5408\u6570\u5b57\u5a92\u4f53\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u6311\u6218\u662f\u5168\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3002\u505a\u8fdc\u8bfb\u5206\u6790\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u548c\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u8005\u4f1a\u5171\u5b58\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4eba\u4eec\u613f\u610f\u770b\u5230\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5171\u5bb9\u6027\u662f\u7406\u6240\u5f53\u7136\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u540c\u4e00\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u81ea\u8bc1\u7248\u672c\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u5e76\u975e\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5173\u4e8e\u5b83\u4eec\u5171\u5b58\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\u5f62\u5f0f\u8fd8\u9700\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5546\u69b7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><br><strong><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u4e00\u3001\u201c\u8fdc\u8bfb\u201d<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u767d\u8bdd\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76(vernacular literary study)\u572819\u4e16\u7eaa\u8fdb\u5165\u5927\u5b66\u65f6\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u6709\u7740\u5b8f\u4f1f\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u4e86\uff0c\u5b83\u8bd5\u56fe\u8ffd\u8e2a\u8fd1\u4e00\u5343\u5e74\u95f4\u6587\u5b66\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5e73\u884c\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u76f4\u523020\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u5355\u4e00\u6587\u672c\u7684\u7cbe\u8bfb\u624d\u6210\u4e3a\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8303\u4f8b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5\u957f\u8fdc\u7684\u773c\u5149\u6765\u770b\u8be5\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u6700\u8fd1\u5bf9\u5927\u578b\u6570\u5b57\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5c31\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u4e3a\u5bbd\u6cdb\u7684\u5927\u8d8b\u52bf\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u8d8b\u52bf\u59cb\u4e8e20\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u53f6\uff0c\u5b83\u66f4\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u8fd8\u539f\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5fd7\u5411\u672c\u8c8c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e5f\u6709\u70b9\u592a\u957f\u8fdc\u4e86\uff0c\u5bf9\u7406\u89e3\u5f53\u4eca\u5b66\u672f\u4e89\u8bba\u6ca1\u6709\u592a\u591a\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u4e3a\u4e25\u8c28\u7684\u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u67b6\u6784\u80fd\u591f\u79ef\u6781\u5730\u63cf\u8ff0\u8fc7\u53bb\u7ea6\u534a\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u53f2\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u6240\u8981\u8fbe\u5230\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u7b80\u5316\u4e3a\u5bf921\u4e16\u7eaa\u6280\u672f\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u7b49\u89c4\u6a21\u4e0a\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u6211\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u5373\u201c\u8fdc\u8bfb\u201d\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u6211\u60f3\u4ece\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u8868\u660e\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5fc5\u7136\u7684\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e9b\u9002\u5408\u7684\u9009\u9879\u3002\u5b89\u5fb7\u9c81\u00b7\u683c\u5fb7\u65af\u901a(Andrew Goldstone)\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u8fdc\u8bfb\u201d\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u7a81\u51fa\u6587\u672c\u7684\u9610\u91ca(\u9605\u8bfb)\uff0c\u800c\u5ffd\u89c6\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u7ed3\u6784\u95ee\u9898<sup>[5]<\/sup>\u3002\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u00b7\u82f1\u683c\u91cc\u5e0c(James F. English)\u5df2\u7ecf\u9610\u660e\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u53ef\u4ee5\u56f4\u7ed5\u201c\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u201d(sociology of literature)\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bf4\u6cd5\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8d77\u6765<sup>[6]<\/sup>\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u5305\u62ec\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u201c\u6587\u5316\u5206\u6790\u201d(cultural analytics)\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u540c\u6837\u5408\u9002\u7684\u9009\u9879\u3002\u7b80\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u73b0\u8c61\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6211\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u662f\u7531\u4f17\u591a\u91cd\u5408\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u7ec4\u6210\u7684,\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6b62\u4e00\u79cd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u201c\u8fdc\u8bfb\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u53ef\u4ee5\u51f8\u663e\u6587\u5b66\u5386\u53f2\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5c40\u9650\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u6027\u7684\u5047\u5b9a\u3001\u65b9\u6cd5\u6216\u6240\u5206\u6790\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0a\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6211\u7406\u89e3\u683c\u5fb7\u65af\u901a\u5bf9\u8bcd\u6c47\u7684\u7591\u8651\uff0c\u53ef\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u201c\u8fdc\u8bfb\u201d\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u3001\u540c\u6837\u4e5f\u662f\u5bf9\u6587\u5b66\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u63a2\u7a76\u3002\u201c\u8fdc\u8bfb\u201d\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u6027\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5b83\u751f\u52a8\u3001\u4ee4\u4eba\u96be\u5fd8\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u50cf\u201c\u67d0\u67d0\u6316\u6398\u201d\u6216\u201c\u67d0\u67d0\u5206\u6790\u201d\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bcd\u4e00\u6837\u4ee4\u4eba\u611f\u5230\u751f\u786c\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5b83\u786e\u5b9e\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u663e\u8457\u7684\u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a\u5b83\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u662f\u65b0\u5174\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f1a\u59a8\u788d\u6211\u4eec\u5bf920\u4e16\u7eaa\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\u3002\u6211\u9700\u8981\u5728\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u7bc7\u5e45\u4e2d\u8be6\u5c3d\u53d9\u8ff0\u3002\u201c\u8fdc\u8bfb\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u7684\u786e\u662f\u83ab\u96f7\u8482\u57282000\u5e74\u524d\u540e\u521b\u9020\u7684\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4ed6\u662f\u6211\u6240\u8981\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u4f20\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5b66\u8005\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u7406\u7531\u628a\u4ed6\u53d1\u660e\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6574\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u5174\u8d77\u7684\u539f\u70b9\u3002\u201c\u8fdc\u8bfb\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u540d\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u6587\u5b66\u731c\u60f3\u300b\u4e00\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u5728\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u7efc\u8ff0\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u7814\u7a76<sup>[7]<\/sup>\u3002\u201c\u8fdc\u8bfb\u201d\u5df2\u7ecf\u9010\u6b65\u6f14\u53d8\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u6587\u5b66\u53f2\u67d0\u79cd\u5177\u4f53\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4ee3\u540d\u8bcd\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u65e0\u7591\u662f\u8fdc\u8fdc\u65e9\u4e8e\u6b64\u672f\u8bed\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u83ab\u96f7\u8482\u572821\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e4b\u521d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5f00\u521b\u4e86\u63a2\u7d22\u5b8f\u89c2\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u601d\u8def\uff0c\u8fd8\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4e3a\u65e2\u6709\u8bfe\u9898\u6ce8\u5165\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u50ac\u751f\u4e86\u65b0\u4e89\u8bba\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u83ab\u96f7\u8482\u7684\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u6211\u4e50\u4e8e\u8c08\u8bba\u66f4\u591a\uff0c\u4f46\u672c\u6587\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u4e2a\u5174\u8d77\u4e8e20\u4e16\u7eaa\u665a\u671f\u7684\u6279\u5224\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u8fd9\u5305\u62ec\u539f\u672c\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u4e66\u7c4d\u53f2\u201d\u6216\u201c\u6587\u5b66\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u201d\u4ee5\u53ca\u6700\u8fd1\u6240\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u91cf\u5316\u6027\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bfe\u9898\u7684\u5171\u901a\u70b9\u662f\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u6027\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u7814\u7a76\u793e\u4f1a\u6837\u672c\u6216\u6587\u732e\u8bc1\u636e\u6765\u56de\u7b54\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u793a\u4f8b\u6837\u672c\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u4ece\u51e0\u5341\u4e2a\u5230\u4e0a\u767e\u4e07\u4e2a\u751a\u81f3\u66f4\u591a\u3002\u6bd4\u8d77\u53bb\u89c4\u5b9a\u8868\u5f81\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u6211\u66f4\u60f3\u5f3a\u8c03\u5bf9\u6837\u672c\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u5b66\u53f2\u4e2d\u7684\u6837\u672c\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u88ab\u6784\u5efa\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u73b0\u5b9e\u5c31\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u524d\u63d0\u5f88\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u822c\u6027\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u591a\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u53ef\u80fd\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u754c\u5b9a\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u4f20\u7edf\u6587\u5b66\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4f1a\u5728\u5f00\u5934\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u6837\u672c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u54e5\u7279\u5c0f\u8bf4\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u628a\u6837\u672c\u7684\u6784\u5efa\u4ece\u5386\u53f2\u63a8\u6f14\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5206\u79bb\u5f00\u6765\uff0c\u4ece\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u6765\u8bb2\uff0c\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fd1\u4f3c\u4e8e\u8fdc\u8bfb\u4e86\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u7248\u672c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u523019\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53bb\u5bfb\u627e\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u65f6\u523b\u662f\u6beb\u65e0\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u3002\u8fdc\u8bfb\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u5f53\u67d0\u4e00\u4f4d\u6587\u5b66\u5b66\u8005\u5728\u51b3\u5b9a\u5c1d\u8bd5\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u65f6\u7075\u673a\u4e00\u52a8\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u624d\u9010\u6e10\u4ece\u5076\u7136\u7684\u53f2\u5b66\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u9010\u6b65\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u660e\u786e\u7684\u8bd5\u9a8c\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u3002<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u4e8c\u300120\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u53f6\u7684\u53d1\u5c55<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e00\u9879\u5305\u542b\u65f6\u6bb5\u66f4\u957f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9014\u5f84\u6765\u5173\u6ce8\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u6587\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u5c31\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u96f7\u8499\u5fb7\u00b7\u5a01\u5ec9\u65af\u4e5f\u662f\u503c\u5f97\u5355\u72ec\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ae0\u8282\u7684\u3002\u4ed61960\u5e74\u524d\u540e\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u5176\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\u8fd8\u5728\u652f\u6491\u7740\u8bb8\u591a\u5f53\u4ee3\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4ed6\u575a\u6301\u6587\u5b66\u6587\u5316\u4ece\u6765\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u65ad\u95ea\u73b0\u7684\u65b0\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u548c\u6b8b\u7559\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u65e7\u6709\u5f62\u5f0f\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u591a\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u5728\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5bf9\u5386\u53f2\u8fdb\u884c\u56de\u6eaf\u6027\u5730\u8f6c\u5316\u3002\u8bfb\u8fc7\u5a01\u5ec9\u65af\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u5f88\u96be\u4f1a\u60f3\u8c61\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u5b66\u8303\u4f8b\u7684\u5355\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u6216\u4e00\u4e2a\u552f\u4e00\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u6587\u732e\u53f2\u3002\u5728\u300a\u6f2b\u957f\u7684\u9769\u547d\u300b(<em>The