{"id":2386,"date":"2021-04-11T01:54:12","date_gmt":"2021-04-10T17:54:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/?p=2386"},"modified":"2024-04-04T01:23:06","modified_gmt":"2024-04-03T17:23:06","slug":"%e8%99%9a%e6%9e%84%e4%b8%8e%e5%8e%86%e5%8f%b2%ef%bc%9a%e6%98%8e%e6%b8%85%e6%96%87%e5%ad%a6%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e5%af%b9%e7%ab%8b%e4%b8%8e%e9%a3%8e%e6%a0%bc%e6%a2%af%e5%ba%a6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/site\/works\/dhjournal\/202002\/2386.html","title":{"rendered":"\u865a\u6784\u4e0e\u5386\u53f2\uff1a\u660e\u6e05\u6587\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u5bf9\u7acb\u4e0e\u98ce\u683c\u68af\u5ea6*"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u674e\u53cb\u4ec1\uff1b\u8f6c\u81ea\uff1a\u516c\u4f17\u53f7 DH\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong><span style=\"color:#60569a\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u6587\u672c\u5206\u6790<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"558\" height=\"218\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u7b2c\u4e8c\u671f.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2356\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u7b2c\u4e8c\u671f.png 558w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u7b2c\u4e8c\u671f-300x117.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 558px) 100vw, 558px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u674e\u53cb\u4ec1 \/ \u8377\u5170\u83b1\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u739b\u4e3d\u5b66\u9662<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u6c6a \u8605(\u8bd1) \/ \u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u82f1\u8bed\u7cfb<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u6458\u8981:<\/span>&nbsp;<\/strong>\u867d\u7136\u91ce\u53f2\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u51c6\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u672c\u5728\u660e\u6e05\u65f6\u671f\u5f88\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6587\u5b66\u5b66\u8005\u5173\u6ce8\u3002\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u6570\u91cf\u548c\u5f53\u65f6\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u91ce\u53f2\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u4f7f\u5f97\u5bf9\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u8fdb\u884c\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u5bb9\u6613\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u7528\u51c6\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u672c\u6570\u5b57\u8f6c\u5f55\u672c\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47\u9891\u7387\u5217\u8868\u8fdb\u884c\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u548c\u7ebf\u6027\u4ee3\u6570\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5b9a\u4f4d\u4e0d\u540c\u6587\u4f53\u6587\u672c\u95f4\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8ba1\u91cf\u6587\u4f53\u5b66\u5206\u6790\u6765\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u6587\u732e\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u53ef\u7a81\u51fa\u865a\u6784\u6587\u672c\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u672c\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e0e\u4e0d\u540c;\u901a\u8fc7\u91cf\u5316\u5206\u6790\u6570\u5b57\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u53ef\u5224\u65ad\u6587\u672c\u5185\u90e8\u8bc1\u636e\u662f\u5426\u63d0\u793a\u4e86\u91ce\u53f2\u672c\u8eab\u6784\u6210\u6709\u5185\u805a\u529b\u7684\u8303\u7574\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u540c\u5176\u4ed6\u5386\u53f2\u53ca\u51c6\u5386\u53f2\u53d9\u8ff0\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u89c6\u89c9\u5316\u3002\u5b9a\u91cf\u805a\u7c7b\u5206\u6790\u80fd\u6e05\u695a\u533a\u5206\u91ce\u53f2\u3001\u5c0f\u8bf4\u548c\u620f\u5267\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8bcd\u6c47\u7279\u5f81\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u98ce\u683c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u53ef\u77e5\uff0c\u6b63\u53f2\u3001\u91ce\u53f2\u548c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u6cbf\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u68af\u5ea6\u53d8\u5316\u66f2\u7ebf\u843d\u4e0b\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7279\u5b9a\u5173\u952e\u672f\u8bed\u53d8\u91cf\u4ea7\u751f\u51e0\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u786e\u5b9a\u66f2\u7ebf\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u672f\u8bed\u540c\u660e\u6e05\u65f6\u671f\u6587\u8a00\u4e0e\u767d\u8bdd\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u5173\u952e\u8bcd:&nbsp;<\/span><\/strong>\u91ce\u53f2 \u51c6\u5386\u53f2 \u5c0f\u8bf4 \u8ba1\u91cf\u6587\u4f53\u5b66 \u5b9a\u91cf\u805a\u7c7b\u5206\u6790<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u660e\u672b\u6e05\u521d(1550-1700)\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u975e\u5b98\u65b9\u7684(unofficial)\u5386\u53f2\u53d9\u8ff0\u6781\u4e3a\u6d41\u884c\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u5f62\u5f62\u8272\u8272\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u51c6\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u4f53(semi-historical genres)\u7e41\u8363\u5174\u65fa\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u975e\u5b98\u65b9\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u201c\u91ce\u53f2\u201d(wild histories)\u3001\u5173\u4e8e\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4(novels)\u3001\u5173\u4e8e\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u620f\u5267(dramas)\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u7ec4\u76f8\u5173\u4f46\u53c8\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5199\u4f5c\u98ce\u683c\u7684\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u6211\u7edf\u4e00\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u51c6\u5386\u53f2(quasi-histories)\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e2a\u6db5\u76d6\u6027\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u6587\u672c\u4f53\u7cfb\u5305\u542b\u67d0\u4e9b\u5386\u53f2\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4f46\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u6587\u4f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u5404\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u98ce\u683c\u7279\u5f81\u548c\u6587\u5316\u610f\u4e49<sup>[1]<\/sup>\u3002\u867d\u7136\u91ce\u53f2\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u51c6\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u672c\u5728\u660e\u6e05\u65f6\u671f\u5f88\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u8bb8\u591a\u6587\u672c\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7b14\u6cd5\u62d9\u52a3\uff0c\u6587\u5b66\u4ef7\u503c\u5fae\u4e0d\u8db3\u9053\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6587\u5b66\u5b66\u8005\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u5176\u77e5\u4e4b\u751a\u5c11\u3002\u8003\u8651\u5230\u7528\u6587\u672c\u7ec6\u8bfb\u65b9\u6cd5\u5206\u6790\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u672c\u6240\u9700\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0e\u7cbe\u529b\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u5173\u6ce8\u4e5f\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5916\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u672c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u660e\u6e05\u6587\u5b66\u548c\u6587\u5316\u751f\u4ea7\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u91ce\u53f2\u4e0e\u51c6\u5386\u53f2\u5c0f\u8bf4\u548c\u620f\u5267\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5728\u4fe1\u606f\u4f20\u64ad\u4e2d\u8d77\u5230\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u540c\u65f6\u4ee3\u8bfb\u8005\u5bf9\u8fd1\u671f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u7406\u89e3<sup>[2]<\/sup>\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6587\u4f53(genre)\u76f8\u5f53\u6d41\u884c\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u5728\u516c\u52a1\u4e4b\u4f59\u7684\u6587\u4eba\u5199\u4f5c(literati writing)\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8bc1\u660e\u5bf9\u5176\u989d\u5916\u8be6\u52a0\u7814\u7a76\u662f\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u63a2\u7d22\u6027\u5730\u5c1d\u8bd5\u91cf\u5316\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e0e\u66f4\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u6587\u672c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f5c\u54c1\u7eb3\u5165\u6211\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u5e76\u7565\u53bb\u5bf9\u8d28\u91cf\u505a\u89c4\u8303\u6027(normative)\u8bc4\u4ef7\u3002\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u8ba9\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f00\u53d1\u51c6\u5386\u53f2\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u6587\u4f53\u5206\u7c7b\u6cd5(a stylistic taxonomy)\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u6b64\u63d0\u4f9b\u57fa\u7840\u53bb\u4e86\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u672c\u5982\u4f55\u88ab\u9605\u8bfb\u548c\u5206\u7c7b(categorized)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e0e\u6b64\u5904\u63a2\u8ba8\u7684\u51c6\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u672c\u6709\u5173\u7684\u6587\u4f53\u662f\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u6587\u4f53\u4e00\u822c\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u7531\u4e00\u5957\u9887\u4e3a\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u98ce\u683c\u60ef\u4f8b(stylistic conventions)\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5f52\u7c7b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60ef\u4f8b\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u3002\u7136\u800c\u6587\u4f53\u4e5f\u6709\u793e\u4f1a\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff0c\u8a79\u660e\u4fe1\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u6587\u4f53\u662f\u8bfb\u8005\u548c\u6587\u672c\u95f4\u7531\u793e\u4f1a\u5efa\u6784\u7684\u201c\u5951\u7ea6\u201d\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u9884\u671f(expectations)<sup>[3]<\/sup>\u3002\u67d0\u4e9b\u6587\u4f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u9884\u671f\u7531\u5b98\u65b9\u76ee\u5f55\u5b66\u5bb6\u7531\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u63a8\u884c\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u620f\u5267\u91cc\uff0c\u9884\u671f\u5219\u81ea\u7136\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u6709\u65f6\u65e0\u6cd5\u6d88\u9664\u98ce\u683c\u4e2d\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u542b\u4e49(disambiguate the social from the stylistic)\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5185\u5bb9\u76f8\u4f3c<sup>[4]<\/sup>\u4f46\u6587\u4f53\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u6587\u5316\u9636\u5c42\u6d41\u4f20\u3002\u91ce\u53f2\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u51c6\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u672c\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u6587\u4f53\u7684\u6587\u5316\u5efa\u6784\u6709\u65f6\u4e0e\u5176\u98ce\u683c\u5efa\u6784\u76f8\u51b2\u7a81\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5386\u53f2\u4e66\u5199\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3001\u98ce\u683c\u548c\u6587\u4f53\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u6fc0\u8d77\u4e86\u76f8\u5f53\u591a\u4e89\u8bae\uff0c\u800c\u91ce\u53f2\u662f\u53d7\u4e89\u8bae\u6700\u591a\u7684\u3002\u91ce\u53f2\u867d\u7136\u4ece\u672a\u6210\u4e3a\u5b98\u65b9\u4e66\u76ee\u7c7b\u522b\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u662f\u6a21\u4eff\u5b98\u65b9\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u732e\u98ce\u683c\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u5386\u53f2\u7f16\u7e82\u4f5c\u54c1<sup>[5]<\/sup>\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u98ce\u683c\u548c\u5185\u5bb9\u90fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u540c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u533a\u5206\u5f00\u3002\u8fd9\u53cc\u91cd\u6027\u8d28\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u5f53\u65f6\u548c\u73b0\u4ee3\u8bc4\u8bba\u5bb6\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u8b66\u544a:\u91ce\u53f2\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u4eec\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u88ab\u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u732e\u5ffd\u7565\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u906d\u5230\u8bdf\u75c5\u7684\u5f80\u5f80\u8fd8\u662f\u865a\u6784\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u4ee4\u5176\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fe1\u8d56<sup>[6]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u660e\u6e05\u65f6\u671f\u8bb8\u591a\u91ce\u53f2\u88ab\u5b98\u65b9\u76ee\u5f55\u5b66\u5bb6\u5f52\u7c7b\u4e3a\u201c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u201d(petty talk\uff0c\u7ec6\u5c0f\u7410\u788e\u7684\u8c08\u8bba)\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5206\u7c7b\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u57fa\u7840\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u73ed\u56fa\u6240\u8457\u7684\u4e00\u4e16\u7eaa\u53f2\u4e66\u300a\u6c49\u4e66\u300b\u3002\u73ed\u56fa\u5728\u5176\u300a\u827a\u6587\u5fd7\u300b\u4e2d\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u6b64\u7c7b\u522b\u6587\u672c\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u5df7\u8bae\uff0c\u5e76\u7531\u7a17\u5b98(\u5373\u5c0f\u5b98\u540f)\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0b\u6765<sup>[7]<\/sup>\u3002\u5230\u4e86\u660e\u671d\uff0c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u53d1\u5c55\u4e3a\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u4f53\u88c1\uff0c\u6709\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u98ce\u683c\u60ef\u4f8b\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u8bd1\u4f5c\u201c(\u957f\u7bc7)\u5c0f\u8bf4\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u76ee\u5f55\u5b66\u5bb6\u575a\u6301\u5c06\u91ce\u53f2\u5206\u7c7b\u4e3a\u5c0f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u5bf9\u4e8e\u91ce\u53f2\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u56f0\u60d1\uff0c\u5e76\u5bfc\u81f4\u660e\u6e05\u8bfb\u8005\u548c\u73b0\u4ee3\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u90fd\u5f88\u4e0d\u6ee1<sup>[8]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6587\u672c\u7ec6\u8bfb\u548c\u7cbe\u7ec6\u5206\u6790\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5728\u98ce\u683c\u4e0a\u5c06\u91ce\u53f2\u4e0e\u5b98\u65b9\u5386\u53f2\u5199\u4f5c(\u5373\u6b63\u53f2)\u5f52\u4e3a\u4e00\u7c7b\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u65f6\u8fd8\u662f\u5f88\u96be\u8bc4\u4ef7\u5b83\u4eec\u540c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u5728\u8fb9\u7f18\u4e2a\u6848\u91cc<sup>[9]<\/sup>\u3002\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u6570\u91cf\u548c\u5f53\u65f6\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u91ce\u53f2\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u963b\u788d\u4e86\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u660e\u6e05\u4e24\u671d\u5199\u51fa\u7684\u91ce\u53f2\u5373\u4f7f\u6ca1\u6709\u4e0a\u5343\u4e5f\u6709\u6210\u767e\u3002\u5355\u4e2a\u9605\u8bfb\u6bcf\u90e8\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u4e86\u89e3\u5177\u4f53\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u98ce\u683c\uff0c\u4f46\u5f88\u96be\u5f62\u6210\u7efc\u5408\u7684\u6982\u62ec\u6027\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7406\u89e3\u4e0d\u540c\u6587\u4f53\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u6587\u672c\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u5bf9\u5bfc\u81f4\u5dee\u5f02\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u505a\u8bed\u6cd5\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u8fd9\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5230\u5e95\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u7565\u4e3a\u4e25\u8c28\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u5c0f\u8bf4\u3001\u91ce\u53f2\u548c\u6b63\u53f2(official histories)\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u5dee\u5f02?\u521d\u6b65\u8003\u5bdf\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u548c\u6b63\u53f2\u7684\u539f\u578b\u8303\u4f8b(archytypical examples)\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u5f80\u5f80\u8fe5\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u98ce\u683c\u4ea6\u65e0\u5173\u8054\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u6b63\u53f2\u7684\u865a\u6784\u6563\u6587(fictional prose)\u548c\u4f20\u8bb0\u7ae0\u8282\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u98ce\u683c\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u9c81\u6653\u9e4f\u7b49\u5b66\u8005\u5df2\u7ecf\u6307\u51fa\u8fc7<sup>[10]<\/sup>\u3002\u5b9a\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u80fd\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\u7eaf\u7136\u865a\u6784\u548c\u975e\u5e38\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u5199\u4f5c\u8fd9\u4e24\u6781\u95f4\u5e7f\u9614\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u5730\u5e26\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u91cf\u5316\u4f5c\u54c1\u95f4\u5dee\u5f02\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u8ba9\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u79cd\u7c7b\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u672c\u6587\u7528\u51c6\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u672c\u6570\u5b57\u8f6c\u5f55\u672c\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47\u9891\u7387\u5217\u8868\u8fdb\u884c\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u548c\u7ebf\u6027\u4ee3\u6570\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5b9a\u4f4d\u4e0d\u540c\u6587\u4f53\u6587\u672c\u95f4\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u867d\u7136\u660e\u6e05\u4ee5\u6765\u51c6\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u672c\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u6837\u672c\u5c1a\u672a\u6570\u5b57\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u73b0\u5b58\u6570\u5b57\u4f5c\u54c1\u505a\u5206\u6790\u4e5f\u80fd\u8ba9\u6211\u6709\u6548\u63a2\u7d22\u8bb8\u591a\u51c6\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u4f53\u98ce\u683c\u5dee\u5f02\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5206\u6790\u9488\u5bf9\u7684\u662f\u5185\u5bb9\u548c\u6587\u4f53\u5bf9\u98ce\u683c\u7684\u8054\u5408\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u4f7f\u7528\u8ba1\u91cf\u6587\u4f53\u5b66\u5206\u6790(stylometric analysis)\u6765\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u6587\u732e\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u7a81\u51fa\u865a\u6784\u6587\u672c\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u672c\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e0e\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u91cf\u5316\u5206\u6790\u6570\u5b57\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u6211\u80fd\u5224\u65ad\u6587\u672c\u5185\u90e8\u8bc1\u636e\u662f\u5426\u63d0\u793a\u4e86\u91ce\u53f2\u672c\u8eab\u6784\u6210\u6709\u5185\u805a\u529b\u7684(cohesive)\u8303\u7574\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u540c\u5176\u4ed6\u5386\u53f2\u53ca\u51c6\u5386\u53f2\u53d9\u8ff0\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u89c6\u89c9\u5316\u3002\u5b83\u8fd8\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u5728\u4f55\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5386\u53f2\u5185\u5bb9\u80fd\u9884\u6d4b\u98ce\u683c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5728\u98ce\u683c\u4e0a\u6a21\u4eff\u6b63\u53f2\u7684\u91ce\u53f2\u4e0e\u6587\u8a00\u6587\u672c\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u66f4\u4e3a\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u7ed3\u6784<sup>[11]<\/sup>\u3002\u672c\u6587\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b9a\u91cf\u805a\u7c7b\u5206\u6790(quantitative