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style=\"background-color:#6066af;color:#6066af\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u963b\u6b62\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\uff08humanities\uff09\u7684\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u91cd\u65b0\u601d\u8003\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u662f\u65f6\u5019\u4e3a\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u5371\u673a\u753b\u4e0a\u53e5\u53f7\u4e86\u3002\u52aa\u529b\u8ffd\u8e2a\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u79d1\u6ce8\u518c\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u4eba\u6570\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u51fa\u957f\u957f\u7684\u3001\u8bb8\u591a\u96c6\u7684\u80a5\u7682\u5267\uff0c\u8fc7\u9ad8\u7684\uff08\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u9002\u5ea6\u7684\uff09\u5e0c\u671b\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u574f\u6d88\u606f\u6233\u7834\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u65e9\u57282013\u5e74\uff0c\u300a\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u6742\u5fd7\u300b\uff08The 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learning\uff09\u3002\u800c\u201c\u6587\u5316\u201d\uff08culture\uff09\u4e00\u8bcd\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u5219\u66f4\u5927\uff1b\u5728\u5176\u73b0\u4ee3\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u662f\u201c\u4e00\u79cd\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u201d\u548c\u201c\u4e3a\u4eba\u6240\u601d\u8003\u548c\u8457\u8ff0\u4e2d\u7684\u7cbe\u534e\u201d\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u6db5\u4e49\u7684\u201c\u6587\u5316\u201d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u8bcd\uff0c\u572819\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u9996\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u60ca\u559c<\/strong><strong>\uff1a<\/strong>\u5f53\u73b0\u4ee3\u5b66\u79d1\uff08disciplines\uff09\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4ece\u6b27\u6d32\u542f\u8499\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u65f6\u2014\u20141797\u5e74\u7684\u300a\u5927\u82f1\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u4e66\u300b\u79f0\u5b83\u4eec\u4e3a\u65b0\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u201c\u4e92\u76f8\u5206\u5f00\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u90e8\u5206\u201d\uff0c[5]\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e9\u5148\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u201c\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b66\u201d\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u4ece\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u5b9e\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\u7c7b\u522b\uff0c\u201c\u79d1\u5b66\u201d\uff08science\uff09\u3001[6]\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u201d\uff08social sciences\uff09[7]\u4ee5\u53ca\u201c\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u201d\uff0c\u90fd\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u9996\u5148\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u7c7b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u57281830\u5e74\u81f31860\u5e74\u95f4\u65bd\u52a0\u7ed9\u5404\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u6b21\u4e00\u7ea7\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u7c7b\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-medium-font-size\" style=\"color:#6066af\"><strong>\u77e5\u8bc6\u5212\u5206\u533a\u57df\u6218\u7565\uff08<\/strong><strong>Zone Strategy<\/strong><strong>\uff09<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5b89\u6392\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u8bf4\u6cd5\u662f\u201c\u5206\u533a\u201d\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\uff08\u5373\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5e02\u3002\u8bd1\u8005\u6ce8\uff09\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5206\u533a\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u51cf\u5c11\u4e92\u76f8\u5e72\u6270\u3001\u4fb5\u5360\u5f7c\u6b64\u5730\u57df\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u6700\u5927\u9650\u5ea6\u5730\u4fc3\u8fdb\u81ea\u8eab\u589e\u957f\u3002\u5176\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u201c\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5e02\u533a\u5212\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u201d\uff08New York City Zoning Board\uff09\u6240\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u6109\u5feb\u7684\u73af\u5883\u201d\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u4eab\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u90bb\u533a\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bb6\u3002\u5bb6\u56ed\u53d7\u5230\u5a01\u80c1\u65f6\uff0c\u4e1a\u4e3b\u4eec\u4f1a\u805a\u96c6\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u634d\u536b\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u793e\u533a\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u76f8\u5e94\u547c\u58f0\uff0c\u8d23\u65e0\u65c1\u8d37\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u90a3\u4e2a\u4f7f\u5f97\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b66\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u547c\u58f0\u662f\u201c\u6587\u5316\u201d\u3002\u5728\u9a6c\u4fee\u00b7\u963f\u8bfa\u5fb7\uff08Matthew