Long Revolution<\/em>)\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u5a01\u5ec9\u65af\u4e5f\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u957f\u65f6\u6bb5(la longue dur\u00e9e)\u201d\u9884\u793a\u4e86\u5f53\u4ee3\u7684\u8fdc\u8bfb\uff0c\u5e76\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u65e0\u77e5:\u201c\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u771f\u6b63\u4e86\u89e319\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u8bfb\u8fc7\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u8bfb\u8fc7\u5b83\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u5370\u5237\u7684\u4e66\u7c4d\u8fd8\u662f\u5ec9\u4ef7\u7684\u8fde\u8f7d\u520a\u7269\u3002<sup>[8]<\/sup>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5bf9\u8fdc\u8bfb\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u89e3\u91ca\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8981\u5360\u636e\u4e66\u7c4d\u53f2\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ae0\u8282\u3002\u4e66\u7c4d\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u660e\u786e\u5730\u5b9a\u4e49\u6837\u672c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u4e0d\u80fd\u6db5\u76d6\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u4e5f\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u6587\u5b66\u53f2\u66f4\u52a0\u5177\u4f53\u5730\u5b9a\u4e49\u5176\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61,\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u628a\u751f\u4ea7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4ece\u4f20\u64ad\u548c\u9605\u8bfb\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u5206\u79bb\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u5df2\u7ecf\u662f\u5e7f\u4e3a\u4eba\u77e5\u7684\u4e86<sup>[9]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u7bc7\u5e45\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u6211\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u8df3\u5230\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u540e\u671f\u53bb\u8c08\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4ece\u4e66\u7c4d\u53f2\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\u53d1\u5c55\u540e\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u6587\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u5f00\u59cb\u7ed3\u5408\u6765\u81ea\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u8a79\u5c3c\u65af\u00b7\u83b1\u5fb7\u5a01\u7684\u300a\u9605\u8bfb\u7f57\u66fc\u53f2\u300b(<em>Reading the Romance<\/em>, 1984)\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/2-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2382\" width=\"335\" height=\"513\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/2-2.jpg 226w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/2-2-196x300.jpg 196w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 335px) 100vw, 335px\" \/><figcaption>Janice A.&nbsp;Radway,&nbsp;<em>Reading the&nbsp;Romance:&nbsp;Women, Patriarchy,&nbsp;and Popular Literature<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u6311\u6218\u4e86\u5927\u4f17\u6587\u5b66\u4ec5\u4ec5\u4f20\u64ad\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u8fd9\u4e00\u666e\u904d\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u6210\u4e86\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u5b66\u672f\u7684\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u8457\u4f5c\u3002\u83b1\u5fb7\u5a01\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6279\u8bc4\u5bb6\u4eec\u8fc7\u65e9\u5730\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u65b9\u6cd5\u63a8\u7ed9\u4e86\u8bfb\u8005\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6279\u8bc4\u5bb6\u6311\u51fa\u4e00\u672c\u901a\u4fd7\u5c0f\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fa8\u8bc6\u51fa\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u9690\u85cf\u5728\u60c5\u8282\u4e2d\u7684\u6027\u522b\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u5e76\u65ad\u5b9a\u6b64\u4e66\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u5f3a\u5316\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c4\u8303\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u505a\u6cd5\u80fd\u5728\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\u8bfb\u8005\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u60f3\u6cd5?\u8bfb\u8005\u66f4\u91cd\u89c6\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u54ea\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762?\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e66\u5728\u8bfb\u8005\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u89d2\u8272?\u83b1\u5fb7\u5a01\u901a\u8fc7\u7814\u7a76\u4e00\u7c7b\u4e0e\u67d0\u4e66\u5e97\u6709\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u5973\u6027\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u63a8\u65ad\u8bfb\u8005\u5bf9\u6545\u4e8b\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u638c\u63a7\u529b\u6bd4\u6279\u8bc4\u5bb6\u9884\u60f3\u7684\u8981\u5927\u3002\u7231\u60c5\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u7c7b\u4f3c\u201c\u72ec\u7acb\u5ba3\u8a00\u201d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6027\u522b\u89d2\u8272\u5728\u53d9\u8ff0\u4e2d\u6240\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u8fd8\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4f7f\u8bfb\u8005\u4ece\u4f5c\u4e3a\u59bb\u5b50\u548c\u6bcd\u4eb2\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u4e0e\u538b\u529b\u4e2d\u89e3\u653e\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5f88\u591a\u5173\u4e8e\u7c89\u4e1d\u6587\u5316\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u80fd\u52a8\u6027\u4f5c\u7528\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8bba\u70b9\u90fd\u5f97\u76ca\u4e8e\u83b1\u5fb7\u5a01\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5979\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u95ee\u5377\u8c03\u67e5\u3001\u91c7\u8bbf\u548c\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u800c\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5728\u6548\u4eff\u5979\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u5219\u8981\u6162\u5f97\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u88681&nbsp;&nbsp;\u83b1\u5fb7\u5a01\u5173\u4e8e\u201c\u7231\u60c5\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u201d\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u7edf\u8ba1<sup>[10]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/3-\u88681-1024x601.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2381\" width=\"826\" height=\"485\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/3-\u88681-1024x601.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/3-\u88681-300x176.jpg 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/3-\u88681-768x451.jpg 768w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/3-\u88681.jpg 1181w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 826px) 100vw, 826px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u83b1\u5fb7\u5a01\u7684\u91cf\u5316\u5f0f\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e4d\u770b\u548c\u6211\u4eec\u719f\u6089\u7684\u8fdc\u8bfb\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u76f8\u53bb\u751a\u8fdc\u3002\u5979\u4e0d\u8ba8\u8bba\u6f14\u7b97\uff0c\u5979\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u7528\u6765\u8ba1\u7b97\u548c\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8be2\u95ee\u8bfb\u8005\u6700\u770b\u91cd\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u7684\u54ea\u4e9b\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u8fdc\u8bfb\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u5c55\u5230\u6bd4\u8fd9\u66f4\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u6301\u7b80\u5355\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u83ab\u96f7\u8482\u4f9d\u9760\u53c2\u8003\u4e66\u76ee\u6765\u6d4b\u91cf\u5404\u79cd\u5199\u4f5c\u6587\u7c7b\u7684\u5bff\u547d\u5468\u671f\uff0c\u6211\u66fe\u7ecf\u8be2\u95ee\u8fc7\u8bfb\u8005\u5173\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u572890\u90e8\u7231\u60c5\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u5bf9\u65f6\u95f4\u901d\u53bb\u7684\u5370\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8bda\u7136\uff0c\u5f53\u4ee3\u8fdc\u8bfb\u901a\u5e38\u8981\u57fa\u4e8e\u6587\u672c\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u8fc7\u53bb\u4eba\u7269\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u8bc1\u636e\u800c\u975e\u57fa\u4e8e\u95ee\u5377\u8c03\u67e5\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u8fdc\u8bfb\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u66f4\u5173\u5fc3\u8bfb\u8005\u7684\u63a5\u53d7\u7a0b\u5ea6<sup>[11]<\/sup>\u3002\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u5f53\u4f60\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u91c7\u7528\u8fdc\u8bfb\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5c06\u63a5\u53d7\u7a0b\u5ea6\u63cf\u8ff0\u5f97\u8ddf\u83b1\u5fb7\u5a01\u7684\u300a\u9605\u8bfb\u7f57\u66fc\u53f2\u300b\u4e00\u6837\u4e30\u5bcc\u591a\u5f69\uff0c\u5dee\u522b\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u660e\u663e\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u60f3\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7814\u7a76\u5b9e\u8df5\u8db3\u591f\u5bbd\u6cdb\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6db5\u76d6\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6587\u672c\u8bc1\u636e\u3002\u83b1\u5fb7\u5a01\u5c06\u5979\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e0e\u4e3a\u56de\u7b54\u95ee\u9898\u6536\u96c6\u5230\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u5979\u6700\u540e\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u5206\u5f00\u6765\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5979\u8fd8\u5c06\u7814\u7a76\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5404\u65b9\u9762\u6309\u7167\u987a\u5e8f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u7b80\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u83b1\u5fb7\u5a01\u7684\u4e66\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u800c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c2\u5bdf\u6027\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002\u83b1\u5fb7\u5a01\u5e76\u975e\u5728\u6d4b\u91cf\u5e72\u9884\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5979\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4ee5\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u5047\u5b9a\u548c\u6f14\u7ece\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u6765\u8868\u8fbe\u5979\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5979\u4ece\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u89d2\u5ea6\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u8ba9\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u770b\u5230\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u65f6\u505c\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u53d1\u8868\u8bc4\u8bba\u3002\u6bd5\u7adf\uff0c\u5979\u5728\u63a2\u7d22\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u906d\u9047\u7740\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c1a\u672a\u6b63\u5f0f\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f46\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u300a\u9605\u8bfb\u7f57\u66fc\u53f2\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\u5c5e\u4e8e\u201c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7814\u7a76\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u201c\u68c0\u9a8c\u67d0\u67d0\u5047\u5b9a\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u201d\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\u7684<sup>[12]<\/sup>\u3002\u83b1\u5fb7\u5a01\u7684\u53d9\u8ff0\u5766\u7387\u800c\u6709\u8da3\uff0c\u8fd9\u672c\u8457\u4f5c\u53ef\u80fd\u8bfb\u8d77\u6765\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u50cf\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u4e66\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5979\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4fee\u8f9e\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u5c3d\u91cf\u8c28\u614e\u5730\u907f\u514d\u8bc1\u5b9e\u6027\u504f\u89c1(confirmation bias)\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u8303\u56f4\u5b9a\u4e49\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u548c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u6837\u672c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u968f\u610f\u5f15\u7ecf\u636e\u5178\u5730\u8fce\u5408\u65e9\u5df2\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u6240\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u83b1\u5fb7\u5a01\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5979\u76ee\u524d\u5728\u6559\u6388\u4f20\u64ad\u5b66\u3002\u4f46\u5176\u4ed6\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u4e5f\u8fd8\u5f98\u5f8a\u5728\u300a\u9605\u8bfb\u7f57\u66fc\u53f2\u300b\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u3002\u6b64\u4e66\u7684\u95ee\u5377\u8c03\u67e5\u548c\u91c7\u8bbf\u4e5f\u90fd\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u76f8\u547c\u5e94\u3002\u5f53\u83b1\u5fb7\u5a01\u5ba1\u89c6\u7f57\u66fc\u53f2\u5c0f\u8bf4\u672c\u8eab\u65f6\uff0c\u5979\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u53c8\u540c\u65f6\u547c\u5e94\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u548c\u7ed3\u6784\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u5730\u9605\u8bfb\u4e8620\u90e8\u7231\u60c5\u5c0f\u8bf4\u540e\uff0c\u5979\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u201c\u4e8c\u5143\u5bf9\u7acb\u201d\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u5b83\u628a\u5973\u4e3b\u89d2\u3001\u5973\u914d\u89d2\u3001\u7537\u4e3b\u89d2\u548c\u7537\u914d\u89d2\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u79f0\u7684\u7ed3\u6784<sup>[13]<\/sup>\u3002\u5979\u7528\u6b63\u8d1f\u53f7\u6765\u8868\u8ff0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u6784\u5f53\u4e2d\u7684\u4e24\u6781\u5bf9\u7acb\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8fd9\u8ba9\u4eba\u56de\u60f3\u8d77\u5217\u7ef4-\u65bd\u7279\u52b3\u65af\u300a\u91ce\u6027\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u300b(<em>The