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class=\"has-text-color has-medium-font-size\" style=\"color:#8f664e\"><strong>\u4e00\u3001\u8bba\u987a\u6cbb\u671d\u65e0\u8bb3\u4f8b<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7687\u592a\u6781\u7b2c\u4e5d\u5b50\u539f\u540d\u201c<em>fangkala<\/em>\u201d\uff08\u65b9\u5580\u62c9\uff09\uff0c\u6c49\u540d\u201c\u798f\u4e34\u201d\u5e94\u662f\u5728\u4ed6\u6210\u4e3a\u7687\u4f4d\u7ee7\u627f\u4eba\u540e\u65b9\u6709\uff0c\u53d6\u201c\u798f\u7949\u964d\u4e34\u201d\u4e4b\u610f\u3002[10]\u5148\u524d\u5b66\u754c\u6709\u6e05\u671d\u65e9\u5728\u5165\u5173\u4e4b\u521d\u5e94\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u907f\u8bb3\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u6b64\u56e0\u738b\u5efa\u4e8e\u665a\u6e05\u9057\u8001\u5f90\u73c2\uff081869\u20141928\uff09\u6240\u7f16\u7e82\u7684\u300a\u6e05\u7a17\u7c7b\u949e\u300b\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u4e00\u5219\u8bb0\u4e8b\u66f0\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u987a\u6cbb\u58ec\u8fb0\uff08\u4e5d\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u8c15\uff1a\u201c\u81e3\u6c11\u7b49\u5982\u6709\u4ee5\u666f\u5b57\u3001\u6cf0\u5b57\u547d\u540d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0b\u4e00\u5b57\u7cfb\u9f84\u3001\u6797\u7b49\u5b57\u8005\uff0c\u4e24\u5b57\u76f8\u8fde\uff0c\u4e24\u97f3\u76f8\u534f\uff0c\u5982\u7b56\u4e39\u3001\u7389\u798f\u4e4b\u539f\u540d\u8005\uff0c\u81ea\u5f53\u66f4\u6539\u3002\u201d\u5176\u7528\u666f\u5b57\u3001\u6cf0\u5b57\u547d\u540d\u8005\uff0c\u539f\u4e0d\u5728\u656c\u907f\u4e4b\u5217\u3002\u4e19\u7533\uff08\u987a\u6cbb\u5341\u4e09\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u8c15\uff1a\u201c\u5723\u8c1f\u4e8c\u5b57\uff0c\u5c82\u81e3\u4e0b\u6240\u53ef\u547d\u540d\uff1f\u55e3\u540e\u9047\u6709\u6b64\u7b49\u547d\u540d\uff0c\u4e0d\u5408\u8005\uff0c\u5373\u5f53\u7559\u610f\u66f4\u6b63\u3002\u201d[11]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u201c\u5723\u8c1f\u201d\u672c\u6307\u5723\u4eba\u6cbb\u5929\u4e0b\u7684\u5b8f\u56fe\u5927\u7565\uff0c\u540e\u4ea6\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c\u79f0\u9882\u5e1d\u738b\u8c0b\u7565\u4e4b\u8bcd\uff0c\u6545\u4ee5\u6b64\u4e3a\u540d\u8005\u6613\u8ba9\u4eba\u6709\u81ea\u8be9\u4e3a\u5723\u8d24\u6216\u5e1d\u738b\u4e4b\u5acc\u3002\u738b\u5efa\u9042\u4ee5\u987a\u6cbb\u671d\u65e2\u5df2\u8981\u6c42\u201c\u666f\u3001\u9f84\u201d\u201c\u6cf0\u3001\u6797\u201d\u201c\u5723\u3001\u8c1f\u201d\u7b49\u4e24\u5b57\u76f8\u90bb\u8005\u7686\u8be5\u907f\u8bb3\uff0c\u90a3\u201c\u81e3\u4e0b\u7109\u5f97\u4e0d\u907f\u798f\u4e34\u4e4b\u8bb3\u201d\uff01\u4ea6\u5373\uff0c\u4ed6\u76f8\u4fe1\u5f53\u65f6\u5e94\u5b9e\u884c\u201c\u4e8c\u540d\u4e0d\u504f\u8bb3\u201d\u4e4b\u5236\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u8981\u201c\u798f\u4e34\u201d\u4e8c\u5b57\u4e0d\u8fde\u7528\uff0c\u5c31\u65e0\u9700\u656c\u907f\u3002\u60df\u5176\u8bf4\u663e\u7136\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9645\u72b6\u51b5\u4e0d\u5408\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u987a\u3001\u5eb7\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c61\u53ef\u53d1\u73b0\u5373\u4f7f\u5fa1\u540d\u201c\u798f\u4e34\u201d\u4e24\u5b57\u76f8\u8fde\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u4ea6\u672a\u89c1\u6709\u7f3a\u7b14\u6216\u6539\u5b57\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\uff08\u56fe1\uff09\uff0c\u671d\u5ef7\u65b9\u5f53\u65f6\u663e\u7136\u5e76\u4e0d\u91cd\u89c6\u907f\u8bb3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"958\" height=\"765\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-24842\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1.2522875816993464;width:714px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_1.jpg 958w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_1-300x240.jpg 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_1-768x613.jpg 768w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_1-15x12.jpg 15w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 958px) 100vw, 958px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">\u56fe1\u3000\u6e05\u521d\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u798f\u4e34\u201d\u4e24\u5b57<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u66f4\u6709\u751a\u8005\uff0c\u524d\u5f15\u6587\u4e2d\u4e3a\u4f55\u79f0\u81e3\u6c11\u82e5\u6709\u4ee5\u201c\u666f\u5b57\u3001\u6cf0\u5b57\u547d\u540d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0b\u4e00\u5b57\u7cfb\u9f84\u3001\u6797\u7b49\u5b57\u201d\u8005\u5373\u8be5\u907f\u8bb3\uff0c\u5148\u524d\u5b66\u8005\u4e00\u76f4\u4e0d\u592a\u660e\u4e86\uff0c\u4ea6\u4e0d\u77e5\u4e3a\u4f55\u540d\u4e3a\u7b56\u4e39\u3001\u7389\u798f\u8005\u53ef\u66f4\u540d\u3002\u7ecf\u6838\u5b9e\u201c\u6c49\u7c4d\u7535\u5b50\u6587\u732e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u201d\u7684\u300a\u6e05\u5b9e\u5f55\u300b\u540e\uff0c\u7b14\u8005\u8d6b\u7136\u53d1\u73b0\u300a\u6e05\u7a17\u7c7b\u949e\u300b\u7684\u7cfb\u5e74\u6709\u8bef\uff0c\u8be5\u4e8c\u8c15\u5b9e\u4e3a\u5609\u5e86\u4e5d\u5e74\uff081804\uff09\u516d\u6708\u53ca\u5341\u4e09\u5e74\u516d\u6708\u4e4b\u65e8\uff08\u5f90\u73c2\u8bef\u201c\u5609\u5e86\u201d\u4e3a\u201c\u987a\u6cbb\u201d\uff09\uff0c[12]\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u8ba8\u8bba\u6c49\u5b57\u5e94\u5426\u907f\u201c\u666f\u9675\u201d\uff08\u5eb7\u7199\u5e1d\u9675\u5bdd\uff09\u548c\u201c\u6cf0\u9675\u201d\uff08\u96cd\u6b63\u5e1d\u9675\u5bdd\uff09\uff0c\u8c15\u4ee4\u6b64\u540e\u53ea\u6709\u201c\u4e24\u5b57\u76f8\u8fde\uff0c\u4e24\u97f3\u76f8\u534f\u201d\u8005\uff08\u5982\u201c\u666f\u9f84\u201d\u201c\u666f\u6797\u201d\u201c\u6cf0\u9f84\u201d\u201c\u6cf0\u6797\u201d\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u624d\u9700\u656c\u907f\uff0c\u800c\u540d\u5b57\u82e5\u4e0e\u201c\u626f\u6de1\u201d\uff08\u5982\u7b56\u4e39\uff09\u548c\u201c\u8fc2\u8150\u201d\uff08\u5982\u7389\u798f\uff09\u7b49\u7c97\u4fd7\u4e0d\u96c5\u4e4b\u8bcd\u8c10\u97f3\uff08\u6ee1\u6587\u65e0\u58f0\u8c03\uff09\u8005\uff0c\u4ea6\u53ef\u6539\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7c7b\u4f3c\u60c5\u5f62\u4ea6\u53ef\u89c1\u4e8e\u6b64\u524d\uff0c\u5982\u5609\u5e86\u516b\u5e74\uff081803\uff09\u56db\u6708\u521d\u4e8c\u65e5\u8d4f\u5df2\u9769\u5e7f\u4e1c\u5e03\u653f\u4f7f\u5e38\u9f84\u84dd\u7fce\u4f8d\u536b\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u5176\u4e3a\u4e4c\u91cc\u96c5\u82cf\u53f0\u53c2\u8d5e\u5927\u81e3\uff0c\u5bfb\u547d\u5e38\u9f84\u6539\u540d\u5e38\u5b89\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u540c\u65e5\u5927\u5b66\u58eb\u7b49\u66fe\u8bae\u594f\u5217\u5723\u3001\u5e99\u8bb3\u606d\u907f\u5b57\u6837\uff0c\u547d\u201c\u4e8e\u5723\u7956\u4ec1\u7687\u5e1d\u5723\u8bb3\u4e0b\u4e00\u5b57\uff0c\u7528\u715c\u5b57\u606d\u4ee3\uff1b\u4e16\u5b97\u5baa\u7687\u5e1d\u5723\u8bb3\u4e0b\u4e00\u5b57\uff0c\u7528\u796f\u5b57\u606d\u4ee3\u201d\uff0c\u6545\u7591\u524d\u8ff0\u6539\u201c\u5e38\u9f84\u201d\u4e4b\u4e3e\uff0c\u5e94\u662f\u907f\u8bb3\u5609\u5e86\u5e1d\u5728\u6613\u5dde\u592a\u5e73\u5cea\u4e3a\u5df1\u6240\u8425\u9020\u7684\u660c\u9675\uff08\u672c\u5e74\u5de5\u7a0b\u752b\u6bd5\uff0c\u6545\u6216\u5df2\u4e8e\u7a0d\u65e9\u547d\u540d\uff0c\u4e14\u51c6\u5907\u4e8e\u5341\u6708\u5949\u79fb\u5df2\u53bb\u4e16\u4e03\u5e74\u7684\u5b5d\u6dd1\u7687\u540e\u5165\u5730\u5bab\uff09\uff0c\u6b64\u56e0\u201c\u5e38\u9f84\u201d\u7684\u6ee1\u6587\u6070\u4e0e\u660c\u9675\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\u76f8\u540c\u3002[13]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u518d\u8005\uff0c\u7ecf\u67e5\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u65b9\u5fd7\u5e93\u201d\u548c\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u8c31\u7252\u5e93\u201d\uff0c\u8fc4\u6e05\u672b\u867d\u4ecd\u5076\u89c1\u6709\u4ee5\u201c\u5723\u8c1f\u201d\u4e3a\u540d\u8005\uff0c\u4f46\u591a\u4e3a\u4e00\u822c\u767e\u59d3\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u300a\u6e05\u5b9e\u5f55\u300b\u548c\u300a\u6e05\u4ee3\u7f19\u7ec5\u5f55\u96c6\u6210\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c[14]\u5728\u5609\u5e86\u521d\u5e74\u4e4b\u524d\u867d\u53ef\u89c1\u9676\u5723\u8c1f\u3001\u738b\u5723\u8c1f\u3001\u95fb\u5723\u8c1f\u3001\u9648\u5723\u8c1f\u7b49\u6587\u6b66\u5b98\u5458\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u540e\u5219\u786e\u672a\u89c1\u5230\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u5723\u8c1f\u201d\u8005\uff0c\u77e5\u7528\u6b64\u540d\u6050\u89e6\u5b98\u573a\u4e4b\u5fcc\uff0c\u6e56\u5357\u7ee5\u9756\u9547\u6807\u4e2d\u8425\u5b88\u5907\u5f20\u5723\u8c1f\u5373\u56e0\u6b64\u4e8e\u5609\u5e86\u5341\u4e09\u5e74\uff081808\uff09\u516d\u6708\u5949\u65e8\u6539\u540d\u4e3a\u5f20\u8c1f\uff0c\u7406\u7531\u662f\u201c\u2018\u5723\u8c1f\u2019\u4e8c\u5b57\u5c82\u81e3\u4e0b\u6240\u53ef\u547d\u540d\u201d\u3002[15]\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u6b64\u8bcd\u5df2\u9010\u6e10\u8f6c\u53d8\u6210\u7687\u5e1d\u7684\u4e13\u5c5e\u4ee3\u79f0\uff0c\u5982\u79d1\u8003\u65f6\u5373\u89c4\u5b9a\u201c\u5723\u5929\u5b50\u3001\u7687\u4e0a\u3001\u5723\u4e3b\u3001\u4e00\u4eba\u3001\u5723\u8c1f\u3001\u5723\u9274\u2026\u2026\u201d\u7b49\u7528\u8bed\u7686\u987b\u62ac\u5199\u3002[16]\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u987a\u6cbb\u671d\u5b9e\u65e0\u907f\u8bb3\u5236\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-medium-font-size\" style=\"color:#8f664e\"><strong>\u4e8c\u3001\u8bba\u5eb7\u7199\u671d\u65e0\u8bb3\u4f8b<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u300a\u65f6\u5baa\u5386\u300b\u6216\u300a\u901a\u4e66\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u7384\u201d\u5b57<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53c8\uff0c\u5eb7\u7199\u671d\u4ea6\u5c1a\u672a\u53d1\u73b0\u5177\u4f53\u8bb3\u4f8b\uff0c\u907f\u5fa1\u540d\u8005\u6216\u591a\u5c5e\u81ea\u4e3b\u884c\u4e3a\uff1a\u5982\u5929\u6587\u5b98\u5434\u660e\u70ab\u5373\u81ea\u884c\u6539\u540d\u660e\u70dc\uff1b[17]\u7c4d\u96b6\u5185\u52a1\u5e9c\u5305\u8863\u7684\u66f9\u5bc5\u5f1f\u66f9\u5ba3\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u5f53\u5dee\u65f6\u4e0e\u7687\u5e1d\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u8f83\u591a\uff0c\u4e14\u201c\u7384\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u5ba3\u201d\u53d1\u97f3\u751a\u8fd1\uff0c\u9042\u4e3b\u52a8\u907f\u5acc\u540d\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u540d\u7684\u6ee1\u3001\u6c49\u6587\u6539\u6210\u201c<em>ciowan<\/em>\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u8343\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u523b\u6709\u201c\u66f9\u5ba3\u4eca\u540d\u8343\u201d\u4e00\u5370\u3002[18]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6e05\u4ee3\u7684\u907f\u8bb3\u5e94\u81ea\u96cd\u6b63\u5e1d\u59cb\u4e25\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u5eb7\u7199\u516d\u5341\u4e00\u5e74\uff081722\uff09\u5341\u4e8c\u6708\uff08\u767b\u57fa\u540e\u6b21\u6708\uff09\u5047\u7687\u592a\u540e\u4e4b\u88c1\u5b9a\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u5144\u5f1f\u540d\u4e2d\u7684\u884c\u5b57\u201c\u80e4\u201d\u5168\u6539\u6210\u201c\u5141\u201d\u3002[19]\u96cd\u6b63\u5143\u5e74\uff081723\uff09\u5341\u4e00\u6708\u66f4\u4e0b\u8c15\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53e4\u5236\uff0c\u51e1\u9047\u5e99\u8bb3\u5b57\u6837\uff0c\u4e8e\u672c\u5b57\u5185\u4f46\u7f3a\u4e00\u7b14\uff0c\u6050\u672a\u8db3\u4ee5\u4f38\u656c\u5fc3\uff0c\u6628\u6715\u5076\u9605\u300a\u65f6\u5baa\u5386\u300b\u4e8c\u6708\u6708\u4ee4\u5185\uff0c\u89c1\u5723\u7956\u4ec1\u7687\u5e1d\u5723\u8bb3\u4e0a\u4e00\u5b57\uff0c\u4e0d\u89c9\u611f\u75db\u3002\u55e3\u540e\u4e2d\u5916\u594f\u7ae0\u6587\u79fb\uff0c\u9047\u5723\u8bb3\u4e0a\u4e00\u5b57\uff0c\u5219\u5199\u201c\u5143\u201d\u5b57\uff0c\u9047\u5723\u8bb3\u4e0b\u4e00\u5b57\uff0c\u5219\u5199\u201c   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class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"703\" height=\"874\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_3-rotated.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-24843\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_3-rotated.jpg 703w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_3-241x300.jpg 241w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_3-10x12.jpg 10w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 703px) 100vw, 703px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">\u56fe2\u3000\u56fd\u5bb6\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u85cf\u5386\u4e66\u6216\u901a\u4e66\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u7384\u201d\u5b57\u5199\u6cd5[27]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u5eb7\u7199\u5e1d\u5fa1\u540d\u7684\u8868\u8ff0\u53d8\u5316<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"760\" height=\"957\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_4-rotated.