Arnold\uff09 1869\u5e74\u300a\u6587\u5316\u4e0e\u65e0\u653f\u5e9c\u72b6\u6001\u300b\uff08Culture and Anarchy\uff09\u4e00\u4e66\u7684\u8868\u8ff0\u4e2d\uff0c[8]\u6587\u5316\u6210\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u51dd\u805a\u529b\u7684\u50ac\u5316\u5242\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u6392\u5217\u4e86\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5982\u5b83\u8bd5\u56fe\u91cd\u65b0\u7ec4\u7ec7\u793e\u4f1a\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6539\u5584\u548c\u5ba1\u7f8e\u63d0\u5347\u4e4b\u76ee\u7684\u76f8\u534f\u8c03\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u652f\u5b66\u79d1\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e3b\u9898\u4e0e\u4e00\u5957\u65b9\u6cd5\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u6807\u7b7e\u4e3a\u201c\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u524d\u6587\u300a\u725b\u6d25\u82f1\u8bed\u8bcd\u5178\u300b\u6240\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u8bcd\u6761\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>20\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e0a\u534a\u53f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u53ca\u5176\u59d0\u59b9\u7fa4\u4f53\u201c\u79d1\u5b66\u201d\u548c\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u201d\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5355\u4f4d\u5728\u5927\u5b66\u4e2d\u5360\u636e\u673a\u6784\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6807\u7b7e\u4e5f\u88ab\u954c\u523b\u8fdb\u4e86\u6821\u56ed\u5efa\u7b51\u91cc\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u770b\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u6c34\u5cad\u3002\u8fd9\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a1945\u5e74\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u201c\u7ea2\u76ae\u4e66\u201d\u62a5\u544a\u6240\u4f53\u73b0\u7684\u901a\u8bc6\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u5174\u8d77\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4efd\u8bfe\u7a0b\u5ba3\u8a00\u3002[9]\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u901a\u8fc7GI\u6cd5\u6848\u652f\u6301\u4ece\u6218\u573a\u4e0a\u9000\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u9000\u4f0d\u519b\u4eba\u8fdb\u5165\u5927\u5b66\u6821\u56ed\u5b66\u4e60\u3002\u8fd9\u4efd\u62a5\u544a\u662f\u4e3a\u7ba1\u7406\u4ee5\u6b64\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u6d8c\u5165\u6821\u56ed\u7684\u5927\u6279\u5927\u5b66\u751f\u800c\u8bde\u751f\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e00\u6218\u7565\u662f\u6709\u610f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u5e73\u8861\u6218\u4e89\u671f\u95f4\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u6280\u672f\u7684\u8fc5\u731b\u589e\u957f\u3002\u5b83\u5c06\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u5b66\u79d1\u4e2d\u8981\u6c42\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u8bfe\u7a0b\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u5f52\u4e3a\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u3002\u91c7\u53d6\u8fd9\u4e9b\u63aa\u65bd\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u62d3\u5c55\u548c\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u9488\u5bf9\u4e00\u4efd\u5171\u6709\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u6743\u5229\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u516c\u6c11\u5206\u6563\u5230\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\u533a\u95f4\u4e2d\u53bb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u73b0\u4ee3\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u201c\u5927\u7206\u70b8\u201d\u968f\u4e4b\u800c\u6765\uff0c\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u5927\u5b66\u5411\u66f4\u5bbd\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u30021950\u5e74\u4ee3\u540e60\u5e74\u95f4\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u81a8\u80c0\u586b\u6ee1\u4e86\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u5904\u73b0\u6709\u533a\u95f4\uff0c\u6559\u804c\u5458\u5de5\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u548c\u5956\u5b66\u91d1\u7684\u84ec\u52c3\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u90fd\u5305\u62ec\u5728\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u79d1\u5185\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u6ce1\u6cab\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u76ee\u524d\u53c2\u4e0e\u8fa9\u8bba\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u79d1\u547d\u8fd0\u7684\u4eba\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u5927\u5b66\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793e\u533a\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u6269\u5f20\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5206\u533a\u6218\u7565\uff0c\u5373\u5c06\u5404\u5b66\u79d1\u7eb3\u5165\u5230\u5404\u81ea\u6709\u95e8\u69db\u7684\u533a\u95f4\uff0c\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u6781\u5927\u7684\u6210\u529f\u3002\u968f\u7740\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4ea7\u51fa\u4e5f\u5728\u589e\u957f\u3002\u52301965\u5e74\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f7f\u547d\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u8fdb\u6b65\u611f\u88ab\u65b0\u7684\u57fa\u91d1\u6350\u8d60\u673a\u6784\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\u548c\u8d27\u5e01\u5316\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u57fa\u91d1\u6350\u8d60\u673a\u6784\u8bd5\u56fe\u8ba9\u516c\u4f17\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8bae\u7a0b\u611f\u5230\u6e29\u6696\uff1a\u56fd\u5bb6\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b66\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\uff08National