Savage Mind<\/em>, 1965)\u4e2d\u7684\u56fe\u89e3\u3002\u5979\u5bf9\u6bcf\u90e8\u5c0f\u8bf4\u8fdb\u884c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5316\u53d6\u6837\u548c\u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u6b63\u547c\u5e94\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u5bb6\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5927\u4f17\u5a92\u4f53\u201c\u5185\u5bb9\u5206\u6790\u201d\u7684\u624b\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6216\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u6765\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e00\u70b9:\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u4e0d\u662f\u83b1\u5fb7\u5a01\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u3002\u5f53\u4ee3\u7684\u8fdc\u8bfb\u8fd8\u53d7\u5230\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u6b64\u4f20\u7edf\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u8bed\u8a00\u7ec6\u8282\u7684\u91cf\u5316\u5206\u6790\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f20\u7edf\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u627f\u8ba4\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5728\u5173\u4e8e\u8fdc\u8bfb\u7684\u5f53\u4ee3\u53d9\u8ff0\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u53ef\u80fd\u663e\u5f97\u6709\u4e9b\u8fc7\u4e8e\u62a2\u773c\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u8303\u7574\u548c\u83b1\u5fb7\u5a01\u63a2\u6c42\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u8303\u7574\u540c\u7b49\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u6211\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u8ba9\u4e24\u4e2a\u79d1\u76ee\u4e00\u8f83\u9ad8\u4e0b\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u540c\u65f6\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u7406\u89e3\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6b64\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u7a0b\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u666e\u904d\u6027\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u5927\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u53f2\u77e5\u8bc6\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u8bed\u8a00\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u522b\u7684\u9b54\u529b(\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u5728\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0a\u7684\u6743\u5a01)\u3002\u9879\u76ee\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b66\u4f1a\u5982\u4f55\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u907f\u514d\u8bc1\u5b9e\u6027\u504f\u89c1\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u68c0\u9a8c\u5927\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u5047\u5b9a\u524d\u63d0\u3002\u82e5\u975e\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u5f88\u96be\u53d6\u5f97\u8fd9\u79cd\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5f15\u752810\u4e07\u90e8\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8bc1\u636e\u7684\u9886\u57df\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u8bc1\u5b9e\u6027\u504f\u89c1\u4f1a\u8ba9\u6240\u6709\u6982\u62ec\u90fd\u540c\u6837\u6b63\u786e\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u4f60\u60f3\u51fa\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6765\u9650\u5236\u4f60\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u6240\u8bf4:\u201c\u62e5\u6709\u4e30\u5bcc\u8bc1\u636e\u7684\u9886\u57df\u9700\u8981\u67d0\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u9650\u5236\u2018\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u7a0b\u5ea6\u2019\u201d<sup>[14]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong><br><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u4e09\u3001\u83ab\u96f7\u8482\u7684\u8d21\u732e<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u83b1\u5fb7\u5a01\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u5728\u6574\u4e2a1990\u5e74\u4ee3\u53d7\u5230\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u5b66\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u754c\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u8d5e\u626c\u548c\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u5979\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5374\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5730\u91c7\u7528\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u00b7\u82f1\u683c\u91cc\u5e0c\u6240\u6307\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u90fd\u4f1a\u5feb\u901f\u5730\u4ece\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u5bb6\u90a3\u91cc\u501f\u7528\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5374\u8fdf\u8fdf\u4e0d\u501f\u7528\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<sup>[15]<\/sup>\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8fdf\u7591\u627e\u501f\u53e3\uff0c\u4f46\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u8fd8\u8981\u5f52\u7ed3\u4e8e\u4f53\u5236\u7684\u60f0\u6027:\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u8bfe\u7a0b\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u6559\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u5185\u5bb9\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\u6216\u6d89\u53ca\u6570\u5b57\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u662f\u6cbf\u7740\u300a\u9605\u8bfb\u7f57\u66fc\u53f2\u300b\u4e2d\u6240\u5efa\u8bae\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u800c\u53d1\u5c55\u8d77\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e00\u4f4d\u4e0e\u8fdc\u8bfb\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5b66\u8005\uff0c\u5728\u300a\u6587\u5b66\u5c60\u573a\u300b\u4e2d\u5199\u9053:\u83ab\u96f7\u8482\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f16\u7801\u65b9\u6848\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u4fa6\u63a2\u5c0f\u8bf4\u201c\u7ebf\u7d22\u201d\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u800c\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bfb\u4e86\u5927\u7ea620\u4e2a\u6545\u4e8b\u6837\u672c\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0b\u7ebf\u7d22\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u5b58\u5728\u4e0e\u5426\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6545\u4e8b\u6392\u5e8f\u6210\u6811\u72b6\u56fe(\u89c1\u56fe1)<sup>[16]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u975e\u5e38\u63a5\u8fd1\u83b1\u5fb7\u5a01\u5bf9\u7231\u60c5\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5:\u4ece20\u90e8\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u6837\u672c\uff0c\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf\u9605\u8bfb\u627e\u5bfb\u5177\u4f53\u7279\u70b9\u7684\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u518d\u5230\u56fe\u6807\u4e2d\u8868\u793a\u4e24\u6781\u7684\u6b63\u8d1f\u53f7\u3002\u6211\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8bf4\u83ab\u96f7\u8482\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u53d7\u5230\u300a\u9605\u8bfb\u7f57\u66fc\u53f2\u300b\u7684\u7279\u522b\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u662f\u4e24\u4f4d\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u76f4\u63a5\u6765\u81ea\u7ed3\u6784\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u3002\u4f46\u65e0\u8bba\u6b64\u5f71\u54cd\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u6587\u5b66\u6279\u8bc4\u8fd8\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u8d2f\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u5bfb\u7684\u3002\u83ab\u96f7\u8482\u8865\u5145\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u83b1\u5fb7\u5a01\u6240\u6ca1\u6709\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u57282000\u5e74\u4ed6\u7684\u8bba\u8bc1\u6700\u80fd\u6fc0\u8d77\u8bfb\u8005\u9707\u60ca\u3001\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5176\u601d\u8003\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u4f46\u4ece\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u83ab\u96f7\u8482\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u5047\u8bf4\u5e76\u4e0d\u6bd4\u83b1\u5fb7\u5a01\u5bf9\u95ee\u5377\u8c03\u67e5\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u66f4\u5177\u6709\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5173\u952e\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u6210\u4e3a\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u5b66\u8005\u6765\u8bf4\u957f\u671f\u8df5\u884c\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u578b\u7814\u7a76\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u628a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6765\u5f00\u5c55\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/4-\u56fe1-1024x696.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2380\" width=\"591\" height=\"402\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/4-\u56fe1-1024x696.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/4-\u56fe1-300x204.jpg 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/4-\u56fe1-768x522.jpg 768w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/4-\u56fe1.jpg 1417w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 591px) 100vw, 591px\" \/><figcaption>\u56fe1&nbsp;&nbsp;\u4fa6\u63a2\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u7ebf\u7d22\u548c\u8d77\u6e90<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8bda\u7136\uff0c\u5bf9\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6027\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u8ddf\u666e\u901a\u91cf\u676f\u548c\u68f1\u955c\u7b49\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u6709\u5173\u201c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u201d\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u5e72\u9884\u8fc7\u53bb\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u95ee\u5b83\u662f\u5426\u50cf\u6211\u4eec\u5047\u5b9a\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u90a3\u6837\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u662f\u5728\u56fa\u5b9a\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u201c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u201d\u7684\u5730\u8d28\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u90fd\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u95ee\u9898<sup>[17]<\/sup>\u3002\u8fdc\u8bfb\u662f\u4e00\u95e8\u5386\u53f2\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u5b83\u9700\u8981\u501f\u9274\u8bf8\u5982\u5361\u7f57\u5c14\u00b7\u514b\u83b1\u5170\u5fb7(Carol Cleland)\u5b9a\u4e49\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5021\u5bfc\u4ee5\u672a\u6765\u4e3a\u5bfc\u5411\u7684\u5e72\u9884\uff0c\u66f4\u575a\u6301\u8ba9\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5177\u6709\u201c\u4e0d\u53d7\u5230\u65e2\u6210\u8ba4\u5b9a\u8bef\u5bfc\u201d\u7684\u5047\u8bbe<sup>[18]<\/sup>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6587\u5b66\u53f2\u5bb6\u53ef\u8bbe\u5b9a\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e9b\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u5f97\u51fa\u7ed3\u8bba\u4e4b\u524d\u6240\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u6587\u732e\u6837\u672c\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u53ef\u4f9b\u8bd5\u9a8c\u7684\u5047\u5b9a\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u9650\u5ea6\u5730\u51cf\u5c0f\u7531\u65e2\u6210\u8ba4\u5b9a\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u8bef\u5bfc\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u79f0\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e3a\u6700\u4f4e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u201c\u79d1\u5b66\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u6697\u793a\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u7a81\u7136\u63a5\u53d7\u6240\u8c13\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u4e60\u60ef\u3002\u60f3\u8c61\u6027\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u4f5c\u54c1\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8bfb\u8005\u559c\u6b22\u5b83\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8ba9\u4e00\u4e1d\u4e0d\u82df\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8017\u5c3d\u4e86\u5199\u4f5c\u7684\u70ed\u60c5\u548c\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6587\u5b66\u6279\u8bc4\u5c06\u4e00\u65e0\u6240\u83b7\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u53f2\u5bb6\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u4ee5\u67d0\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c06\u7f1c\u5bc6\u548c\u7b80\u5355\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5e76\u51cf\u5c11\u90a3\u4e9b\u9519\u7efc\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7ec6\u679d\u672b\u8282\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u5173\u6ce8\u8bfe\u9898\u7684\u81f4\u547d\u6027\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fee\u8f9e\u6027\u7684\u9650\u5236\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u8fdc\u8bfb\u4f1a\u201c\u8ffd\u6c42\u201d\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5:\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u7531\u5bf9\u5386\u53f2\u5bbd\u5ea6\