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-24844\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_4-rotated.jpg 760w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_4-238x300.jpg 238w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_4-10x12.jpg 10w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 760px) 100vw, 760px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">\u56fe3\u3000\u865e\u5fb7\u70e8\u4e0e\u738b\u6587\u70e8\u4e24\u8fdb\u58eb\u4eba\u540d\u5728\u660e\u6e05\u65b9\u5fd7\u4e2d\u7684\u5199\u6cd5<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5eb7\u7199\u671d\u793e\u4f1a\u81ea\u4e3b\u907f\u5fa1\u540d\uff0c\u9664\u7f3a\u7b14\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e14\u540c\u4e00\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u907f\u4e0e\u4e0d\u907f\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u5e38\u6df7\u89c1\u3002\u5982\u7b14\u8005\u5728\u6838\u67e5\u5143\u81f3\u987a\u5143\u5e74\uff081330\uff09\u72b6\u5143\u738b\u6587\u70e8\u4ee5\u53ca\u660e\u9686\u5e86\u4e94\u5e74\uff081571\uff09\u8fdb\u58eb\u865e\u5fb7\u70e8\u7684\u6750\u6599\u65f6\uff08\u56fe3\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u4ece\u4e0d\u540c\u671d\u4ee3\u53d9\u53ca\u5176\u4eba\u7684\u65b9\u5fd7\u4e2d\uff0c\u89c1\u5230\u201c\u7384\u70e8\u201d\u672b\u4e00\u5b57\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u907f\u8bb3\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1a\u7f3a\u672b\u7b14\u3001\u6539\u90e8\u9996\uff08\u5982\u4ee5\u201c\u66c4\u201d\u201c\u34af\u201d\u66ff\u4ee3\uff09\u3001\u517c\u7528\u4e24\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6216\u4ee5\u201c\u534e\u201d\u201c\u715c\u201d\u201c\u714c\u201d\u201c\u71a0\u201d\u53d6\u4ee3\uff0c[28]\u8fd9\u4e9b\u201c\u70e8\u201d\u7684\u6539\u5b57\u591a\u91c7\u7528\u539f\u672c\u5c31\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5f02\u4f53\u5b57\u6216\u97f3\u4e49\u76f8\u8fd1\u5b57\u3002\u5176\u591a\u6837\u6027\u8fdc\u8d85\u8fc7\u9648\u57a3\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u7384\u70e8\uff0c\u4ee5\u5143\u715c\u5b57\u4ee3\u201d\u3002\u800c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u96cd\u6b63\u5143\u5e74\u5341\u4e00\u6708\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u66fe\u7686\u4f9d\u65b0\u9881\u8bb3\u4f8b\u7edf\u4e00\u5199\u6210\u201c\u5143\u201d\u548c\u201c\ud851\udc7c\u201d\uff08\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u907f\u8bb3\u65f6\u901a\u5e38\u53ea\u8981\u4e0d\u76f4\u4e66\u539f\u5fa1\u540d\u4e4b\u5b57\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u88ab\u63a5\u53d7\uff09\uff0c\u66f4\u5076\u53ef\u53d1\u73b0\u5c11\u6570\u7684\u6f0f\u907f\uff08\u56fe3\uff09\u3002\u9648\u57a3\u4ee5\u201c\u715c\u201d\u4ee3\u201c\u70e8\u201d\u4e4b\u8bf4\uff0c\u5e94\u662f\u5728\u5609\u5e86\u516b\u5e74\u56db\u6708\u65b0\u7e82\u79d1\u573a\u6761\u4f8b\u65f6\u59cb\u6b63\u5f0f\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u6b64\u505a\u6cd5\u5728\u4e7e\u9686\u4fee\u300a\u94a6\u5b9a\u56db\u5e93\u5168\u4e66\u300b\u65f6\u5df2\u89c1\uff0c\u5982\u907f\u5199\u201c\u8303\u6654\u201d\u4e3a\u201c\u8303\u715c\u201d\uff0c\u60df\u8be5\u4e1b\u4e66\u4ea6\u5c61\u89c1\u5c06\u201c\u70e8\u201d\u5b57\u7f3a\u672b\u7b14\u3002[29]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"787\" height=\"1020\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_5-edited.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-24846\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_5-edited.jpg 787w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_5-edited-231x300.jpg 231w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_5-edited-768x995.jpg 768w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_5-edited-9x12.jpg 9w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 787px) 100vw, 787px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">\u56fe4\u3000\u660e\u4ee3\u4ee5\u524d\u97f5\u4e66\u4e2d\u6d89\u53ca\u5eb7\u7199\u5e1d\u5fa1\u540d\u7684\u5b57<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5eb7\u7199\u671d\u7684\u5176\u5b83\u65b9\u5fd7\u540c\u6837\u53ef\u7565\u89c1\u6b64\u60c5\u72b6\uff0c\u5982\u5eb7\u7199\u4e5d\u5e74\u300a\u6c38\u5dde\u5e9c\u5fd7\u300b\u523b\u672c\u4e2d\u67093\u4e2a\u201c\u70e8\u201d\u53ca2\u4e2a\u201c\u7217\u201d\u5b57\uff0c\u7686\u672a\u7f3a\u7b14\uff0c\u4f46\u5168\u4e66\u768438\u4e2a\u201c\u7384\u201d\u5b57\u5219\u5747\u7f3a\u672b\u7b14\u3002[30]\u5eb7\u7199\u4e09\u5341\u56db\u5e74\u300a\u6cb3\u5357\u901a\u5fd7\u300b\u523b\u672c\u4e2d\u5171\u670920\u4e2a\u201c\u70e8\u201d\u5b57\u53ca448\u4e2a\u201c\u7384\u201d\u5b57\uff0c\u4ec5\u7ea657\u4e2a\u201c\u7384\u201d\u4ee5\u7f3a\u672b\u7b14\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u656c\u907f\u3002[31]\u5eb7\u7199\u4e94\u5341\u4e8c\u5e74\u300a\u5b89\u798f\u53bf\u5fd7\u300b\u523b\u672c\u4e2d\u67095\u4e2a\u201c\u70e8\u201d\u53ca7\u4e2a\u201c\u7384\u201d\u5b57\uff0c\u4ec55\u4e2a\u201c\u7384\u201d\u5b57\u7f3a\u672b\u7b14\u3002[32]\u77e5\u5eb7\u7199\u65f6\u4eba\u5bf9\u907f\u8bb3\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e25\u8c28\uff08\u524d\u5f15\u65b9\u5fd7\u7686\u4e3a\u5730\u65b9\u5b98\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7f16\u7e82\uff09\uff0c\u6545\u82e5\u4ee5\u4e4b\u5224\u65ad\u5e74\u4ee3\u65f6\u5e94\u7279\u522b\u5c0f\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u81f3\u4e8e\u9648\u57a3\u6240\u6307\u6e05\u4eba\u56e0\u907f\u5eb7\u7199\u5e1d\u5fa1\u540d\u800c\u6539\u79f0\u8303\u6654\uff08\u5b57\u851a\u5b97\uff09\u4e3a\u8303\u851a\u5b97\u4e4b\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0e\u5b9e\u60c5\u4e0d\u5408\uff08\u56fe5\uff09\u3002\u67e5\u660e\u672b\u81f3\u987a\u6cbb\u671d\u7684\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\uff0c\u5373\u5df2\u5e38\u89c1\u201c\u8303\u851a\u5b97\u201d\u4e4b\u79f0\u8c13\uff0c\u5eb7\u7199\u671d\u53ca\u4ee5\u540e\u66f4\u5c61\u89c1\u672a\u7f3a\u7b14\u7684\u201c\u8303\u6654\u201d\uff08\u867d\u4ea6\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u7f3a\u672b\u7b14\uff09\uff0c\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u540c\u4e66\u4e2d\u4ea6\u53ef\u89c1\u517c\u7528\u201c\u8303\u6654\u201d\u201c\u8303\u851a\u5b97\u201d\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\uff08\u5982\u9648\u7ee7\u5112\u5728\u5d07\u796f\u95f4\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u665a\u9999\u5802\u96c6\u300b\u4ee5\u53ca\u9ec4\u53d4\u7433\u5728\u4e7e\u9686\u5341\u4e8c\u5e74\u6240\u520a\u523b\u7684\u300a\u53f2\u901a\u8bad\u6545\u8865\u300b\uff09\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728\u7b14\u8005\u6240\u89c1\u5eb7\u7199\u671d\u7684\u5b57\u4e66\u6216\u97f5\u4e66\uff08\u5e94\u8f83\u4f1a\u53cd\u6620\u5b98\u65b9\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\uff09\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u9664\u300a\u5fa1\u5b9a\u4f69\u6587\u97f5\u5e9c\u300b\u5eb7\u7199\u523b\u672c\u5916\uff0c\u5c1a\u672a\u53d1\u73b0\u6709\u5c06\u201c\u6654\u201d\u7f3a\u7b14\u6216\u6539\u5b57\u8005\uff08\u56fe4\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u738b\u5f66\u5764\u5728\u5176\u300a\u5386\u4ee3\u907f\u8bb3\u5b57\u6c47\u5178\u300b\u4e2d\u53c8\u6309\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u81f3\u300a\u53f2\u901a\u00b7\u56e0\u4e60\u7bc7\u300b\uff1a\u201c\u8303\u6654\u65e2\u79fb\u9898\u76ee\u4e8e\u4f20\u9996\uff0c\u5217\u59d3\u540d\u4e8e\u5377\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u72b9\u4e8e\u5217\u4f20\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u6ce8\u4e3a\u300a\u5217\u5973\u300b\u300a\u9ad8\u9690\u300b\u7b49\u76ee\u3002\u201d\u94b1\u6c0f\u300a\u517b\u65b0\u4f59\u5f55\u300b\u5377\u4e2d\u5f15\u4e4b\uff0c\u9996\u53e5\u4e43\u4f5c\u201c\u851a\u65e2\u79fb\u9898\u76ee\u4e8e\u4f20\u9996\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u79f0\u8303\u6654\u5b57\u201c\u851a\u5b97\u201d\u4e4b\u524d\u4e00\u5b57\uff0c\u5219\u5272\u88c2\u77e3\u3002[33]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u79f0\u94b1\u5927\u6615\u4ee5\u8303\u6654\u522b\u5b57\u201c\u851a\u5b97\u201d\u7684\u524d\u4e00\u5b57\u6765\u8868\u8fbe\u656c\u907f\u5fa1\u540d\u4e4b\u610f\u3002\u7136\u6b64\u6216\u4ec5\u662f\u5355\u7eaf\u6f0f\u523b\u4e86\u201c\u5b97\u201d\u5b57\uff0c\u56e0\u540c\u53f6\u6709\u4e00\u5904\u5c31\u4ee5\u201c\u851a\u5b97\u201d\u79f0\u547c\u8303\u6654\uff0c\u800c\u540c\u4e66\u53e6\u6709\u4e00\u5904\u4ee5\u201c\u8303\u851a\u5b97\u201d\u79f0\u4e4b\uff0c\u7686\u672a\u4ee5\u201c\u851a\u201d\u4ee3\u6307\u201c\u851a\u5b97\u201d\u3002[34]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u518d\u4ee5\u4f4d\u4e8e\u7d2b\u7981\u57ce\u627f\u4e7e\u5bab\u4e1c\u4fa7\u7684\u201c\u7384\u7a79\u5b9d\u6bbf\u201d\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u6709\u79f0\u5176\u5728\u5eb7\u7199\u65f6\u4e3a\u907f\u5e1d\u540d\u800c\u6539\u79f0\u201c\u5929\u7a79\u5b9d\u6bbf\u201d\uff0c\u7136\u67e5\u5eb7\u7199\u300a\u7687\u57ce\u5bab\u6bbf\u8859\u7f72\u56fe\u300b\u548c\u4e7e\u9686\u5341\u4e94\u5e74\u300a\u6e05\u5185\u52a1\u5e9c\u4eac\u57ce\u5168\u56fe\u300b\uff0c[35]\u5374\u53d1\u73b0\u5747\u8bb0\u4f5c\u201c\u7384\u7a79\u5b9d\u6bbf\u201d\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u540e\u8005\u7684\u201c\u7384\u201d\u5b57\u7f3a\u672b\u7b14\u3002\u53c8\uff0c\u56e0\u96cd\u6b63\u5143\u5e74\u4e03\u6708\u81f3\u56db\u5e74\u516d\u6708\u7684\u5185\u52a1\u5e9c\u9020\u529e\u5904\u6d3b\u8ba1\u6863\u4e2d\uff0c\u5df2\u6570\u6b21\u63d0\u53ca\u201c\u5929\u7a79\u5b9d\u6bbf\u201d\u6216\u201c\u5929\u7a79\u6bbf\u201d\u4e4b\u540d\uff0c\u4e14\u4ece\u96cd\u6b63\u4e03\u5e74\u6b63\u6708\u300a\u5929\u7a79\u5b9d\u6bbf\u9648\u8bbe\u5e95\u6863\u300b\u7684\u6863\u540d[36]\u77e5\u201c\u7384\u7a79\u5b9d\u6bbf\u201d\u5728\u96cd\u6b63\u5143\u5e74\u4e03\u6708\u4e4b\u524d\u5e94\u5df2\u56e0\u907f\u8bb3\u800c\u6539\u4e66\u6210\u201c\u5929\u7a79\u5b9d\u6bbf\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u6b64\u5e76\u4e0d\u8868\u793a\u6539\u540d\u5c31\u4e00\u5b9a\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u5eb7\u7199\u5e1d\u5373\u4f4d\u4e4b\u521d\u3002\u53e6\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4e7e\u9686\u300a\u6e05\u5185\u52a1\u5e9c\u4eac\u57ce\u5168\u56fe\u300b\u4e0a\u7684\u5341\u591a\u5904\u201c\u7384\u201d\u5b57\uff08\u5982\u5927\u9ad8\u7384\u6bbf\u3001\u5d07\u7384\u95e8\u3001\u7384\u5e1d\u5e99\u3001\u5b8f\u7384\u5eb5\u7b49\uff1b\u53c2\u89c1\u56fe6\uff09\uff0c\u5747\u53ea\u7f3a\u7b14\u800c\u672a\u6539\u540d\uff0c\u77e5\u5bab\u4e2d\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u987a\u6cbb\u5e1d\u5174\u5efa\u6216\u547d\u540d\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\uff0c\u5728\u53e3\u8bed\u65f6\u5e76\u4e0d\u907f\u5eb7\u7199\u5e1d\u7684\u5fa1\u540d\u3002\u800c\u201c\u5929\u7a79\u5b9d\u6bbf\u201d\u4e4b\u540d\u867d\u6539\uff0c\u4f46\u5185\u5ef7\u6216\u4ecd\u4e60\u60ef\u4ee5\u65e7\u540d\u201c\u7384\u7a79\u5b9d\u6bbf\u201d\u79f0\u4e4b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"781\" height=\"985\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_6-rotated.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-24847\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_6-rotated.jpg 781w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_6-238x300.jpg 238w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_6-768x969.jpg 768w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_6-10x12.jpg 10w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 781px) 100vw, 781px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">\u56fe5\u3000\u6e05\u4ee3\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u5bf9\u201c\u8303\u6654\u201d\u7684\u5199\u6cd5<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"718\" height=\"859\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_7-edited.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-24849\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_7-edited.jpg 718w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_7-edited-251x300.jpg 251w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_7-edited-10x12.jpg 10w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 718px) 100vw, 718px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p 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class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"729\" height=\"916\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_8-rotated.