Endowment for the Humanities\uff09\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u827a\u672f\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\uff08National Endowment for the Arts\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f46\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u70ed\u5ea6\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u3002\u4e13\u4e1a\u5728\u7f29\u51cf\uff0c\u535a\u58eb\u7533\u8bf7\u5728\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u6350\u8d60\u57fa\u91d1\u88ab\u780d\u6389\u2014\u2014\u70ed\u60c5\u7684\u8fa9\u62a4\u4e5f\u672a\u80fd\u4f7f\u5176\u5347\u6e29\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fa9\u62a4\u8d8a\u662f\u4ee5\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\uff0c\u5c31\u8d8a\u662f\u504f\u5411\u4e8e\u201c\u8bf1\u9975\u548c\u5f00\u5173\u201d\uff08bait and 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centers\uff09\u7b49\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u533a\u95f4\u603b\u90e8\u3002\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u52aa\u529b\u7ecf\u5e38\u6027\u5730\u662f\u4ee5\u9080\u8bf7\u53c2\u52a0\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u4f1a\u8bae\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5448\u73b0\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u6216\u4e0d\u63a5\u53d7\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u9080\u8bf7\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u5fc3\u91cc\u8017\u8d39\u591a\u591a\u5c11\u5c11\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7cbe\u529b\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5bb6\u91cc\uff0c\u5373\u6211\u4eec\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u3001\u7b2c\u4e00\u7b49\u7ea7\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u5bb6\u56ed\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u805a\u4f1a\u7ecf\u5386\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u4e2d\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u5f00\u59cb\u5bfb\u627e\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u6ee1\u610f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6d3e\u5bf9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u5c06\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u4e0e\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u52aa\u529b\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u5192\u9669\u5c06\u4e0d\u9650\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u719f\u6089\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u533a\u95f4\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u8de8\u533a\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u77e5\u8bc6\u533a\u57df\u5185\u7684\u3002[13]\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u9879\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u573a\u4e00\u591c\u6d3e\u5bf9\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u6211\u4eec\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u5404\u81ea\u77e5\u8bc6\u533a\u95f4\u4e2d\u7684\u8212\u9002\u548c\u81ea\u6ee1\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5bf9\u5f85\u65b0\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u65b0\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b0\u77e5\u8bc6\u8ba9\u4eba\u6e34\u671b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u83b7\u5f97\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b83\u662f\u6240\u6709\u5b66\u79d1\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6301\u7eed\u6027\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e92\u611f\u5145\u5206\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5fe0\u4e8e\u5b66\u79d1\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u533a\u57df\u533a\u95f4\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u5145\u5206\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u521b\u9020\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u5b66\u79d1\u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u89e3\u91ca\u76f8\u534f\u548c\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u201c\u89e3\u91ca\u201d\u662f\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u5173\u952e\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u65b0\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u517c\u5bb9\u5c31\u662f\u79ef\u6781\u4e3b\u52a8\u5730\u53c2\u4e0e\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u968f\u7740\u77e5\u8bc6\u533a\u57df\u533a\u95f4\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u88ab\u524a\u5f31\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u5371\u673a\u6240\u8868\u660e\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u9610\u660e\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u77e5\u8bc6\u7ec