cluster analysis)\u80fd\u6e05\u695a\u533a\u5206\u91ce\u53f2\u3001\u5c0f\u8bf4\u548c\u620f\u5267\u3002\u6211\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e00\u5206\u6790\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u8bba\u6587\u540e\u534a\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8bcd\u6c47\u7279\u5f81\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u98ce\u683c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5206\u6790\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u6b63\u53f2\u3001\u91ce\u53f2\u548c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u6cbf\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u68af\u5ea6\u53d8\u5316\u66f2\u7ebf(gradient)\u843d\u4e0b\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7279\u5b9a\u5173\u952e\u672f\u8bed\u53d8\u91cf\u4ea7\u751f\u51e0\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u786e\u5b9a\u66f2\u7ebf\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u672f\u8bed\u540c\u660e\u6e05\u65f6\u671f\u6587\u8a00\u4e0e\u767d\u8bdd\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u6b64\u5904\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u6e10\u53d8\u800c\u975e\u4e24\u6781\u95f4\u7684\u622a\u7136\u533a\u5206\uff0c\u8fd9\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\uff08Corpora\uff09<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u6211\u7528\u4e86\u4e09\u4e2a\u76f8\u5173\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u5305\u542b14\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\u7684\u5c0f\u578b\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\uff0c\u6587\u672c\u9009\u62e9\u57fa\u4e8e\u5176\u5bf9\u660e\u6e05\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u9002\u5e94\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4e2d\u5f88\u591a\u4f5c\u54c1\u8d77\u5230\u51c6\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u6211\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u5143\u672b\u660e\u521d\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u56db\u90e8\u5c0f\u8bf4:\u300a\u6c34\u6d52\u4f20\u300b\u300a\u4e09\u56fd\u6f14\u4e49\u300b\u300a\u897f\u6e38\u8bb0\u300b\u300a\u91d1\u74f6\u6885\u8bcd\u8bdd\u300b\u3002\u8fd8\u9009\u4e86\u660e\u672b\u6e05\u521d\u7684\u56db\u90e8\u5267\u672c:\u300a\u6e05\u5fe0\u8c31\u300b\u300a\u6843\u82b1\u6247\u300b\u300a\u7435\u7436\u8bb0\u300b\u548c\u300a\u7261\u4e39\u4ead\u300b\uff0c\u524d\u9762\u4e24\u90e8\u90fd\u662f\u4e13\u6ce8\u660e\u672b\u6e05\u521d\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u51c6\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u540e\u4e24\u90e8\u5219\u662f\u6b64\u79cd\u6587\u4f53\u7684\u540d\u7bc7\u3002\u6211\u8fd8\u6536\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u90e8\u6587\u8a00\u5c0f\u8bf4\u300a\u56fd\u8272\u5929\u9999\u300b\uff0c\u4e00\u90e8\u767d\u8bdd\u51c6\u5386\u53f2\u5c0f\u8bf4\u300a\u6a35\u53f2\u901a\u4fd7\u6f14\u4e49\u300b\u3002\u53e6\u6709\u56db\u90e8\u660e\u671d\u91ce\u53f2:\u300a\u4e07\u5386\u91ce\u83b7\u7f16\u300b\u300a\u7687\u660e\u672c\u7eaa\u300b\u300a\u7687\u660e\u76db\u4e8b\u8ff0\u300b\u4ee5\u53ca\u300a\u91ce\u8bb0\u300b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u672c\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u5730\u4ee3\u8868\u51c6\u5386\u53f2\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u8fd9\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8270\u6df1\u6587\u672c\u8fd9\u4e00\u66f4\u4e3a\u5b8f\u5927\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u8c26\u5351\u5f00\u7aef\u3002\u5bf9\u6570\u672c\u51c6\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u975e\u51c6\u5386\u53f2(non- quasi-historical)\u6587\u672c\u7684\u6d45\u63a2\uff0c\u5728\u8bc4\u4ef7\u660e\u6e05\u6587\u672c\u540c\u6e90\u6027(homologies)\u3001\u786e\u8ba4\u5185\u5bb9\u6216\u6587\u4f53\u662f\u5426\u9884\u793a\u4e86\u98ce\u683c\u4e0a\u8fc8\u51fa\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65<sup>[12]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u63a5\u7740\u6211\u5c06\u8303\u56f4\u6269\u5927\u5230126\u90e8\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u591a\u6570\u53d6\u81ea\u201c\u53e4\u767b\u5821\u8ba1\u5212\u201d\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7f51\u7edc\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u4ee5\u8bba\u8bc1\u91ce\u53f2\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u805a\u7c7b(cluster)\u503e\u5411<sup>[13]<\/sup>\u3002\u6700\u540e\u6211\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u578b\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\uff0c\u5305\u62ec524\u90e8\u5c0f\u8bf4\u3001\u6f14\u4e49(historical romances)\u3001\u91ce\u53f2\u548c\u6b63\u53f2\uff0c\u5171\u8ba1\u7ea654\u4e07\u9875<sup>[14]<\/sup>\u3002\u6700\u540e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u8db3\u591f\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u6587\u4f53\u4e5f\u8db3\u591f\u7cbe\u70bc\uff0c\u53ef\u6709\u529b\u7aa5\u89c1\u4f5c\u54c1\u95f4\u7684\u98ce\u683c\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5176\u4e2d\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4f5c\u54c1\u8457\u4e8e\u660e\u6e05\u4e24\u671d\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u6709\u51e0\u90e8\u51fa\u81ea\u66f4\u65e9\u6216\u66f4\u665a\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u53ea\u662f\u660e\u6e05\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5b66\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e5f\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u8fdb\u5165\u5168\u6587\u672c\u6570\u5b57\u5206\u6790\u7684\u8d77\u6b65<sup>[15]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08Methods\uff09<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5206\u6790\u57fa\u4e8e\u7528\u5411\u91cf\u7a7a\u95f4\u6a21\u5f0f(vector space model)<sup>[16]<\/sup>\u53cd\u6620\u6587\u732e\u3002\u6211\u7528\u7b49\u7ea7\u805a\u7c7b\u5206\u6790(hierarchical cluster analysis\uff0cHCA)\u548c\u4e3b\u6210\u5206\u5206\u6790(principal component analysis, PCA)\u6765\u5206\u6790\u6587\u672c\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u672f\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u5df2\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u5206\u6790\u548c\u4f5c\u8005\u5f52\u5c5e(authorship attribution)\u7814\u7a76<sup>[17]<\/sup>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u63a2\u7d22\u65b9\u6cd5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6839\u636e\u6587\u732e\u5185\u5728\u8bcd\u6c47\u6765\u5bf9\u6587\u672c\u505a\u805a\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002J. H. \u6c83\u5fb7(J. H. Ward)\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7b49\u7ea7\u805a\u7c7b\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u6211\u7528\u6765\u7ed8\u5236\u4ee5\u76f8\u4f3c\u5206\u503c(similarity scores)\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5173\u7cfb\u6811\u72b6\u56fe(dendrogram)\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u4f3c\u8bcd\u6c47\u7684\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5728\u201c\u8bcd\u6c47\u7a7a\u95f4\u201d(vocabulary space)\u4e92\u76f8\u9760\u8fd1\u3002\u6c83\u5fb7\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u5c06\u6700\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u6587\u672c\u4ee5\u8bcd\u6c47\u5dee\u5f02\u5927\u5c0f\u7fa4\u96c6\u5728\u6811\u72b6\u56fe\u5206\u652f(branches)\u4e0a\uff0c\u7fa4\u96c6\u95f4\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u501f\u81ea\u7ebf\u6027\u4ee3\u6570\u7684\u4e3b\u6210\u5206\u5206\u6790\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8865\u5145\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6280\u5de7\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u5185\u65b9\u5dee(variance)\u3002\u5b83\u521b\u5efa\u51fa\u65b0\u7684\u865a\u5750\u6807\u8f74\uff0c\u6587\u672c\u6295\u5f71\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u5c06\u591a\u7ef4\u5ea6(a high number of dimensions)\u7b80\u5316\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff0c\u53ef\u7ed8\u5236\u5728\u4e00\u5f20\u7eb8\u4e0a<sup>[18]<\/sup>\u3002\u7528\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u63a2\u7d22\u5206\u6790\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6587\u672c\u5728\u98ce\u683c\u4e0a\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5173\u8054\u65b9\u5f0f\u89c6\u89c9\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u7528\u8bcd\u6c47\u9891\u7387\u5217\u8868\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u5217\u8868\u901a\u8fc7\u7ed9\u6587\u4ef6\u6807\u8bb0\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32(tokenizing)\u4ee5\u5e76\u8ba1\u7b97\u5b57\u7b26\u9891\u7387(token frequency)\u751f\u6210\u3002\u5b57\u7b26\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u5355\u8bcd\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u6bb5\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6807\u70b9\u6216\u5b57\u6bcd<sup>[19]<\/sup>\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5355\u8bcd(\u5728\u4e2d\u6587\u6587\u672c\u5206\u6790\u7684\u8bed\u5883\u4e2d\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u8bcd\u201d)\u5bf9\u6587\u672c\u98ce\u683c\u6d4b\u91cf\u4e4b\u7cbe\u786e\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u8bb6\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u62ff\u8d70\u53e5\u6cd5\u548c\u8bed\u5883\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64<sup>[20]<\/sup>\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8bcd\u6c47\u9891\u7387\u8868\u662f\u51fa\u8272\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u6709\u5176\u7f3a\u9677\u3002\u53f2\u8482\u82ac\u00b7\u683c\u91cc\u65af(Stefan Gries)\u8b66\u544a\u8fc7:\u201c\u5b83\u4eec\u9884\u8bbe\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u5bb6(\u4ee5\u53ca\/\u6216\u8005\u4ed6\u7684\u7535\u8111\u7a0b\u5e8f)\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4f55\u4e3a\u5355\u8bcd\u6709\u4e2a\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5176\u4ed6\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u5bb6(\u53ca\u5176\u7535\u8111\u7a0b\u5e8f)\u4e5f\u4e86\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u201d<sup>[21]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u4e2d\u6587\u91cc\uff0c\u8981\u628a\u6587\u4ef6\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u53ef\u8ba1\u6570\u5355\u4f4d\u662f\u4e2a\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6587\u672c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u5206\u9694\u7b26(delimiter)\u3002<sup>[22]<\/sup>\u5728\u5904\u7406\u672a\u7ecf\u6807\u70b9\u7684\u524d\u73b0\u4ee3\u4f5c\u54c1\u65f6\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u7406\u89e3\u53e5\u5b50\u4f55\u65f6\u8d77\u6b62\u90fd\u80fd\u5f15\u53d1\u4e89\u8bba\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u5bfc\u81f4\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u9605\u8bfb\uff0c\u8fd9\u8bed\u8a00\u4fbf\u96be\u4ee5\u7cbe\u786e\u5206\u6790\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e5f\u5e76\u975e\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u5e78\u8fd0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u6587\u8a00\u6587\u53ca\u767d\u8bdd\u6587\u91cc\uff0c\u4e00\u5143\u8bed\u6cd5(1-gram\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u201c\u5b57\u201d)\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u5355\u4f4d\u3002\u5206\u6790\u4e00\u5143\u8bed\u6cd5\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u6211\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5206\u6790\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002N\u5143\u8bed\u6cd5(N-grams)\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5bf9\u98ce\u683c\u7684\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\uff0c\u5728\u4f5c\u8005\u5f52\u56e0\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e2d\u4e5f\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u5f88\u5927\u6f5c\u529b<sup>[23]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5fc5\u987b\u5c0f\u5fc3\u8003\u8651\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u514b\u91cc\u65af\u6258\u5f17\u00b7\u859b\u8d6b(Christof Sch\u00f6ch)\u53d1\u73b0\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f6c\u6298\u70b9:\u5f53\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u5b57\u7b26\u6570\u589e\u52a0\u65f6\uff0c\u7fa4\u96c6\u4ece\u6700\u80fd\u53cd\u6620\u4f5c\u8005\u8eab\u4efd\u8f6c\u79fb\u4e3a\u66f4\u80fd\u53cd\u6620\u6587\u4f53<sup>[24]<\/sup>\u3002\u859b\u8d6b\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u662f\u6cd5\u6587\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8f6c\u6298\u70b9\u5728\u5927\u7ea6750\u4e2a\u5e38\u89c1\u8bcd\u9644\u8fd1\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5176\u4ed6\u5b66\u8005\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6570\u5b57\u4e0d\u540c<sup>[25]<\/sup>\u3002\u4ed6\u53d1\u73b0\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u5411\u91cf\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u8eab\u4efd\u4fe1\u53f7\u975e\u5e38\u5f3a\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4e2d\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e00\u5343\u4e2a\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u5355\u8bcd\u88ab\u5206\u6790\u65f6\u4ea6\u7136<sup>[26]<\/sup>\u3002\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u60c5\u51b5\u6765\u8bc4\u4f30\u6700\u4f73\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u9ad8\u9891\u4e34\u754c\u503c(top frequency threshold)\u4e0e\u4f5c\u8005\u8eab\u4efd\u6216\u6587\u4f53\u63a2\u6d4b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e5f\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5199\u5c31\u6587\u672c\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff1a\u5728\u4e2d\u6587\u91cc\uff0c\u6587\u4f53\u5bf9\u98ce\u683c\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u5e38\u4f1a\u6a21\u7cca\u4f5c\u8005\u8eab\u4efd\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u7b49\u7ea7\u805a\u7c7b\u5206\u6790\uff1a\u8d77\u59cb<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7b49\u7ea7\u805a\u7c7b\u5206\u6790\u8ba9\u4eba\u5f97\u4ee5\u521d\u7aa514\u90e8\u660e\u6e05\u6587\u672c\u5728\u98ce\u683c\u4e0a\u5982\u4f55\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u8054\u3002\u5728\u56fe1\u4e2d\uff0c\u65e0\u6839\u6811\u72b6\u56fe\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4e00\u76ee\u4e86\u7136\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u53d6\u51fa\u7684\u77e2\u91cf\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0e\u540c\u4e00\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u77e2\u91cf\u7fa4\u96c6\u5f97\u5f88\u8fd1\u5e76\u5f62\u6210\u5206\u5316\u4f53(clade)\uff0c\u5373\u5168\u90fd\u843d\u5728\u6811\u72b6\u56fe\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u652f\u4e0a\u7684\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6587\u672c\u7ec4\u3002\u76f8\u4f3c\u6587\u4f53\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5f62\u6210\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u9ad8\u4f4d(next highest order)\u805a\u7c7b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u300a\u6c34\u6d52\u4f20\u300b\u4e0e\u300a\u91d1\u74f6\u6885\u300b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e86\u7528\u6b64\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6587\u672c\u5173\u7cfb\u8861\u91cf\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u3002\u4e09\u4e2a\u300a\u91d1\u74f6\u6885\u300b\u7684\u5411\u91cf\u843d\u5728\u300a\u91d1\u74f6\u6885\u300b\u5206\u5316\u4f53\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5374\u4e0d\u504f\u4e0d\u501a\u843d\u5728\u300a\u6c34\u6d52\u4f20\u300b\u5206\u5316\u4f53\u5185\u3002\u8fd9\u975e\u5e38\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5411\u91cf\u53cd\u6620\u7684\u662f\u300a\u91d1\u74f6\u6885\u300b\u524d\u4e09\u8282\u4e07\u4e2a\u4e00\u5143\u8bed\u6cd5\u7247\u6bb5\u3002\u300a\u91d1\u74f6\u6885\u300b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7247\u6bb5\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u8bed\u53e5\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e00\u5b57\u4e0d\u5dee\u5730\u53d6\u81ea\u300a\u6c34\u6d52\u4f20\u300b\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\u90fd\u53d6\u81ea\u63cf\u8ff0\u6b66\u677e\u7684\u5192\u9669\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u7ae0\u56de\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u56fe1-6-1024x578.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2404\" width=\"818\" height=\"462\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u56fe1-6-1024x578.png 1024w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u56fe1-6-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u56fe1-6-768x434.png 768w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u56fe1-6.png 1410w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 818px) 100vw, 