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-24914\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_8-rotated.jpg 729w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_8-239x300.jpg 239w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_8-10x12.jpg 10w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 729px) 100vw, 729px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p 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5]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>6.\u5eb7\u7199\u5e1d\u4e8e\u5341\u4e03\u5e74\u516b\u6708\u521d\u516d\u65e5\u9080\u5927\u81e3\u89c2\u897f\u6d0b\u8fdb\u8d21\u72ee\u5b50\uff0c\u53f6\u65b9\u972d\u3001\u9648\u5ef7\u656c\u3001\u5f20\u82f1\u3001\u9ad8\u58eb\u5947\u7686\u6709\u8bd7\u8bb0\u5176\u5730\u70b9\u5728\u795e\u6b66\u95e8\uff08\u56fe7\uff09\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5eb7\u7199\u4e8c\u5341\u56db\u5e74\uff081685\uff09\u987e\u6c67\u7684\u300a\u666f\u5c71\u4f8d\u5bb4\u300b\u3001[46]\u4e09\u5341\u4e8c\u5e74\uff081693\uff09\u63c6\u53d9\u7684\u300a\u548f\u95e8\u795e\u6b21\u67e5\u592b\u5b50\u97f5\u300b\u3001\u4e94\u5341\u4e8c\u5e74\uff081713\uff09\u9b4f\u8354\u5f64\u7684\u300a\u6c34\u6f6e\u53e3\u767b\u821f\u665a\u884c\u5fc6\u4eac\u5e08\u300b\u3001\u9648\u9e4f\u5e74\u5e74\u8c31\u4e2d\u4e94\u5341\u4e5d\u5e74\uff081720\uff09\u7684\u5730\u9707\u8bb0\u4e8b\uff0c\u7686\u51fa\u73b0\u201c\u795e\u6b66\u95e8\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\uff0c\u4e14\u738b\u7199\u81ea\u64b0\u5e74\u8c31\u4ea6\u8bb0\u4e8c\u5341\u56db\u5e74\u95f0\u4e03\u6708\u4e8c\u5341\u4e8c\u65e5\u201c\u4e0a\u5de1\u5e78\u8fb9\u5916\u51fa\u795e\u6b66\u95e8\u201d\uff0c\u77e5\u5728\u5eb7\u7199\u5341\u4e03\u5e74\u516b\u6708\u4e4b\u524d\u6b64\u95e8\u5df2\u6539\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7efc\u524d\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u201c\u7384\u6b66\u95e8\u201d\u6539\u540d\u201c\u795e\u6b66\u95e8\u201d\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u5eb7\u7199\u4e09\u5e74\u81f3\u5341\u4e00\u5e74\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"997\" height=\"636\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_9.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-24915\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_9.jpg 997w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_9-300x191.jpg 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_9-768x490.jpg 768w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_9-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 997px) 100vw, 997px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">\u56fe8\u3000\u987e\u666f\u661f\u300a\u767d\u8305\u5802\u96c6\u300b\u5eb7\u7199\u95f4\u523b\u672c\u4e2d\u201c\u7384\u201d\u5b57\u7684\u8868\u8ff0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f46\u201c\u7384\u6b66\u95e8\u201d\u6216\u201c\u5143\u6b66\u95e8\u201d\u4e4b\u540d\u5e94\u81f3\u5341\u4e03\u3001\u5341\u516b\u5e74\u4ecd\u6709\u4eba\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5982\u987e\u666f\u661f\u300a\u767d\u8305\u5802\u96c6\u300b\u4e2d\u8d4b\u4e8e\u5eb7\u7199\u5341\u516b\u5e74\uff081679\uff09\u7684\u300a\u4e07\u5c81\u5c71\u300b\uff08\u666f\u5c71\u6216\u7164\u5c71\u4e4b\u522b\u540d\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u89c1\u201c\u7981\u57ce\u671d\u65e5\u655e\u66c8\u663d\uff0c\u5143\u6b66\u95e8\u524d\u671b\u90c1\u8471\u201d\u53e5\uff08\u56fe7\uff09\u3002[47]\u987e\u6c0f\u662f\u5728\u6b64\u5e74\u6b63\u6708\u624d\u5e94\u535a\u5b66\u9e3f\u5112\u8bcf\u62b5\u4eac\uff0c\u6545\u6216\u8fd8\u4e0d\u592a\u4e60\u60ef\u65b0\u79f0\u8c13\uff0c\u9042\u4ecd\u5728\u8bd7\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u65e7\u540d\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5c06\u201c\u7384\u201d\u5b57\u907f\u6539\u6210\u201c\u5143\u201d\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u300a\u767d\u8305\u5802\u96c6\u300b\u5eb7\u7199\u523b\u672c\u6709\u903e\u767e\u5904\u51fa\u73b0\u201c\u7384\u201d\u5b57\uff0c\u5168\u90fd\u4ee5\u5404\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u656c\u907f\u5fa1\u540d\uff1a\u5927\u591a\u7f3a\u672b\u7b14\uff0c\u4f46\u4ea6\u53ef\u89c1\u6539\u201c\u7384\u201d\u4e3a\u201c\u5143\u201d\uff0c\u6216\u523b\u4f5c\u201c\u201d\uff08\u5f62\u4f3c\u201c\u7384\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u672a\u7f3a\u7b14\uff09\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\uff08\u56fe8\uff09\uff0c\u4e14\u540c\u4e00\u540d\u8bcd\uff08\u5982\u201c\u90d1\u7384\u201d\u201c\u7384\u6b66\u201d\u201c\u7384\u9e1f\u201d\u201c\u7384\u51a5\u201d\u201c\u7384\u9f9f\u201d\u7b49\uff09\u7684\u907f\u8bb3\u4e4b\u6cd5\u5e38\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u6b64\u5e94\u53ea\u662f\u4e34\u6587\u7684\u968f\u6027\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u53f6\u65b9\u972d\u3001\u9648\u5ef7\u656c\u3001\u5f20\u82f1\u3001\u9ad8\u58eb\u5947\u7b49\u4eba\u5728\u5341\u4e03\u5e74\u516b\u6708\u89c2\u897f\u6d0b\u8d21\u72ee\u65f6\uff0c\u6240\u8d4b\u8bd7\u4e2d\u4f55\u4ee5\u5168\u8bb0\u5730\u70b9\u4e3a\u201c\u795e\u6b66\u95e8\u201d\uff1f\u5219\u6216\u56e0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7686\u4e3a\u81e3\u50da\u5949\u7687\u5e1d\u4e4b\u547d\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\u5e94\u5236\u8bd7\uff0c\u5e26\u6709\u6d53\u539a\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u8272\u5f69\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u4f1a\u7279\u522b\u6ce8\u610f\u4f7f\u7528\u5df2\u6b63\u5f0f\u66f4\u6539\u7684\u65b0\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"715\" height=\"891\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_10-rotated.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-24916\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_10-rotated.jpg 715w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_10-241x300.jpg 241w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_10-10x12.jpg 10w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 715px) 100vw, 715px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p 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class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"799\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_11-rotated.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-24917\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_11-rotated.jpg 799w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_11-234x300.jpg 234w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_11-768x984.jpg 768w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_11-9x12.jpg 9w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 799px) 100vw, 799px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">\u56fe10\u3000\u5eb7\u7199\u671d\u5b57\u4e66\u6216\u97f5\u4e66\u4e2d\u5bf9\u5fa1\u540d\u7684\u5199\u6cd5<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"967\" height=\"760\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_12.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-24918\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_12.jpg 967w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_12-300x236.jpg 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_12-768x604.jpg 768w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_12-15x12.jpg 15w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 967px) 100vw, 967px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p 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loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"21\" height=\"22\" src=\"\">\u201d\u5b57\u5374\u5747\u65e0\u7f3a\u7b14\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u660e\u523b\u7684\u300a\u56db\u58f0\u7bc7\u6d77\u300b\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u201c\u7384\u201d\u5b57\u672a\u7f3a\u7b14\uff0c\u4e14\u4e66\u4e2d\u53ea\u89c1\u201c\u6ecb\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u201c<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"24\" height=\"25\" src=\"\">\u201d\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5eb7\u7199\u516d\u5e74\u300a\u5e7f\u97f5\u300b\u4ee5\u53ca\u5eb7\u7199\u516b\u5e74\u300a\u5b57\u5b66\u6b63\u672c\u300b\u5747\u672a\u907f\u201c\u7384\u201d\u5b57\uff1b\u5eb7\u7199\u5341\u516d\u5e74\u300a\u8c10\u58f0\u54c1\u5b57\u7b3a\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u7384\u201d\u5b57\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u7f3a\u7b14\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u4e0d\u7f3a\uff1b\u5eb7\u7199\u56db\u5341\u4e94\u5e74\u300a\u96c6\u97f5\u300b\u4ea6\u4f5c\u201c\u7386\u201d\u201c\u201d\u3002\u77e5\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u674e\u711e\u6539\u7acb\u738b\u5983\u7684\u5f53\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4ea6\u5c11\u6709\u4eba\u4e8e\u5199\u201c\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u4ee5\u7f3a\u4e24\u201c\u7384\u201d\u5b57\u672b\u7b14\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u656c\u907f\u5e1d\u540d\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u56fe10\uff09\u3002[62]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u66f4\u6709\u751a\u8005\uff0c\u5eb7\u7199\u671d\u4ea6\u65e0\u907f\u7687\u592a\u5b50\u80e4\u793d\uff08\u672b\u5b57\u97f3\u201c\u6210\u201d\uff0c\u6ee1\u8bed\u97f3\u4e3a\u201c<em>ceng<\/em>\u201d\uff1b\u5341\u56db\u5e74\u518c\u5c01\uff0c\u56db\u5341\u4e03\u5e74\u5e9f\uff0c\u56db\u5341\u516b\u5e74\u590d\u7acb\uff0c\u4e94\u5341\u4e00\u5e74\u518d\u5e9f\uff09\u540d\u8bb3\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\uff0c\u201c\u80e4\u201d\u662f\u7384\u70e8\u8bf8\u5b50\u5171\u540c\u7684\u884c\u5b57\uff0c\u6545\u5728\u5eb7\u7199\u671d\u7684\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u4e0d\u96be\u89c1\u5230\u672a\u8bb3\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\uff08\u5982\u56fe13\uff09\u3002\u7136\u56e0\u80e4\u793d\u62c5\u4efb\u50a8\u541b\u7684\u4e09\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u95f4\u4eab\u6709\u6781\u9ad8\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5176\u670d\u9970\u3001\u4eea\u4ed7\u3001\u5668\u7528\u591a\u4e0e\u7687\u5e1d\u7684\u89c4\u683c\u76f8\u5dee\u65e0\u51e0\uff0c\u4e14\u6bcf\u5e74\u9022\u4e07\u5bff\u8282\u3001\u51ac\u81f3\u3001\u5143\u65e6\u53ca\u7687\u592a\u5b50\u5343\u79cb\u8282\uff0c\u8bf8\u738b\u3001\u8d1d\u52d2\u3001\u6587\u6b66\u5927\u81e3\u9664\u5411\u7687\u5e1d\u884c\u4e09\u8dea\u4e5d\u53e9\u5927\u793c\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u518d\u8d74\u4e1c\u5bab\u5411\u7687\u592a\u5b50\u884c\u4e8c\u8dea\u516d\u53e9\u793c\uff0c[63]\u6545\u65f6\u4eba\u4ea6\u6709\u4e3b\u52a8\u907f\u5176\u540d\u8bb3\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\uff0c\u6e05\u521d\u8bcd\u5b66\u5927\u5bb6\u7eb3\u5170\u6210\u5fb7\u5373\u56e0\u6b64\u5c06\u5df1\u540d\u7684\u6ee1\u6587\uff08\u97f3<em>cengde<\/em>\uff09\u6539\u4e3a\uff08\u97f3<em>singde<\/em>\uff09\u3002[64]\u53c8\uff0c\u5eb7\u7199\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\uff081681\uff09\u4ee5\u4e3e\u4eba\u77e5\u9e9f\u6e38\u53bf\u7684\u8d39\u7eac\u793d\uff0c\u6216\u5728\u51fa\u4ed5\u524d\u4ea6\u81ea\u884c\u6539\u540d\u4e3a\u7eac\u7979\uff08\u56fe13\uff09\u3002[65]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"759\" height=\"946\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_18-rotated.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-24920\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_18-rotated.jpg 759w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_18-241x300.jpg 241w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_18-10x12.jpg 10w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 759px) 100vw, 759px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">\u56fe12\u3000\u671d\u9c9c\u8083\u5b97\u8bf7\u5c01\u4fa7\u5ba4\u5f20\u6c0f\u4e4b\u53f2\u6599<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"802\" height=\"1005\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_19-rotated.