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\u6240\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u4e5f\u88ab\u9002\u5408\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u6240\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u540c\u610f\u514b\u83b1\u5170\u5fb7\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u5bf9\u8bb8\u591a\u5b66\u8005\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u8fdc\u8bfb\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u672f\u8bed\u4f9d\u65e7\u662f\u7531\u4e8e2000\u5e74\u524d\u540e\u6240\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u8bed\u5883\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u4e00\u573a\u56f4\u7ed5\u7740\u6587\u5b66\u6b63\u5178\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6301\u4e45\u4e89\u8bba\u7684\u9876\u5cf0\u3002\u4fee\u6b63\u6587\u5b66\u6b63\u5178\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5f00\u59cb\u4e8e\u89e3\u51b3\u79cd\u65cf\u548c\u6027\u522b\u5728\u6587\u5b66\u9605\u8bfb\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5931\u8861\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u52301990\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\uff0c\u66f4\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5730\u6269\u5c55\u81f3\u8bd5\u56fe\u6062\u590d\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u6b63\u5178\u8303\u56f4\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u201c\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u672a\u88ab\u9605\u8bfb\u5230\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u201d<sup>[19]<\/sup>\u3002\u867d\u7136\u6b64\u8bdd\u9898\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5f71\u54cd\u6108\u6765\u6108\u5206\u6563\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4ecd\u7136\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u6587\u5b66\u6b63\u5178\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u70ed\u60c5\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8bfb\u8fc7\u83ab\u96f7\u8482\u65e9\u671f\u9488\u5bf9\u5927\u91cf\u6587\u732e\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u5c06\u5176\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u89c4\u8303\u6027\u8bba\u8bc1\uff0c\u5373\u552f\u4e00\u6709\u6548\u7684\u6587\u732e\u6837\u672c\u662f\u6700\u5177\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u7684\u6837\u672c\u3002\u83ab\u96f7\u8482\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u5730\u80af\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u7ae0\u6709\u65f6\u4f1a\u8ba9\u8bfb\u8005\u4ea7\u751f\u8fd9\u79cd\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u88ab\u9057\u5fd8\u7684\u4e66\u7c4d\u7684\u6863\u6848\u9986\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u201c\u5c60\u573a\u201d\uff0c\u547c\u5e94\u4e86\u4e0e\u6062\u590d\u4f7f\u547d\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u9053\u4e49\u611f\u4f24\u3002\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u611f\u4f24\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u6027\u529b\u91cf\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bfe\u9898\u4e2d\u6700\u6301\u4e45\u548c\u6700\u5177\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u662f\u8bfb\u8005\u5e94\u8be5\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u8bfb\u8005\u7ecf\u5e38\u8bb0\u4f4f\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u83ab\u96f7\u8482\u575a\u6301\u8981\u91cd\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u5927\u9650\u5ea6\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u6863\u6848\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u6709\u5173\u8fdc\u8bfb\u82b1\u5927\u91cf\u65f6\u95f4\u4e89\u8bba\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u6279\u8bc4\u5bb6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u6240\u6709\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684<sup>[20]<\/sup>\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6bcb\u5eb8\u7f6e\u7591\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6709\u65f6\u63a8\u65ad(\u66f4\u5177\u4e89\u8bae\u6027\u7684\u662f)\uff0c\u5168\u9762\u6027\u751a\u81f3\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5408\u9002\u7684\u76ee\u6807<sup>[21]<\/sup>\u3002\u6211\u4e0d\u5728\u6b64\u91cd\u6f14\u4e89\u8bba\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u770b\u6765\u8fd9\u662f\u5728\u6d6a\u8d39\u7cbe\u529b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u6709\u6548\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5448\u73b0\u8fc7\u53bb\u3002\u5bf9\u6587\u5b66\u4f5c\u54c1\u751f\u4ea7\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u60f3\u63a5\u8fd1\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u6587\u5b66\u4f5c\u54c1\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u5219\u66f4\u559c\u6b22\u5173\u6ce8\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u5219\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u8bfb\u8005\u3002\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u6709\u5173\u4eba\u7c7b\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u53c2\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u5e7f\u5ea6\u7684\u5171\u65f6\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u8981\u6bd4\u5386\u65f6\u6027\u8303\u56f4\u95ee\u9898\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u62bd\u6837\u7b56\u7565\u90fd\u6709\u5176\u7528\u9014\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u7406\u7531\u5728\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u505a\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u6587\u5b66\u6b63\u5178\u4e89\u8bba\u7684\u540e\u9057\u75c7\u4e5f\u8bb8\u8ba9\u6587\u5b66\u5b66\u8005\u6709\u70b9\u6025\u4e8e\u5f3a\u8feb\u81ea\u5df1\u505a\u51fa\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u5728\u770b\u5230\u8bb8\u591a\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bdd\u9898\u7684\u4e0d\u6210\u719f\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u5c3d\u91cf\u4e0d\u53c2\u52a0\u4efb\u4f55\u4e0d\u540c\u6837\u672c\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6211\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u8fd9\u573a\u4e89\u8bba\u5bf9\u201c\u88ab\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u95ee\u9898\u201d\u6709\u6240\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u8003\u8651\u5230\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6837\u672c\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u662f\u4e3a\u7279\u5b9a\u76ee\u7684\u800c\u88ab\u6682\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u662f\u6b63\u5178\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u62bd\u8c61\u5730\u8ba8\u8bba\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u4f60\u662f\u770b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e07\u7bc7\u6666\u6da9\u7684\u6587\u732e\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u4e24\u767e\u7bc7\u7cbe\u5fc3\u7f16\u6392\u7684\u6587\u7a3f\uff0c\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u8fd8\u662f\u5f88\u660e\u663e\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6700\u521d\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5728\u201c\u5173\u4e8e\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u6784\u6210\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u76f8\u5173\u548c\u5408\u7406\u7684\u5206\u6790\u6837\u672c\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u201d\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u505c\u6ede\u4e0d\u524d\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684<sup>[22]<\/sup>\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u6ca1\u6709\u6b63\u786e\u7b54\u6848\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6682\u7f13\u4e89\u8bba\u800c\u5f00\u59cb\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e0d\u540c\u6837\u672c\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u5c06\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u884c\u5f97\u66f4\u597d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-rounded\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/5-Franco.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2379\" width=\"356\" height=\"356\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/5-Franco.jpg 454w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/5-Franco-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/5-Franco-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 356px) 100vw, 356px\" \/><figcaption>\u5f17\u5170\u514b\u00b7\u83ab\u96f7\u8482(Franco Moretti)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5173\u4e8e\u83ab\u96f7\u8482\u5728\u8fdc\u8bfb\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u6211\u4e00\u76f4\u5c3d\u91cf\u5bf9\u5176\u8f7b\u63cf\u6de1\u5199\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d21\u732e\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5177\u6709\u660e\u786e\u610f\u4e49\u7684:\u4ed6\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u5305\u62ec\u975e\u7ecf\u5178\u8457\u4f5c\u5728\u5185\u7684\u6837\u672c\u7684\u5168\u9762\u6027\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6211\u786e\u5b9e\u8ba4\u4e3a21\u4e16\u7eaa\u6b64\u7c7b\u6027\u8d28\u7814\u7a76\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u662f\u5f52\u529f\u4e8e\u83ab\u96f7\u8482\u7684\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8bf4\u660e\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u6bd4\u5f15\u7528\u300a\u6587\u5b66\u5c60\u573a\u300b\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6bb5\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u4e86:\u201c\u7edd\u4f73\u7684\u673a\u9047\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e0a\u672a\u88ab\u62d3\u5c55\u7684\u5e7f\u9614\u5929\u5730\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u53d6\u591a\u6837\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ee5\u53ca\u771f\u6b63\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u6587\u5b66\u53f2\u4e0a\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u3002\u7edd\u597d\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u6781\u5927\u7684\u6311\u6218&#8230;&#8230;\u8fd9\u9700\u8981\u5728\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u65b9\u9762\u5177\u6709\u6700\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u52c7\u6c14\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u65e0\u4eba\u77e5\u6653\u5341\u5e74\u540e\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u77e5\u8bc6\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u597d\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u5728\u4e8e\u77e5\u8bc6\u7acb\u573a\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u591a\u6837\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u5b8c\u5168\u8bda\u6073\u3001\u76f4\u8a00\u4e0d\u8bb3\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u65e2\u5b9a\u79e9\u5e8f\uff0c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u865a\u4e0e\u59d4\u86c7\uff0c\u4e0d\u7528\u59a5\u534f\uff0c\u4e0d\u7528\u5bf9\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u6743\u52bf\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u56e2\u4f53\u732e\u5a9a\uff0c\u767e\u65e0\u7981\u5fcc\u3002\u201d<sup>[23]<\/sup>\u83ab\u96f7\u8482\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u8d21\u732e\u4e3e\u8db3\u8f7b\u91cd:\u5176\u4e00\uff0c\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\u6587\u5b66\u53f2\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u88ab\u8be6\u7ec6\u7814\u7a76\u8fc7\u4e86\u7684\u3001\u7cbe\u5fc3\u7ed8\u5236\u7684\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u672a\u88ab\u62d3\u5c55\u7684\u5e7f\u9614\u5929\u5730\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u5b83\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u9762\u8c8c\u77e5\u4e4b\u751a\u5c11\u3002\u6211\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u610f\u601d\u662f\uff0c\u83ab\u96f7\u8482\u7ed9\u8fdc\u8bfb\u6ce8\u5165\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u4ece\u800c\u91cd\u5851\u4e86\u5b83\u3002\u5176\u4e8c\uff0c\u6211\u60f3\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u63a8\u65ad\uff0c\u5373\u5f7c\u6b64\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u6027\u4e3b\u5f20\u4e4b\u95f4\u8981\u4e92\u4e3a\u59a5\u534f\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u50cf\u5f88\u591a\u6587\u5b66\u5b66\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7684\u90a3\u822c\u7d27\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u91c7\u7528\u8fdc\u8bfb\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u540c\u884c\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e00\u76f4\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u8bef\u89e3\u3002\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u8fd9\u95e8\u5b66\u79d1\u4e00\u76f4\u56f4\u7ed5\u7740\u89c4\u8303\u6027\u8fa9\u8bba\u800c\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fa9\u8bba\u90fd\u65e8\u5728\u5b9a\u4e49\u6587\u5b66\u6279\u8bc4\u5bb6\u5e94\u8be5\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4ece19\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u6279\u8bc4\u4e2d\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e86\u5f3a\u8c03\u8fd9\u79cd\u95ee\u9898\u6027\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u4eca\u5929\u4f9d\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u5386\u53f2\u4e0e\u5f62\u5f0f\u3001\u8868\u9762\u4e0e\u6df1\u5ea6\u3001\u6279\u8bc4\u4e0e\u6b23\u8d4f\u76f8\u5bf9\u6297\u7684\u6fc0\u70c8\u4e89\u8fa9\u4e2d\u3002\u6839\u690d\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u7406\u6240\u5f53\u7136\u5730\u5e0c\u671b\u5c06\u8fdc\u8bfb\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u540c\u79cd\u7c7b\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u6027\u7acb\u573a\u3002\u5927\u6982\u91c7\u7528\u8fdc\u8bfb\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4e5f\u5728\u8868\u8fbe\u4e00\u79cd\u8bf8\u5982\u5bf9\u201c\u7ec6\u8bfb(close