818px\" \/><figcaption>\u56fe1&nbsp; \u65e0\u6839\u591a\u8fb9\u6811\u72b6\u56fe(\u663e\u793a14\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e07\u5b57\u7247\u6bb5\u548c100\u4e2a\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5b57)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u6ce8\uff1a\u91ce\u53f2\u5168\u90e8\u843d\u5728\u5355\u72ec\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u5316\u4f53\u4e0a\uff0c\u620f\u5267\u4e5f\u662f\u3002\u300a\u6c34\u6d52\u4f20\u300b\u5206\u88c2\u5230\u4e24\u4e2a\u5206\u5316\u4f53\u3002\u300a\u91d1\u74f6\u6885\u300b\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u7247\u6bb5\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u5728\u300a\u6c34\u6d52\u4f20\u300b\u7684\u7247\u6bb5\u91cc\u3002\u66f4\u504f\u6587\u8a00\u7684\u6587\u672c\u843d\u5728\u56fe\u5de6\u4fa7\uff0c\u53f3\u4fa7\u7684\u66f4\u504f\u767d\u8bdd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fe\u8fd8\u6307\u5411\u5c0f\u8bf4\u548c\u91ce\u53f2\u95f4\u7684\u504f\u79bb(divergence)\u3002\u4e00\u4fa7\u662f\u6587\u8a00\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u672c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u3002\u6240\u6709\u91ce\u53f2\u90fd\u7fa4\u96c6\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u4fa7\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u300a\u56fd\u8272\u5929\u9999\u300b\u548c\u300a\u4e09\u56fd\u6f14\u4e49\u300b\u8fd9\u4e24\u672c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u91ce\u53f2\u90fd\u843d\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u4fa7\u5e76\u7c07\u62e5\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u5316\u4f53\u4e0a\u3002\u300a\u7687\u660e\u76db\u4e8b\u8ff0\u300b\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u91ce\u53f2\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u6700\u8fdc\uff0c\u300a\u4e07\u5386\u91ce\u83b7\u7f16\u300b\u843d\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5206\u5316\u4f53\u4e0a\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u4e24\u90e8\u91ce\u53f2\u843d\u5728\u9644\u8fd1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6587\u8a00\u7684\u300a\u56fd\u8272\u5929\u9999\u300b\u4e0e\u91ce\u53f2\u7684\u63a5\u8fd1\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u91ce\u53f2\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u4e0e\u53e4\u5178\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u7d27\u5bc6\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u300a\u4e09\u56fd\u6f14\u4e49\u300b\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f5c\u54c1\u5982\u6b64\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u4e5f\u5e76\u4e0d\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u5f02\u3002\u5b83\u4ece\u5185\u5bb9(\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u5386\u53f2)\u548c\u8bed\u8a00\u6765\u8bf4\u90fd\u5f88\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u66f4\u6b63\u5f0f<sup>[27]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u767d\u8bdd\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e3b\u5bb0\u4e86\u6811\u72b6\u56fe\u53e6\u4e00\u4fa7\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u4e0e\u56fe\u8868\u6587\u8a00\u4e00\u4fa7\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u6b64\u5904\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u66f4\u8fdc;\u300a\u91d1\u74f6\u6885\u300b\u548c\u300a\u897f\u6e38\u8bb0\u300b\u90fd\u76f8\u5bf9\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u767d\u8bdd\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0e\u91ce\u53f2\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u6bd4\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0e\u9644\u8fd1\u5176\u4ed6\u767d\u8bdd\u4f5c\u54c1\u6765\u8bf4\u8981\u8fdc\u5f97\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5267\u672c\u300a\u6843\u82b1\u6247\u300b\u300a\u6e05\u5fe0\u8c31\u300b\u300a\u7435\u7436\u8bb0\u300b\u548c\u300a\u7261\u4e39\u4ead\u300b\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6709\u91ce\u53f2\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u540c\u6e90\u6027\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5185\u5bb9\u5dee\u5f02\u663e\u8457\u3002\u8fd9\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u6587\u4f53\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u672c\u5982\u4f55\u805a\u7c7b\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5267\u672c\u4e0e\u300a\u6a35\u53f2\u901a\u4fd7\u6f14\u4e49\u300b\u95f4\u7684\u5bc6\u5207\u5173\u7cfb\u6709\u70b9\u8ba9\u4eba\u60ca\u8bb6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u7ec4\u6837\u672c\u91cc\u7684\u540c\u6e90\u6027\u5927\u591a\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u6765\u81ea\u5386\u53f2\u9898\u6750\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u300a\u6a35\u53f2\u901a\u4fd7\u6f14\u4e49\u300b\u300a\u6843\u82b1\u6247\u300b\u548c\u300a\u6e05\u5fe0\u8c31\u300b\u90fd\u662f\u6709\u5173\u660e\u672b\u6e05\u521d\u5386\u53f2\u4e3b\u9898\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u4f46\u90fd\u843d\u5728\u8ddd\u91ce\u53f2\u548c\u6587\u8a00\u5c0f\u8bf4\u9887\u8fdc\u5904\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5267\u672c\u805a\u7c7b\u5f97\u5f88\u8fd1\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u5386\u53f2\u4e0e\u975e\u5386\u53f2\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\u5206\u6790\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u5b50\u5206\u7b49\u7ea7\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u6709:\u9996\u5148\u662f\u8bed\u8a00\u98ce\u683c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5176\u4ed6\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f5c\u54c1\u66f4\u504f\u767d\u8bdd;\u7136\u540e\u662f\u6587\u4f53\u3002\u6811\u72b6\u56fe\u4e0a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f5c\u54c1\u6328\u5f97\u5f88\u8fd1\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u6697\u793a\u4e86\u53ef\u80fd\u6b63\u5728\u53d1\u751f\u4ee5\u5185\u5bb9\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u7fa4\u96c6\u3002\u300a\u6a35\u53f2\u901a\u4fd7\u6f14\u4e49\u300b\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u5267\u672c\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u660e\u6e05\u4ea4\u66ff\u65f6\u671f\u6216\u4e4b\u524d\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a<sup>[28]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u56db\u90e8\u91ce\u53f2\u5305\u542b\u7684\u4e00\u5143\u8bed\u6cd5\u9891\u7387\u4e0e\u6587\u8a00\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u5143\u8bed\u6cd5\u9891\u7387\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0e\u4e00\u90e8\u6b63\u53f2\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u6709\u591a\u8fd1?\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u805a\u7c7b\u5206\u6790\u5c06\u7bc7\u5e45\u5f88\u957f\u7684\u300a\u660e\u53f2\u300b\u7eb3\u5165\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u56de\u7b54\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u56fe2\u8868\u660e\u4e86\u5206\u6790\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4f46\u5220\u9664\u4e86\u6811\u72b6\u56fe\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u767d\u8bdd\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u4e00\u4fa7\uff0c\u8fd9\u4fa7\u548c\u56fe1\u7684\u533a\u522b\u4e0d\u5927<sup>[29]<\/sup>\u3002\u91ce\u53f2\u540c\u300a\u660e\u53f2\u300b\u7247\u6bb5\u76f8\u5f53\u63a5\u8fd1\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u8868\u660e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u91ce\u53f2\u4e5f\u4ee5\u67d0\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u88ab\u7eb3\u5165\u4e86\u300a\u660e\u53f2\u300b\u3002\u4ee3\u8868\u300a\u660e\u53f2\u300b\u7684\u5411\u91cf\u5728\u6811\u72b6\u56fe\u4e2d\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u4f5c\u54c1\u66f4\u4e3a\u5206\u6563\u3002\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5305\u542b\u8bb8\u591a\u4e3b\u9898\u548c\u98ce\u683c\u5404\u5f02\u7684\u7247\u6bb5\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u7531\u591a\u4f4d\u5b98\u65b9\u5b66\u8005\u5408\u4f5c\u64b0\u5199\u3002\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7565\u4e3a\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u5386\u53f2\u4f5c\u54c1(\u867d\u7136\u300a\u56fd\u8272\u5929\u9999\u300b\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u4e0e\u300a\u4e07\u5386\u91ce\u83b7\u7f16\u300b\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">126\u90e8\u5b8c\u6574\u6587\u672c\u7684\u7b49\u7ea7\u805a\u7c7b\u5206\u6790<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5230\u8fd9\u65f6\u4e3a\u6b62\u6211\u7528\u6587\u672c\u7247\u6bb5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u91cf\u89c4\uff0c\u5224\u65ad\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f5c\u54c1\u5185\u5728\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb<sup>[30]<\/sup>\u3002\u7b49\u7ea7\u805a\u7c7b\u5206\u6790\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u4f5c\u54c1\u95f4\u6bd4\u8f83\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u7a81\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u805a\u7c7b\u5206\u6790\u80fd\u5728\u4f55\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u8fa8\u522b\u4e00\u90e8\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u6587\u4f53\u7279\u5f81?\u8fd9\u91cc\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u662f\u91ce\u53f2\u3002\u91ce\u53f2\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u662f\u5426\u8db3\u591f\u540c\u6e90\u3001\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8fa8\u522b?\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u770b\u56db\u90e8\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u91ce\u53f2\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u662f\u5426\u4f9d\u7136\u90a3\u6837\u6709\u5185\u805a\u6027(cohesive)?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u56fe2-7-789x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2403\" width=\"523\" height=\"679\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u56fe2-7-789x1024.png 789w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u56fe2-7-231x300.png 231w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u56fe2-7-768x996.png 768w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u56fe2-7.png 945w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 523px) 100vw, 523px\" \/><figcaption>\u56fe2&nbsp; \u4e07\u5b57\u7247\u6bb5\u591a\u8fb9\u6811\u72b6\u56fe<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u6ce8\uff1a\u7528\u4e86100\u4e2a\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5b57\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u300a\u660e\u53f2\u300b\u3002\u300a\u660e\u53f2\u300b\u548c\u91ce\u53f2\u95f4\u6709\u5f88\u8fd1\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5c06\u4f5c\u54c1\u5207\u5206\u4e3a\u4e07\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u5207\u7247\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e0d\u8ba1\u957f\u5ea6\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6574\u90e8\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u4f1a\u600e\u6837?\u8fd9\u4e48\u505a\u80fd\u591f\u89c6\u89c9\u5316\u66f4\u5927\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u5355\u90e8\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fa8\u8bc6\u7684\u56fe\u50cf;\u5982\u679c\u5207\u5206\uff0c\u5404\u5207\u7247\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u5c06\u8fbe\u5230\u6570\u5343\u4e2a\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u5206\u6790\u4e0d\u540c\u6587\u4f53\u7684\u591a\u90e8\u4f5c\u54c1\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u91ce\u53f2\u5982\u4f55\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u4f5c\u54c1\u76f8\u5173\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u591a\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u6574\u90e8\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u52a3\u52bf\u5728\u4e8e\u5185\u5728\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0d\u518d\u663e\u660e\u3002\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u6807\u51c6\u5316\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u957f\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e0d\u4f1a\u538b\u5012\u77ed\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002\u6709\u51e0\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u6bcf\u4e07\u5b57\u7b26\u53d1\u751f\u6b21\u6570\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u6307\u5b9a\u5206\u503c<sup>[31]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u56fe3-6.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2402\" width=\"560\" height=\"759\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u56fe3-6.png 697w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u56fe3-6-221x300.png 221w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 560px) 100vw, 560px\" \/><figcaption>\u56fe3&nbsp; \u6587\u672c\u7b49\u7ea7\u805a\u7c7b(\u4f7f\u7528200\u4e2a\u6700\u5e38\u89c1N\u5143\u8bed\u6cd5\u7684\u6bcf\u5343\u5b57\u9891\u7387)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u6ce8\uff1a\u767d\u8bdd\u5c0f\u8bf4\u90fd\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u6811\u72b6\u56fe\u53f3\u4fa7\uff0c\u6587\u8a00\u5c0f\u8bf4\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u5de6\u4fa7\u3002\u53f3\u4fa7\u6ca1\u6709\u91ce\u53f2\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u591a\u6570\u91ce\u53f2\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u91ce\u53f2\u7fa4\u96c6\u5f88\u8fd1\uff0c\u5076\u5c14\u88ab\u6b63\u53f2\u548c\u7b14\u8bb0\u6253\u65ad\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f5c\u54c1\u5360\u636e\u7684\u5206\u5316\u4f53\u7528\u6d0b\u7ea2\u8272(\u81f3\u5c11\u542b\u67096\u90e8\u91ce\u53f2\u6216\u7b14\u8bb0\u7684\u5206\u5316\u4f53)\u548c\u84dd\u7eff\u8272(\u81f3\u5c11\u542b3\u90e8\u7684\u5206\u5316\u4f53)\u8868\u793a\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u6b63\u53f2\u5206\u5316\u4f53\u90fd\u548c\u91ce\u53f2\u7fa4\u96c6\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u56fe3\u662f126\u90e8\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5168\u672c\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u6709\u6839\u6811\u72b6\u56fe\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8ba1\u7b97\u6bcf\u5343\u5b57\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e2aN\u5143\u8bed\u6cd5\u53d1\u751f\u6b21\u6570\u800c\u8ba9\u6570\u636e\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u3002\u6211\u7528\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u4e24\u767e\u4e2a\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u5b57\u7b26\u6765\u805a\u7c7b\u4f5c\u54c1<sup>[32]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u56fe3\u6e05\u695a\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u6811\u72b6\u56fe\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u767d\u8bdd\u548c\u6587\u8a00\u4f5c\u54c1\u95f4\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u5206\u9694(division)\u3002\u91ce\u53f2\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u5185\u805a\u6027\u7684\u805a\u7c7b\uff0c\u53ea\u88ab\u4e00\u90e8\u7b14\u8bb0\u3001\u51e0\u90e8\u672a\u5206\u7c7b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u548c\u4e24\u90e8\u6b63\u53f2\u6253\u65ad\u3002\u767d\u8bdd\u5c0f\u8bf4\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u5f7c\u6b64\u805a\u7c7b\u7684\u8d8b\u5411\uff0c\u5267\u672c\u5219\u7d27\u51d1\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u5206\u5e03\u6700\u5e7f\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u662f\u77ed\u7bc7\u5c0f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u8bed\u8a00\u6b63\u5f0f\u6027(language formality)\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u81ea\u6211\u5206\u9694\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5206\u9694\u5e76\u975e\u5b8c\u7f8e\uff0c\u4f46\u6587\u672c\u5927\u81f4\u6cbf\u7740\u6587\u4f53\u7ebf(generic line)\u7fa4\u96c6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6811\u72b6\u56fe\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u4ee5\u65b0\u65b9\u5f0f\u63a2\u7d22\u51c6\u5386\u53f2\u3002\u5176\u5206\u7ec4\u4e00\u76f4\u4ee5\u6587\u4f53\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u5206\u7ec4\u65b9\u5f0f\u8868\u660e\u4e86\u91ce\u53f2\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u51c6\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5dee\u5f02\u662f\u8bed\u8a00\u98ce\u683c\u3002\u6b64\u5916\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\u91ce\u53f2\u548c\u767d\u8bdd\u5c0f\u8bf4\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u6b64\u5904\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u786e\u5b9e\u50cf\u662f\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u67d0\u4e9b\u6587\u672c\u6709\u51e0\u4e4e\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4f46\u8bed\u57df\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982:\u5173\u4e8e\u5ba6\u5b98\u9b4f\u5fe0\u8d24(1568-1627)\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u843d\u5728\u53f3\u4fa7(\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u767d\u8bdd\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e00\u8d77)\uff0c\u91ce\u53f2\u843d\u5728\u5de6\u4fa7(\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u91ce\u53f2\u4e00\u8d77)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u52a0\u6df1\u5bf9\u865a\u6784\/\u5386\u53f2\u98ce\u683c\u68af\u5ea6\u7684\u7406\u89e3<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u91ce\u53f2\u805a\u7c7b\u9760\u8fd1\u6587\u8a00\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u8fdc\u79bb\u767d\u8bdd\u5c0f\u8bf4\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e00\u5173\u7cfb(\u6216\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8fd9\u4e00\u5173\u7cfb)\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48?\u91ce\u53f2\u662f\u5426\u88ab\u5408\u7406\u731c\u6d4b\u4e3a\u5bf9\u6b63\u53f2\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\u6216\u4e0e\u865a\u6784\u6563\u6587\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837?\u4e4b\u524d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5c0f\u578b\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u96be\u4ee5\u5f97\u51fa\u6982\u62ec\u6027\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u8f6c\u5411\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5927\u578b\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u6587\u672c\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u660e\u6e05\u65f6\u671f\u865a\u6784\u3001\u534a\u865a\u6784\/\u534a\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u4f5c\u54c1\u95f4\u7684\u98ce\u683c\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u8003\u5bdf\u4e8634\u90e8\u6b63\u53f2(2,929\u4e2a\u4e00\u4e07\u5b57\u7b26\u7247\u6bb5)\uff0c365\u90e8\u5c0f\u8bf4(5,631\u4e2a\u7247\u6bb5)\uff0c57\u90e8\u91ce\u53f2(347\u4e2a\u7247\u6bb5)\uff0c68\u90e8\u6f14\u4e49(\u5386\u53f2\u9898\u6750\u5c0f\u8bf4\uff0c1,731\u4e2a\u7247\u6bb5)<sup>[33]<\/sup>\u3002\u591a\u6570\u660e\u6e05\u6587\u672c\u6bcf\u9875\u6709140\u5230280\u5b57<sup>[34]<\/sup>\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e07\u5b57\u7b26\u7247\u6bb5\u53cd\u6620\u4e8635\u523070\u9875\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u5176\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ea650\u4e07\u9875\u7684\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6b63\u53f2\u548c\u4e00\u534a\u91ce\u53f2\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6587\u672c\u90fd\u5199\u4e8e\u660e\u6e05\u4e24\u671d<sup>[35]<\/sup>\u3002\u6211\u7684\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u8ba1\u5165\u5267\u672c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u672c\u7684\u98ce\u683c\u60ef\u4f8b\u591a\u5c11\u8ba9\u5b83\u4eec\u63a5\u8fd1\u5176\u4ed6\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u6563\u6587\u98ce\u683c<sup>[36]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u56fe4\u7684\u805a\u7c7b\u5206\u6790\u8ffd\u968f\u4e4b\u524d\u770b\u5230\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5206\u79bb\u8fd8\u662f\u6cbf\u7740\u6587\u8a00\/\u767d\u8bdd\u8fd9\u6761\u7ebf\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u6587\u8a00\u4e0e\u767d\u8bdd\u7684\u5bf9\u7acb(polarity)\u3002\u6240\u6709\u6b63\u53f2\u90fd\u5728\u5de6\u8fb9\uff0c\u6700\u5de6\u8fb9\u7684\u5206\u5316\u4f53\u51e0\u4e4e\u5305\u542b\u6240\u6709\u6b63\u53f2\u548c\u8bb8\u591a\u91ce\u53f2\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u6587\u8a00\u5c0f\u8bf4\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u6811\u72b6\u56fe\u5de6\u8fb9\uff0c\u4e0e\u6b63\u53f2\u5206\u5f00\u7fa4\u96c6\u3002\u6f14\u4e49\u8ba9\u5c40\u9762\u590d\u6742\u5316\u4e86\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u878d\u5165\u53f3\u4fa7\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5206\u5316\u4f53\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5386\u53f2\u7f16\u7e82\u6587\u732e\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u6587\u8a00\u5199\u6210\u7684\u91ce\u53f2\u4e0e\u6b63\u53f2\u5173\u7cfb\u6700\u4e3a\u5bc6\u5207\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u4e0e\u6f14\u4e49\u7684\u67d0\u79cd\u4eb2\u548c\u6027<sup>[37]<\/sup>\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6df7\u5408\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u6027\u5185\u5bb9\u5bfc\u81f4\u865a\u6784\u6587\u672c\u540c\u5386\u53f2\u8457\u4f5c\u66f4\u8fd1\u5730\u7fa4\u96c6\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u5185\u5bb9\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u80fd\u9884\u6d4b\u4e00\u90e8\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u7c7b\u522b\u3002\u63a2\u7a76\u8fd9\u79cd\u660e\u663e\u6df7\u5408\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u8981\u6c42\u4ee5\u4e3b\u6210\u5206\u5206\u6790\u505a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7814\u7a76:\u8fd9\u662f\u98ce\u683c\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u8fde\u63a5(bridging)\u8fd8\u662f\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u4e24\u5206\u6cd5(dichotomy)?\u5386\u53f2\u5185\u5bb9\u7a76\u7adf\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u98ce\u683c?