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-24921\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_19-rotated.jpg 802w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_19-239x300.jpg 239w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_19-768x962.jpg 768w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_19-10x12.jpg 10w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 802px) 100vw, 802px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">\u56fe13\u3000\u5eb7\u7199\u671d\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u5bf9\u201c\u80e4\u201d\u548c\u201c\u793d\u201d\u7684\u5199\u6cd5<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u656c\u907f\u7687\u592a\u5b50\u80e4\u793d\u540d\u8bb3\u7684\u5eb7\u7199\u65f6\u4eba\u6709\u5c06\u5176\u884c\u5b57\u201c\u80e4\u201d\uff08\u8d77\u7b14\u4f5c\u6487\uff0c\u672b\u7b14\u4e3a\u4e00\u7ad6\u66f2\u94a9\uff09\u6539\u7528\u4fd7\u5b57\u6216\u5f02\u4f53\u5b57\uff1a\u5982\u5728\u8d77\u7b14\u4e0a\u52a0\u4e00\u6487\u6216\u6539\u6210\u201c\u5f73\u201d\uff0c\u6216\u5c06\u672b\u7b14\u4e0a\u52a0\u4e00\u6487\uff1b\u4e5f\u6709\u7565\u53bb\u8d77\u7b14\u3001\u7f3a\u907f\u672b\u7b14\u6216\u7565\u53bb\u672b\u7b14\u66f2\u94a9\u8005\uff08\u56fe13\u53ca14\uff09\uff1b[66]\u4ea6\u6709\u5c06\u201c\u80e4\u201d\u7684\u5f02\u4f53\u5b57\u201c\u201d\u5220\u53bb\u4e24\u65c1\uff0c\u4ee5\u201c\u80b2\u201d\u4ee3\u4e4b\u8005\uff08\u89c1\u540e\u6587\uff09\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u201c\u793d\u201d\u5b57\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u89c1\u6539\u7528\u201c\u4ecd\u201d\u5b57\uff0c\u6216\u5c06\u90e8\u9996\u201c\u793b\u201d\u7f3a\u7b14\u6539\u6210\u201c<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"27\" height=\"28\" src=\"\">\u201d\uff0c\u6216\u4f7f\u7528\u4fd7\u4f53\u7684\u201c<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"23\" height=\"24\" src=\"\">\u201d\uff08\u56fe13\u53ca15\uff1b\u4e24\u5b57\u7686\u672a\u89c1\u4e8e\u4e00\u822c\u4e4b\u5f02\u4f53\u5b57\u5b57\u5178\uff09\u3002[67]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f46\u5e94\u5426\u907f\u4e1c\u5bab\u540d\u8bb3\u5e76\u65e0\u5f8b\u4ee4\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u4e24\u5e7f\u603b\u7763\u91d1\u5149\u7956\u4e8e\u5eb7\u7199\u4e09\u5341\u516d\u5e74\uff081697\uff09\u7e82\u4fee\u7684\u300a\u5e7f\u4e1c\u901a\u5fd7\u300b\u5373\u4e0d\u66fe\u907f\u201c\u80e4\u201d\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u8bb0\u725b\u809a\u6e7e\u5de1\u68c0\u53f8\u90b9\u80e4\u793d\u65f6\uff0c\u4ea6\u672a\u5c06\u201c\u80e4\u793d\u201d\u4e8c\u5b57\u907f\u6539\u3002[68]\u6e05\u4ee3\u6587\u732e\u8bb0\u5929\u542f\u5e74\u95f4\u77e5\u7535\u767d\u53bf\u7684\u201c\u5415\u80e4\u793d\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u89c1\u6539\u201c\u80e4\u201d\u4e3a\u201c\u5141\u201d\u201c\u5370\u201d\uff0c\u6216\u5e72\u8106\u5220\u53bb\u201c\u80e4\u201d\u5b57\u53d8\u6210\u5355\u540d\uff0c\u6216\u6539\u201c\u793d\u201d\u4e3a\u201c\u4ecd\u201d\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u5199\u6cd5\uff08\u56fe15\uff09\u3002\u53c8\uff0c\u671d\u9c9c\u8083\u5b97\u5373\u4f7f\u56e0\u5eb7\u7199\u4e8c\u5341\u516b\u5e74\u7acb\u5983\u594f\u6587\u4e2d\u672a\u907f\u6e05\u8bb3\u800c\u906d\u5207\u8d23\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5728\u4e09\u5341\u516b\u5e74\u4ecd\u5c01\u6b21\u5b50\u674e\u6611\uff081694\u20141776\uff09\u4e3a\u5ef6\u793d\u541b\uff0c[69]\u6b64\u4e0e\u5f53\u65f6\u7687\u592a\u5b50\u80e4\u793d\u4e4b\u540d\u72af\u91cd\u4e00\u5b57\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5eb7\u7199\u5341\u516d\u5e74\u520a\u523b\u7684\u300a\u8c10\u58f0\u54c1\u5b57\u7b3a\u300b\u3001\u56db\u5341\u4e09\u5e74\uff081704\uff09\u7684\u300a\u5e7f\u97f5\u300b\u4ee5\u53ca\u56db\u5341\u4e94\u5e74\u626c\u5dde\u4f7f\u9662\u91cd\u523b\u7684\u300a\u96c6\u97f5\u300b\u7b49\u4e66\uff0c\u867d\u5747\u51fa\u7248\u4e8e\u80e4\u793d\u4efb\u7687\u592a\u5b50\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4f46\u4ea6\u672a\u6539\u6613\u201c\u793d\u201d\u5b57\u6216\u5c06\u4e4b\u7f3a\u7b14\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"394\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_22-1024x394.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-24922\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_22-1024x394.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_22-300x116.jpg 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_22-768x296.jpg 768w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_22-18x7.jpg 18w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_22.jpg 1288w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">\u56fe14\u3000\u987a\u6cbb\u671d\u520a\u523b\u65b9\u5fd7\u4e2d\u5bf9\u201c\u80e4\u201d\u7684\u5199\u6cd5<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8083\u5b97\u5341\u516d\u5e74\uff08\u5eb7\u7199\u4e8c\u5341\u4e5d\u5e74\uff0c1690\uff09\u6b63\u6708\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u65e5\u6e05\u4f7f\u5ba3\u5f20\u6c0f\u8bf0\u547d\uff0c\u7136\u56e0\u8083\u5b97\u5f97\u4e3a\u5341\u56db\u5e74\u516b\u6708\u75c5\u5352\u7684\u66fe\u7956\u6bcd\u5e84\u70c8\u738b\u540e\u5b88\u5b5d\u4e8c\u5341\u4e03\u4e2a\u6708\uff0c\u6545\u81f3\u5341\u516d\u5e74\u5341\u6708\u4e8c\u5341\u4e8c\u65e5\u59cb\u6b63\u5f0f\u4e3a\u5f20\u6c0f\u884c\u518c\u7acb\u738b\u5983\u793c\uff0c\u800c\u8083\u5b97\u5728\u518c\u6587\u4e2d\u4ecd\u79f0\u5979\u201c\u5fb7\u51a0\u540e\u5bab\u2026\u2026\u6bcd\u4ee5\u5b50\u8d35\u201d\uff0c\u8fd8\u6570\u5ea6\u7528\u201c\u5179\u201d\u5b57\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5220\u53bb\u539f\u594f\u6587\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u4e14\u751f\u80e4\u5b50\u201d\u53e5\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u7528\u4e1c\u5bab\u540d\u8bb3\u7684\u9996\u5b57\u201c\u80e4\u201d\uff08\u56fe12\uff09\u3002[70]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"482\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_23-1024x482.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-24923\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_23-1024x482.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_23-300x141.jpg 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_23-768x361.jpg 768w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_23-18x8.jpg 18w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_23.jpg 1288w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">\u56fe15 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class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"949\" height=\"712\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_24.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-24924\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_24.jpg 949w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_24-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_24-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_24-16x12.jpg 16w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 949px) 100vw, 949px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p 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6fd\u65b9\u5fd7\u5e93\u201d\u7684\u5171503\u79cd\u4e7e\u9686\u671d\u65b9\u5fd7\u523b\u672c\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u57282,437\u4e2a\u201c\u7384\u201d\u5b57\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709322\u4e2a\u4e0d\u907f\u8bb3\uff08\u7ea6\u536013%\uff09\uff0c\u77e5\u6f0f\u907f\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0d\u96be\u89c1\u5230\u3002\u4f46\u6574\u672c\u4e66\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u672a\u907f\u201c\u7384\u201d\u5b57\u8005\uff0c\u4ec5\u53d1\u73b0\u4e7e\u9686\u5341\u516d\u5e74\u7684\u300a\u6c38\u5b81\u53bf\u5fd7\u300b\uff087\u4e2a\u7686\u672a\u907f\uff09\u53ca\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u300a\u6cf8\u6eaa\u53bf\u5fd7\u300b\uff0815\u4e2a\u672a\u907f\uff0c1\u4e2a\u7f3a\u672b\u7b14\uff09\u7b49\u5c11\u6570\u51e0\u672c\u3002\u7efc\u524d\u6240\u8bba\uff0c\u8bb3\u4f8b\u7684\u9881\u5e03\u65f6\u95f4\u663e\u7136\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u65ad\u4ee3\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u754c\u7ebf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u81f3\u4e8e\u201c\u7384\u201d\u5b57\u7684\u907f\u8bb3\uff0c\u867d\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7f3a\u672b\u7b14\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u96cd\u6b63\u671d\u5fd7\u4e66\u4e2d\u4ea6\u96f6\u661f\u51fa\u73b0\u7f3a\u9996\u7b14\u8005\uff0c\u7136\u56e0\u5176\u6570\u91cf\u4e0d\u591a\uff0c\u6545\u521d\u672a\u80fd\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u5236\u4f5c\u96d5\u7248\u65f6\u7684\u4e0d\u614e\u5931\u8bef\u3002\u60df\u7b14\u8005\u5728\u4e7e\u9686\u4e5d\u5e74\uff081744\uff09\u300a\u4e0a\u9976\u53bf\u5fd7\u300b\u768427\u4e2a\u201c\u7384\u201d\u5b57\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u670917\u4e2a\u7f3a\u9996\u7b14\uff0c8\u4e2a\u7f3a\u672b\u7b14\uff0c2\u4e2a\u672a\u907f\uff1b\u4e7e\u9686\u4e8c\u5e74\uff081737\uff09\u300a\u5b81\u5dde\u5fd7\u300b\u768419\u4e2a\u201c\u7384\u201d\u5b57\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u7f3a\u9996\u7b14\u800514\u4e2a\uff0c\u7f3a\u672b\u7b145\u4e2a\uff1b\u53c8\uff0c\u4e7e\u9686\u4e8c\u5341\u516b\u5e74\uff081763\uff09\u300a\u6ec7\u9ed4\u5fd7\u7565\u300b\u768413\u4e2a\u201c\u7384\u201d\u5b57\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u66f4\u53ef\u89c110\u4e2a\u7f3a\u9996\u7b14\u53ca\u672b\u7b14\uff0c\u5176\u4f593\u4e2a\u7f3a\u672b\u7b14\u3002\u77e5\u7f3a\u9996\u7b14\u4ee5\u53ca\u540c\u65f6\u7f3a\u9996\u672b\u7b14\u7684\u201c\u7384\u201d\u5b57\uff0c\u4ea6\u5747\u4e3a\u907f\u8bb3\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f\uff08\u56fe17\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u6b64\u4e24\u79cd\u5148\u524d\u4e0d\u592a\u4e3a\u4eba\u77e5\u7684\u5b57\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c55\u73b0\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u907f\u8bb3\u7684\u591a\u6837\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"936\" height=\"709\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_25.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-24925\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_25.jpg 936w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_25-300x227.jpg 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_25-768x582.jpg 768w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_25-16x12.jpg 16w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 936px) 100vw, 936px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">\u56fe17\u3000\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u7f3a\u9996\u7b14\u3001\u672b\u7b14\u4ee5\u53ca\u9996\u672b\u7b14\u7686\u7f3a\u7684\u201c\u7384\u201d\u5b57<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u524d\u8ff0\u4e4b\u5d2d\u65b0\u8ba4\u77e5\u5bf9\u53e4\u4e66\u7248\u672c\u9274\u5b9a\u5e94\u4ea7\u751f\u91cd\u8981\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5982\u4ee5\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u6240\u85cf\u7531\u70df\u971e\u9038\u58eb\uff08\u5e94\u5373\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u9633\u76f4\u4ecb\u7b26\u5218\u5148\u751f\u201d\u7684\u5218\u748b\uff09\u7f16\u6b21\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u300a\u5de7\u8054\u73e0\u300b\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5176\u524d\u5e8f\u7f72\u201c\u7678\u536f\u69d0\u590f\u201d\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5168\u4e66\u4e0d\u8bb3\u201c\u7384\u201d\uff0c\u5148\u524d\u5b66\u754c\u9042\u4ee5\u5176\u6210\u4e66\u53ca\u520a\u523b\u5f53\u5728\u987a\u6cbb\u671d\u6216\u5eb7\u7199\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u63a8\u65ad\u6b64\u201c\u7678\u536f\u201d\u5f53\u662f\u5eb7\u7199\u4e8c\u5e74\u3002\u7136\u56e0\u5218\u748b\u4e3a\u5eb7\u7199\u4e09\u5341\u4e94\u5e74\uff081696\uff09\u4e3e\u4eba\uff0c\u96cd\u6b63\u5143\u5e74\u201c\u5e74\u5c06\u8033\u987a\u201d\u65f6\u59cb\u83b7\u6388\u6df1\u6cfd\u53bf\u4ee4\uff0c\u6545\u6709\u79f0\u201c\u5218\u748b\u4e3a\u6b64\u4e66\u4f5c\u8005\u8bf4\u6050\u96be\u4ee5\u6210\u7acb\u201d\u3002[82]\u60df\u636e\u672c\u6587\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u77e5\u6e05\u8bb3\u5728\u96cd\u6b63\u5143\u5e74\u590f\u5c1a\u672a\u4e25\u8ba2\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\uff0c\u4e0d\u907f\u201c\u7384\u201d\u5b57\u7684\u300a\u5de7\u8054\u73e0\u300b\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5e8f\u520a\u4e8e\u96cd\u6b63\u5143\u5e74\u7678\u536f\u5c81\uff0c\u6b64\u4e0e\u5218\u748b\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65f6\u4ee3\u5373\u65e0\u77db\u76fe\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5218\u748b\uff08\u53c8\u53f7\u70df\u971e\u6563\u4eba\u3001\u6a35\u4e91\u5c71\u4eba\uff09\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u672c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u300a\u98de\u82b1\u8273\u60f3\u300b\uff0c\u56e0\u201c\u7384\u201d\u5b57\u7686\u4e0d\u7f3a\u7b14\uff0c\u4e14\u4f5c\u8005\u81ea\u5e8f\u7cfb\u4e8e\u201c\u5c81\u5728\u5df1\u9149\uff08\u5eb7\u7199\u516b\u5e74\u6216\u96cd\u6b63\u4e03\u5e74\uff09\u83ca\u6708\u672a\u671b\u201d\uff0c\u6545\u540c\u6837\u88ab\u665a\u8fd1\u5b66\u8005\u8d28\u7591\u5218\u6c0f\u4e0d\u662f\u8be5\u4e66\u7684\u521b\u7f16\u8005\u3002\u6b64\u4e8b\u4e5f\u8be5\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u96cd\u6b63\u671d\u4e2d\u665a\u671f\u7684\u6587\u672c\u4ecd\u5c61\u53ef\u89c1\u672a\u907f\u201c\u7384\u201d\u5b57\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\uff08\u56fe18\uff09\uff0c\u77e5\u5218\u748b\u5728\u96cd\u6b63\u4e03\u5e74\u5e8f\u520a\u300a\u98de\u82b1\u8273\u60f3\u300b\u786e\u5c5e\u53ef\u80fd\u3002[83]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"724\" height=\"898\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_26-rotated.