4\u7ec7\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u65f6\u9a7e\u9a6d\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\u7684\u65b0\u7684\u8d77\u822a\u673a\u4f1a\u7684\u65f6\u523b\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u6587\u5b66\u53f2\u548c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u81ea\u8eab\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u65c5\u884c\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u8de8\u8d8a\u4eba\u6587\/\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u9e3f\u6c9f\u6765\u4ea4\u6d41\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b66\u79d1\u6765\u8bd5\u56fe\u89e3\u51b3\u540c\u6837\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u65b0\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u201c\u8d44\u6e90\u201d\u2014\u2014\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u3001\uff08\u5927\uff09\u6570\u636e\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u548c\u77e5\u8bc6\u672c\u8eab\u2014\u2014\u5d4c\u5165\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9886\u57df\u3002\u8981\u505a\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u5e76\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u4e0d\u4f7f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed\u5df4\u5c14\u5e72\u5316\uff08balkanizing\uff0c\u6307\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u5df4\u5c14\u5e72\u534a\u5c9b\u5206\u88c2\u6210\u82e5\u5e72\u5bf9\u7acb\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u8bd1\u8005\u6ce8\uff09\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u505a\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u5c31\u66f4\u96be\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4fe1\u606f\u5df2\u7ecf\u4ee5\u60ca\u4eba\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u76f8\u5bb9\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5728\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\u3002\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u62c5\u5fc3\u4fe1\u606f\u8fc7\u8f7d\uff08information overload\uff09\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u5728\u8fc7\u8f7d\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ee4\u6211\u4eec\u60ca\u8bb6\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6574\u5408\u65b0\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u548c\u5728\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u4e00\u6837\u6709\u7740\u6839\u672c\u6027\u7684\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u91cf\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e4b\u7236\u5927\u536b\u00b7\u591a\u4f0a\u5947\uff08David Deutsch\uff09\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u8fd8\u662f\u5e7f\u4e49\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e3a\u4fe1\u606f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6d4b\u91cf\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u201d\u4ed6\u603b\u7ed3\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u4fe1\u606f\u201d\u8981\u6c42\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u6709\u201c\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u6a21\u5f0f\u201d\u3002\u591a\u4f0a\u5947\u628a\u4ed6\u5c06\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5411\u4fe1\u606f\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u6784\u9020\u8005\u7406\u8bba\u201d\uff08Constructor Theory\uff09\uff0c[14]\u4ed6\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9886\u57df\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5728\u53ef\u80fd\u548c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u53cd\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff08counterfactual\uff09\u533a\u5206\u4e0a\u3002\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bf9\u53ef\u80fd\u548c\u53cd\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u517c\u5bb9\u7684\u9080\u8bf7\uff0c\u591a\u4f0a\u5947\u9009\u62e9\u63a8\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e00\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e5f\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9664\u4e86\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u8f6c\u5411\u5386\u53f2\u5916\uff0c\u591a\u4f0a\u5947\u51b3\u5b9a\u201c\u5148\u53d1\u8868\u4e00\u7bc7\u54f2\u5b66\u8bba\u6587\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6570\u5b66\u8bba\u6587\u3002[15]\u6784\u9020\u8005\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u6210\u5206\uff1a\u8be5\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7b56\u7565\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u6709\u5173\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u5f00\u53d1\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u7cbe\u786e\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5c06\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u7eb3\u5165\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\uff08the