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u56fe4-2-889x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2401\" width=\"687\" height=\"791\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u56fe4-2-889x1024.png 889w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u56fe4-2-260x300.png 260w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u56fe4-2-768x885.png 768w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u56fe4-2.png 1025w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 687px) 100vw, 687px\" \/><figcaption>\u56fe4&nbsp; \u6b63\u53f2\u3001\u91ce\u53f2\u3001\u5c0f\u8bf4\u548c\u6f14\u4e49\u7684\u7b49\u7ea7\u805a\u7c7b\u5206\u6790(\u75281,000\u4e2a\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47\u9891\u7387)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u6ce8\uff1a\u6587\u672c\u5e76\u672a\u5206\u4e3a\u7b49\u957f\u7247\u6bb5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u805a\u7c7b\u5206\u6790\u548c\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e00\u6837\u660e\u663e\u4ee5\u6587\u8a00\/\u767d\u8bdd\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u5206\u9694\u3002\u6811\u72b6\u56fe\u5de6\u4fa7\u5c11\u6570\u51e0\u90e8\u5c0f\u8bf4\u90fd\u662f\u6587\u8a00\uff0c\u53f3\u4fa7\u6709\u5c0f\u8bf4\u548c\u8bb8\u591a\u6f14\u4e49\u53ca\u5c11\u91cf\u91ce\u53f2\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u975e\u5b98\u65b9\u5386\u53f2\u7fa4\u96c6\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u51e0\u5904\u4ea4\u7ec7\u7740\u6f14\u4e49\u548c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u6587\u8a00\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u4e3b\u6210\u5206\u5206\u6790<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u91ce\u53f2\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u76f8\u5f53\u6709\u5185\u805a\u6027\u7684\u6587\u4f53\uff0c\u4e0e\u6b63\u53f2\u7d27\u5bc6\u7fa4\u96c6\u5e76\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5730\u4e0e\u6587\u8a00\u4f5c\u54c1\u805a\u7c7b\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u660e\u6e05\u76ee\u5f55\u5b66\u5bb6\u5728\u91ce\u53f2\u548c\u5c0f\u8bf4(petty talk)\u4e4b\u95f4\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u5bc6\u5207\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u5b66\u5173\u7cfb\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5df2\u662f\u8fc7\u65f6\u7684\u8be1\u8ba1\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u66f4\u652f\u6301\u4e86\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u6240\u6301\u7684\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u533a\u5206\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u6587\u4f53\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u660e\u6e05\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5bb6\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u5c06\u91ce\u53f2\u8fd9\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed\u632a\u7528\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e66\u540d\u4e0a\uff0c\u52a0\u5f3a\u4e86\u4e0e\u5f53\u65f6\u201c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u201d\u7684\u5173\u8054\u3002\u5728\u201c\u6587\u732e\u201d\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u91cc\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u4e24\u672c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u9009\u96c6\u91cc\u5f52\u7c7b\u4e3a\u91ce\u53f2\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u4ed6\u5404\u79cd\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5728\u4e66\u540d\u91cc\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u91ce\u53f2\u6216\u6709\u5173\u672f\u8bed<sup>[38]<\/sup>\u3002\u76ee\u5f55\u5b66\u5bb6\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u6784\u60f3\u6587\u672c\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u4eec\u60f3\u4f20\u8fbe\u7ed9\u666e\u901a\u8bfb\u8005\u7684\u5370\u8c61\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u8005\u95f4\u6709\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4f5c\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u91ce\u53f2\u7eb3\u5165\u81ea\u5df1\u4e66\u540d\u91cc\u6765\u5bf9\u4ed8\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e8c\u5206\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd9\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f88\u6709\u8da3<sup>[39]<\/sup>\u3002\u56fe4\u767d\u8bdd\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u91ce\u53f2\u7684\u7fa4\u96c6\u53ef\u89c1\u82e5\u5e72\u6b64\u7c7b\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7b49\u7ea7\u805a\u7c7b\u5206\u6790(HCA)\u4e3a\u660e\u6e05\u6587\u672c\u4e0d\u8db3\u4e3a\u5947\u7684\u5927\u9762\u79ef\u6587\u8a00\/\u767d\u8bdd\u5dee\u5f02\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8981\u5728HCA\u91cc\u786e\u8ba4\u8fd9\u79cd\u5dee\u5f02\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u5219\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u6784\u6210\u7684\u5148\u9a8c\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u4e3b\u6210\u5206\u5206\u6790\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u5185\u90e8\u504f\u5dee\u505a\u8bed\u6cd5\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u8ba9\u4eba\u5bf9\u6587\u672c\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u6709\u66f4\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u5e76\u63ed\u793a\u6784\u6210\u504f\u79bb\u7684\u786e\u5207\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u4e3b\u6210\u5206\u5206\u6790(PCA)\u6ca1\u6709\u5bf9\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u7684\u5148\u9a8c\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u4f46\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u6587\u672c\u4e3a\u4f55\u8fd9\u6837\u7fa4\u96c6\u3002\u5b83\u8fd8\u8ba9\u6211\u80fd\u591f\u5c06\u6587\u672c\u4ee5\u65b0\u65b9\u5f0f\u89c6\u89c9\u5316\uff0c\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e3b\u6210\u5206\u540e\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u7ed8\u5236\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e3b\u8981\u6210\u5206\u4e0a\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u5750\u6807\u8f74\u3002\u5173\u952e\u662f\u8fd9\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\u5386\u53f2\u6027\u4fee\u8f9e(historical rhetoric)\u5bf9\u6587\u672c\u98ce\u683c\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u6709\u591a\u5927\uff0c\u504f\u79bb\u53d1\u751f\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u4ee5\u5185\u5bb9\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u8bed\u4e49\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u8bdd\u8bed(historical discourse)\u5bf9\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4e2d\u975e\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u8bcd\u65bd\u52a0\u4e86\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u6070\u5f53\u5730\u63cf\u8ff0\u5386\u53f2\u4f5c\u54c1\u548c\u865a\u6784\u4f5c\u54c1\u95f4\u7684\u504f\u79bb\uff0c\u6211\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e94\u8be5\u663e\u793a\u660e\u786e\u5206\u9694\u7684\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u5b50\u96c6\u7740\u624b:\u5c0f\u8bf4\u548c\u6b63\u53f2\u3002\u56fe5a\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u53d6\u81ea\u6b63\u53f2\u548c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u4e00\u4e07\u4e2a\u4e00\u5143\u8bed\u6cd5\u7247\u6bb5\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u7ed8\u5236(plotted onto)\u5230\u524d\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e3b\u6210\u5206\u4e0a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4f53\u95f4\u6709\u660e\u663e\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5c11\u91cf\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7247\u6bb5\u7a81\u5165\u6b63\u53f2\u5360\u636e\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u8fd9\u652f\u6301\u4e86\u524d\u9762\u56fe\u8868\u91cc\u770b\u5230\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5206\u9694\u5982\u6b64\u660e\u786e\u4e5f\u6709\u4e9b\u51fa\u4eba\u610f\u6599\u3002\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4f53\u6cbf\u7740\u7ebf\u72b6\u5288\u7406(a linear cleavage)\u5206\u5f00\uff0c\u591a\u6570\u5dee\u5f02\u6cbf\u7740\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u6210\u5206\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u5360\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u5185\u504f\u5dee\u768433%\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u4e3b\u6210\u5206\u5360\u6240\u6709\u504f\u5dee\u7684\u7ea66%<sup>[40]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u56fe5-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2400\" width=\"510\" height=\"698\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u56fe5-2.png 690w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u56fe5-2-219x300.png 219w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 510px) 100vw, 510px\" \/><figcaption>\u56fe5a&nbsp; \u6b63\u53f2\u548c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u4e3b\u6210\u5206\u5206\u6790(\u7528\u8bed\u6599\u5e931000\u4e2a\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u5b57\u7b26\u5206\u679010000\u4e2a\u4e00\u5143\u8bed\u6cd5\u7247\u6bb5)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u6ce8\uff1a\u9664\u4e86\u5c11\u6570\u4f8b\u5916\uff0c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u548c\u6b63\u53f2\u7684\u6587\u672c\u7247\u6bb5\u5728\u7ed8\u5236\u65f6\u90fd\u6cbf\u7b2c\u4e00\u548c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e3b\u6210\u5206\u805a\u7c7b\u3002\u5c11\u6570\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7247\u6bb5\u786e\u5b9e\u4fb5\u5165\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u5386\u53f2\u5360\u636e\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u5386\u53f2\u4f5c\u54c1\u8fdb\u5165PC\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u53f3\u4fa7\u5bc6\u96c6\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7fa4\u96c6\u663e\u800c\u6613\u89c1\uff0c\u4f46\u8981\u6070\u5f53\u9610\u91ca\u8fd9\u4e2aPCA\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u770b\u4e00\u5f20\u56e0\u5b50\u8f7d\u8377\u56fe(loadings plot)\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u7684\u662f\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u6587\u732e\u5728\u56fe5a\u7684\u843d\u70b9\u3002\u56fe5b\u5219\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u5bf9\u4e3b\u6210\u5206\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\u3002\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7acb\u523b\u5c31\u6e05\u6670\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e3b\u6210\u5206\u5927\u81f4\u4e0e\u6587\u672c\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u6b63\u5f0f\u6027\u76f8\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e0e\u6587\u672c\u7684\u6587\u8a00\u6216\u767d\u8bdd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u6709\u5173\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u201c\u4e4b\u201d\u548c\u201c\u7684\u201d\u90fd\u662f\u4ece\u5c5e\u52a9\u8bcd(possessive particles)\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u5927\u4f53\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u524d\u8005\u662f\u6587\u8a00\u8bcd\u800c\u540e\u8005\u662f\u767d\u8bdd\u8bcd<sup>[41]<\/sup>\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e3b\u5206\u91cf\u66f4\u96be\u505a\u8bed\u6cd5\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e0e\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u5730\u7406\u7a7a\u95f4\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8bcd\u8131\u9896\u800c\u51fa\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u5c06\u6587\u732e\u62d6\u5230\u5de6\u4e0a\u8c61\u9650(\u5e74year\uff0c\u6708month\uff0c\u5ddeprovince\uff0c\u5357south\uff0c\u897fwest\uff0c\u4e8ctwo\uff0c\u4e09three)\uff0c\u8fd9\u5757\u7a7a\u95f4\u5b8c\u5168\u7531\u6b63\u53f2\u8bcd\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u5bf9\u65f6\u95f4\u6027\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u7279\u522b\u5173\u6ce8\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u91cc\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5916\uff0c\u610f\u5916\u7684\u662f\u5b83\u5728\u533a\u5206\u5386\u53f2\u8457\u4f5c\u7247\u6bb5\u548c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u65f6\u80fd\u505a\u5230\u591a\u5c11\u3002\u5c0f\u8bf4\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u732e\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5c06\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5728\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u5730\u7406\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e2d<sup>[42]<\/sup>\u3002\u5305\u542b\u5f88\u591a\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd(\u4e0d<em>no<\/em>)\u3001\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u4eba\u79f0\u4ee3\u8bcd(\u4f60<em>you<\/em>\uff0c\u6211<em>me<\/em>\uff0c\u4ed6<em>him<\/em>)\u7684\u6587\u732e\u4ece\u4e3b\u6210\u5206\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5e95\u90e8\u5411\u4e2d\u95f4\u504f\u53f3\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f5c\u54c1\u5168\u662f\u5c0f\u8bf4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u56fe6-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2399\" width=\"521\" height=\"635\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u56fe6-1.png 775w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u56fe6-1-246x300.png 246w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u56fe6-1-768x936.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 521px) 100vw, 521px\" \/><figcaption>\u56fe5b&nbsp; \u6765\u81ea\u56fe5a\u7684\u4e3b\u5206\u91cf\u8f7d\u8377\u56fe<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u6ce8\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8f7d\u8377\u56fe\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u53d8\u91cf\u5bf9\u4e3b\u5206\u91cf\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e3b\u5206\u91cf\u4e0e\u6587\u732e\u6563\u6587\u7684\u6587\u8a00\u6216\u767d\u8bdd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u6709\u5173\u3002\u5de6\u8fb9\u7684\u6c49\u5b57\u66f4\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u6587\u8a00\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u53f3\u8fb9\u7684\u6c49\u5b57\u5219\u5f80\u5f80\u5728\u767d\u8bdd\u8a00\u8bed\u4e2d\u5360\u591a\u6570\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e3b\u5206\u91cf\u4e0d\u90a3\u4e48\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u7136\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u6b63\u8f7d\u8377\u660e\u663e\u4e0e\u5730\u7406\u4f4d\u7f6e\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u6709\u5173\u3002\u8d1f\u8f7d\u8377\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e0e\u4eba\u4e0e\u611f\u60c5\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u66f4\u8fd1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e3b\u6210\u5206\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5bf9\u7a7f\u8fc7\u5404\u4e3b\u6210\u5206\u7684\u8f7d\u8377\u66f4\u7ec6\u81f4\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u82e5\u5e72\u66f4\u4e3a\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6210\u5206\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u4ece\u6587\u8a00\u5230\u767d\u8bdd\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u68af\u5ea6(gradient)\u3002\u88681\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u6cbf\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e3b\u6210\u5206(PC1)\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u8d1f\u8f7d\u8377\u548c\u6b63\u8f7d\u8377<sup>[43]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u88681&nbsp; \u6cbfPC1\u7684\u524d20\u4e2a\u8d1f\u8f7d\u8377\u548c\u6b63\u8f7d\u8377\uff0c\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u6587\u8a00\u4e0e\u767d\u8bdd\u7684\u5bf9\u7acb<sup>[44]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"652\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u56fe7-652x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2398\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u56fe7-652x1024.png 652w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u56fe7-191x300.png 191w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u56fe7-768x1207.png 768w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u56fe7-977x1536.png 977w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u56fe7.png 1134w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 652px) 100vw, 652px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u7eed\u88681 \uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u7eed\u56fe7.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2397\" width=\"570\" height=\"199\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u7eed\u56fe7.png 984w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u7eed\u56fe7-300x105.png 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u7eed\u56fe7-768x268.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 570px) 100vw, 570px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u5927\u7ea6\u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u516d\u7684\u504f\u5dee\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e3b\u5206\u91cf\u91cc\uff0c\u8d1f\u8f7d\u8377\u7565\u4e3a\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u8be0\u91ca\u3002\u201c\u4e4b\u201d(possessive)\u548c\u201c\u4e0d\u201d(no)\u4f9d\u7136\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u6cbf\u7740\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e3b\u5206\u91cf\u7684\u504f\u5dee\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u4e0d\u90a3\u4e48\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u8377\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u4e0e\u4eba\u548c\u5185\u5728\u6027(interiority)\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u8fc7\u5ea6\u89e3\u91ca(reading too much in to them)\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u542b\u7cca\u5e76\u975e\u7279\u522b\u610f\u5916\uff0c\u65e2\u7136\u5c0f\u8bf4\u9887\u4e3a\u5747\u5300\u5730\u6cbf\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e3b\u5206\u91cf\u4e0b\u90e8\u5206\u5e03\u3002\u4f46\u6b63\u8f7d\u8377\u4fe1\u606f\u91cf\u5927\u5f97\u591a\uff0c\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u672c\u91cc\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u504f\u5dee\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0a\u90fd\u4e0e\u5386\u53f2\u6027(historicity)\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u88682\u6cbfPC2\u7684\u524d20\u4e2a\u6b63\u8f7d\u8377:\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8f7d\u8377\u4e0e\u6570\u5b57\u548c\u5730\u7406\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5f3a\u76f8\u5173<sup>[45]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u88682&nbsp; PC2\u91cc\u7684\u524d20\u4e2a\u6b63\u8f7d\u8377<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u56fe8-1-908x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2395\" width=\"550\" height=\"620\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u56fe8-1-908x1024.png 908w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u56fe8-1-266x300.png 266w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u56fe8-1-768x866.png 768w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u56fe8-1.png 938w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u56fe5a\u5de6\u4e0b\u8c61\u9650\u6709\u51e0\u90e8\u5c0f\u8bf4\u6df7\u6742\u5230\u6b63\u53f2\u7a7a\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u5b50\u7247\u6bb5\u91cc\uff0c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u548c\u6b63\u53f2\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u76f8\u4f3c\u98ce\u683c\uff0c\u6211\u4f1a\u5047\u8bbe\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u672c\u591a\u4e3a\u5386\u53f2\u9898\u6750\u5c0f\u8bf4\u3002\u8003\u5bdf\u5b8c\u6574\u6587\u672c\u7684PCA\u65f6\u8fd9\u79cd\u6df7\u6742\u5c31\u4e0d\u90a3\u4e48\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5b83\u4eec\u660e\u663e\u7fa4\u96c6\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5982\u56fe6\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u95f4\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u6a21\u7cca\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u56fe9-1-819x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2394\" width=\"456\" height=\"570\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u56fe9-1-819x1024.png 