reading)\u201d\u7684\u539f\u5219\u6027\u53cd\u5bf9\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u5c31\u81ea\u7136\u662f\u8fa9\u8bc1\u5730\u5426\u5b9a\u8fd1\u4e0e\u8fdc\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u4eec\u5f80\u5f80\u975e\u5e38\u4e50\u4e8e\u63d0\u4f9b\u8fd9\u7c7b\u6298\u4e2d\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848<sup>[24]<\/sup>\u3002\u5bf9\u6587\u5b66\u6279\u8bc4\u5bb6\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u660e\u663e\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u3002\u4f46\u4ece\u8fdc\u8bfb\u5185\u90e8\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u5728\u80e1\u8bcc\u3002\u91c7\u7528\u8fdc\u8bfb\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5e76\u4e0d\u53cd\u5bf9\u7ec6\u8bfb\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ea\u662f\u6307\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u4e8e\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u5730\u56fe\u4e0a\u7684\u7a7a\u767d\u533a\u57df\u2014\u2014\u90a3\u91cc\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u5173\u4e8e\u5927\u91cf\u6837\u672c\u6216\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u8f74\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u2014\u2014\u4ee5\u8868\u660e\u201c\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u771f\u6b63\u77e5\u9053\u90a3\u91cc\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u201d\u3002\u627f\u8ba4\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u65e0\u77e5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u51fa\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u59a5\u534f\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u8fd9\u9700\u8981\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u56de\u5e94\u3002\u4e0e\u5176\u5c06\u8fdc\u8bfb\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u8be5\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u6027\u8bba\u8bc1\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u901a\u8fc7\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u8be2\u95ee\u5b83\u6240\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u76f2\u70b9\u662f\u5426\u8fd8\u542b\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u6765\u5224\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u5f53\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u504f\u89c1\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u3002\u5c31\u6211\u4e2a\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5f53\u745e\u5b89\u00b7\u970d\u4f0a\u6cfd\u5c14(Ryan Heuser)\u548c\u6717\u00b7\u52d2-\u51ef\u514b(Long Le-Khac)\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u8bc1\u636e,\u8bc1\u660e19\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u91cc\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ece\u62bd\u8c61\u5230\u5177\u4f53\u63cf\u5199\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u3001\u5927\u8303\u56f4\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u5f00\u59cb\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u57282012\u5e74\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u6210\u7ee9<sup>[25]<\/sup>\u3002\u968f\u540e\u51e0\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u8fdc\u8bfb\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u63a2\u7d22\u4e86\u6709\u5173\u91d1\u94b1\u3001\u6027\u522b\u3001\u79cd\u65cf\u3001\u5730\u57df\u4e0e\u6587\u5b66\u4f20\u64ad\u7b49\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bf8\u5982\u4f53\u88c1\u3001\u60c5\u8282\u3001\u60c5\u611f\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u7b49\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\u7684\u95ee\u9898<sup>[26]<\/sup>\u3002\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u4ecd\u65e0\u6cd5\u5c31\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u8fbe\u6210\u5171\u8bc6\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u970d\u4f0a\u6cfd\u5c14\u548c\u52d2-\u51ef\u514b\u5728\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u4ece\u62bd\u8c61\u5230\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u8fd9\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u6587\u5b66\u548c\u975e\u6587\u5b66\u8bed\u8a00\u98ce\u683c\u5f00\u59cb\u5728\u5927\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u5206\u9053\u626c\u9573\u3001\u5f7c\u6b64\u8fe5\u5f02\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u8bd7\u6b4c\u3001\u975e\u865a\u6784\u4f5c\u54c1\u548c\u5c0f\u8bf4<sup>[27]<\/sup>\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d1\u73b0\u90fd\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5\u5f80\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u5fc3\u7167\u4e0d\u5ba3\u6216\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6240\u5df2\u7ecf\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u2014\u2014\u5c31\u50cf\u6000\u7591\u8bba\u8005\u6709\u65f6\u8bf4\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u2014\u2014\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u80af\u5b9a\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u77e5\u9053\u4e86\u90a3\u4e48\u591a\u76f8\u4e92\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u201c\u77e5\u9053\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u663e\u5f97\u51fa\u5947\u7684\u6177\u6168\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u7a7a\u6c14\u6cf5\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u9a6c\u4e0a\u8bf4\u670d\u8bfb\u8005\u6709\u771f\u7a7a\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u56f4\u7ed5\u65b0\u8bc1\u636e\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5171\u8bc6\u5448\u73b0\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u7f13\u6162\u3002\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u7ed3\u8bba\u4fdd\u6301\u8c28\u614e\u662f\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4e1d\u6beb\u4e0d\u6000\u7591\u6587\u5b66\u5b66\u672f\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u76f2\u70b9\u3002\u6587\u5b66\u53f2\u4e0a\u8bb8\u591a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u81f3\u4eca\u8fd8\u672a\u5f97\u5230\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u5bf9\u5355\u4e2a\u4f5c\u54c1\u9605\u8bfb\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u5f88\u96be\u88ab\u9886\u609f\u5230\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><br><strong><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u56db\u3001\u8fdc\u8bfb\u4e0e\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5230\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u6211\u5bf9\u6570\u5b57\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u5bf9\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u66f4\u662f\u53ea\u5b57\u672a\u63d0\u3002\u6211\u628a\u8fdc\u8bfb\u5b9a\u6027\u4e3a\u65e9\u671f\u5b8f\u89c2\u6587\u5b66\u53f2\u5f62\u5f0f\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5ef6\u7eed\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u6e10\u8fdb\u6027\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6027\u65b9\u6cd5\u800c\u6709\u6240\u533a\u5206\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5728\u5f97\u51fa\u7ed3\u8bba\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u7531\u6837\u672c\u548c\u5047\u8bbe\u6784\u6210\u7684\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u4f20\u7edf\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6700\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6700\u8fd1\u90fd\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u800c\u975e\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u5426\u8ba4\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u768425\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u878d\u5408\u4e86\u8ba1\u7b97\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u878d\u5408\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u590d\u6742\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u5728\u6b64\u4e0d\u505a\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u8003\u9a6c\u514b\u00b7\u5965\u5c14\u68ee(Mark Olsen)\u53ca\u5176\u5728\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u7684ARTEL(American and French Research on the Treasury of the French Language)\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u9a6c\u4fee\u00b7\u7ea6\u514b\u65af\u4e0e\u5176\u65af\u5766\u798f\u6587\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u6602\u65af\u6c83\u65af(John Unsworth)\u4e0e\u5176\u6d89\u53ca\u7fa4\u5c9b\u5c45\u6c11\u7684MONK(Metadata Offer New Knowledge)\u9879\u76ee\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u54ea\u4e00\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u5f88\u660e\u663e\u7684\uff0c\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5df2\u7ecf\u5145\u6ee1\u4e86\u7531\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u68c0\u7d22\u548c\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u65b9\u6cd5\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002\u6211\u4e0d\u6253\u7b97\u8f7b\u89c6\u8fd9\u79cd\u878d\u5408\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u804c\u4e1a\u751f\u6daf\u4e2d\u6700\u6fc0\u52a8\u4eba\u5fc3\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u6211\u8981\u611f\u8c22\u6211\u521a\u624d\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u4e5f\u4e0d\u60f3\u8bf4\u8ba1\u7b97\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fbe\u5230\u83b1\u5fb7\u5a01\u548c\u83ab\u96f7\u8482\u5df2\u7ecf\u5145\u5206\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u8005\u5e38\u5e38\u5047\u5b9a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u5728\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u4e2d\u4ec5\u5e94\u8be5\u4fdd\u7559\u5176\u5de5\u5177\u6027\uff0c\u7edd\u4e0d\u5e94\u201c\u6311\u6218\u201d\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u201c\u57fa\u672c\u6807\u51c6\u6216\u7a0b\u5e8f\u201d<sup>[28]<\/sup>\uff0c\u8fd9\u8bef\u89e3\u4e86\u8ba1\u7b97\u5b66\u79d1\u5728\u5b66\u672f\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5728\u4e8e\u52a0\u901f\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6216\u6269\u5927\u5176\u89c4\u6a21\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u6b63\u5728\u7ed9\u6587\u5b66\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u5e26\u6765\u65b0\u7684\u8bfe\u9898<sup>[29]<\/sup>\uff0c\u5e76\u9f13\u52b1\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u5177\u6709\u7406\u8bba\u7279\u8272\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u6784\u5efa\u73b0\u5b58\u95ee\u9898<sup>[30]<\/sup>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u601d\u8003\u6587\u5b66\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u5168\u65b0\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u4f53\u88c1\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u662f\u56f4\u7ed5\u7740\u677e\u6563\u7684\u5bb6\u65cf\u8c31\u7cfb\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8d77\u6765\u7684<sup>[31]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/6-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2378\" width=\"339\" height=\"508\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/6-2.jpg 267w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/6-2-200x300.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 339px) 100vw, 339px\" \/><figcaption>Steven E. Jones,&nbsp;<em>The Emergence of the Digital Humanities<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7b80\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u6211\u4e1d\u6beb\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u52a8\u673a\u53bb\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u4e25\u683c\u575a\u6301\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u53f2\u5185\u5411\u5316\u3002\u7136\u800c\u6211\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u8fdc\u8bfb\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u6587\u5b66\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8ba1\u7b97\u5b66\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8fdc\u8bfb\u6709\u591a\u91cd\u7cfb\u8c31\u5e76\u6839\u690d\u4e8e\u8bb8\u591a\u5b66\u79d1\u3002\u4f46\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u8ffd\u6eaf\u548c\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u8fd8\u662f\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u53bb\u5f3a\u8c03\u83ab\u96f7\u8482\u3001\u83b1\u5fb7\u5a01\u548c\u5a01\u5ec9\u65af\u7684\u601d\u8def\u3002\u6211\u7684\u7406\u7531\u5f88\u7b80\u5355:\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u80fd\u591f\u4ea7\u751f\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u7ed3\u679c\u2014\u2014\u4e0d\u7ba1\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u7528\u5230\u7535\u8111\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u8b6c\u5982\u4ec5\u9760\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u793e\u4f1a\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8\u6587\u5b66\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u73b0\u72b6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5766\u7387\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u4e0a\u8fd0\u7528\u4e8630\u5e74\uff0c\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u5bf9\u6b64\u5b66\u79d1\u9020\u6210\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u300a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e0e\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u300b(<em>Computers and the