real\uff09\u89e3\u91ca\u4e2d\u3002\u5728\u4ee5\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u4e0b\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u50cf\u5728\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u8857\u533a\u533a\u95f4\u9192\u6765\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u4e2d\u3002\u7528\u591a\u4f0a\u5947\u7684\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u77e5\u8bc6\u5bf9\u7269\u7406\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f71\u54cd\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4eba\u201d\u800c\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5386\u53f2\u3001\u54f2\u5b66\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u77e5\u8bc6\u3001\u4eba\u3002\u4e0e\u5176\u8bf4\u591a\u4f0a\u5947\u8fdd\u53cd\u4e86\u533a\u57df\u89c4\u5212\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u8bf4\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u63a5\u53d7\u9080\u8bf7\uff0c\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u5728\u522b\u7684\u8857\u533a\u533a\u95f4\u9192\u6765\u3002\u5728\u53bb\u9664\u6389\u77e5\u8bc6\u533a\u95f4\u5212\u5206\u540e\uff0c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u77e5\u8bc6\u662f\u5426\u5c45\u4e8e\u79d1\u5b66\u6216\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u662f\u5426\u662f\u517c\u5bb9\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u517c\u5bb9\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u5bf9\u505a\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5371\u673a\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u7740\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u800c\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u5371\u673a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ba9\u5b66\u79d1\u4ee5\u65b0\u65b9\u5f0f\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u6253\u5f00\u76ee\u524d\u5206\u5272\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u95e8\u9600\uff0c\u88ab\u65b0\u7684\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u6240\u6fc0\u53d1\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u65b0\u7406\u8bba\u5316\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u95ee\u9898\u5236\u5b9a\u53ef\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e07\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fc8\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u6b65\u3002\u77e5\u8bc6\u5728\u88ab\u7ec6\u5206\u4e3a\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u4e4b\u524d\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u589e\u957f\u4e86\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u90fd\u4f1a\u6709\u65b0\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u673a\u4f1a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\">\uff08\u7f16\u8f91\uff1a\u59dc\u6587\u6d9b\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-background\" style=\"background-color:#6066af;color:#6066af\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5173\u4e8e\u201cThe Re: Enlightenment Project: Reconceiving How Knowledge Works in the World\u201d \u5b66\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\uff1ahttps:\/\/reenlightenment.org\u3002\u539f\u6587\u6807\u9898\u4e3a\u201cIs It Time to Dezone Knowledge?\u201d\uff0c\u89c1 https:\/\/www.insidehighered.com\/views\/2019\/11\/04\/halt-crisis-humanities-higher-ed-should-rethinkits-classification-knowledge\u3002\u4f5c\u8005Clifford Siskin\u662f\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5927\u5b66\u82f1\u8bed\u7cfb\u7684\u4f2f\u683c\u79f0\u53f7\u6559\u6388\uff08Berg Professor\uff09\uff0cWilliam Warner\u662f\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b66\u5723\u5854\u82ad\u82ad\u62c9\u5206\u6821\u82f1\u8bed\u7cfb\u7684\u6770\u51fa\u6559\u6388\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"908\" height=\"658\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Tu_Pian_1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-24428\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1.3799392097264438;width:750px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Tu_Pian_1.png 908w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Tu_Pian_1-300x217.png 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Tu_Pian_1-768x557.png 768w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Tu_Pian_1-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 908px) 100vw, 908px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"979\" height=\"611\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Tu_Pian_2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-24429\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Tu_Pian_2.png 979w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Tu_Pian_2-300x187.png 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Tu_Pian_2-768x479.png 768w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Tu_Pian_2-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 979px) 100vw, 979px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-medium-font-size\" style=\"color:#6066af\"><strong>\u6ce8\u91ca\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[1]Heidi Tworek,\u201cThe Real Reason the Humanities Are &#8216;in Crisis&#8217;,\u201d<em> The Atlantic<\/em>, January 2013, <a href=\"https:\/\/www\">https:\/\/www<\/a>. theatlantic.com\/education\/archive\/2013\/12\/the-real-reason-the-humanities-are-in-crisis\/282441\/.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[2]Scott Jaschik,\u201cHumanities Majors in Decline in US Higher Education: Number of Bachelor&#8217;s Degrees Awarded in Field Down 5 Per Cent Year-on-year,\u201d <em>The Times Higher Education, <\/em>June 5, 2017, <a href=\"https:\/\/www\">https:\/\/www<\/a>. timeshighereducation.com\/news\/humanities-majors-decline-us-higher-education.