819w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u56fe9-1-240x300.png 240w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u56fe9-1-768x960.png 768w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u56fe9-1.png 945w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 456px) 100vw, 456px\" \/><figcaption>\u56fe6&nbsp; \u5168\u672c\u6b63\u53f2\u548c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u4e3b\u6210\u5206\u5206\u6790(\u4f7f\u75281000\u4e2a\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u5b57\u7b26)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u6ce8\uff1aPC\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u5f62\u72b6\u5b58\u81ea\u56fe8\uff0c\u4f46\u6b64\u5904\u5c0f\u8bf4\u6df7\u5165\u5386\u53f2\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0d\u90a3\u4e48\u660e\u663e\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u4e0d\u610f\u5916\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u867d\u7136\u6709\u4e9b\u5185\u90e8\u7247\u6bb5\u5e26\u6709\u7279\u522b\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u5904\u5728\u8003\u5bdf\u5168\u6587\u65f6\u5c31\u6a21\u7cca\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2aPC\u4e5f\u4e0d\u518d\u88ab\u6570\u5b57\u5360\u636e\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u6b63\u5411\u53d7\u5230\u5177\u6709\u5b98\u65b9\u542b\u4e49\u7684\u8bcd\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u8d1f\u5411\u4e0e\u4eba\u53ca\u611f\u60c5\u6a21\u7cca\u76f8\u5173\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u56fe6\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2aPC\u6bd4\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u66f4\u6709\u8da3\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f88\u6709\u610f\u601d\u7684\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u4ece\u8d1f\u8f7d\u8377\u7684\u5185\u5728\u6027(\u77e5to know\uff0c\u5fc3heart\uff0c\u89c1tosee)\u5230\u6b63\u8f7d\u8377\u7684\u67d0\u79cd\u5386\u53f2\u6027(\u519barmy\uff0c\u7687\u5e1demperor\uff0c\u738bking\uff0c\u5ddeprovince)\u3002\u5145\u6ee1\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u7f16\u5e74\u53f2\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u5219\u51cf\u5c11\u5f88\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5206\u6790\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u672c\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u7406\u89e3\u5176\u98ce\u683c\u5b66\uff0c\u5c31\u6709\u7406\u7531\u52a0\u5165\u6f14\u4e49\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7eaf\u865a\u6784\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e0e\u5386\u53f2\u4e4b\u95f4\u98ce\u683c\u5b66\u548c\u5185\u5bb9\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u6709\u8da3\u59a5\u534f\u3002\u6f14\u4e49\u662f\u5bf9\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u865a\u6784\u91cd\u8ff0(fictional retelling)\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0a\u4e0e\u5386\u53f2\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u5728\u4fee\u8f9e\u4e0a\u4e0e\u865a\u6784\u4f5c\u54c1\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8bb8\u591a\u6f14\u4e49\u4ee5\u6d45\u8fd1\u7684\u6587\u8a00\u5f62\u5f0f(simplified classical form)\u5199\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd8\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u5219\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u767d\u8bdd\u3002\u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u533a\u5206\u5c0f\u8bf4\u548c\u6f14\u4e49\u6709\u70b9\u53cd\u5e38\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u591a\u6570\u76ee\u5f55\u5b66\u5bb6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6f14\u4e49\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5c0f\u8bf4\u3002\u201c\u6587\u732e\u201d\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u6a21\u5f0f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5bb9\u6613\u4e0a\u624b\u7684\u533a\u5206\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u672c\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u56fe7\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u5c0f\u8bf4\u3001\u6f14\u4e49\u548c\u6b63\u53f2\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u5f62\u72b6\u548c\u56fe5a\u7684\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u6f14\u4e49\u975e\u5e38\u9f50\u6574\u5730\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5c0f\u8bf4(fiction)\u548c\u6b63\u53f2\u95f4\u7684\u8fb9\u7f18\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u5e7f\u6cdb\u6e17\u5165\u5c0f\u8bf4\u91cc\uff0c\u5c11\u91cf\u6e17\u5165\u6b63\u53f2\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u672c\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u6cbf\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u672c\u4e3b\u6210\u5206\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u663e\u73b0\u7684\u591a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u98ce\u683c\u68af\u5ea6\u843d\u4e0b\uff0c\u5404\u6781\u5206\u522b\u662f\u767d\u8bdd\u3001\u6587\u8a00\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u865a\u6784\u8bed\u8a00\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u56fe10.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2393\" width=\"544\" height=\"686\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u56fe10.png 749w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u56fe10-238x300.png 238w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 544px) 100vw, 544px\" \/><figcaption>\u56fe7&nbsp; \u6b63\u53f2\u3001\u5c0f\u8bf4\u548c\u6f14\u4e49\u7684\u4e00\u4e07\u4e2a\u4e00\u5143\u8bed\u6cd5\u7247\u6bb5\u7684\u4e3b\u6210\u5206\u5206\u6790<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u6ce8\uff1a\u6f14\u4e49\u8fdb\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u540e\uff0cPC\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u5f62\u72b6\u76f8\u540c\u4f46\u7ffb\u8fc7\u6765\u4e86\u3002\u6f14\u4e49\u6cbf\u7740\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5360\u636e\u7684\u76f8\u540c\u7a7a\u95f4\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u4f46\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7a81\u5165\u4e86\u5386\u53f2\u5360\u636e\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u865a\u6784\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e0e\u5386\u53f2\u4f5c\u54c1\u95f4\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7ebf\u72b6\u5288\u7406\u4f9d\u7136\u660e\u663e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u56fe8\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u672c\u7684\u4e3b\u6210\u5206\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u5728\u5317\u4eac\u7684\u6587\u96c6(the Beijing collection)\u91cc\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u91ce\u53f2\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u91ce\u53f2\u6587\u732e\u90fd\u843d\u5728\u7531\u6b63\u53f2\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u6a2a\u5411\u6cbf\u7740\u6b63\u53f2\u6587\u732e\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u7136\u800c\u6709\u8f83\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4f38\u5165\u6f14\u4e49\u5360\u636e\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e9b\u6df7\u6742\u5728\u7eaf\u5c0f\u8bf4\u91cc\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u5c0f\u8bf4\u6587\u4f53(novelistic genre)\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u4f53(historical genre)\u95f4\u4e00\u9053\u660e\u663e\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u843d\u5728\u56fe8\u4e2d\u95f4\u504f\u53f3\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7a7a\u95f4\u6700\u5bc6\u96c6\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u4e07\u5b57\u7247\u6bb5\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u91ce\u53f2\u7684\u590d\u6742\u672c\u8d28\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7247\u6bb5\u53d6\u81ea\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u672c:\u300a\u7559\u4e1c\u5916\u53f2\u300b\u548c\u300a\u7559\u4e1c\u5916\u53f2\u7eed\u96c6\u300b\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u6c11\u56fd\u65e9\u671f\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u88ab\u770b\u4f5c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5176\u5728\u201c\u6587\u732e\u201d\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e0a\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u5206\u7c7b\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5c31\u662f\u5c0f\u8bf4<sup>[46]<\/sup>\u3002\u56fe8\u5145\u5206\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u91ce\u53f2\u5728\u56fe\u4e0a\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u7b26\u5408\u5176\u590d\u6742\u7684\u98ce\u683c\u6027\u8d28\u3001\u76ee\u5f55\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\u548c\u6587\u5316\u672c\u8d28\u3002\u4e0e\u6f14\u4e49\u4e00\u8d77\u8003\u8651\u65f6\uff0c\u91ce\u53f2\u586b\u8865\u4e86\u7eaf\u5c0f\u8bf4\u548c\u7eaf\u5386\u53f2\u4e24\u8fb9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7a7a\u7f3a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u56fe11.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2392\" width=\"502\" height=\"508\"\/><figcaption>\u56fe8&nbsp; \u6b63\u53f2\u3001\u5c0f\u8bf4\u3001\u6f14\u4e49\u548c\u91ce\u53f2\u7684\u4e3b\u6210\u5206\u5206\u6790<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u6ce8\uff1a\u91ce\u53f2\u8fdb\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u540e\uff0c\u4e0e\u6b63\u53f2\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u76f8\u4f3c\u70b9\uff0c\u4e0e\u57fa\u672c\u7531\u6f14\u4e49\u5360\u636e\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u76f8\u91cd\u53e0\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u53f3\u4fa7\u5bc6\u96c6\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\u90a3\u4e24\u90e8\u91ce\u53f2\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u4f2a\u88c5\u6210\u91ce\u53f2\u7684\u6c11\u56fd\u65f6\u671f\u5c0f\u8bf4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7528\u5230\u7684\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4e5f\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u51e0\u5904\u5c40\u9650\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u6587\u672c\u843d\u5728\u6240\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u660e\u6e05\u65f6\u4ee3\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6ca1\u6709\u592a\u591a\u91ce\u53f2\u3002\u53e6\u6709\u4e2a\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee3\u8868\u91ce\u53f2\u3002\u6587\u732e\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e0a\u5386\u53f2\u90e8\u5206\u6709\u4e00\u7c7b\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u53eb\u4f5c\u300a\u5fd7\u5b58\u8bb0\u5f55\u300b\uff0c\u6536\u5f55\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u975e\u5b98\u65b9\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u51e0\u79cd\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u672c\u7c7b\u578b<sup>[47]<\/sup>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u9650\u4e8e\u660e\u6e05\u65f6\u4ee3\u5199\u4f5c\u7684\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u56fe9\u6709\u663e\u793a\u3002\u8fd9\u6279\u65b0\u6587\u672c\u4e0e\u6b63\u53f2\u548c\u6b63\u53f2\u7684\u6f14\u4e49\u5171\u4eab\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u4f38\u5165\u4e86\u767d\u8bdd\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002PC\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u5f62\u72b6\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u91ce\u53f2\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u672c\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u98ce\u683c\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u7684\u6865\u6881\u6548\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8f7d\u8377\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u672c\u95f4\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u6709\u6548\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4e5f\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u6d4b\u5b9a\u54ea\u4e9b\u5b57(characters)\u533a\u5206\u6587\u672c\u6700\u6709\u6548\u3002\u7528\u6765\u4ece\u56fe8\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u91cc\u9009\u53d6\u91cd\u8981\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u652f\u6301\u5411\u91cf\u673a(linear support vector machine)\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u67d0\u4e9b\u542f\u793a\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u4e9b\u6587\u672c\u4e00\u5143\u8bed\u6cd5\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u6709\u660e\u663e\u91cd\u53e0\u3002\u5b83\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u533a\u5206\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u672c\u768420\u4e2a\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7279\u5f81\u662f:\u4e00(one)\uff0c\u4e0d(no)\uff0c\u4e3a(to make\/to act as)\uff0c\u4e4b(\u6240\u6709\u683c)\uff0c\u4e86(\u52a8\u6001\u52a9\u8bcd)\uff0c\u4eba(person)\uff0c\u4ee5(to use)\uff0c\u4f60(you)\uff0c\u5175(troops)\uff0c\u519b(army)\uff0c\u5341(ten)\uff0c\u540e(after)\uff0c\u5dde(province)\uff0c\u5e74(year)\uff0c\u6211(me\/I)\uff0c\u6765(to come)\uff0c\u738b(king)\uff0c\u751f(to be born\/Mr.)\uff0c\u8bf4(to speak)\uff0c\u9053(road)\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u5f81\u4e0e\u4e4b\u524d\u770b\u5230\u5730\u7a7f\u8fc7\u524d\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e3b\u6210\u5206\u7684\u8f7d\u8377\u6781\u4e3a\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u5f3a\u5316\u4e86\u4e4b\u524d\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba:\u201c\u6b63\u5f0f\u6027\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5386\u53f2\u6027\u201d\u7684\u5149\u8c31\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u7ed3\u6784(structure of the differences)\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u672f\u8bed\u7684\u6587\u8a00\u53d8\u4f53\u548c\u767d\u8bdd\u53d8\u4f53\u5448\u8d1f\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u505a\u533a\u5206\u65f6\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u540c\u6e90\u8bcd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u56fe12.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2391\" width=\"526\" height=\"507\"\/><figcaption>\u56fe9&nbsp; \u6b63\u53f2\u3001\u5c0f\u8bf4\u3001\u6f14\u4e49\u548c\u91ce\u53f2(\u4e0d\u540c\u8bed\u6599\u5e93)\u7684\u4e3b\u6210\u5206\u5206\u6790(\u4ec5\u9650\u660e\u6e05)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u6ce8\uff1a\u6b63\u53f2\u3001\u5c0f\u8bf4\u3001\u6f14\u4e49\u548c\u9009\u81eawenxian.fanren8.com\u7f51\u7ad9\u300a\u5fd7\u5b58\u8bb0\u5f55\u300b\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6587\u672c(\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u9664\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u672c\u5916\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u5927\u91cf\u91ce\u53f2)\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u9650\u4e8e\u660e\u6e05\u4e24\u671d\u5199\u6210\u7684\u6587\u672c\u3002\u5305\u62ec10000\u4e2a\u4e00\u5143\u8bed\u6cd5\u7247\u6bb5\u30011000\u4e2a\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u5f62\u72b6\u4e0e\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u56fe\u5f62\u72b6\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u91ce\u53f2\u548c\u6b63\u53f2\u7684\u91cd\u53e0\u66f4\u4e3a\u660e\u786e\uff0c\u4e5f\u8f83\u591a\u7a81\u5165\u865a\u6784\u4f5c\u54c1\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u7ed3\u8bba<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7b49\u7ea7\u805a\u7c7b\u5206\u6790\u548c\u4e3b\u6210\u5206\u5206\u6790\u90fd\u4e3a\u7406\u89e3\u660e\u6e05\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u865a\u6784\u53d9\u8ff0\u4e0e\u5386\u53f2\u53d9\u8ff0\u95f4\u7684\u98ce\u683c\u5173\u7cfb\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u65b0\u89c1\u89e3\u3002\u7b49\u7ea7\u805a\u7c7b\u5206\u6790\u8868\u660e\u4e86\u4e2d\u6587\u6587\u4f53\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5982\u4f55\u81ea\u5982\u5730\u7fa4\u96c6\uff0c\u6697\u793a\u4e86\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u3001\u7531\u6587\u8a00\u548c\u767d\u8bdd\u8bed\u57df\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u5bf9\u7acb\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4e5f\u662f\u6240\u9009\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u9020\u6210\u7684\u4eba\u4e3a\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u5305\u62ec\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u8bd7\u6b4c\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e8c\u5206\u6cd5\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u89c2\u5bdf\u66f4\u5bbd\u6cdb\u7684\u865a\u6784\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u6563\u6587\u65f6\u5b83\u786e\u5b9e\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e3b\u6210\u5206\u5206\u6790\u6253\u7834\u4e86\u5728HCA\u91cc\u770b\u5230\u7684\u5bf9\u7acb\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u5728\u591a\u79cd\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u7684\u524d\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e3b\u6210\u5206\u4e2d\u90fd\u5f88\u660e\u663e\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u591a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u98ce\u683c\u68af\u5ea6\u3002\u6b63\u53f2\u901a\u8fc7\u4e2d\u95f4\u7684\u91ce\u53f2\u548c\u6f14\u4e49\u4e0e\u5c0f\u8bf4\u8054\u7ed3<sup>[48]<\/sup>\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u89e3\u91ca:\u91ce\u53f2\u548c\u6b63\u53f2\u4e00\u822c\u91c7\u7528\u6587\u8a00\uff0c\u800c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u5bbd\u6cdb\u7684\u8bed\u57df\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u8f83\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7531\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u767d\u8bdd\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u5199\u5c31\u3002\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u4f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u53e6\u6709\u4e00\u7247\u5dee\u5f02\u533a\u95f4(range of differentiation)\u6cbf\u7740\u5386\u53f2\u7684\/\u5185\u5728\u6027\u68af\u5ea6\u4f38\u5c55\u3002\u6b63\u53f2\u5145\u6ee1\u4e86\u5177\u6709\u5f3a\u70c8\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u5730\u7406\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u8bcd\uff0c\u800c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5219\u88ab\u67d0\u4e9b\u5185\u5411\u7684\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd\u3001\u4eba\u7269\u548c\u9650\u5b9a\u8bcd(limited words)\u8f7b\u5fae\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6709\u4e9b\u7ed3\u8bba\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5916\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u65e9\u5c31\u77e5\u9053\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u767d\u8bdd\u548c\u6587\u8a00\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u8fde\u7eed\u4f53(linguistic