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-24926\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_26-rotated.jpg 724w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_26-242x300.jpg 242w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_26-10x12.jpg 10w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 724px) 100vw, 724px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">\u56fe18\u3000\u96cd\u3001\u4e7e\u65b9\u5fd7\u4e2d\u672a\u907f\u8bb3\u7684\u201c\u7384\u201d\u5b57<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u7b14\u8005\u5728\u6b64\u6587\u4e2d\u4e5f\u5bf9\u524d\u4eba\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u8bef\u89e3\u52a0\u4ee5\u5398\u6b63\uff0c\u6216\u5bf9\u4e0d\u89e3\u4e4b\u5904\u63d0\u51fa\u5408\u7406\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a\u5982\u5148\u524d\u4e0d\u77e5\u987a\u6cbb\uff08\u5b9e\u4e3a\u5609\u5e86\uff09\u5e1d\u4e3a\u4f55\u547d\u81e3\u6c11\u5982\u6709\u201c\u4ee5\u666f\u5b57\u3001\u6cf0\u5b57\u547d\u540d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0b\u4e00\u5b57\u7cfb\u9f84\u3001\u6797\u7b49\u5b57\u201d\u8005\uff0c\u6216\u6307\u539f\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u7b56\u4e39\u3001\u7389\u798f\u201d\u8005\uff0c\u53ef\u66f4\u540d\uff1b\u53c8\uff0c\u5609\u5e86\u5e1d\u4f55\u4ee5\u547d\u5e38\u9f84\u6539\u540d\u5e38\u5b89\uff1b\u53e6\uff0c\u6d59\u6c5f\u592a\u5e73\u53bf\u4eba\u6731\u5143\u80b2\u540d\u4e2d\u7684\u672b\u5b57\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u907f\u5eb7\u7199\u5e1d\u4e1c\u5bab\u540d\u4e4b\u9996\u5b57\u201c\u201d\uff08\u201c\u80e4\u201d\u4e4b\u5f02\u4f53\u5b57\uff09\u800c\u5220\u5176\u4e24\u65c1\u6240\u81f4\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5468\u5e7f\u4e1a\u6240\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u907f\u5929\u542f\u5e1d\u4e1c\u5bab\u6731\u6148\u7134\u7684\u540d\u8bb3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u62d9\u6587\u4e2d\u4ea6\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u7bc7\u5e45\u805a\u7126\u5728\u6e05\u671d\u552f\u4e00\u88ab\u516c\u5f00\u518c\u7acb\u5374\u53c8\u4e24\u5ea6\u906d\u5e9f\u9edc\u7684\u7687\u592a\u5b50\u80e4\u793d\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5eb7\u7199\u671d\u5e76\u672a\u9881\u5e03\u656c\u907f\u4e1c\u5bab\u540d\u8bb3\u7684\u5f8b\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u5f53\u65f6\u793e\u4f1a\u4ecd\u6709\u4eba\u5c06\u5176\u89c6\u540c\u5fa1\u540d\uff0c\u4e3b\u52a8\u4ee5\u5404\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u907f\u6539\u3002\u4e14\u5eb7\u7199\u5e1d\u8fd8\u66fe\u4e3a\u4f7f\u85e9\u5c5e\u56fd\u5bf9\u201c\u4e8b\u5927\u4e4b\u793c\u201d\u5e94\u66f4\u52a0\u656c\u8c28\uff0c\u5207\u8d23\u671d\u9c9c\u8083\u5b97\u7684\u594f\u6587\u672a\u907f\u80e4\u793d\u540d\u3002\u4ea6\u5373\uff0c\u6e05\u4ee3\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u4ee5\u7f3a\u7b14\u65b9\u5f0f\u907f\u8bb3\u7684\u201c\u80e4\u201d\u5b57\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u8d77\u81ea\u96cd\u6b63\u5e1d\u80e4\u799b\u7684\u767b\u57fa\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u80e4\u793d\u88ab\u518c\u7acb\u4e1c\u5bab\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4f46\u6b64\u5e94\u591a\u5c5e\u81ea\u4e3b\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"924\" height=\"546\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_27.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-24927\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_27.jpg 924w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_27-300x177.jpg 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_27-768x454.jpg 768w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_27-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 924px) 100vw, 924px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">\u88681\u3000\u6e05\u521d\u8bb3\u5b57\u4e0e\u65ad\u4ee3\u7684\u5173\u7cfb<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u81f3\u4e8e\u6e05\u4ee3\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u6240\u51fa\u73b0\u201c\u7384\u201d\u201c\u70e8\u201d\u201c\u80e4\u201d\u201c\u793d\u201d\u7b49\u5b57\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u53d8\u4f53\u662f\u5426\u4e0e\u907f\u8bb3\u76f8\u5173\uff1f\u4ee5\u907f\u8bb3\u65ad\u4ee3\u7684\u6548\u529b\u7a76\u7adf\u53ef\u8fbe\u5230\u4f55\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff08\u88681\uff09\uff1f\u7b14\u8005\u5728\u6b64\u6587\u4e5f\u5c1d\u8bd5\u501f\u52a9\u5927\u6570\u636e\u7684\u65b0\u73af\u5883\u505a\u4e86\u8f83\u524d\u4eba\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u4e14\u5168\u9762\u7684\u63a2\u8ba8\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u907f\u8bb3\u6709\u65f6\u867d\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u4fd7\u4f53\u6216\u5f02\u4f53\u5b57\uff0c\u4f46\u82e5\u51fa\u73b0\u6b64\u79cd\u7528\u5b57\uff0c\u5219\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u5c5e\u907f\u8bb3\uff0c\u60df\u7f3a\u7b14\u5c31\u8f83\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u656c\u907f\u6240\u81f4\u3002\u53c8\uff0c\u4e00\u6587\u672c\u7684\u65ad\u4ee3\u5e94\u6700\u597d\u80fd\u6574\u4f53\u8003\u8651\u6240\u6709\u76f8\u5173\u8bb3\u5b57\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e86\u89e3\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u662f\u5426\u8c28\u5b88\u8bb3\u4f8b\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4ec5\u6839\u636e\u4e00\u5b57\u7684\u5448\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c31\u5f84\u884c\u5f97\u51fa\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002[84]\u518d\u8005\uff0c\u6b32\u9274\u5b9a\u53e4\u7c4d\u7248\u672c\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u8bb3\u5b57\u7684\u907f\u5426\u52a0\u4e0a\u76f8\u5173\u8bb3\u6cd5\u7684\u9881\u5e03\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u6982\u7565\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u9650\uff0c\u6b64\u56e0\u8bb3\u6cd5\u6df1\u5165\u793e\u4f1a\u5f80\u5f80\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u6bb5\u4e0d\u7b97\u77ed\u7684\u5021\u5bfc\u671f\u6216\u9002\u5e94\u671f\uff08\u5982\u96cd\u3001\u4e7e\u65b9\u5fd7\u4e2d\u5373\u4ecd\u5076\u53ef\u89c1\u672a\u907f\u8bb3\u7684\u201c\u7384\u201d\u5b57\uff1b\u56fe18\uff09\uff0c\u4e14\u5bf9\u5f53\u671d\u7687\u5e1d\u540d\u7684\u656c\u907f\u901a\u5e38\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e25\u8c28\uff0c\u6545\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u597d\u8fd8\u8981\u4ece\u7248\u5f0f\u3001\u7eb8\u58a8\u3001\u5b57\u4f53\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u7efc\u5408\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u4e0d\u7136\u5c31\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u72af\u4e0b\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"771\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_28-771x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-24928\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_28-771x1024.jpg 771w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_28-226x300.jpg 226w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_28-768x1020.jpg 768w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_28-9x12.jpg 9w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Tu_28-rotated.jpg 793w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 771px) 100vw, 771px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">\u56fe20\u3000\u5eb7\u7199\u671d\u65b9\u5fd7\u4e2d\u7684\u7f3a\u7b14\u201c\u80e4\u201d\u5b57\u4e43\u907f\u4e1c\u5bab\u8bb3\u4e4b\u63a8\u7406\u6d41\u7a0b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ee5\u9648\u57a3\u4e3a\u9996\u7684\u524d\u8f88\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\uff0c\u52fe\u52d2\u51fa\u4ee5\u907f\u8bb3\u8fdb\u884c\u8003\u8bc1\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u9014\u5f84\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u6210\u4e3a\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u65ad\u4ee3\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c[85]\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u5148\u524d\u80fd\u591f\u8f7b\u6613\u7ecf\u773c\u6216\u53ef\u5168\u6587\u68c0\u7d22\u7684\u6587\u732e\u5747\u76f8\u5f53\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u9042\u56e0\u4e0d\u6613\u638c\u63e1\u5386\u53f2\u8bed\u5883\u91cc\u5982\u4f55\u656c\u907f\u6216\u662f\u5426\u656c\u907f\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u6b64\u9886\u57df\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u957f\u671f\u906d\u9022\u74f6\u9888\uff0c\u8fde\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u8ba4\u77e5\u4e5f\u5c61\u73b0\u8bef\u533a\u3002[86]\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd1\u5341\u51e0\u5e74\u6765\u98ce\u8d77\u4e91\u6d8c\u7684\u5927\u578b\u6587\u53f2\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3001e\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5d2d\u65b0\u7814\u7a76\u601d\u7ef4\uff08\u5982\u56fe20\u6240\u793a\uff09\uff0c[87]\u4ee5\u53ca\u5404\u5927\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u5728\u7f51\u4e0a\u6240\u516c\u5f00\u7684\u6d77\u91cf\u6587\u732e\uff0c\u90fd\u4e3a\u62d3\u5c55\u907f\u8bb3\u5b66\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u6df1\u5ea6\u4e0e\u5e7f\u5ea6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u524d\u6240\u672a\u89c1\u7684\u673a\u9047\u3002[88]\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u4e14\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u7ad9\u4e0a\u524d\u4eba\u7684\u80a9\u8180\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77\u4e3a\u907f\u8bb3\u5b66\u7684\u5b8c\u5584\u505a\u51fa\u8d21\u732e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color\" style=\"color:#8f664e\"><strong>Researching Taboo Characters in the Age of Big Data: Case Studies from the Early Qing Dynasty<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yi-Long Huang<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Abstract: <\/strong>This paper introduces how digital research methods (e-textual research) shed new light on taboo characters and challenge pre-existing scholarship on this subject. Many commonly recognized tabooing examples from the early Qing\u2014such as banning characters <em>fu <\/em>and <em>lin <\/em>in conjunction in respect of Shunzhi emperor and changing <em>Xuanwu <\/em>to <em>Shenwu <\/em>Gate as soon as Kangxi emperor ascended to the throne\u2014are inaccurate knowledge based on insufficient data. Such difficulty can now be rectified by digital research methods.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This study reveals that the Qing regime did not establish explicit tabooing regulations until the early Yongzhen period. The earliest evidence dates to the ninth day of the eleventh month in the first year of Yongzhen reign. But taboo regulations were not fully enforced overnight. Prior to this, tabooing practices were unregulated and highly inconsistent. During the Kangxi period, some people avoided the emperor&#8217;s (Xuanye) and the heir apparent&#8217;s names (Yingchen) by altering the strokes of the characters or using an alternative character. But the authors chose to do so of their own volition. On the other hand, Kangxi condemned the Joseon King Sukjong for not observing naming taboo in his memorial to the Qing. While taboo character regulations were not in place yet, the emperor did so to establish his authority and superiority towards the vassal state.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Given the complexity and ambiguity of tabooing practices during the early Qing period, I argue that taboo characters should not be used as sole evidence for dating. Furthermore, this paper highlights the extraordinary opportunity e-textual research provides for research in taboo characters.