Humanities<\/em>)\u6742\u5fd7\u521b\u520a\u4e8e1966\u5e74\uff0c\u5b83\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u91ce\u5fc3\u52c3\u52c3\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u754c\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e3a\u97f3\u97f5\u5b66\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u5efa\u7acb\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u8bed\u8a00\u6559\u5b66\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u4f46\u6574\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\u5bf9\u6587\u5b66\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u5f71\u54cd\u751a\u5fae\u3002\u65af\u5766\u5229\u00b7\u8d39\u5e0c(Stanley Fish)\u57281970\u5e74\u4ee3\u5c31\u6709\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf<sup>[32]<\/sup>;\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u00b7\u5965\u5c14\u68ee\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5168\u7136\u5426\u8ba4\uff0c\u4ed6\u57281993\u5e74\u7684\u300a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e0e\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u4e0a\u5199\u9053:\u201c\u7528\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8f85\u52a9\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u672a\u80fd\u5bf9\u6574\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u4ea7\u751f\u91cd\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u201d<sup>[33]<\/sup>\u6839\u636e\u5965\u5c14\u68ee\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u9519\u8bef\u5728\u4e8e\u901a\u8fc7\u7814\u7a76\u201c\u5355\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\u6216\u5355\u4e2a\u4f5c\u8005\u6240\u6709\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\u5fae\u5999\u7684\u8bed\u610f\u6216\u6587\u6cd5\u7ed3\u6784\u201d\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u201c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u5176\u6587\u672c\u6587\u732e\u6548\u679c\u201d\u3002\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u662f\u201c\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u201d\u56de\u7b54\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b0\u7684\u8bc4\u5224\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u201c\u5f80\u5f80\u4f7f\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4e0d\u80fd\u79ef\u6781\u5730\u8fd0\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u63d0\u95ee\u8be5\u5de5\u5177\u66f4\u9002\u5408\u7528\u6765\u56de\u7b54\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5373\u5bf9\u6d77\u91cf\u7b80\u5355\u8bed\u8a00\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u201d\u3002<sup>[34]<\/sup>\u5965\u5c14\u68ee\u63a5\u7740\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u66f4\u5177\u8bbd\u523a\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u66f4\u4e3a\u5e7f\u6cdb\u3001\u66f4\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6b63\u662f\u6700\u8fd1\u6587\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u53d1\u5c55\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684(\u4ed6\u5f15\u7528Roland Barthes\u3001Michel Foucault\u548cM. A. K. Halliday)\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7814\u7a76\u90e8\u95e8\u80fd\u591f\u4e92\u76f8\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u5206\u6790\u5c31\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6700\u7ec8\u5728\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5360\u636e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u8ba9\u6211\u57281990\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5173\u6ce8\u5230\u8fdc\u8bfb<sup>[35]<\/sup>\uff0c\u6211\u4ecd\u7136\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u5148\u89c1\u4e4b\u660e\u7684\u8bba\u70b9\u3002\u5965\u5c14\u68ee\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u5bf9\u7acb\u4e0d\u4e88\u7406\u4f1a\uff0c\u5373\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7531\u6070\u5f53\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u95ee\u9898\u6765\u5851\u9020\u4e0e\u5141\u8bb8\u7814\u7a76\u88ab\u6570\u5b57\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u6765\u5f15\u5bfc\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5bf9\u7acb\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4ed6\u540c\u65f6\u8003\u8651\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u683c\u5c40\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u5e76\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ea4\u53c9\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u95ee\u9898\u78b0\u5de7\u4e0e\u65b0\u7684\u6280\u672f\u4f18\u52bf\u76f8\u4ea4\u53e0\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4ea4\u53c9\u533a\u57df\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u662f\u6781\u5177\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u5965\u5c14\u68ee\u7684\u9884\u8a00\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e5f\u90fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u3002\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\u4e2a\u522b\u6587\u732e\u548c\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u4f5c\u8005\u8eab\u4efd\u8bc6\u522b(\u91cd\u8981\u4f46\u5355\u4e00)\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u4ecd\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5c11\u3002\u4f46\u73b0\u4eca\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\u5bf9\u6587\u5b66\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u53ef\u8fd0\u7528\u4e8e\u5927\u578b\u6570\u5b57\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u6307\u5f15\u4e0b\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u63d0\u51fa\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5965\u5c14\u68ee\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u53ef\u80fd\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5df2\u7ecf\u671d\u7740\u4ed6\u6240\u5efa\u8bae\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u884c\u8fdb\u7684\u5b66\u8005<sup>[36]<\/sup>\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6211\u4eec\u4eca\u5929\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u53ef\u80fd\u6bd4\u4ed6\u9884\u60f3\u7684\u8981\u66f4\u5177\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\uff0c\u66f4\u5c11\u7b26\u53f7\u5316\u3002\u7136\u800c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u6781\u5177\u5148\u89c1\u4e4b\u660e\u7684\u9884\u8a00\uff0c\u4ed61993\u5e74\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u8fd8\u662f\u4e0d\u9519\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u540c\u65f6\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u300a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e0e\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u300b\u4e2d\u6240\u4f53\u73b0\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u5982\u4f55\u6700\u7ec8\u4e3a\u6587\u5b66\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u5e26\u6765\u91cd\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8fd9\u79cd\u91cd\u8981\u610f\u4e49\u76f4\u523021\u4e16\u7eaa\u624d\u6700\u7ec8\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4ece\u4e8b\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u4e0e\u8fdc\u8bfb\u7684\u8de8\u9886\u57df\u5b66\u8005\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5965\u5c14\u68ee\u7684\u8bc4\u8bba\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u7528\u7684\u8b66\u544a\u3002\u7b97\u6cd5\u8bda\u7136\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u53ea\u5177\u6709\u5de5\u5177\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u8bfe\u9898\u6240\u9700\u3002\u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u4e0e\u5408\u7406\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u95ee\u9898\u7ed3\u5408\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u5bf9\u6587\u5b66\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u4ea7\u751f\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u6837\u672c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u5c31\u662f\u8be6\u5c3d\u7684\u6536\u96c6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6700\u7ec8\u5c31\u662f\u51e0\u5341\u672c\u4e66\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5c31\u8fd9\u51e0\u5341\u672c\u4e66\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u95ee\u9898\u4ecd\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u65e2\u5b58\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u95ee\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u5168\u9762\u7684\u53cd\u601d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u80fd\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5b66\u8005\u5f80\u5f80\u60f3\u8981\u4ece\u7b97\u6cd5\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5e0c\u671b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7b97\u6cd5\u5728\u8fd0\u7528\u5230\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u7ea7\u522b\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u65f6\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4f46\u5f88\u4e0d\u5e78\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6211\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u6761\u4e0d\u901a\u7684\u6377\u5f84\u3002\u5965\u5c14\u68ee\u7684\u8b66\u544a\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u79d1\u6280\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u6240\u53d6\u4ee3\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u81f3\u4eca\u8fd8\u4e0d\u80fd\u6559\u4f1a\u6211\u4eec\u8bb8\u591a\u5173\u4e8e\u65b0\u6279\u8bc4(New Criticism)\u7684\u4e1c\u897f(\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6709\u90a3\u4e48\u4e00\u5929\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd8\u8fdc\u4e0d\u662f\u73b0\u5728)\u3002\u5728\u88ab\u79f0\u4f5c\u201c\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u201d\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u6269\u5927\u7684\u56e2\u4f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u575a\u6301\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e0d\u91c7\u53d6\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u540c\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u80fd\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u5e76\u4e0d\u660e\u667a\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u628a\u8fdc\u8bfb\u548c\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u533a\u5206\u5f00\uff0c\u5176\u76ee\u7684\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u6307\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898:\u4f7f\u7528\u8ba1\u7b97\u548c\u91cd\u6784\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7ed9\u4f60\u540e\u8005\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u4e94\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u7701\u7565<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5965\u5c14\u68ee\u5728\u300a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e0e\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u6587\u7ae0\u65f6\uff0c\u5f88\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u8bb2\u8ff0\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u8005\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u4ed6\u627f\u8ba4\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u7a81\u51fa\u5176\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u5f53\u4ee3\u8fdc\u8bfb\u4f5c\u54c1\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u6700\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u91c7\u7528\u8fdc\u8bfb\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u90fd\u628a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8bfe\u9898\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6765\u5bf9\u5f85(\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u4f1a\u60f3\u8981\u6f2b\u65e0\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u8ba1\u91cf)\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u64b0\u6587\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\u5e76\u4e0d\u603b\u662f\u88ab\u51f8\u663e\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u4e00\u7bc7\u4ee5\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u6837\u5f0f(\u65b9\u6cd5\u2014\u7ed3\u679c\u2014\u7ed3\u8bba)\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u60ef\u4e8e\u8f9e\u85fb\u534e\u4e3d\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u6279\u8bc4\u5bb6\u7684\u6b22\u8fce\u3002\u5047\u5b9a\u4f60\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u5728\u6700\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u662f\u6309\u7167\u5199\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u64b0\u5199\u7684\uff0c\u968f\u610f\u4e14\u6f2b\u65e0\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u673a\u7f18\u5de7\u5408\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u624b\u8fb9\u73b0\u6210\u7684\u60c5\u8282\u505a\u4e86\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u548c\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u968f\u4fbf\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u611f\u5230\u5185\u759a\uff0c\u53ef\u8fd9\u5f80\u5f80\u53c8\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u3002\u6211\u66fe\u5efa\u8bae\u91c7\u7528\u8fdc\u8bfb\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5e94\u8be5\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e00\u79cd\u9002\u5408\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u662f\u6587\u5b66\u6279\u8bc4\u5bb6\uff0c\u6279\u8bc4\u5bb6\u6709\u4e49\u52a1\u505a\u5230\u6709\u8da3\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u628a\u65b9\u6cd5\u653e\u8fdb\u9644\u5f55\u4e2d\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u8ba9\u5206\u6790\u4efb\u52a1\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u6bd4\u5b9e\u9645\u8981\u7b80\u5355\u4e00\u4e9b<sup>[37]<\/sup>\u3002\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u63a5\u53d7\u8fd9\u79cd\u4fee\u8f9e\u4e0a\u7684\u4e24\u96be\u5883\u5730\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5904\u4e8e\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u68d8\u624b\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u8fb9\u754c\u4e0a\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4f46\u5b83\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6a21\u7cca\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\u6240\u9700\u7684\u539f\u52a8\u529b\u3002\u8bfb\u8005\u660e\u767d\u4e3a\u4f55\u5bbd\u6cdb\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u95ee\u9898\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4e5f\u660e\u767d\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u5374\u96be\u4ee5\u5bdf\u89c9\u660e\u786e\u7684\u8bd5\u9a8c\u65b9\u6cd5:\u91c7\u7528\u8fdc\u8bfb\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u6709\u52a8\u673a\u6de1\u5316\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6027\u67b6\u6784\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5173\u952e\uff0c\u8a79\u5c3c\u65af\u00b7\u83b1\u5fb7\u5a01\u7684\u91cf\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f9d\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u6210\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u7eb8\u548c\u7b14\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u6548\u4eff\u83b1\u5fb7\u5a01\u660e\u786e\u5047\u8bbe\u3001\u6837\u672c\u548c\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5c31\u5f88\u96be\u8fdb\u884c\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u4e0d\u662f\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u8bfe\u9898\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u8bdd\u9898\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u51c6\u5219\u4e2d\u7684\u8fdc\u8bfb\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5206\u7c7b\u4e2d<sup>[38]<\/sup>\u3002\u5b89\u5fb7\u9c81\u00b7\u6208\u5fb7\u65af\u901a(Andrew