continuum)\u4e0a\uff0c\u6b63\u53f2\u4ee5\u975e\u5e38\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u5199\u4f5c\uff0c\u91ce\u53f2\u662f\u9887\u4e3a\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u6587\u672c\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u80fd\u505a\u7684\u662f\u5c06\u5177\u4f53\u6587\u672c\u7f6e\u4e8e\u6b64\u8fde\u7eed\u4f53\u4e2d\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5b9a\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u8f7b\u6613\u786e\u8ba4\u5e76\u8ffd\u8e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u5b66\u7684\u4f8b\u5916\uff0c\u6311\u51fa\u6765\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5ba1\u67e5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u786e\u8ba4\uff0c\u91ce\u53f2\u662f\u534a\u53d8\u52a8\u7684(semi-variable)\u6587\u4f53\uff0c\u98ce\u683c\u4e0a\u4e0e\u5b98\u65b9\u4f5c\u54c1\u6df7\u5408\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f38\u5c55\u5230\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e3b\u5bb0\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u9886\u57df<sup>[49]<\/sup>\u3002\u8fd9\u76f4\u63a5\u6307\u5411\u660e\u6e05\u53ca\u73b0\u4ee3\u56f4\u7ed5\u91ce\u53f2\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b98\u65b9\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e2d\u8fb9\u7f18\u5316\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4f53\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u91ce\u53f2\u4e0e\u6b63\u53f2\u8457\u4f5c\u7684\u540c\u6e90\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5076\u5c14\u4f38\u5165\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u8fd9\u90fd\u662f\u6e05\u6670\u6613\u89c1\u7684\uff0c\u5f3a\u5316\u4e86\u5b83\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u91ce\u53f2\u4e0d\u504f\u4e0d\u501a\u843d\u5165\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u4e0e\u91ce\u53f2\u6784\u6210\u6210\u5206\u6709\u5173\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u91ce\u53f2\u8fd9\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed\u516c\u8ba4\u662f\u4e2a\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u6982\u5ff5(construct)\uff0c\u5bb9\u6613\u6210\u4e3a\u9519\u8bef\u5f52\u7c7b\u6216\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4f5c\u8005\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u7eb3\u5165\u66f4\u5e7f\u7684\u5386\u53f2\/\u865a\u6784\u8bdd\u8bed\u6846\u67b6\u5185\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u66f4\u5173\u952e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5b9a\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u63ed\u793a\u51fa\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u5185\u5bb9\u53ea\u7565\u5fae\u5730\u3001\u800c\u975e\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u5730\u9884\u793a\u98ce\u683c\u3002\u56de\u60f3\u56fe3\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u51e0\u4e4e\u76f8\u540c\u5386\u53f2\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u6709\u5173\u9b4f\u5fe0\u8d24\u7684\u6587\u672c\u6839\u636e\u6587\u4f53\u7fa4\u96c6\u5728\u56fe\u7247\u4e0d\u540c\u4fa7\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u5927\u578b\u6587\u672c\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\uff0c\u91ce\u53f2\u548c\u767d\u8bdd\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u660e\u663e\u4e8c\u5206\u6cd5\u5c31\u6253\u7834\u4e86\u3002\u5728\u5177\u4f53\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\u4f3c\u4e4e\u663e\u800c\u6613\u89c1\u7684\u4e8b\u5e76\u975e\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c42\u9762\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u7cbe\u786e\u63cf\u7ed8\u3002\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u5e26\u6709\u5f3a\u70c8\u5386\u53f2\u8bed\u4e49\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47\u5f88\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u98ce\u683c\u5f71\u54cd\u4f9d\u7136\u6709\u6548<sup>[50]<\/sup>\u3002PCA\u8f7d\u8377\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u8bed\u4e49\u4e0a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u672f\u8bed\u5728\u533a\u5206\u6587\u672c\u4e0a\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4ed6\u66f4\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u8bcd\u540c\u6837\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5386\u53f2\u8bdd\u8bed\u5728\u975e\u5e38\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u5bf9\u6587\u672c\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u65bd\u52a0\u4e86\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u9644\u5f55I\uff1a\u6c49\u8bed\u8bcd\u8bed\u5207\u5206(Word Segmentation in Chinese)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7528\u7b97\u6cd5\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u6587\u6587\u672c\u7684\u8bcd\u754c(word boundary)\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u5bb6\u79ef\u6781\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u9886\u57df\u3002\u867d\u7136\u7814\u7a76\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u591a\u6570\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u6807\u96c6\u4e2d\u4e8e\u673a\u5668\u7ffb\u8bd1\u548c\u6587\u672c\u8bed\u97f3\u8f6c\u6362\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u6587\u5b66\u5b66\u8005\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u4e5f\u662f\u91cd\u5927\u7684<sup>[51]<\/sup>\u3002\u4f46\u7cfb\u7edf\u867d\u7136\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u5374\u5f88\u5c11\u6709\u7b97\u6cd5\u80fd\u591f\u8d85\u8fc795%\u7cbe\u786e\u5ea6<sup>[52]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u65e9\u57281990\u5e74\uff0c\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u5bb6\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u57fa\u4e8e\u6982\u7387\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5212\u5206\u4e2d\u6587\u8bcd\u30021990\u5e74\uff0c\u7406\u67e5\u5fb7\u00b7\u65af\u666e\u7f57\u7279(Richard Sproat)\u548c\u77f3\u57fa\u7433(Chilin Shi)\u901a\u8fc7\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u6587\u62a5\u7eb8\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u7684\u5173\u8054\u9891\u7387(frequency of&nbsp;<em>zi&nbsp;<\/em>association)\uff0c\u8fbe\u6210\u4e86\u76f8\u5f53\u4e0d\u9519\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u8bc6\u522b\u7387<sup>[53]<\/sup>\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u53c8\u6839\u636e\u6700\u5f3a\u6b63\u76f8\u5173\u628a\u201c\u5b57\u201d\u7ec4\u6210\u201c\u8bcd\u201d\u3002\u5728\u65af\u666e\u7f57\u7279\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u80fd\u5c06\u7ea690%\u7684\u5b57\u6b63\u786e\u5206\u7ec4<sup>[54]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u65af\u666e\u7f57\u7279\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u51fa\u7248\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5728\u8bcd\u8bed\u5207\u5206\u4e0a\u5df2\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5229\u7528\u76d1\u7763\u5f0f\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u4ece\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0a\u751f\u6210\u89c4\u5219\u4ee5\u66f4\u7cbe\u786e\u5730\u627e\u5230\u8bcd\u754c<sup>[55]<\/sup>\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u5927\u5339\u914d(maximum matching)\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u9760\u7684\u662f\u5c06\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u8bcd\u201d\u4e0e\u624b\u5199\u89c4\u5219(hand written rules)\u6307\u793a\u7684\u73b0\u6709\u8bcd\u6c47\u8868\u76f8\u5339\u914d<sup>[56]<\/sup>\u3002\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u8fd9\u4e9b\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u6700\u5927\u7684\u6f5c\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u7ecf\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u7528\u9884\u5148\u505a\u8fc7\u8bed\u6cd5\u5206\u6790\u7684\u6587\u672c\u6765\u505a\u5e7f\u6cdb\u8bad\u7ec3\u96c6(training sets)\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u65e0\u987b\u8bad\u7ec3\u96c6\u7684\u8bcd\u8bed\u5207\u5206\u6280\u672f\u65b9\u9762\u6709\u4e9b\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002\u5bf9\u90a3\u4e9b\u8f83\u51b7\u95e8\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65e0\u4eba\u76d1\u7763\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u5f88\u6709\u5e0c\u671b<sup>[57]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u73b0\u5728\u666e\u901a\u5b66\u8005\u4e5f\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u3002\u65af\u5766\u798f\u5927\u5b66\u5206\u8bcd\u7cfb\u7edf(Stanford Word Segment)\u662f\u516c\u4f17\u53ef\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u5206\u8bcd\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u65e2\u8003\u8651\u4e86\u8bcd\u6c47\u7279\u5f81\u4e5f\u8003\u8651\u4e86\u8bcd\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u8bed\u5883<sup>[58]<\/sup>\u3002\u5b83\u80fd\u5229\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u4e2a\u8bad\u7ec3\u96c6\u4e2d\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a:\u5bbe\u5915\u6cd5\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u6811\u5e93(Penn Chinese Treebank, CTB)\u548c\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u5206\u8bcd\u6807\u51c6(Peking University Standard, PKU)\u3002\u524d\u8005\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u5207\u5206(manually segmented)\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u8bcd\u6027\u6807\u5fd7<sup>[59]<\/sup>\u3002\u65af\u5766\u798f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u73b0\u4ee3\u6c49\u8bed\u6709\u6548<sup>[60]<\/sup>\uff0c\u4f46\u5206\u6790\u6587\u8a00\u6587\u53ea\u6709\u5c11\u6570\u65f6\u5019\u7cbe\u786e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"709\" height=\"762\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u56fe13.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2388\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u56fe13.jpg 709w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u56fe13-279x300.jpg 279w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 709px) 100vw, 709px\" \/><figcaption>\u56fe5a\/b&nbsp; \u9661\u5761\u56fe<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u6ce8\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fe\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u56fe5a\u548c5b\u6240\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u91cc\u524d\u5341\u4e2a\u6210\u5206\u4e2d\u7684\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u53d8\u91cf(explained variance)\u3002\u5de6\u4e0b\u9644\u56fePC1\u548cPC3:PC3\u53ea\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u5185\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u7ea6\u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u4e09\uff0c\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5f88\u5c11\u3002\u53f3\u4e0b\u9644\u56fePC2\u548cPC3:PC2\u548cPC3\u4e00\u8d77\u4e5f\u672a\u80fd\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u89e3\u91ca\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u672c\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7528\u6c49\u5b57N\u5143\u8bed\u6cd5\u505a\u6c49\u5b57\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u5207\u5206\u6709\u5229\u6709\u5f0a\uff0c\u4e0e\u8bcd\u201cwords\u201d\u6216\u5355\u8bcd\u7684N\u5143\u8bed\u6cd5\u76f8\u53cd\u3002\u7528N\u5143\u8bed\u6cd5\u505a\u5b57\u7b26\u5316\u5206\u8bcd\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u597d\u5904\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u8fd8\u4e0d\u80fd\u7acb\u523b\u770b\u51fa\u6765\u7528\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7b97\u6cd5\u6765\u5206\u6790\u53e4\u4ee3\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u80fd\u6709\u591a\u7cbe\u786e\u3002\u53e4\u6c49\u8bed\u7684\u201c\u5b57\u201d\u548c\u201c\u8bcd\u201d\u7f3a\u4e4f\u660e\u786e\u533a\u5206<sup>[61]<\/sup>\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740N\u5143\u8bed\u6cd5\u5206\u6790\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6d88\u9664\u4e86\u7531\u4e8e\u7f3a\u4e4f\u826f\u597d\u7684\u53e4\u6c49\u8bed\u8bed\u6cd5\u5206\u6790\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u4e00\u5143\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u5206\u6790\u5e38\u5e38\u5c06\u8bed\u8a00\u5206\u89e3\u5f97\u592a\u8fc7\u3002\u53e4\u6c49\u8bed\u91cc\u5927\u591a\u6570\u8bcd\u90fd\u662f\u5355\u5b57\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u6709\u590d\u5408\u5b57\u5b58\u5728<sup>[62]<\/sup>\u3002\u4e8c\u5143\u548c\u4e09\u5143\u8bed\u6cd5\u5206\u6790\u4e3a\u8bed\u5883\u589e\u6dfb\u4e86\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4f46\u968f\u7740N\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u505a\u8bed\u6cd5\u5206\u6790\u5f88\u5feb\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898<sup>[63]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong><span style=\"color:#003abc\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Fiction and History: Polarity and Stylistic Gradience in Late Imperial Chinese Literature<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Paul Vierthaler<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong>: Yeshi and other quasi-historical texts, in spite of their late Imperial popularity, remain poorly understood as a result of a lack of attention from literary scholars. While close analysis seems to stylistically align yeshi with official historical writings, it is sometimes difficult to evaluate their relationship with xiaoshuo. Investigation into this relationship is further hampered by the number of yeshi published at the time, as well as the large number of novels. This article uses statistical and linear algebraic analysis of term frequency lists calculated from digitized transcripts of quasi-historical texts to situate texts of various genres in relation with one another, and uses stylometric analysis to visualize the relationships between documents in a manner that highlights the similarities and differences between fictional and historical texts. By quantitatively analyzing digitized texts, we can judge whether internal textual evidence suggests if yeshi themselves form a cohesive category, and visualize their relationship with other historical and semi-fictional narratives. It also offers insight into the extent to which historical content is predictive of style. The first portion of this paper shows that quantitative cluster analysis can clearly distinguish yeshi, novels, and dramas, the analysis of which is extended in the second half of this paper to explore how lexical features contribute to these stylistic relationships. This analysis shows that official histories, yeshi, and novels fall along a continuous gradient that is defined along several dimensions by the variable use of certain key terms that are strongly correlated with classical versus vernacular uses of late Imperial Chinese.<strong>Keywords<\/strong>: Yeshi; Quasi-historical Texts; Fiction; Stylometry; Quantitative Cluster Analysis<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\">\u7f16 \u8f91&nbsp; |&nbsp;\u59dc\u6587\u6d9b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u6ce8\u91ca\uff1a<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">*\u672c\u6587\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u5206\u6790\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u811a\u672c\u662f\u6211\u7528Anaconda distribution forPython 3\u5199\u7684\uff0c\u7528\u5230NumPy, Scikit-Learn, SciPy,Pandas\u548cMatplotlib,&nbsp;\u6709\u4e9b\u5206\u6790\u6700\u521d\u662f\u7528Stylo R Package; Matplotlib:J. D. Hunter,\u201cMatplotlib: A 2D Graphics Environment,\u201d<em>Computing in Science&amp; Engineering<\/em>, vol. 9, no. 3, 2007, pp. 90-95; Numpy: St\u00e9fan van derWalt, S. Chris Colbert and Gael Varoquaux,\u201cThe NumPy Array: A Structure for Efficient NumericalComputation,\u201d<em>Computing in Science &amp; Engineering,&nbsp;<\/em>vol. 13, no. 2,2011, pp. 22-30; Pandas: Wes McKinney,\u201cData Structures for StatisticalComputing in Python,\u201d<em>Proceedings of the 9th&nbsp;Python in Science Conference<\/em>,2010, pp. 51-56; Scikit-Learn: Fabian Pedregosa, Gael Varoquaux, Alexandre Gramfort, Vincent Michel, BertrandThirion, Olivier Grisel, Mathieu Blondel, Peter Prettenhofer, Ron Weiss,Vincent Dubourg, Jake Vanderplas, Alexandre Passos, David Cournapeau, MatthieuBrucher, Matthieu Perrot, \u00c9douard Duchesnay,\u201cScikit-learn: Machine Learning inPython,\u201d<em>Journal of Machine Learning Research,&nbsp;<\/em>vol<em>.&nbsp;<\/em>12, 2011, pp.2825-2830; Scipy: E. Jones, E. Oliphant, P. peterson, et al.,&nbsp;<em>SciPy: OpenSource Scientific Tools for Python<\/em>, 2001, http:\/\/www.scipy.org\/; R: R CoreTeam (2013)\u201c. R: A Language and environment for statistical computing,\u201d<em>R Foundationfor Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria<\/em>, http:\/\/www.R-project.org\/;Stylo: Eder, Maciej, Jan Rybicki and Mike Kestemont,\u201cStylometry with R: A Packagefor Computaitonal Text Analysis,\u201d<em>R Journal&nbsp;<\/em>, vol. 8, no. 1, 2016, pp.107-121\u3002&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[1]\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e3b\u8981\u4e0e\u7ecf\u671d\u5ef7\u5ba1\u67e5\u8fc7\u7684\u201c\u6b63\u53f2\u201d\u76f8\u5bf9\uff0c\u671d\u5ef7\u5bf9\u5386\u53f2\u5199\u4f5c\u4e25\u52a0\u7ba1\u63a7\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u5f80\u5f80\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u91cd\u8981\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u201c\u4e3a\u5b98\u5458\u800c\u5199\uff0c\u7531\u5b98\u5458\u6765\u5199\u201d\u3002EndymionWilkinson,&nbsp;<em>Chinese History: A Manual&nbsp;<\/em>, Cambridge: Harvard UniversityPress, 2000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[2]\u738b\u5fb7\u5a01\u66fe\u7ecf\u7814\u7a76\u8fc7\uff0c\u665a\u660e\u6709\u5173\u8fd1\u671f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5982\u4f55\u6784\u6210\u201c\u5173\u4e8e\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8bb0\u5f55\u5386\u53f2\u6e05\u6670\u5ea6\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u590d\u5174\u6982\u5ff5\u201d\u3002David Der-Wei Wang,&nbsp;<em>The Monster that is History:History, Violence, and Fictional Writing in Twentieth- century China,&nbsp;<\/em>Berkeley:University of California Press, 2004, pp. 201. Han Li&nbsp;\u4e5f\u5728\u5979\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5e7f\u6cdb\u63a2\u8ba8\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u3002\u53c2\u89c1Han Li\u201c, News, History, and\u2018Fictionon Current Events\u2019: Novels on Suppressing the Chuang Rebellion,\u201d<em>Ming Studies<\/em>,2012, pp. 56-75\u3002\u6b64\u79cd\u5bf9\u5386\u53f2\u6027\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u662f\u6211\u535a\u58eb\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u7126\u70b9\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5ba6\u5b98\u9b4f\u5fe0\u8d24(1568-1627)\u6b7b\u540e\uff0c\u5176\u5f62\u8c61\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4f53\u4e2d\u5b17\u53d8\u3002Paul Vierthaler,&nbsp;<em>Quasi-historiesand Public Knowledge: A Social History of Late Ming and Early Qing UnofficialHistorical Narratives<\/em>, PhD dissertation, Yale University, 2014, chapter 1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[3]Fredric Jameson,&nbsp;<em>ThePolitical Unconscious: Narrative as a Socially Symbolic Act<\/em>, London:Routledge, 2002, p. 106.