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Keywords: <\/strong>Taboo Characters; Xuanwu Gate; Shenwu Gate; Big Data; E-textual Research<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\">\uff08\u7f16\u8f91\uff1a\u8bb8\u53ef\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-medium-font-size\" style=\"color:#8f664e\">\u6ce8\u91ca:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u611f\u8c22\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u9ad8\u6811\u4f1f\u3001\u65b0\u7af9\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u5434\u56fd\u5723\u3001\u53f0\u6e7e\u201c\u4e2d\u7814\u9662\u201d\u5b54\u4ee4\u4f1f\u53ca\u8521\u5c9a\u5a77\u56db\u4f4d\u5b66\u53cb\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5b9d\u8d35\u610f\u89c1\u6216\u534f\u52a9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[1]\u90ed\u6b63\u57df\uff1a\u300a\u7687\u660e\u5178\u793c\u5fd7\u300b\u537719\uff0c\u300a\u7eed\u4fee\u56db\u5e93\u5168\u4e66\u300b\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\uff1a\u4e0a\u6d77\u53e4\u7c4d\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2002\u5e74\u5f71\u5370\u4e07\u5386\u56db\u5341\u4e00\u5e74\u520a\u672c\uff0c\u7b2c2\u20143\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[2]\u9648\u57a3\uff1a\u300a\u53f2\u8bb3\u4e3e\u4f8b\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u52b1\u8018\u4e66\u5c4b\uff0c1933\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c108\u2014109\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[3]\u675c\u5bb6\u9aa5\uff1a\u300a\u675c\u5bb6\u9aa5\u8bb2\u6e05\u4ee3\u5236\u5ea6\u300b\uff0c\u5929\u6d25\uff1a\u5929\u6d25\u53e4\u7c4d\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2014\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c297\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[4]\u674e\u81f4\u5fe0\uff1a\u300a\u53e4\u4e66\u7248\u672c\u9274\u5b9a\uff08\u91cd\u8ba2\u672c\uff09\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u5317\u4eac\u8054\u5408\u51fa\u7248\u516c\u53f8\uff0c2021\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c288\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[5]\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u738b\u5efa\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u907f\u8bb3\u5c0f\u53f2\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u957f\u5b89\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2015\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c285\u2014288\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[6]\u300a\u53e4\u672c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u96c6\u6210\u300b\u7f16\u8f91\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff1a\u300a\u53e4\u672c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u96c6\u6210\u63d0\u8981\u300b\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\uff1a\u4e0a\u6d77\u53e4\u7c4d\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2018\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c83\u201484\u3001\u7b2c86\u3001\u7b2c221\u2014222\u3001\u7b2c226\u3001\u7b2c372\u2014373\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[7]\u9ec4\u4e00\u519c\uff1a\u300a\u4e24\u5934\u86c7\uff1a\u660e\u672b\u6e05\u521d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ee3\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5f92\u300b\uff0c\u53f0\u6e7e\u65b0\u7af9\uff1a\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2014\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c266\u2014267\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[8]\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u65b9\u5fd7\u5e93\u201d\uff0c\u8bbf\u95ee\u7f51\u5740\uff1a<a href=\"http:\/\/er07.com\/home\/pro_87.html\">http:\/\/er07.com\/home\/pro_87.html<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[9]\u60dc\u56e0\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u65b9\u5fd7\u5e93\u201d\u5c06\u6539\u7b14\u3001\u589e\u7b14\u6216\u7f3a\u7b14\u7684\u8bb3\u5b57\u4e0e\u539f\u5b57\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u540c\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5206\u522b\u641c\u5bfb\uff0c\u6545\u7814\u7a76\u65f6\u5f80\u5f80\u5f97\u9010\u6761\u7ec6\u7a76\u56fe\u6863\uff0c\u800c\u56fe\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\u6709\u65f6\u4e0d\u591f\u9ad8\uff0c\u5c31\u5bfc\u81f4\u5224\u65ad\u4e0d\u6613\u3002\u4f46\u6b64\u4e00\u7814\u7a76\u73af\u5883\u6240\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u7684\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u5df2\u662f\u4f20\u7edf\u5b66\u8005\u65e0\u6cd5\u60f3\u8c61\u6216\u671b\u5176\u9879\u80cc\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[10]\u6768\u73cd\uff1a\u300a\u987a\u6cbb\u671d\u6ee1\u6587\u6863\u6848\u672d\u8bb0\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u6ee1\u8bed\u7814\u7a76\u300b2015\u5e74\u7b2c1\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[11]\u738b\u5efa\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u907f\u8bb3\u5c0f\u53f2\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c285\u2014286\u9875\uff1b\u53e6\u89c1\uff1a\u5f90\u73c2\uff1a\u300a\u6e05\u7a17\u7c7b\u949e\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u534e\u4e66\u5c40\uff0c1984\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c5\u518c\uff0c\u7b2c2149\u9875\u3002<strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[12]\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u6587\u53e5\u51e0\u540c\u3002\u53c2\u89c1\u300a\u6e05\u4ec1\u5b97\u5b9e\u5f55\u300b\u5377130\u3001\u5377197\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u534e\u4e66\u5c40\uff0c1986\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c618\u2014619\u3001\u7b2c762\u9875\u3002<strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[13]\u300a\u6e05\u4ec1\u5b97\u5b9e\u5f55\u300b\u5377110\uff0c\u7b2c479\u9875\uff1b\u300a\u6e05\u4ec1\u5b97\u5b9e\u5f55\u300b\u5377116\uff0c\u7b2c543\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[14]\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u3001\u79d1\u6280\u53f2\u66a8\u53e4\u6587\u732e\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7f16\u7e82\u7684\u300a\u6e05\u4ee3\u7f19\u7ec5\u5f55\u96c6\u6210\u300b\uff08\u90d1\u5dde\uff1a\u5927\u8c61\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2008\u5e74\uff09\u5185\u5bb9\u53ef\u5728\u7231\u5982\u751f\u7684\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u8c31\u7252\u5e93\u201d\u68c0\u7d22\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[15]\u300a\u6e05\u4ec1\u5b97\u5b9e\u5f55\u300b\u5377197\uff0c\u7b2c618\u2014619\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[16]\u5f20\u4ef0\u5c71\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u91cd\u6821\u4e34\u6587\u4fbf\u89c8\u00b7\u62ac\u5934\u5b57\u6837\u300b\uff0c\u5149\u7eea\u5341\u4e8c\u5e74\u520a\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[17]\u300a\u6e05\u53f2\u7a3f\u300b\u8bef\u5434\u660e\u70dc\u3001\u5434\u660e\u70ab\u4e3a\u4e24\u5144\u5f1f\u3002\u53c2\u89c1\u9ec4\u4e00\u519c\uff1a\u300a\u5434\u660e\u70ab\u4e0e\u5434\u660e\u70dc\uff1a\u6e05\u521d\u4e0e\u897f\u6cd5\u76f8\u6297\u4e89\u7684\u4e00\u5bf9\u56de\u56de\u5929\u6587\u5bb6\u5144\u5f1f\uff1f\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u5927\u9646\u6742\u5fd7\u300b1992\u5e74\u7b2c4\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[18]\u6709\u4ee5\u66f9\u5ba3\u4e4b\u201c\u5ba3\u201d\u5b57\uff08\u5c16\u97f3siowan\uff09\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u907f\u5eb7\u7199\u5e1d\u5fa1\u8bb3\u201c\u7384\u201d\u5b57\uff08\u56e2\u97f3hiowan\uff09\u800c\u6539\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u8343\u201d\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4ee5\u5176\u5144\u66f9\u5bc5\u4e0e\u5eb7\u7199\u5e1d\u95f4\u7684\u4eb2\u8fd1\u4e92\u52a8\uff0c\u5e94\u4e0d\u6562\u8fdd\u5236\u81ea\u53f7\u201c\u8354\u8f69\u201d\u800c\u4e0d\u907f\u53d1\u97f3\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u201c\u8f69\u201d\u5b57\uff08\u56e2\u97f3hiowan\uff09\u3002\u7136\u56e0\u5f53\u65f6\u5e76\u65e0\u8bb3\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e14\u907f\u8bb3\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u5f97\u4e25\u9075\u97f3\u97f5\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u53d1\u97f3\u662f\u5426\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u800c\u5acc\u540d\u7684\u91c7\u8ba4\u66f4\u5e38\u6709\u4e3b\u89c2\u7684\u6210\u5206\u5728\u3002\u53c2\u89c1\u9ec4\u4e00\u519c\uff1a\u300a\u66f9\u96ea\u82b9\u7684\u5bb6\u65cf\u5370\u8bb0\u300b\uff0c\u53f0\u6e7e\u65b0\u7af9\uff1a\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2022\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c362\u2014363\u9875\uff1b\u7f57\u76db\u5409\uff1a\u300a\u6e05\u671d\u6ee1\u6587\u907f\u8bb3\u6f2b\u8bae\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u6ee1\u8bed\u7814\u7a76\u300b2014\u5e74\u7b2c2\u671f\u3002<strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[19]\u300a\u6e05\u4e16\u5b97\u5b9e\u5f55\u300b\u53772\uff0c\u7b2c62\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[20]\u300a\u6e05\u4e16\u5b97\u5b9e\u5f55\u300b\u537713\uff0c\u7b2c233\u2014234\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[21]\u5141\u7984\u7b49\uff1a\u300a\u5927\u6e05\u4f1a\u5178\u300b\u537761\uff0c\u300a\u8fd1\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u53f2\u6599\u4e1b\u520a\u4e09\u7f16\u300b\uff0c\u53f0\u5317\uff1a\u6587\u6d77\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2019\u5e74\u5f71\u5370\u96cd\u6b63\u5341\u5e74\u5e8f\u520a\u672c\uff0c\u7b2c6\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[22]\u6625\u82b1\uff1a\u300a\u8bba\u6e05\u4ee3\u9881\u884c\u5386\u201c\u65f6\u523b\u8868\u201d\u5185\u7684\u5730\u540d\u7279\u70b9\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u660e\u6e05\u8bba\u4e1b\uff08\u7b2c\u5341\u4e94\u8f91\uff09\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u6545\u5bab\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2015\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c447\u2014458\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[23]\u5982\u54b8\u4e30\u56db\u5e74\u6539\u6613\u9053\u5149\u5e1d\u65fb\u5b81\u7684\u8bb3\u6cd5\u65f6\uff0c\u5373\u79f0\u201c\u55e3\u540e\u51e1\u9047\u5ba3\u5b97\u6210\u7687\u5e1d\u5e99\u8bb3\uff0c\u7f3a\u7b14\u5199\u4f5c\u2018\u5bd5\u2019\u8005\uff0c\u6089\u6539\u5199\u4f5c\u2018\u5be7\u2019\u201d\u3002\u53c2\u89c1\u6606\u5188\u7b49\u4fee\u3001\u5218\u542f\u7aef\u7b49\uff1a\u300a\u94a6\u5b9a\u5927\u6e05\u4f1a\u5178\u4e8b\u4f8b\u300b\u5377344\uff0c\u300a\u7eed\u4fee\u56db\u5e93\u5168\u4e66\u300b\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\uff1a\u4e0a\u6d77\u53e4\u7c4d\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2002\u5e74\u5f71\u5370\u5149\u7eea\u4e8c\u5341\u4e94\u5e74\u77f3\u5370\u672c\uff0c\u7b2c15\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[24]\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f20\u7edf\u5386\u6cd5\u5c06\u4e00\u5e74\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e8c\u5341\u56db\u6c14\uff0c\u4ee5\u5341\u4e8c\u4e2a\u8282\u6c14\u548c\u5341\u4e8c\u4e2a\u4e2d\u6c14\u76f8\u95f4\u6392\u5217\uff0c\u6bcf\u6c14\u53c8\u6709\u4e09\u5019\u3002\u4e8c\u6708\u4e2d\u6c14\u4e3a\u6625\u5206\uff0c\u6709\u7384\u9e1f\u81f3\u3001\u96f7\u4e43\u53d1\u58f0\u3001\u59cb\u7535\u4e09\u5019\uff0c\u516b\u6708\u8282\u6c14\u4e3a\u767d\u9732\uff0c\u6709\u9e3f\u96c1\u6765\u3001\u7384\u9e1f\u5f52\u3001\u7fa4\u9e1f\u517b\u7f9e\u4e09\u5019\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[25]\u96cd\u6b63\u4e94\u5e74\u7684\u300a\u5bab\u4e2d\u6863\u594f\u6298\u300b\u79f0\u5f53\u65f6\u82cf\u3001\u677e\u5730\u65b9\u6709\u79c1\u5370\u300a\u6eaa\u53e3\u5168\u4e66\u300b\u8005\uff0c\u201c\u516c\u7136\u4e8e\u671d\u5ef7\u672a\u66fe\u9881\u5386\u4e4b\u5148\uff0c\u5404\u5904\u5448\u9001\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u5185\u5bb9\u201c\u4fbf\u4e8e\u7b97\u547d\u9009\u65e5\u201d\uff0c\u6545\u56db\u5904\u201c\u6cbf\u95e8\u9001\u4e66\u6c42\u8d4f\u201d\uff08\u53f0\u5317\u6545\u5bab\u535a\u7269\u9662\uff0c\u6587\u732e\u7f16\u53f7402014279\uff09\uff1b\u9ec4\u4e00\u519c\uff1a\u300a\u5236\u5929\u547d\u800c\u7528\uff1a\u661f\u5360\u3001\u672f\u6570\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u300b\uff0c\u6210\u90fd\uff1a\u56db\u5ddd\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2018\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c291\u2014323\u9875\u3002<strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[26]\u201c\u7384\u201d\u5b57\u4e4b\u907f\u8bb3\u65e9\u5728\u5b8b\u771f\u5b97\u65f6\u5c31\u5df2\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u8ffd\u5c0a\u5176\u59cb\u7956\u8d75\u7384\u6717\uff0c\u5e76\u56e0\u6b64\u6539\u907f\u201c\u7384\u201d\u5b57\u4e3a\u201c\u5143\u201d\u3002\u53c2\u89c1\u674e\u6538\uff1a\u300a\u5b8b\u671d\u4e8b\u5b9e\u300b\u53777\uff0c\u7eaa\u6600\u3001\u6c38\u7462\u7b49\uff1a\u300a\u666f\u5370\u6587\u6e0a\u9601\u56