Goldstone)\u8bf4\u5f97\u5bf9\uff0c\u201c\u8fdc\u8bfb\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u6de1\u5316<sup>[39]<\/sup>\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6700\u8fd1\u5c06\u8fdc\u8bfb\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b21\u9886\u57df\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4e5f\u4f1a\u8d77\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u201c\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u672f\u8bed\u5c06\u5b66\u672f\u751f\u6d3b\u5b89\u6392\u4e3a\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u8005\u548c\u673a\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5bf9\u8bdd\uff0c\u5b83\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u786e\u5f3a\u8c03\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6027\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u51f8\u663e\u4e86\u6a2a\u5728\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u754c\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/7.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2377\" width=\"260\" height=\"371\"\/><figcaption>Matthew K. Gold and Lauren F. Kleineds&nbsp;eds.,&nbsp;<em>Debates in the Digital Humanities 2016<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u5199\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u2014\u2014\u68b3\u7406\u8fdc\u8bfb\u80cc\u540e\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u6389\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u7cfb\u8c31\u3002\u53ef\u8ddf\u8e2a\u7684\u7ebf\u7d22\u8fd8\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u627f\u8ba4\u7684\uff0c\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u5bf9\u5f53\u4eca\u793e\u4f1a\u6b63\u5728\u53d1\u6325\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u6211\u4e0d\u60f3\u8d2c\u4f4e\u4efb\u4f55\u6b21\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u575a\u6301\u8fdc\u8bfb\u7684\u7cfb\u8c31\u5e94\u8be5\u901a\u8fc7\u7406\u89e3\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u52a8\u5411\u6765\u8ffd\u6eaf\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5bf9\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u548c\u6587\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u91cd\u53e0\u533a\u57df\u7684\u8ffd\u6eaf\u3002\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u5e03\u8428\u795e\u7236\u4e3a\u963f\u594e\u90a3\u4f5c\u54c1\u6240\u7f16\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5355\u4e00\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7d22\u5f15\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u6784\u6210\u8fdc\u8bfb\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8d77\u70b9\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u628a\u8fd9\u4e00\u4f20\u7edf\u8ffd\u6eaf\u523020\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u53f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u4e0a\u8ffd\u5bfb\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u601d\u8def\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u7ec8\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u95ee\uff0c\u96f7\u8499\u5fb7\u00b7\u5a01\u5ec9\u65af\u57281950\u5e74\u4ee3\u540e\u671f\u5bf9\u6587\u5b66\u505a\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48?\u5217\u7ef4-\u65bd\u7279\u52b3\u65af\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u505a\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48?\u5f17\u5170\u514b\u00b7\u7f57\u68ee\u5e03\u62c9\u7279(Frank Rosenblatt)\u5bf9\u611f\u77e5\u5668(\u8bd1\u8005\u6ce8:\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u6a21\u578b\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u6df1\u5ea6\u611f\u77e5\u5668MLP)\u53c8\u505a\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8bda\u7136\uff0c\u572821\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u8d8b\u5411\u4e8e\u6c47\u805a\u548c\u878d\u5408\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u4ee4\u4eba\u5174\u594b\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u7ed9\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u7684\u57f9\u517b\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u60f3\u8981\u91c7\u7528\u8fdc\u8bfb\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e9b\u5173\u4e8e\u7f16\u7a0b\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u8981\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u6df1\u539a\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u529f\u5e95\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u88ab\u79f0\u4f5c\u201c\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u201d\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u793e\u533a\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5b66\u751f\u6574\u5408\u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\u7684\u6700\u597d\u5bb6\u56ed\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8981\u8ba9\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u5c4b\u6a90\u4e0b\u5171\u5b58\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u8fdb\u884c\u5766\u8bda\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u8005\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u50cf\u91c7\u7528\u8fdc\u8bfb\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4e00\u6837\u94a6\u4f69\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e38\u5e38\u5173\u5fc3\u634d\u536b\u5b9a\u91cf\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u4eba\u6027\u7684\u53cd\u601d\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u754c\u9650<sup>[40]<\/sup>\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u662f\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u79cd\u7edf\u4e00\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u79cd\u4ece\u8da3\u5473\u63a2\u7d22\u5230\u76d1\u7763\u6279\u8bc4\u7684\u6c1b\u56f4\u4e2d\u5bf9\u6570\u5b57\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53cd\u601d\u800c\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8fdc\u8bfb\u5e76\u4e0d\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u5173\u6ce8\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5b83\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u662f\u5bf9\u4ee5\u5f80\u6587\u5b66\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u77db\u76fe\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u4e00\u573a\u53ef\u9884\u89c1\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e00\u51b2\u7a81\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u59cb\u663e\u9732\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u5728\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u7684\u5165\u95e8\u8bfe\u7a0b\u6216\u7814\u8ba8\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f88\u5c11\u6559\u5b66\u751f\u4ed6\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u8df5\u8fdc\u8bfb\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u8bfe\u7a0b\u4e2d\u91c7\u7528\u8fdc\u8bfb\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5c06\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u5021\u5bfc\u4e00\u5957\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3001\u66f4\u52a0\u5f3a\u8c03\u5b9a\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u8bfe\u7a0b\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5021\u5bfc\u52aa\u529b\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86<sup>[41]<\/sup>\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u4e00\u573a\u4ee5\u201c\u6570\u5b57\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8bdd\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u66f2\u89e3\u4e3a\u662f\u5c06\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u63a8\u5411\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u6280\u672f\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u4f01\u56fe\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u8fdc\u8bfb\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5bf9\u5bbd\u6cdb\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u2014\u2014\u81f3\u5c11\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u96f7\u8499\u5fb7\u00b7\u5a01\u5ec9\u65af\u2014\u2014\u6b63\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5730\u4e0e\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u6280\u672f\u6d41\u884c\u8bed\u201c\u5927\u6570\u636e\u201d\u5408\u5e76\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5408\u5e76\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u573a\u65e0\u76ca\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\uff0c\u4e89\u8fa9\u53cc\u65b9\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u7406\u89e3\u5206\u6b67\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u6240\u5728\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bef\u89e3\u4e86\u5f7c\u6b64\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u548c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u672c\u6587\u65e8\u5728\u9610\u660e\u5728\u5b9a\u4e49\u8fdc\u8bfb\u65f6\u8981\u5949\u884c\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u6211\u65e0\u610f\u8fbe\u6210\u5171\u8bc6:\u6211\u77e5\u9053\u5728\u6b64\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u5b66\u8005\u90fd\u4e0d\u8d5e\u540c\u6211\u5bf9\u8be5\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u77e5\u9053\u8bb8\u591a\u5b66\u8005\u4e0e\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u548c\u8fdc\u8bfb\u90fd\u4fdd\u6301\u7740\u5bc6\u5207\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u6211\u5e0c\u671b\u540c\u65f6\u4ece\u4e8b\u8fd9\u4e24\u65b9\u9762\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4f1a\u62d2\u7edd\u63a5\u53d7\u8fd9\u5206\u5c5e\u4e24\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9879\u76ee\u76ee\u524d\u662f\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u5bf9\u90e8\u5206\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u7279\u522b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u878d\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u62db\u8058\u5e7f\u544a\u901a\u5e38\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u201c\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u5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style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong><span style=\"color:#003abc\" class=\"has-inline-color\">A Genealogy of Distant Reading<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ted Underwood<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong>: It has recently become common to describe all empirical approaches to literature as subfields of digital humanities. This essay argues that distant reading has a largely distinct genealogy stretching back many decades before the advent of the internet \u2013 a genealogy that is not for the most part centrally concerned with computers. It would be better to understand this field as a conversation between literary studies and social science, inititated by scholars like Raymond Williams and Janice Radway, and moving slowly toward an explicitly experimental method. Candor about the social-scientific dimension of distant reading is needed now, in order to refocus a research agenda that can drift into diffuse exploration of digital tools. Clarity on this topic might also reduce miscommunication between distant readers and digital humanists.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Keywords<\/strong>: Distant Reading; Reading Romance; Williams; Social Sciences; Computers and Humanities<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\">\u7f16 \u8f91&nbsp; |&nbsp;\u59dc\u6587\u6d9b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u6ce8\u91ca\uff1a<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[1]Kathryn Schultz, \u201cWhat Is Distant Reading?\u201d&nbsp;<em>The New York Times<\/em>, June 24, 2011, http:\/\/www.nytimes. com\/2011\/06\/26\/books\/review\/the-mechanic-muse-what-is-distant-reading.html.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[2]Amy Earhart,&nbsp;<em>Traces of the Old, Uses of the New: The Emergence of Digital Literary Studies,&nbsp;<\/em>Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2015, http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.3998\/etlc.13455322.0001.001.