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[4]\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0e\u6587\u4f53\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u5728\u6b21\u8981\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u3002\u5176\u5f71\u54cd\u6563\u5e03\u4e8e\u98ce\u683c\u548c\u8a79\u660e\u4fe1\u63a2\u8ba8\u7684\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u5951\u7ea6\u201d\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[5]\u8f66\u5409\u5fc3\u3001\u738b\u80b2\u6d4e:\u300a\u4e2d\u534e\u91ce\u53f2\u300b\uff0c\u6d4e\u5357:\u6cf0\u5c71\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2000\u5e74\uff0c\u201c\u5e8f\u8a00\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[6]\u738b\u4e16\u8d1e\u5728\u300a\u53f2\u4e58\u8003\u8bef\u300b\u524d\u8a00\u5199\u9053\uff0c\u201c\u91ce\u53f2\u4eba\u81c6\u800c\u5584\u5931\u771f\uff0c\u5176\u5f81\u662f\u975e\u3001\u524a\u8bb3\u5fcc\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u5e9f\u4e5f\uff0c\u201d\u7406\u89e3\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u4ef6\u65f6\u5fc5\u987b\u6743\u8861\u4f9d\u9760\u91ce\u53f2\u7684\u76ca\u5904\u4e0e\u5371\u9669\u3002\u738b\u4e16\u8d1e:\u300a\u5f07\u5c71\u5802\u522b\u96c6\u300b\u537720\uff0c\u5317\u4eac:\u4e2d\u534e\u4e66\u5c40\uff0c1985\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c361\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[7]\u8c22\u56fd\u6862:\u300a\u660e\u672b\u6e05\u521d\u7684\u5b66\u98ce\u300b\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77:\u4e0a\u6d77\u4e66\u5e97\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2004\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c82\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[8]\u90b5\u6bc5\u5e73\u8bc4\u8bba\u8fc7\u201c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8303\u7574\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u5c31\u50cf\u4e2a\u201c\u5783\u573e\u6876\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u96be\u4ee5\u5c06\u91ce\u53f2\u8fd9\u79cd\u6587\u672c\u5206\u7c7b\u3002\u90b5\u6bc5\u5e73\u3001\u5468\u5ce8:\u300a\u8bba\u53e4\u5178\u76ee\u5f55\u5b66\u7684\u201c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u975e\u6587\u4f53\u6027\u8d28\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u590d\u65e6\u5b66\u62a5\u300b(\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7248)2008\u5e74\u7b2c3\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[9]\u6b63\u53f2\u662f\u5b98\u65b9\u65ad\u4ee3\u53f2\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u5b98\u65b9\u5386\u53f2\u5199\u4f5c\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u4f46\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u6837\u800c\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u53ef\u4f9b\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[10]Sheldon Lu,&nbsp;<em>From Historicity to Fictionality: The Chinese Poeticsof Narrative<\/em>, Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1994, p. 7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[11]\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u6587\u672c\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u63a8\u65ad\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u83b7\u53d6\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[12]\u672c\u6587\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u90fd\u80fd\u5728\u6b64\u627e\u5230:DataVerse: Paul Vierthaler,\u201cLateImperial Chinese Texts: The Corpus for Fiction and History: Polarity andStylistic Gradience in Late Imperial Chinese Literature,\u201d2016,http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.7910\/DVN\/GDYFAG, Harvard Dataverse, V1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[13]\u201cFree e-books \u2013 ProjectGutenberg,\u201dhttp:\/\/www.gutenberg.org. 2014\u5e743\u670810\u65e5\u3002\u672c\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u91ce\u53f2\u6765\u81ea&nbsp;wenxian.fanren8.com\uff0c\u8be5\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u91ce\u53f2\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4f53\u6807\u7b7e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u7528\u4e86\u7535\u5b50\u4e66\u300a\u4e2d\u534e\u5386\u53f2\u5168\u96c6:\u4e2d\u534e\u91ce\u53f2\u300b\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6307\u5f15\u3002\u6211\u8fd8\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u6807\u9898\u4e2d\u542b\u6709\u91ce\u53f2\u548c\u76f8\u5173\u672f\u8bed\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8457\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[14]\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u8fd8\u53d6\u81ea&nbsp;wenxian.fanren8.com\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e2a\u5728\u7ebf\u7684\u53e4\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u96c6\u3002\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u53e6\u5916&nbsp;508&nbsp;\u4e2a\u53ef\u6682\u65f6\u770b\u4f5c\u91ce\u53f2\u7684\u6587\u672c(\u540e\u9762\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u76f8\u5173\u8bba\u8ff0)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[15]\u5e1d\u5236\u65f6\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6587\u672c\u5206\u6790\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u969c\u788d\u5728\u4e8e\u8981\u83b7\u5f97\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u3002\u7f51\u4e0a\u6709\u5404\u79cd\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u7684\u660e\u6e05\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u5f88\u96be\u767b\u4e0a\u53bb\uff0c\u8fd8\u7ecf\u5e38\u6709\u6392\u7248\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u5168\u6587\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8981\u4e48\u6ca1\u6709\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u660e\u6e05\u6587\u672c\u96c6\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u5927\u91cf\u4e0b\u8f7d\u6574\u90e8\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002\u8003\u8651\u5230\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f88\u96be\u786e\u8ba4\u6284\u672c\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u547d\u540d\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u6587\u6863:\u5728\u7f51\u4e0a\u5e7f\u6cdb\u6d41\u4f20\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u665a\u660e\u5267\u672c\u300a\u6843\u82b1\u6247\u300b\u7684\u7248\u672c\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u4e00\u90e8\u6e05\u4ee3\u5c0f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u5267\u672c\u6b63\u672c\u3002\u6211\u505a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5927\u81f4\u7684\u68c0\u67e5\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u6211\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u6587\u672c\u8db3\u591f\u7cbe\u786e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f00\u59cb\u5168\u6587\u5206\u6790\u3002\u5305\u62ec\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u67e5\u5728\u53f0\u5317\u201c\u4e2d\u7814\u9662\u201d\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u627e\u5230\u5370\u5237\u7248\u672c\u3002\u968f\u7740\u672c\u9886\u57df\u8f6c\u5411\u66f4\u4e3a\u5f00\u6e90\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u51c6\u786e\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u6587\u672c\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u51cf\u5c11\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u6709\u9879\u76ee\u6b63\u5728\u901a\u8fc7\u4f17\u5305\u5efa\u7acb\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u4e2d\u6587\u6587\u672c\u6284\u672c\u3002\u53c2\u89c1http:\/\/tenthousandrooms.yale.edu\/,2015&nbsp;\u5e7412\u670817\u65e5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[16]\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0a\u8bb2\uff0c\u5411\u91cf\u7a7a\u95f4\u6a21\u578b\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u7a7a\u95f4\u91cc\u7684\u70b9(\u6216\u5411\u91cf)\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u8f74\u7531\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u5305\u542b\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47\u786e\u5b9a\u3002\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bcd\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u9891\u7387\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7a7a\u95f4\u91cc\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u53c2\u89c1Peter Turney and PatrickPantel\u201c, From Frequency to Meaning: Vector Space Models of Semantics,\u201d<em>Journalof Artificial Intelligence Research<\/em>, vol. 37, 2010, pp. 141-188\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[17]FrederickMosteller and David Wallace,&nbsp;<em>Applied Bayesian and Classical Inference: TheCase of the Federalist Papers<\/em>, New York: Springer-Verlag, 1984; J. F.Burrows and D. H. Craig,\u201cLyrical Drama and the\u2018Turbid Mountebanks\u2019: Styles ofDialogue in Romantic and Renaissance Tragedy,\u201d<em>Computers and the Humanities,&nbsp;<\/em>vol.28 ,1994, pp. 63-86; JNG Binongo and MWA Smith,\u201cThe Application of PrincipalComponent Analysis to Stylometry,\u201d<em>Literary and Linguistic Computing,&nbsp;<\/em>vol<em>.<\/em>14, 1999, pp. 445-466.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[18]\u5728\u5411\u91cf\u5305\u542b&nbsp;1,000&nbsp;\u4e2a\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u4e00\u5143\u8bed\u6cd5\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u91cc\uff0c\u53ef\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u7684\u7ef4\u6570\u4ece&nbsp;1,000&nbsp;\u4e2a\u51cf\u5230&nbsp;2&nbsp;\u4e2a\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u80fd\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u89c6\u89c9\u5316\u3002\u5b83\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4f4d\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u8f74\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5f97\u5230\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u89c6\u56fe\u3002Binongo&nbsp;\u548c&nbsp;Smith&nbsp;\u8ba4\u4e3a&nbsp;PCA&nbsp;\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u201c\u5bf9\u539f\u59cb\u8f74\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u548c\u65cb\u8f6c\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u65b0\u7684\u5750\u6807\u7cfb\uff0c\u5176\u5750\u6807\u8f74\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u6700\u4f73\u62df\u5408\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u5782\u76f4\u7ebf\u201d\u3002Binongo, \u201cPrincipal Component Analysis,\u201dp. 459.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[19]Matthew Jockers\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u838e\u58eb\u6bd4\u4e9a\u6587\u4f53\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u768444\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e2d\u7528\u5230\u4e86\u6807\u70b9\u7b26\u53f7\u3002Sarah Allison et al., \u201cQuantitativeFormalism: An Experiment,\u201dhttp:\/\/litlab.stanford.edu\/Literary\/LabPamphlet1.pdf,accessed on March 24, 2014, 10.<br>[20]Ted Underwood,\u201cWordcounts are Amazing,\u201d<em>The Stone and the Shell<\/em>,February 20, 2013, http:\/\/ tedunderwood.com\/2013\/02\/20\/wordcounts-are-amazing\/,accessed on March 24, 2014.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[21]Stefan Gries,&nbsp;<em>QuantitativeCorpus Linguistics with R: A Practical Introduction<\/em>, New York, NY:Routledge, 2009, p. 12.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[22]\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u66f4\u591a\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u770b\u5206\u8bcd\u9644\u5f55\u201csegmentation appendix\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[23]Fuchun Peng, et al.,\u201cLanguageIndependent Authorship Attribution using Character Level Language Models,\u201dhttp:\/\/www.aclweb.org\/anthology\/E03-1053,accessed on December 11, 2015;&nbsp;\u5206\u6790\u4e4b\u524d\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u5927\u91cf\u6587\u672c\u5904\u7406\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u6211\u90fd\u629b\u5f03\u4e86\u6807\u70b9\u7b26\u53f7\u548c\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4eba\u4e3a\u75d5\u8ff9\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u6211\u5c06\u6bcf\u90e8\u4f5c\u54c1\u5206\u4e3a\u7b49\u957f\u7684&nbsp;N&nbsp;\u5143\u8bed\u6cd5\u7247\u6bb5\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7b49\u957f\u6587\u672c\u95f4\u90fd\u6709\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002\u6211\u8fd8\u629b\u5f03\u4e86\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u4e0d\u7b49\u957f\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u6211\u6700\u521d\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c06\u6587\u672c\u5206\u4e3a\u5747\u4e00\u7247\u6bb5\u7684\u6280\u5de7\u662f\u5728Binongo\u548cSmith\u7684\u201cPrincipal ComponentAnalysis\u201d\u91cc\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5267\u672c\u5206\u4e3a&nbsp;5, 000&nbsp;\u5b57\u7247\u6bb5(\u4e0d\u987e\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u5e55\u6216\u573a\u666f\u533a\u5206)&#8230;&#8230;\u201d\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u683c\u3002Burrows&nbsp;\u548c&nbsp;Craig&nbsp;\u4f7f\u7528\u7c7b\u4f3c\u65b9\u6cd5(p. 448)\uff0c\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u5267\u672c\u5206\u4e3a4, 000\u5b57\u7247\u6bb5\u3002\u5728\u8bd5\u56fe\u786e\u5b9a\u4e00\u90e8\u4f5c\u54c1\u53ef\u7591\u7247\u6bb5\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c24\u5176\u6709\u6548(p. 67)\u3002\u8fd9\u4e48\u505a\uff0c\u6211\u4e5f\u80fd\u5c06\u6587\u672c\u5185\u90e8\u7247\u6bb5\u5982\u4f55\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u4f5c\u54c1\u76f8\u5173\u8054\u89c6\u89c9\u5316\u3002\u7247\u6bb5\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u5f71\u54cd\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u6587\u672c\u7247\u6bb5\u8d8a\u77ed\uff0c\u8d8a\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u5c0f\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u5904\uff0c\u8fd9\u66f4\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5185\u5bb9\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u6587\u672c\u8d8a\u957f\uff0c\u6574\u4f53\u98ce\u683c\u8d8a\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u6587\u672c\u5185\u7684\u5c0f\u53d8\u5316\u4e5f\u88ab\u62b9\u5e73\u3002\u8f83\u957f\u7684\u7247\u6bb5\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u5df2\u77e5\u6807\u7b7e\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u805a\u7c7b\u3002\u9047\u5230\u7e41\u4f53\u5b57\u6587\u672c\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u5c06\u6587\u672c\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u7b80\u4f53\u5b57\u3002\u6211\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\u7247\u6bb5\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a&nbsp;N&nbsp;\u5143\u8bed\u6cd5\u9891\u7387\u8868\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u7528\u5411\u91cf\u518d\u73b0\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7247\u6bb5\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5411\u91cf\u5305\u62ec\u5168\u90e8&nbsp;14&nbsp;\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u5206\u503c\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5411\u91cf\u4ee3\u8868&nbsp;N&nbsp;\u7ef4\u7a7a\u95f4\u91cc\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9(\u6216\u4e00\u6761\u7ebf)\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d&nbsp;N&nbsp;\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u53d8\u91cf\u6570(number of unique variable)\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u6c83\u5fb7\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u7b49\u7ea7\u805a\u7c7b\u5206\u6790\u5728\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u5ea6\u91cf\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u7fa4\u96c6\u4e86\u6700\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5411\u91cf(\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u6c47\u805a\u4e86\u6587\u672c)\u3002\u6b64\u65b9\u6cd5\u805a\u7c7b\u5411\u91cf\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u51cf\u5c11\u7fa4\u96c6\u5185\u5dee\u5f02\u7684\u603b\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u6700\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u5411\u91cf\u5206\u7ec4\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002&nbsp;J. H. Ward,\u201cHierarchicalGrouping to Optimize an Objective Function,\u201d<em>Journalof the American Statistical Association,&nbsp;<\/em>vol. 58, no. 201, 1963, pp. 236-244.&nbsp;\u6700\u521d\u8bc4\u4f30\u65f6\u6211\u6d4b\u91cf\u4e86\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7247\u6bb5\u6587\u672c\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u5b57\u7b26\u5411\u91cf\u95f4\u7684\u6b27\u51e0\u91cc\u5f97\u8ddd\u79bb\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u5176\u6309\u7b49\u7ea7\u805a\u7c7b\u3002\u8003\u8651\u5230\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\u7b49\u957f\uff0c\u6211\u5728\u591a\u6570\u5206\u6790\u91cc\u7528\u4e86\u6b27\u6c0f\u8ddd\u79bb\u800c\u975e\u4f59\u5f26\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027(cosinesimilarity)\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u91cf\u5ea6\u3002\u5404\u79cd\u8ddd\u79bb\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u53c2\u89c1Christof Schoch,\u201cBeyond theBlack Box, or: Understanding the Difference Between Various StatisticalDistance Measures,\u201d<em>The Dragonfly\u2019s Gaze,&nbsp;<\/em>August 3, 2012, http:\/\/dragonfly.hypotheses.org\/101.Accessed on March 24, 2014\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[24]\u859b\u8d6b\u8003\u5bdf\u4e86\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u5355\u8bcd\u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\u5728\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4ea7\u751f\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4ed6\u53d1\u73b0\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u5217\u8868\u65f6\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u8eab\u4efd\u662f\u5bfc\u81f4\u805a\u7c7b\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u8d8a\u8fc7\u60ca\u4eba\u7684\u9ad8\u4e34\u754c\u503c\u540e\uff0c\u6587\u4f53\u5c31\u6210\u4e86\u805a\u7c7b\u7684\u4e00\u5927\u56e0\u7d20\u3002Schoch\u201c, Author orGenre?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[25]MatthewJockers\u53ea\u9700\u898144\u4e2a\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5927\u91cf\u82f1\u8bed\u5c0f\u8bf4\u6027\u4f5c\u54c1\u5206\u7c7b\u3002Allison\u201c,QuantitativeFormalism,\u201dp.6.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[26]Schoch\u201c, Author orGenre?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[27]\u867d\u7136\u300a\u4e09\u56fd\u6f14\u4e49\u300b\u5e38\u88ab\u5f52\u7c7b\u4e3a\u767d\u8bdd\u5c0f\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5305\u542b\u8bb8\u591a\u6587\u8a00\u6210\u5206\u3002\u5728\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u5c0f\u8bf4\u603b\u76ee\u63d0\u8981\u300b(\u5317\u4eac:\u4eba\u6c11\u6587\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2005\u5e74)\u7d22\u5f15\u91cc\u5217\u5728\u767d\u8bdd\u90e8\u5206\u3002Anne McLaren\u63d0\u5230\u5176\u8bed\u8a00\u65f6\u8bf4\u5b83\u662f\u201c\u6d45\u8fd1\u6587\u8a00\u201d (simplified classical)\u3002Anne McLaren\u201c, Constructing New Reading Publics inLate Ming China,\u201d<em>Printing and Book Culture,&nbsp;<\/em>ed. Cynthia Brokaw,Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005, p. 176.&nbsp;\u672c\u6587\u540e\u9762\u5c06\u8fd9\u90e8\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5206\u7c7b\u4e3a\u201c\u6f14\u4e49\u201d\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u5b9a\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[28]\u9664\u4e86\u4e0e\u300a\u91d1\u74f6\u6885\u300b\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u300a\u6c34\u6d52\u4f20\u300b\u8fd8\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u8da3\u4e8b\u3002\u5b83\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u843d\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5206\u5316\u4f53\u4e0a\u3002\u5305\u542b\u4e0e\u300a\u91d1\u74f6\u6885\u300b\u6709\u5173\u7684\u7247\u6bb5\u7684\u4e00\u4fa7\uff0c\u6700\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u672c\u4e66\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u8bb2\u8ff0\u6545\u4e8b\u91cc\u597d\u6c49\u4eec\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u4e0a\u6881\u5c71\u7684\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7247\u6bb5\u843d\u5728\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5206\u5316\u4f53\u4e0a\uff0c\u8bb2\u8ff0\u7684\u662f\u6210\u7fa4\u8349\u5bc7\u7684\u5192\u9669\u3002\u8fd9\u6709\u51e0\u79cd\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u66f4\u504f\u731c\u6d4b\u3002\u6700\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u662f\u53d9\u4e8b\u98ce\u683c\u7684\u7a81\u53d8\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2a\u4eba\u8f76\u4e8b\u53d8\u4e3a\u6218\u5f79\u98ce\u683c\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u6d4b\u4e24\u540d\u4e0d\u540c\u4f5c\u8005\u5199\u7684\u8fd9\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b8c\u5168\u6a21\u4eff\u539f\u6765\u7684\u98ce\u683c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0e\u8d28\u7591\u65bd\u8010\u5eb5\u4f5c\u8005\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u4e89\u8bae\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u65bd\u8010\u5eb5\u662f\u8c01\uff0c\u4f1a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5c31\u662f\u7f57\u8d2f\u4e2d\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u5426\u4ed6\u4fe9\u90fd\u53c2\u4e0e\u5199\u4f5c\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\u3002\u300a\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u7eb3\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u5178\u6587\u5b66\u624b\u518c\u300b\u7f16\u8f91\u58f0\u79f0\u201c\u8bc1\u636e\u6392\u9664\u4e86\u5355\u4e2a\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027&#8230;&#8230;\u201d\u5e76\u62d2\u7edd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u65bd\u8010\u5eb5\u548c\u7f57\u8d2f\u4e2d\u662f\u4f5c\u8005\u3002Jr. WilliamNienhauser, ed.,&nbsp;<em>The Indiana Companion to Traditional Chinese Literature<\/em>,Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1986, p. 712.