db\u5e93\u5168\u4e66\u300b\uff0c\u53f0\u5317\uff1a\u53f0\u6e7e\u5546\u52a1\u5370\u4e66\u9986\uff0c1935\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c11\u201412\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[27]\u56fe\u4e2d\u4e0b\u680f\u5e8f\u53f74\u3001\u5e8f\u53f76\u4e0b\u6587\u5b57\u5747\u4e3a\u201c\u7384\u9ce5\u6b78\u201d\u3002<strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[28]\u4e01\u5ea6\u7b49\uff1a\u300a\u96c6\u97f5\u300b\uff08\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u85cf\u5b8b\u520a\u672c\uff09\uff1b\u6587\u5112\u7b49\uff1a\u300a\u56db\u58f0\u7bc7\u6d77\u300b\uff08\u53f0\u5317\u6545\u5bab\u535a\u7269\u9662\u85cf\u660e\u520a\u672c\uff09\uff1b\u53f8\u9a6c\u5149\u7b49\uff1a\u300a\u7c7b\u7bc7\u300b\uff08\u53f0\u5317\u6545\u5bab\u535a\u7269\u9662\u85cf\u666f\u949e\u5b8b\u520a\u672c\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[29]\u300a\u6e05\u4ec1\u5b97\u5b9e\u5f55\u300b\u5377110\uff0c\u7b2c479\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[30]\u5218\u9053\u8457\u4fee\uff0c\u94b1\u90a6\u8291\u7e82\uff1a\u300a\u6c38\u5dde\u5e9c\u5fd7\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u65e5\u672c\u85cf\u4e2d\u56fd\u7f55\u89c1\u5730\u65b9\u5fd7\u4e1b\u520a\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e66\u76ee\u6587\u732e\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1985\u5e74\u5f71\u5370\u5eb7\u7199\u4e5d\u5e74\u520a\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[31]\u987e\u6c67\u4fee\uff0c\u5f20\u6c90\u7e82\uff1a\u300a\u6cb3\u5357\u901a\u5fd7\u300b\uff0c\u5eb7\u7199\u4e09\u5341\u56db\u5e74\u520a\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[32]\u9ec4\u5bbd\u7b49\u4fee\uff0c\u738b\u8c26\u8a00\u7b49\u7e82\uff1a\u300a\u5b89\u798f\u53bf\u5fd7\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u56fd\u5bb6\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u85cf\u5730\u65b9\u5fd7\u73cd\u672c\u4e1b\u520a\u300b\uff0c\u5929\u6d25\uff1a\u5929\u6d25\u53e4\u7c4d\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2016\u5e74\u5f71\u5370\u5eb7\u7199\u4e94\u5341\u4e8c\u5e74\u520a\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[33]\u738b\u5f66\u5764\uff1a\u300a\u5386\u4ee3\u907f\u8bb3\u5b57\u6c47\u5178\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u534e\u4e66\u5c40\uff0c2009\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c331\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[34]\u94b1\u5927\u6615\uff1a\u300a\u5341\u9a7e\u658b\u517b\u65b0\u4f59\u5f55\u300b\u5377\u4e2d\uff0c\u300a\u7eed\u4fee\u56db\u5e93\u5168\u4e66\u300b\uff0c2002\u5e74\u5f71\u5370\u5609\u5e86\u95f4\u520a\u672c\uff0c\u7b2c1\u3001\u7b2c11\u9875\u3002\u867d\u7136\u4f20\u7edf\u5c0a\u79f0\u4ed6\u4eba\u65f6\uff0c\u4ea6\u6709\u4ec5\u53d6\u7528\u540d\u53f7\u7684\u9996\u5b57\uff0c\u4f46\u540e\u7686\u52a0\u4e00\u5355\u5b57\u7684\u656c\u8bcd\uff08\u5982\u53f7\u4e1c\u5761\u5c45\u58eb\u7684\u82cf\u8f7c\u88ab\u79f0\u201c\u5761\u516c\u201d\uff0c\u53f7\u5916\u5e90\u7684\u4faf\u5146\u9e9f\u88ab\u79f0\u201c\u5916\u8001\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u7f55\u89c1\u53ea\u4ee5\u540d\u53f7\u4e2d\u4e4b\u4e00\u5b57\u5f84\u79f0\u53e4\u4eba\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[35]\u4e2d\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e00\u5386\u53f2\u6863\u6848\u9986\u3001\u6545\u5bab\u535a\u7269\u9662\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u6e05\u4e7e\u9686\u5185\u5e9c\u7ed8\u5236\u4eac\u57ce\u5168\u56fe\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u7d2b\u7981\u57ce\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2009\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[36]\u738b\u5b50\u6797\uff1a\u300a\u5929\u7a79\u5b9d\u6bbf\u8003\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u6545\u5bab\u5b66\u520a\uff08\u7b2c\u5341\u4e09\u8f91\uff09\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u6545\u5bab\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2015\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c181\u2014198\u9875\uff1b\u5b8b\u77b3\uff1a\u300a\u96cd\u6b63\u65f6\u671f\u7545\u6625\u56ed\u7684\u804c\u80fd\u8f6c\u53d8\u300b\uff0c\u961a\u7ea2\u67f3\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u7545\u6625\u56ed\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u9996\u90fd\u5e08\u8303\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2015\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c134\u2014144\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[37]\u53e4\u4ee3\u6d89\u53ca\u795e\u6b66\u95e8\u6216\u7384\u6b66\u95e8\u7684\u77e5\u540d\u53f2\u4e8b\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4e8c\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u300a\u5357\u53f2\u300b\u79f0\u9676\u5f18\u666f\u201c\u5bb6\u8d2b\u2026\u2026\u8131\u671d\u670d\u6302\u795e\u6b66\u95e8\uff0c\u4e0a\u8868\u8f9e\u7984\u3002\u201d\uff08\u674e\u5ef6\u5bff\uff1a\u300a\u5357\u53f2\u300b\u537776\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u534e\u4e66\u5c40\uff0c1975\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c1897\u9875\uff09\u9042\u6709\u201c\u795e\u6b66\u6302\u51a0\u201d\u4e4b\u5178\uff0c\u4ee5\u55bb\u8f9e\u5b98\u5f52\u9690\uff1b\u5f53\u65f6\u5357\u671d\u4ee5\u5efa\u5eb7\uff08\u4eca\u5357\u4eac\uff09\u4e3a\u90fd\uff0c\u8be5\u201c\u795e\u6b66\u95e8\u201d\u672c\u540d\u201c\u795e\u864e\u95e8\u201d\uff0c\u6b64\u907f\u5510\u8bb3\u6539\u3002\uff082\uff09\u5510\u9ad8\u7956\u6b66\u5fb7\u4e5d\u5e74\u53d1\u751f\u201c\u7384\u6b66\u95e8\u4e4b\u53d8\u201d\uff0c\u674e\u6e0a\u7684\u6b21\u5b50\u674e\u4e16\u6c11\u5728\u90fd\u57ce\u957f\u5b89\u7684\u7384\u6b66\u95e8\u53d1\u52a8\u6d41\u8840\u653f\u53d8\uff0c\u6740\u6b7b\u592a\u5b50\u674e\u5efa\u6210\uff0c\u7a0d\u540e\u674e\u6e0a\u5c06\u7687\u4f4d\u7985\u8ba9\u7ed9\u674e\u4e16\u6c11\uff0c\u662f\u4e3a\u5510\u592a\u5b97\uff0c\u5f00\u542f\u4e86\u201c\u8d1e\u89c2\u4e4b\u6cbb\u201d\u3002\u6b64\u4e24\u53f2\u4e8b\u6240\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u5730\u70b9\u7686\u4e0d\u5728\u5317\u4eac\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[38]\u767d\u80e4\u8c26\uff1a\u300a\u4e1c\u8c37\u96c6\u300b\u537713\uff0c\u300a\u6e05\u4ee3\u8bd7\u6587\u96c6\u6c47\u7f16\u300b\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\uff1a\u4e0a\u6d77\u53e4\u7c4d\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2010\u5e74\u5f71\u5370\u987a\u6cbb\u523b\u5eb7\u7199\u7eed\u523b\u96cd\u6b63\u8865\u523b\u672c\uff0c\u7b2c5\u201410\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[39]\u5434\u8fbe\u6d77\u7b49\u7e82\uff1a\u300a\u5927\u6e05\u5f8b\u96c6\u89e3\u9644\u4f8b\u300b\u537713\uff0c\u5eb7\u7199\u95f4\u520a\u672c\uff0c\u7b2c1\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[40]\u8d75\u7528\u8d24\uff1a\u300a\u5927\u660e\u4f1a\u5178\u300b\u5377166\uff0c\u300a\u7eed\u4fee\u56db\u5e93\u5168\u4e66\u300b\uff0c2002\u5e74\u5f71\u5370\u4e07\u5386\u95f4\u520a\u672c\uff0c\u7b2c1\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[41]\u4f0a\u6851\u963f\u7b49\u7e82\uff1a\u300a\u5927\u6e05\u4f1a\u5178\u300b\u537741\uff0c\u300a\u8fd1\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u53f2\u6599\u4e1b\u520a\u4e09\u7f16\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c20\u9875\uff1b\u6731\u8f7c\u3001\u5e38\u9f10\u7b49\u7e82\u4fee\uff1a\u300a\u5927\u6e05\u5f8b\u96c6\u89e3\u9644\u4f8b\u300b\u537713\uff0c\u300a\u56db\u5e93\u672a\u6536\u4e66\u8f91\u520a\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u5317\u4eac\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2000\u5e74\u5f71\u5370\u96cd\u6b63\u4e09\u5e74\u520a\u672c\uff0c\u7b2c2\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[42]\u53f0\u5317\u6545\u5bab\u535a\u7269\u9662\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e00\u5386\u53f2\u6863\u6848\u9986\uff1a\u300a\u6e05\u4ee3\u8d77\u5c45\u6ce8\u518c\u00b7\u5eb7\u7199\u671d\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u534e\u4e66\u5c40\uff0c\u53f0\u5317\uff1a\u8054\u7ecf\u51fa\u7248\u4e8b\u4e1a\u516c\u53f8\uff0c2009\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c1\u518c\uff0c\u7b2cB000125\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[43]\u201c\u7164\u5c71\u201d\u4e3a\u4eca\u4e4b\u666f\u5c71\u65e7\u79f0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[44]\u94b1\u6f84\u4e4b\u64b0\uff0c\u8bf8\u4f1f\u5947\u6821\u70b9\uff1a\u300a\u7530\u95f4\u8bd7\u96c6\u300b\u537719\uff0c\u5408\u80a5\uff1a\u9ec4\u5c71\u4e66\u793e\uff0c1998\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c400\u2014401\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[45]\u300a\u5e26\u7ecf\u5802\u96c6\u300b\u5eb7\u7199\u523b\u672c\u4e2d\u5171\u670959\u4e2a\u201c\u7384\u201d\u5b57\uff0c\u7686\u7f3a\u672b\u7b14\uff0c\u53e6\u201c\u5143\u6b66\u6e56\u201d\u201c\u5143\u5b59\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5143\u72d0\u88d8\u5e3d\u201d\u7684\u201c\u5143\u201d\u5b57\uff0c\u5219\u662f\u4ee5\u6539\u5b57\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u907f\u5eb7\u7199\u5e1d\u5fa1\u540d\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u7384\u201d\u3002\u53c2\u89c1\u738b\u58eb\u799b\uff1a\u300a\u5e26\u7ecf\u5802\u96c6\u300b\u537718\uff0c\u300a\u7eed\u4fee\u56db\u5e93\u5168\u4e66\u300b\uff0c2002\u5e74\u5f71\u5370\u5eb7\u7199\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u520a\u672c\uff0c\u7b2c2\u9875\uff1b\u537733\uff0c\u7b2c2\u9875\uff1b\u537780\uff0c\u7b2c10\u9875\uff1b\u537783\uff0c\u7b2c6\u9875\uff1b\u537792\uff0c\u7b2c17\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[46]\u987e\u6c67\uff081646\u20141712\uff09\u7684\u300a\u666f\u5c71\u4f8d\u5bb4\u300b\u6709\u201c\u795e\u6b66\u95e8\u524d\u6620\u5915\u9633\u201d\u53e5\uff0c\u56e0\u4ece\u6b64\u8bd7\u540e\u6570\u7b2c\u4e09\u9996\u4e3a\u300a\u56db\u5341\u521d\u5ea6\u300b\uff0c\u4f9d\u300a\u51e4\u6c60\u56ed\u8bd7\u96c6\u300b\u7684\u7f16\u5e74\u4f53\u63a8\u5224\uff0c\u77e5\u300a\u666f\u5c71\u4f8d\u5bb4\u300b\u8d4b\u4e8e\u5eb7\u7199\u4e8c\u5341\u56db\u5e74\u3002\u53c2\u89c1\u987e\u6c67\uff1a\u300a\u51e4\u6c60\u56ed\u8bd7\u96c6\u300b\u53774\uff0c\u300a\u56db\u5e93\u672a\u6536\u4e66\u8f91\u520a\u300b\uff0c2000\u5e74\u5f71\u5370\u5eb7\u7199\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u520a\u672c\uff0c\u7b2c24\u201425\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[47]\u300a\u767d\u8305\u5802\u96c6\u300b\u521d\u523b\u4e8e\u5eb7\u7199\u56db\u5341\u4e09\u5e74\u7532\u7533\u5c81\uff0c\u7b14\u8005\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f\u300a\u56db\u5e93\u5168\u4e66\u5b58\u76ee\u4e1b\u4e66\u300b\u5eb7\u7199\u95f4\u520a\u672c\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u300a\u4e07\u5c81\u5c71\u300b\u4e00\u8bd7\u5e76\u672a\u4f7f\u7528\u5f53\u65f6\u5df2\u6539\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u201c\u795e\u6b66\u95e8\u201d\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u77e5\u539f\u8bd7\u53e5\u4e43\u7528\u201c\u5143\u6b66\u95e8\u201d\u3002\u56e0\u82e5\u987e\u666f\u661f\u672c\u4f5c\u201c\u7384\u6b66\u95e8\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5b50\u987e\u660c\u5728\u520a\u523b\u9057\u96c6\u65f6\u8bb3\u6539\u4e3a\u201c\u5143\u6b66\u95e8\u201d\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u4e0d\u6613\u7406\u89e3\u4ed6\u4f55\u4ee5\u4e0d\u5f84\u6539\u6210\u65e9\u5df2\u884c\u7528\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u201c\u795e\u6b66\u95e8\u201d\u65b0\u540d\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u65e2\u53ef\u540c\u65f6\u656c\u907f\u5fa1\u540d\uff0c\u4e14\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u8bd7\u53e5\u7684\u5e73\u4ec4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[48]\u5218\u6566\u6862\uff1a\u300a\u6e05\u7687\u57ce\u5bab\u6bbf\u8859\u7f72\u56fe\u5e74\u4ee3\u8003\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u8425\u9020\u5b66\u793e\u6c47\u520a\u300b1936\u5e74\u7b2c2\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[49]\u4e8e\u654f\u4e2d\uff1a\u300a\u56fd\u671d\u5bab\u53f2\u300b\u537712\uff0c\u300a\u666f\u5370\u6587\u6e0a\u9601\u56db\u5e93\u5168\u4e66\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c32\u9875\uff1b\u537713\uff0c\u7b2c3\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[50]\u738b\u5b50\u6797\uff1a\u300a\u6148\u5b81\u5bab\u5927\u4f5b\u5802\u8003\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u6545\u5bab\u535a\u7269\u9662\u9662\u520a\u300b2014\u5e74\u7b2c4\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[51]\u300a\u6e05\u4e16\u7956\u5b9e\u5f55\u300b\u5377113\uff0c\u7b2c882\u9875\uff1b\u300a\u6e05\u5723\u7956\u5b9e\u5f55\u300b\u53771\uff0c\u7b2c43\u9875\uff1b\u6731\u5e86\u5f81\uff1a\u300a\u987a\u6cbb\u671d\u4e0a\u5e1d\u575