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[3]T. C. Mendenhall, \u201cThe Characteristic Curves of Composition,\u201d&nbsp;<em>Science<\/em>, vol. 9, 1887, pp. 237-246; L. A. Sherman,&nbsp;<em>Analytics of Literature: A Manual for the Objective Study of English Prose and Poetry<\/em>, Boston: Ginn, 1893.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[4]Kaplan, Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric, \u201cA Map for Big Data Research in Digital Humanities,\u201d&nbsp;<em>Frontiers in Digital Humanities,&nbsp;<\/em>vol. 2, 2015, pp. 1-7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[5]Andrew Goldstone\u201c, Distant Reading: More Work to be Done,\u201d August 8, 2015, https:\/\/andrewgoldstone. com\/blog\/2015\/08\/08\/distant\/.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[6]James F. English, \u201cEverywhere and Nowhere: The Sociology of Literature after \u2018the Sociology of Literature\u2019,\u201d&nbsp;<em>New Literary History<\/em>, vol. 41, 2010, pp. v-xxiii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[7]Franco. Moretti, \u201cConjectures on World Literature,\u201d&nbsp;<em>New Left Review<\/em>, no.1, 2000, https:\/\/newleftreview.org\/II\/1\/franco-moretti-conjectures-on-world-literature.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[8]Williams, Raymond,&nbsp;<em>The Long Revolution<\/em>, New York: Penguin, 1985, p. 66.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[9]Robert Darnton\u201c, What is the History of Books?\u201d&nbsp;<em>Daedalus,&nbsp;<\/em>vol. 111, 1982, pp. 65-83.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[10]Janice Radway,&nbsp;<em>Reading the Romance: Women, Patriarchy, and Popular Literature<\/em>, Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1984, p. 67.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[11]Anne DeWitt, \u201cAdvances in the Visualization of Data: The Network of Genre in the Victorian Periodical Press,\u201d<em>Victorian Periodicals Review,&nbsp;<\/em>vol. 48, no. 2, 2015, pp. 161-182; Algee-Hewitt, Mark and Mark McGurl, \u201cBetween Canon and Corpus: Six Perspectives on Twentieth-Century Novels,\u201d2015, http:\/\/litlab.stanford.edu\/LiteraryLabPamphlet8.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[12]Radway, Janice,&nbsp;<em>Reading the Romance: Women, Patriarchy, and Popular Literature<\/em>, p. 11, 13.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[13]Radway, Janice,&nbsp;<em>Reading the Romance: Women, Patriarchy, and Popular Literature,&nbsp;<\/em>pp. 122-132.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[14]Joseph P. Simmons, Leif D. Nelson and Uri Simonsohn, \u201cFalse-Positive Psychology: Undisclosed Flexibility in Data Collection and Analysis Allows Presenting Anything as Significant,\u201d&nbsp;<em>Psychological Science<\/em>, vol. 22, no. 11, 2011, pp. 1359-1366.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[15]James F. English, \u201cEverywhere and Nowhere: The Sociology of Literature after \u2018the Sociology of Literature\u2019,\u201d&nbsp;<em>New Literary History,&nbsp;<\/em>vol. 41, 2010, pp. v-xxiii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[16]Franco Moretti\u201c, The Slaughterhouse of Literature,\u201d&nbsp;<em>Modern Language Quarterly,&nbsp;<\/em>vol. 61, no. 1, 2000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[17]Jeffrey D. Ullman\u201c, Experiments as Research Validation \u2014 Have We Gone Too Far?\u201d July 9, 2013, http:\/\/infolab.stanford.edu\/~ullman\/pub\/experiments.pdf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[18]Carol E. Cleland, \u201cHistorical Science, Experimental Science, and the Scientific Method,\u201d&nbsp;<em>Geology<\/em>, vol. 29, no. 11, 2001, p. 988.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[19]Margaret Cohen,&nbsp;<em>The Sentimental Education of the Novel<\/em>, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1999, p. 23.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[20]Katherine Bode,&nbsp;<em>Reading by Numbers: Calibrating the Literary Field<\/em>, London: Anthem, 2014, pp. 20-21.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[21]Jeremy Rosen\u201c, Combining Close and Distant, or the Utility of Genre Analysis: A Response to Matthew Wilkens\u2019s \u2018Contemporary Fiction by the Numbers\u2019,\u201d&nbsp;<em>Post<\/em>, vol. 45, December 3, 2011, http:\/\/post45.research.yale.edu\/2011\/12\/combining-close-and-distant-or-the-utility-of-genre-analysis-a-response-to-matthew-wilkenss-contemporary-fiction-by-the-numbers\/.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[22]Katherine Bode, \u201cThe Equivalence of \u2018Close\u2019 and \u2018Distant\u2019 Reading; Or, Towards a New Object for Data-Rich Literary History,\u201d&nbsp;<em>Draft<\/em>, December 2017, p. 17, https:\/\/katherinebode.files.wordpress.com\/2014\/07\/equivalence1.pdf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[23]Franco Moretti\u201c, The Slaughterhouse of Literature,\u201d&nbsp;<em>Modern Language Quarterly,&nbsp;<\/em>vol<em>.&nbsp;<\/em>61, no. 1, 2000, p. 227.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[24]Jonathan Freedman\u201c, After Close Reading,\u201d&nbsp;<em>The New Rambler<\/em>, April 13, 2015, http:\/\/newramblerreview.com\/book-reviews\/literary-studies\/after-close-reading.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[25]Ryan Heuser and Long Le-Khac, \u201cA Quantitative Literary History of 2,958 Nineteenth-Century British Novels: The Semantic Cohort Method,\u201d&nbsp;<em>Stanford Literary Lab<\/em>, 2012, http:\/\/litlab.stanford.edu\/LiteraryLabPamphlet4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[26]See Wilkens\u201c, The Geographic Imagination of Civil War-Era American Fiction,\u201d&nbsp;<em>American Literary History,&nbsp;<\/em>vol. 25, no. 4, 2013, pp. 803-840; Lauren Klein\u201c, The Image of Absence: Archival Silence, Data Visualization, and James Hemings,\u201d&nbsp;<em>American Literature,&nbsp;<\/em>vol. 85, no. 4, 2013, pp. 661-688; Ryan Cordell, \u201cReprinting, Circulation, and the Network Author in Antebellum Newspapers,\u201d&nbsp;<em>American Literary History<\/em>, vol. 27, no. 3, 2015, no. 3, pp. 417-445; Matthew Jockers and Gabi Kirilloff, \u201cGender and Character Agency in the 19th Century Novel,\u201d&nbsp;<em>Cultural Analytics,&nbsp;<\/em>2016, http:\/\/culturalanalytics.org\/2016\/12\/understanding-gender-and- character-agency-in-the-19th-century-novel\/.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[27]Ted Underwood and Jordan Sellers\u201c, The Emergence of Literary Diction,\u201d&nbsp;<em>Journal of Digital Humanities,&nbsp;<\/em>vol. 1, no. 2, 2012, http:\/\/journalofdigitalhumanities.org\/1-2\/the-emergence-of-literary-diction-by-ted-underwood-and-jordan-sellers\/.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[28]David Golumbia, \u201cDeath of a Discipline,\u201d&nbsp;<em>differences,&nbsp;<\/em>vol. 25, no. 1, 2014, pp. 164.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[29]Steven E Jones,&nbsp;<em>The Emergence of the Digital Humanities<\/em>, New York: Routledge, 2014, pp. 31-32.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[30]Andrew Piper, \u201cThere Will Be Numbers,\u201d&nbsp;<em>Cultural Analytics<\/em>, 2016, http:\/\/culturalanalytics.org\/2016\/05\/there-will-be-numbers\/.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[31]Hoyt Long and Richard Jean So\u201c, Literary Pattern Recognition,\u201d&nbsp;<em>Critical Inquiry,&nbsp;<\/em>vol. 42, no. 2, 2016, pp. 235-267.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[32]Stanley Fish, \u201cWhat Is Stylistics and Why Are They Saying Such Terrible Things About It,\u201d Seymour Chatman ed.,&nbsp;<em>What is Aesthetics<\/em>, New York: Columbia University Press, 1973, pp. 109-152.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[33]Mark Olsen, \u201cSigns, Symbols, and Discourses: A New Direction for Computer-Aided Literary Studies,\u201d&nbsp;<em>Computers and the Humanities,&nbsp;<\/em>vol. 27, no. 5\/6, 1993\/1994, pp. 309-314.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[34]Mark Olsen, \u201cSigns, Symbols, and Discourses: A New Direction for Computer-Aided Literary Studies,\u201d&nbsp;<em>Computers and the Humanities,&nbsp;<\/em>vol. 27, no. 5\/6, 1993\/1994, pp. 309.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[35]Ted Underwood\u201c, Productivism and the Vogue for \u2018Energy\u2019 in Late Eighteenth-Century Britain,\u201d&nbsp;<em>Studies in Romanticism,&nbsp;<\/em>vol. 34, no. 1, 1995, pp. 103-125.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[36]Janice Radway,&nbsp;<em>Reading the Romance: Women, Patriarchy, and Popular Literature<\/em>; Brunet, Etienne, \u201cL\u2019exploitation des grands corpus: Le bestiaire de la litt\u00e9rature fran\u00e7aise,\u201d&nbsp;<em>Literary and Linguistic Computing,&nbsp;<\/em>vol. 4, no. 2, 1989, pp. 121-134.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[37]\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4e5f\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fee\u8f9e\u6548\u679c\u5728\u505a\u7b80\u5316\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u8bb8\u591a\u4f5c\u8005\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u660e\u51fa\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5f3a\u8c03\u4ed6\u4eec\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6027\u3002\u5728\u65af\u5766\u798f\u5927\u5b66\u6587\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u5de5\u4f5c\u8fc7\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u5f80\u5f80\u7279\u522b\u64c5\u957f\u5f3a\u8c03\u90a3\u4e9b\u4ed6\u4eec\u6536\u96c6\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u652f\u6301\u4ed6\u4eec\u6700\u521d\u5047\u8bbe\u7684\u65f6\u523b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u53cd\u5bf9\u65e2\u6210\u7684\u504f\u89c1\u662f\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6027\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u8981\u70b9\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bb0\u8ff0\u7b56\u7565\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u53d1\u5c55\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u66f4\u4e3a\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u8303\u4f8b(\u65b9\u6cd5\u2014\u7ed3\u679c\u2014\u7ed3\u8bba)\u5177\u6709\u540c\u7b49\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u3002\u81ea\u7531\u5171\u4eab\u4ee3\u7801\u548c\u6570\u636e\u662f\u63ed\u793a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6027\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u529e\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u63a9\u76d6\u8fd9\u79cd\u529e\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[38]Tanya Clement, \u201cWhere is Methodology in Digital Humanities,\u201d&nbsp;<em>Debates in the Digital Humanities 2016<\/em>, Matthew K. Gold and Lauren F. Kleineds eds., Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2016, pp. 153-175.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[39]Andrew Goldstone, \u201cDistant Reading: More Work to be Done,\u201d August 8, 2015, https:\/\/andrewgolds-tone.com\/blog\/2015\/08\/08\/distant\/.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[40]See Timothy Burke, \u201cThe Humane Digital,\u201d&nbsp;<em>Debates in the Digital Humanities 2016<\/em>, Matthew K. Gold and Lauren F. Klein eds., Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2016, pp. 514-518.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[41]See edited by Dennis Tenen, \u201cBlunt Instrumentalism: On Tools and Methods,\u201d&nbsp;<em>Debates in the Digital Humanities 2016<\/em>, Matthew K. Gold and Lauren F. Klein eds., Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2016, pp. 83-91; Andrew Goldstone\u201c, Teaching Quantitative Methods: What Makes It Hard,\u201d&nbsp;<em>Forthcoming Debates in the Digital Humanities 2018<\/em>, Matthew K. Gold and Lauren F. Klein eds., https:\/\/andrewgoldstone.com\/teaching-litdata.pdf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u539f\u520a\u300a\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u300b2020\u7b2c2\u671f\uff0c\u8f6c\u8f7d\u8bf7\u8054\u7cfb\u6388\u6743\u3002<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u628a\u7528\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u63cf\u8ff0\u6587\u5b66\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b21\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u770b\u6cd5\u53d8\u5f97\u6d41\u884c\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\u2026\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2380,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[115],"tags":[351,868,866,867,347,621,46],"class_list":["post-2376","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-115","tag-351","tag-868","tag-866","tag-867","tag-347","tag-621","tag-46"],"blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":6}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2376","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2376"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2376\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2385,"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2376\/revisions\/2385"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2380"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2376"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2376"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2376"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}