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[29]\u6211\u5728\u6700\u521d\u7684\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u5305\u62ec\u300a\u660e\u53f2\u300b\uff0c\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u592a\u957f\u4e86;\u5206\u4e3a\u51e0\u4e2a\u7247\u6bb5\u540e\uff0c\u5b83\u5360\u636e\u4e86\u7fa4\u96c6\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u6a21\u7cca\u4e86\u91ce\u53f2\u7fa4\u96c6\u5f97\u6709\u591a\u8fd1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[30]\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6280\u672f\u662f\u6211\u4ece&nbsp;Burrows&nbsp;\u548c&nbsp;Craig&nbsp;\u5904\u501f\u7528\u7684(p. 67)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[31]Ted Underwood\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u6570\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6e90\u81ea\u5c3a\u3002\u4ed6\u4e3b\u5f20\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\u5728\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u5b9e\u9645\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6587\u672c\u4ee3\u8868\u6574\u4e2a\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u65f6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u9884\u671f\u6b21\u6570\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u3002\u201cTech Note\u201d,http:\/\/tedunderwood. com\/tech-notes\/, 2014&nbsp;\u5e74&nbsp;3&nbsp;\u6708&nbsp;25&nbsp;\u65e5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[32]\u6240\u6709\u6587\u672c\u957f\u4e8e&nbsp;1&nbsp;\u4e07\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u8f83\u77ed\u6587\u672c\u88ab\u629b\u5f03\u3002Eder&nbsp;\u63d0\u51fa\u968f\u673a\u6837\u672c\u5bf9\u8f83\u77ed\u6587\u672c\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u5f52\u5c5e\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u4f46\u6b64\u5904\u6211\u6392\u9664\u4e86\u8f83\u77ed\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002M. Eder\u201c, Doessize matter? Authorship attribution, short samples, big problem, \u201d<em>Literaryand Linguistic Computing<\/em>, 2014, p. 29.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[33]\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u672c\u5168\u90e8\u6765\u81ea&nbsp;wenxian.fanren8.com\uff0c\u8be5\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e0a\u53ef\u968f\u610f\u83b7\u53d6\u8bb8\u591a\u7535\u5b50\u7248\u4e2d\u6587\u6587\u672c\u3002\u8fd9\u6279\u6587\u96c6\u91cc\u7684&nbsp;\u201c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u201d\u5c31\u662f\u665a\u660e\u548c\u6e05\u671d\u98ce\u683c\u60ef\u4f8b\u6240\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u201c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u201d\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u65e9\u5f97\u591a\u7684\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u201cpetty talk\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[34]PaulVierthaler,\u201cAnalyzing Printing Trends in Late Imperial China Using LargeBibliometric Datasets,\u201d&nbsp;<em>Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies<\/em>, 2016, Figure6.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[35]\u91ce\u53f2\u548c\u6b63\u53f2\u91cc\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u5386\u6765\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u8fd9\u4e9b\uff0c\u6211\u540e\u6765\u5c06\u5206\u6790\u4ec5\u9650\u5b9a\u4e8e\u660e\u6e05\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[36]\u5c06\u5267\u672c\u52a0\u5165\u7b49\u7ea7\u805a\u7c7b\u5206\u6790\u663e\u793a\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0d\u51fa\u6240\u6599\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u7ecf\u5178\u4f8b\u5916\uff0c\u5267\u672c\u5168\u90fd\u7fa4\u96c6\u5728\u6811\u72b6\u56fe\u767d\u8bdd\u4fa7\u7684\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u5316\u4f53\u4e0a\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b8c\u6210\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u6211\u7528\u4e86Python Package Scikit-Learn\u6267\u884c\u8bcd\u6c47\u9891\u7387\u5411\u91cf\u5668\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u6c47\u9891\u7387\u5411\u91cf\u5668\u7528&nbsp;l2&nbsp;\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ee4\u7ed3\u679c\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[37]\u6211\u628a\u4e00\u79cd\u65e0\u5173\u6587\u4f53\u585e\u5165\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u672c\u5f80\u5f80\u81ea\u5df1\u805a\u7c7b\uff0c\u8fdc\u79bb\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u865a\u6784\u7c7b\u578b\u4f5c\u54c1(\u5c31\u7b97\u5b83\u4eec\u57fa\u672c\u662f\u6563\u6587\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8bd7\u6b4c\u8bc4\u8bba)\u3002\u8fd0\u884c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6d4b\u8bd5\u65f6\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u5e73\u8861\u8f93\u5165\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\uff0c\u8ba9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6587\u4f53\u622a\u53d6\u7684\u7247\u6bb5\u6570\u76ee\u7b49\u540c\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u8bc4\u4ef7\u6b64\u5904\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u6587\u4f53\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u6587\u4f53\u65f6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e3b\u6210\u5206\u7a7a\u95f4\u5f62\u72b6\u6709\u5f88\u5f3a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[38]\u8fd9\u4e9b\u672f\u8bed\u5305\u62ec\u5916\u53f2(outer history)\u3001\u9038\u53f2(hidden history)\u3001\u79d8\u53f2(secrete history)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[39]\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u8da3\u9014\u5f84\u662f\u5206\u6790\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u53ca\u5176\u5386\u53f2\u8bed\u5883\uff0c\u4ee5\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u5206\u6790\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f55\u4ee5\u505a\u6b64\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[40]\u9661\u5761\u56fe\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u4e3b\u6210\u5206\u9610\u91ca\u4ef7\u503c\u8fc5\u901f\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u524d\u4e09\u4e2a\u4e3b\u6210\u5206\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u5f88\u5927\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u504f\u5dee\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u8fc5\u901f\u9010\u6e10\u53d8\u5c0f\u81f3&nbsp;3%&nbsp;\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3002\u53c2\u89c1\u6b64\u9661\u5761\u56fe\u7684\u8865\u5145\u56fe\uff0c\u53ef\u89c1\u540c\u6837\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6cbf\u7740&nbsp;PC1\/PC3&nbsp;\u548c&nbsp;PC2\/PC3&nbsp;\u7ed8\u5236\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[41]\u201c\u4e4b\u201d\u5728\u52a9\u8bcd\u4e4b\u5916\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\u7528\u4f5c\u4ee3\u8bcd\u548c\u52a8\u8bcd(\u610f\u601d\u662f\u201c\u53bb\u201d)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[42]\u56fe\u8868\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u7247\u6bb5\u591a\u4ee5\u7f16\u5e74\u4f53\u5199\u6210\uff0c\u6709\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u65e5\u671f\uff0c\u8fd9\u70b9\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4e5f\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u660e\u663e\u7684\u533a\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[43]\u5e94\u5bbd\u677e\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u5728\u6587\u8a00\u6587\u91cc\uff0c\u6c49\u5b57(characters)\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u610f\u601d\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u8981\u8bb0\u4f4f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u662f\u4e00\u5143\u8bed\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u8bcd(words)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[44]\u6ce8\u610f\u6709\u51e0\u5904\u6c49\u5b57\u662f\u540c\u6e90\u7684\u4e14\u57fa\u672c\u610f\u4e49\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u5dee\u5f02\u5728\u4e8e\u5de6\u8fb9\u90a3\u4e9b\u5f80\u5f80\u51fa\u73b0\u4e8e\u4ee5\u6b63\u5f0f\u6c49\u8bed&nbsp;\/&nbsp;\u6587\u8a00\u5199\u5c31\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u53f3\u8fb9\u90a3\u4e9b\u5f80\u5f80\u66f4\u5e38\u89c1\u4e8e\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f&nbsp;\/&nbsp;\u767d\u8bdd\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[45]\u843d\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e3b\u6210\u5206\u9876\u7aef\u7684\u6587\u732e\u662f\u6b63\u53f2\u7684\u7f16\u5e74\u53f2\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u66f4\u504f\u6563\u6587\u7684\u7247\u6bb5\u5219\u843d\u5728\u66f4\u9760\u8fd1\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5904\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[46]\u8981\u60f3\u8d77\u91ce\u53f2\u6807\u7b7e\u662f\u4ece\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4e4b\u5916\u52a0\u4e0a\u53bb\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[47]\u521d\u6b65\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u8bb8\u591a\u4f5c\u54c1\u662f\u91ce\u53f2\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u662f\u91ce\u53f2\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u98ce\u683c\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002\u6211\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u7528\u5230\u8f83\u5c11\u91ce\u53f2\u7684\u521d\u6b65\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u53c8\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u589e\u52a0\u4e86&nbsp;508&nbsp;\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u5206\u4e3a&nbsp;1,620&nbsp;\u4e2a\u7247\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[48]\u6211\u4e5f\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e86\u4e0d\u6307\u671b\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u68af\u5ea6\u66f2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u770b\u5230\u7684\u6587\u4f53\u7684\u6587\u672c\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u5f80\u5f80\u6216\u8005\u843d\u5165\u68af\u5ea6\u53d8\u5316\u66f2\u7ebf\u4e00\u4fa7\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u843d\u5165\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e3b\u6210\u5206\u9760\u8fd1&nbsp;0&nbsp;\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4f4d\u4e8e\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e3b\u6210\u5206\u66f4\u6587\u8a00\u7684\u4e00\u4fa7\uff0c\u5904\u4e8e\u6587\u672c\u6df7\u5408\u6700\u5389\u5bb3\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u50cf\u6b63\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u6587\u672c\u90a3\u6837\u5927\u91cf\u6e17\u5165\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u4f53\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[49]\u548c\u591a\u6570\u6b64\u7c7b\u5206\u6790\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7ec6\u8282\u5143\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6269\u5145\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4f1a\u660e\u663e\u589e\u52a0\u7ed3\u8bba\u7684\u4e25\u8c28\u3002\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u9009\u53d6\u4e5f\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u5bf9\u5982\u4f55\u533a\u5206\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u865a\u6784\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[50]\u6709\u4e2a\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u9014\u5f84\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u505a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5373\u5b8c\u5168\u6392\u9664\u8fd9\u4e9b\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u518d\u770b\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u9884\u6d4b\u5386\u53f2\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[51]Richard Sproat andChilin Shih,\u201cA Statistical Method for Finding Word Boundaries in Chinese Text,\u201d<em>Computer Processing of Chinese &amp; Oriental Languages<\/em>, vol. 4, no. 4,1990, p. 337; Shoushan Li and Chu-Ren Huang\u201c, Word Boundary Decision with CRFfor Chinese Word Segmentation,\u201d<em>23rd&nbsp;PacificAsia Conference on Language, Information and Computation<\/em>, 2009, p. 726;Gaoqi Rao and Endong Xun,\u201cWord Boundary Informationand Chinese Word Segmentation,\u201d<em>International Journal on Asian LanguageProcessing<\/em>, vol. 22, no. 1, 2012, p. 16.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[52]\u8bb8\u591a\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4e0a\u9650\u9608\u503c\u5728\u5927\u7ea6&nbsp;90%&nbsp;\u5230&nbsp;95%\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982:Sproat\u201c, A Statistical Method,\u201dp. 345\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[53]Sproat\u201c, A StatisticalMethod,\u201dp. 339.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[54]Sproat\u201c, A StatisticalMethod,\u201dp. 343.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[55]\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u662f\u79cd\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u5df2\u77e5\u7279\u70b9\u7684\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u4e0a\u8bad\u7ec3\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4ece\u8bad\u7ec3\u96c6\u4e2d\u5f52\u7eb3\u89c4\u5f8b\u5e76\u4e3a\u8bad\u7ec3\u96c6\u5916\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5206\u7c7b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cKa Seng Leong et al.\u201c,Chinese Word Boundaries Detection Based on Maximum Entropy Model\u201d(\u8bba\u6587\u57282007\u5e7412\u67083\u52306\u65e5\u7684APCOM \u201907\u4e0a\u5ba3\u8bfb);Peng Fuchun, Fangfang Fengand Andrew McCallum,\u201cChinese Segmentation and new Word Detection usingConditional Random Fields,\u201d Proceedings of the 20th&nbsp;Annual International Conference onComputational Linguistics, 2004, article 562.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[56]Chih-Hao Tsai\u201c, MMSEG: Aword Identification System for Mandarin Chinese Text Based on Two Variants ofthe Maximum Matching Algorithm,\u201dhttp:\/\/technology.chtsai.org\/mmseg\/. Accessedon March 26, 2014.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[57]\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7814\u7a76\u5c1a\u672a\u53d1\u8868\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u6c49\u8bed\u8bcd\u8bed\u5207\u5206\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002Ke Deng, P. K.Bol Kate J. Li and Liu J. S. (2015+) On Unsupervised Chinese Text Mining.Invited Revision by PNAS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[58]\u5b83\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4e0b\u6587\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u968f\u673a\u57df(conditional random field)\uff0cHuihsin Tseng et al.\u201c, A Conditional Random FieldWord Segmenter,\u201d<em>Fourth SIGHAN Workshop onChinese Language<\/em>, 2005.&nbsp;\u4ed6\u4eec\u989d\u5916\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\u6cd5\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e0b\u8ff0\u8bf4\u660e\u76f8\u4f3c:Pi-ChuanChang,MichelGalleyandChrisManning\u201c,OptimizingChineseWordSegmentationfor Machine Translation Performance,\u201d<em>WMT,&nbsp;<\/em>2008.http:\/\/nlp.stanford.edu\/pubs\/acl-wmt08-cws. pdf, accessed on March 24, 2014.&nbsp;\u8f6f\u4ef6\u53ef\u89c1&nbsp;http:\/\/nlp.stanford.edu\/software\/segmenter. shtml\u3002\u6211\u5728\u6587\u672c\u5206\u4e3a\u8bcd\u65f6\u7528\u7684\u7248\u672c&nbsp;3.3.1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[59]NianwenXue, Fu-Dong Chiou and Martha Palmer,\u201cBuilding a Large Annotated ChineseCorpus,\u201d Proceedings of the 19th&nbsp;International Conference on ComputationalLinguistics, Taipei, Taiwan, 2002, http:\/\/ www.cis.upenn.edu\/~chinese\/coling02.ps, accessed on March 26, 2014.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[60]Tseng\u201c,A Conditional Random Field Word Segmenter,\u201dp. 3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[61]\u79c1\u4eba\u8c08\u8bdd\uff0c\u90ed\u82f1\u5fb7\uff0c2014&nbsp;\u5e74&nbsp;4&nbsp;\u6708\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[62]\u859b\u5ff5\u6587\u7528\u201c\u4ea7\u201d(toproduce)\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u4e3a\u4f8b\u8bf4\u660e\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u8bcd\u201d\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5730\u65b9\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u672c\u8eab\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\u3002Nianwen Xue\u201c,Chinese Word Segmentation as Character Tagging,\u201d<em>Computation Linguistics andChinese Language Processing,&nbsp;<\/em>vol<em>.&nbsp;<\/em>8, no. 1, 2003, p. 30.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[63]\u751a\u81f3\u56db\u5143\u6216\u4e94\u5143\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e5f\u80fd\u751f\u6210\u975e\u5e38\u7a00\u758f\u7684\u6587\u8a00\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u539f\u520a\u300a\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u300b2020\u7b2c2\u671f\uff0c\u8f6c\u8f7d\u8bf7\u8054\u7cfb\u6388\u6743\u3002<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u867d\u7136\u91ce\u53f2\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u51c6\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u672c\u5728\u660e\u6e05\u65f6\u671f\u5f88\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6587\u5b66\u5b66\u8005\u5173\u6ce8\u3002\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u6570\u91cf\u548c\u5f53\u65f6\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u91ce\u53f2\u2026\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2393,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[115],"tags":[351,870,872,52,347,871,869],"class_list":["post-2386","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-115","tag-351","tag-870","tag-872","tag-52","tag-347","tag-871","tag-869"],"blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":6}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2386","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2386"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2386\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2415,"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2386\/revisions\/2415"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2393"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2386"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2386"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2386"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}