b\u2014\u2014\u662d\u4e8b\u6bbf\u59cb\u672b\u8c08\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u6545\u5bab\u535a\u7269\u9662\u9662\u520a\u300b1999\u5e74\u7b2c4\u671f\uff1b\u674e\u71ee\u5e73\uff1a\u300a\u660e\u81f3\u6e05\u521d\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u517b\u5fc3\u6bbf\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u7d2b\u7981\u57ce\u300b2016\u5e74\u7b2c12\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[52]\u66f9\u632f\u4f1f\uff1a\u300a\u7d2b\u7981\u57ce\u4e1c\u3001\u897f\u516d\u5bab\u810a\u90e8\u5f69\u753b\u8c03\u67e5\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u6545\u5bab\u535a\u7269\u9662\u9662\u520a\u300b2021\u5e74\u7b2c10\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[53]\u738b\u5176\u4ea8\u3001\u5f20\u51e4\u68a7\uff1a\u300a\u5eb7\u7199\u3008\u7687\u57ce\u5bab\u6bbf\u8859\u7f72\u56fe\u3009\u89e3\u8bfb\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u5efa\u7b51\u53f2\u5b66\u520a\u300b2020\u5e74\u7b2c1\u20143\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[54]\u6b64\u5904\u5bb9\u8bb8\u6539\u540d\u53ef\u6709\u4e00\u5c0f\u6bb5\u9002\u5e94\u671f\uff0c\u4e14\u56e0\u5168\u56fe\u8d39\u65f6\u81f3\u5c11\u6570\u6708\uff08\u751a\u81f3\u903e\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u6545\u8003\u8651\u5b9e\u9645\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0a\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4ea6\u9887\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u672a\u53ca\u56e0\u5e94\u65b0\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u800c\u91cd\u7ed8\u5df2\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[55]\u9ec4\u4e00\u519c\uff1a\u300a\u66f9\u96ea\u82b9\u7684\u5bb6\u65cf\u5370\u8bb0\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c205\u2014360\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[56]\u300a\u6e05\u5723\u7956\u5b9e\u5f55\u300b\u5377148\uff0c\u7b2c63\u9875\uff1b\u535e\u4ec1\u6d77\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u907f\u8bb3\u5b66\u53f2\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2017\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c211\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[57]\u90d1\u660c\u987a\u7b49\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u540c\u6587\u6c47\u8003\u300b\u53771\uff0c\u53f0\u5317\uff1a\u73ea\u5ead\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1980\u5e74\u5f71\u5370\u671d\u9c9c\u6b63\u7956\u516b\u5e74\u6728\u6d3b\u5b57\u6392\u5370\u672c\uff0c\u7b2c31\u9875\u3002\u300a\u671d\u9c9c\u738b\u671d\u5b9e\u5f55\u300b\u7cfb\u4e8e\u5eb7\u7199\u4e8c\u5341\u516b\u5e74\u516b\u6708\u5341\u4e00\u65e5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[58]\u300a\u6e05\u4ee3\u8d77\u5c45\u6ce8\u518c\u00b7\u5eb7\u7199\u671d\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c25\u518c\uff0c\u7b2cB12788\u201412789\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[59]\u7ecf\u67e5\u6e05\u671d\u5165\u4e3b\u4e2d\u539f\u540e\u7684\u300a\u671d\u9c9c\u738b\u671d\u5b9e\u5f55\u300b\uff08\u9996\u5c14\uff1a\u4e1c\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u793e\uff0c1955\u20141958\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u53d1\u73b0\u7c7b\u4f3c\u201c\u7279\u5347\u5148\u738b\u540e\u5bab\u674e\u6c0f\u7235\u4e3a\u6dd1\u4eea\u201d\u201c\u4ec1\u5ad4\u5373\u5ba3\u5e99\u540e\u5bab\u201d\u201c\u5f20\u8d35\u4eba\u5373\u4ec1\u7956\u540e\u5bab\u201d\u201c\u4ee5\u5b5d\u5e99\u671d\u540e\u5bab\u8d35\u4eba\u674e\u6c0f\u4e3a\u5b89\u5ad4\u201d\u4e4b\u53d9\u8ff0\u6bd4\u6bd4\u7686\u662f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[60]\u8be5\u594f\u6587\u4e2d\u65e2\u672a\u89c1\u4e5f\u4f3c\u65e0\u5fc5\u8981\u51fa\u73b0\u201c\u7384\u201d\u6216\u201c\u70e8\u201d\u4e8c\u5b57\uff0c\u4e14\u671d\u9c9c\u8083\u5b97\u56db\u5e74\u5148\u524d\u5df2\u56e0\u6240\u4e0a\u7684\u51ac\u81f3\u8d3a\u8868\u5185\u672a\u8bb3\u201c\u7384\u201d\u5b57\u800c\u53d7\u8d23\uff08\u89c1\u540e\u6587\uff09\uff0c\u6545\u62df\u6587\u7684\u5b98\u5458\u4e0d\u5e94\u518d\u6709\u660e\u663e\u72af\u8bb3\u7684\u60c5\u4e8b\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u201c\u201d\u5b57\u662f\u5426\u8be5\u907f\u6216\u9700\u5982\u4f55\u907f\u8bb3\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u5e76\u65e0\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[61]\u300a\u5eb7\u7199\u5b57\u5178\u300b\u5219\u4e3b\u5f20\u201c\u6ecb\u2026\u2026\u53c8\u901a\u5179\u201d\uff08\u5df3\u96c6\u4e0a\uff0c\u7b2c89\u201490\u9875\uff09\u3001\u201c\u8332\u3001\u7386\u4e8c\u5b57\u97f3\u540c\u4e49\u522b\uff0c\u4ece\u7384\u8005\uff0c\u5b50\u4e4b\u3001\u745a\u6d93\u4e8c\u5207\uff0c\u8bad\u9ed1\u4e5f\uff0c\u6b64\u4e5f\u59d3\u4e5f\uff1b\u4ece\u8278\u8005\uff0c\u5b50\u4e4b\u3001\u5899\u4e4b\u4e8c\u5207\uff0c\u8bad\u8278\u6728\u591a\u76ca\u4e5f\uff0c\u84d0\u4e5f\uff0c\u56fd\u540d\uff0c\u4eca\u5404\u97f5\u4e66\u4e92\u76f8\u8499\u6df7\u2026\u2026\u4eca\u4ece\u300a\u8bf4\u6587\u300b\u5e76\u5404\u4e66\u91cd\u4e3a\u8ba2\u6b63\u201d\uff08\u5348\u96c6\u4e0a\uff0c\u7b2c2\u9875\uff09\u3002\u6b64\u4e66\u56e0\u6709\u5b98\u65b9\u8272\u5f69\uff0c\u6545\u5bf9\u201c\u7384\u201d\u201c\u7386\u201d\uff08\u672a\u89c1\u201c\u201d\uff09\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u7384\u201d\uff0c\u5747\u7f3a\u672b\u7b14\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u201c\u7384\u201d\u4e4b\u201c\u5179\u201d\u6216\u201c\u6ecb\u201d\uff0c\u5b57\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u3120\u201d\u5219\u4e0d\u7f3a\u7b14\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[62]\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u6b64\u4e8b\u53d1\u751f\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u671d\u9c9c\u6587\u732e\u4ea6\u672a\u89c1\u4e25\u907f\u6e05\u5e1d\u7684\u540d\u8bb3\uff08\u4f46\u5728\u594f\u5448\u6e05\u5ef7\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u4e66\u4e0a\u5e94\u4f1a\u8f83\u5148\u524d\u91cd\u89c6\uff09\uff0c\u5982\u300a\u8083\u5b97\u5b9e\u5f55\u300b\u5728\u8bb0\u68c0\u9605\u674e\u5bc5\u70e8\u53ca\u5927\u53f8\u5baa\u674e\u7384\u9038\u4e4b\u540d\uff0c\u6216\u300a\u5baa\u5b97\u5b9e\u5f55\u300b\u5728\u8bb0\u6301\u5e73\u5d14\u5728\u70e8\u53ca\u6c34\u519b\u8282\u5ea6\u4f7f\u674e\u7384\u7391\u65f6\uff0c\u201c\u7384\u201d\u53ca\u201c\u70e8\u201d\u4e8c\u5b57\u5c31\u5747\u672a\u7f3a\u7b14\u6216\u6539\u5b57\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[63]\u767d\u65b0\u826f\u7b49\uff1a\u300a\u5eb7\u7199\u4f20\u300b\uff0c\u957f\u6c99\uff1a\u5cb3\u9e93\u4e66\u793e\uff0c2015\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c319\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[64]\u91ca\u575a\u878d\u3001\u7f57\u76db\u5409\u3001\u9ec4\u4e00\u519c\uff1a\u300a\u6e05\u521d\u8bcd\u5b66\u5927\u5bb6\u6210\u5fb7\u540d\u8bb3\u65b0\u8003\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u6587\u53f2\u300b2013\u5e74\u7b2c1\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[65]\u6c6a\u6e90\u6cfd\u4fee\uff0c\u95fb\u6027\u9053\u7e82\uff1a\u300a\u911e\u53bf\u5fd7\u300b\u537711\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5730\u65b9\u5fd7\u96c6\u6210\u300b\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\uff1a\u4e0a\u6d77\u4e66\u5e97\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2000\u5e74\u5f71\u5370\u5eb7\u7199\u4e8c\u5341\u4e94\u5e74\u520a\u672c\uff1b\u5434\u6c5d\u4e3a\u4fee\uff0c\u5218\u5143\u6cf0\u7e82\uff1a\u300a\u9e9f\u6e38\u53bf\u5fd7\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5730\u65b9\u5fd7\u96c6\u6210\u300b\uff0c\u5357\u4eac\uff1a\u51e4\u51f0\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2007\u5e74\u5f71\u5370\u5eb7\u7199\u56db\u5341\u4e03\u5e74\u589e\u523b\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[66]\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u65b9\u5fd7\u5e93\u201d\u6536\u5f5544\u90e8\u987a\u6cbb\u671d\u520a\u523b\u7684\u65b9\u5fd7\uff0c\u722c\u68b3\u540e\u5171\u53ef\u53d1\u73b0319\u4e2a\u5404\u79cd\u5199\u6cd5\u7684\u201c\u80e4\u201d\uff08\u5f53\u4e2d\u8d77\u7b14\u4e3a\u201c\u5f73\u201d\u8005\u751a\u81f3\u8fd8\u5927\u5e45\u8d85\u8fc7\u8d77\u7b14\u4f5c\u6487\u8005\uff09\uff0c\u7136\u5374\u65e0\u4e00\u7f3a\u672b\u7b14\uff0c\u6b64\u4e00\u60c5\u5f62\u4ea6\u89c1\u4e8e\u5eb7\u7199\u5341\u56db\u5e74\u80e4\u793d\u5c01\u7687\u592a\u5b50\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6e05\u4ee3\u65b9\u5fd7\u3002\u5c11\u6570\u4f8b\u5916\u4e5f\u53ef\u627e\u5230\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u5982\u300a\u66f9\u5dde\u5fd7\u300b\u5eb7\u7199\u5341\u4e09\u5e74\u540e\u5370\u672c\u4e2d\u670919\u4e2a\u201c\u80e4\u201d\u5b57\uff0c\u53ea\u67092\u4e2a\u7f3a\u672b\u7b14\uff0c\u7686\u5728\u53777\u300a\u804c\u5b98\u300b\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u6240\u85cf\u7684\u521d\u520a\u672c\uff0c\u5219\u53d1\u73b0\u5168\u4e66\u539f\u65e0\u7f3a\u7b14\uff0c\u540e\u88ab\u6316\u6539\u3002\u53e6\uff0c\u9898\u4e3a\u5eb7\u7199\u5143\u5e74\u523b\u672c\u7684\u300a\u7eed\u5b89\u4e18\u53bf\u5fd7\u300b\uf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loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" src=\"\">\u201d\u5e94\u662f\u201c\u793d\u201d\u7684\u4fd7\u4f53\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u907f\u8bb3\u6240\u521b\uff0c\u56e0\u5728\u5eb7\u7199\u5341\u4e00\u5e74\u300a\u9ad8\u5dde\u5e9c\u5fd7\u300b\u4e2d\u5373\u53ef\u89c1\u201c\u5415\u80e4\u201d\u4e4b\u540d\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u7687\u5b50\u80e4\u793d\u5c1a\u672a\u51fa\u751f\uff0c\u4e14\u8be5\u5fd7\u603b\u5171\u51fa\u73b016\u4e2a\u201c\u7384\u201d\u548c2\u4e2a\u201c\u70e8\u201d\uff0c\u5fa1\u540d\u7686\u65e0\u4e00\u66fe\u907f\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u65b9\u5fd7\u5e93\u201d\u4ea6\u53ef\u89c1\u5230\u4e07\u5386\u300a\u7ecd\u5174\u5e9c\u5fd7\u300b\u7684\u201c\u5468\u201d\u3001\u5d07\u796f\u300a\u5b81\u6d77\u53bf\u5fd7\u300b\u7684\u201c\u4e91\u201d\u3001\u4e07\u5386\u300a\u4f59\u59da\u53bf\u5fd7\u300b\u7684\u201c\u80e4\u201d\u3001\u5929\u542f\u300a\u8862\u5dde\u5e9c\u5fd7\u300b\u7684\u201c\u8d75\u58eb\u201d\u201c\u6c6a\u201d\u7b49\u4f8b\u3002\u53c2\u89c1\u848b\u5e94\u6cf0\u7e82\uff0c\u9ec4\u4e91\u53f2\u589e\u4fee\uff1a\u300a\u9ad8\u5dde\u5e9c\u5fd7\u300b\u53774\uff0c\u300a\u7a00\u89c1\u4e2d\u56fd\u5730\u65b9\u5fd7\u6c47\u520a\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e66\u5e97\uff0c1992\u5e74\u5f71\u5370\u5eb7\u7199\u5341\u4e00\u5e74\u520a\u672c\uff0c\u7b2c28\u9875\uff1b\u201c\u5f02\u4f53\u5b57\u5b57\u5178\u201d\u7f51\u7ad9\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/dict.variants.moe.edu.tw\">https:\/\/dict.variants.moe.edu.tw<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[68]\u91d1\u5149\u7956\u7e82\u4fee\uff1a\u300a\u5e7f\u4e1c\u901a\u5fd7\u300b\u537713\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5730\u65b9\u5fd7\u96c6\u6210\u300b\uff0c\u5357\u4eac\uff1a\u51e4\u51f0\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2010\u5e74\u5f71\u5370\u5eb7\u7199\u4e09\u5341\u516d\u5e74\u520a\u672c\uff0c\u7b2c117\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[69]\u300a\u671d\u9c9c\u738b\u671d\u5b9e\u5f55\u00b7\u8083\u5b97\u5b9e\u5f55\u300b\u537733\uff0c\u7b2c55\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[70]\u300a\u671d\u9c9c\u738b\u671d\u5b9e\u5f55\u00b7\u8083\u5b97\u5b9e\u5f55\u300b\u537720\uff0c\u7b2c2\u30015\u9875\uff1b\u537721\uff0c\u7b2c9\u300129\u9875\uff1b\u537722\uff0c\u7b2c7\u300140\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[71]\u90d1\u660c\u987a\u7b49\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u540c\u6587\u6c47\u8003\u300b\u537741\uff0c\u7b2c23\u201436\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[72]\u91d1\u6d77\u4e00\uff1a\u300a\u71d5\u884c\u65e5\u8bb0\u300b\uff0c\u6797\u57fa\u4e2d\u7e82\uff1a\u300a\u71d5\u884c\u5f55\u5168\u96c6\u300b\uff0c\u9996\u5c14\uff1a\u4e1c\u56fd\u5927\u5b66\u6821\u51fa\u7248\u90e8\uff0c2001\u5e74\u5f71\u5370\u6e05\u520a\u672c\uff0c\u7b2c28\u518c\uff0c\u7b2c213\u3001218\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[73]\u90d1\u660c\u987a\u7b49\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u540c\u6587\u6c47\u8003\u300b\u537741\uff0c\u7b2c37\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[74]\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u7eb5\u4f7f\u5728\u5eb7\u7199\u56db\u5341\u4e94\u5e74\u66f9\u5bc5\u4e8e\u626c\u5dde\u4f7f\u9662\u91cd\u523b\u5b8b\u4ee3\u300a\u96c6\u97f5\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u4ec5\u90e8\u5206\u201c\u7384\u201d\u5b57\u7f3a\u672b\u7b14\uff0c\u4e14\u201c<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"25\" height=\"30\" 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