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[3]Vimal Patel,\u201cEnrollment in Humanities Ph.D. Programs Declines as More Graduate Schools Slim Down,\u201d <em>The Chronicle of Higher Education<\/em>, September 17, 2015, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chronicle.com\/article\/enrollment-in-humanities-ph-d-programs-declines-as-more-graduate-schools-slim-down\/\">https:\/\/www.chronicle.com\/article\/enrollment-in-humanities-ph-d-programs-declines-as-more-graduate-schools-slim-down\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[4]OED, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.oed.com\/view\/Entry\/89280?redirectedFrom=humanities#eid311537170\">https:\/\/www.oed.com\/view\/Entry\/89280?redirectedFrom=humanities#eid311537170<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[5]https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/encbritannica05macf\/page\/n6.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[6]Simon Schaffer,\u201cScientific Discoveries and the End of Natural Philosophy,\u201d <em>Social Studies of Science<\/em>,vol. 16, no. 3, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177%2F030631286016003001\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177%2F030631286016003001<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[7]https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/inquiryintoprinc00thomuoft\/page\/n15; <a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=xxTkozhjgT0C&amp;q=sociology#v=snippet&amp;q=sociology&amp;f=false\">https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=xxTkozhjgT0C&amp;q=sociology#v=snippet&amp;q=sociology&amp;f=false<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[8]https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=97yRBQAAQBAJ&amp;q=humanities#v=onepage&amp;q=culture&amp;f=false.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[9]https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/generaleducation032440mbp\/page\/n6.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[10]https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=sPXpnvI44gwC&amp;q=377#v=snippet&amp;q=377&amp;f=false.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[11]Franklin E. Court,\u201cThe Social and Historical Significance of the First English Literature Professorship in England,\u201d <em>PMLA<\/em>, vol. 103, no. 5, 1988, pp. 796-807, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/462518\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/462518<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[12]\u201cTable 322.10. Bachelor&#8217;s Degrees Conferred by Postsecondary Institutions, by Field of Study: Selected Years, 1970-71 through 2012-13,\u201d National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), https:\/\/nces.ed.gov\/programs\/digest\/d14\/tables\/dt14_322.10.asp, accessed October 24, 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[13]Sam Wineburg and Pam Grossman eds., <em>Interdisciplinary Curriculum: Challenges to Implementation Illustrated Edition<\/em>, New York: Teachers College Press, 2000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[14]David Deutsch, Chiara Marletto,\u201cReconstructing Physics: The Universe is Information,\u201d <em>New Scientist<\/em>,21 May, 2014, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.newscientist.com\/article\/mg22229700-200-reconstructing-physics-theuniverse-is-information\/\">https:\/\/www.newscientist.com\/article\/mg22229700-200-reconstructing-physics-theuniverse-is-information\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[15]\u201cCONSTRUCTOR THEORY: A Conversation with David Deutsch,\u201d <em>Edge<\/em>, October 22, 2012, <a href=\"https:\/\/www\">https:\/\/www<\/a>. edge.org\/conversation\/constructor-theory.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u7f16\u8005\u6309\uff1a \u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u4e0e\u5176\u6240\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u5b66\u79d1\uff08\u5982\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u79d1\u5b66\u7b49\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u672c\u520a\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u70b9\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":24427,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[4957],"tags":[29],"class_list":["post-24424","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-4957","tag-29"],"blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":6}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24424","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=24424"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24424\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24430,"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24424\/revisions\/24430"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24427"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=24424"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=24424"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=24424"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}