{"id":2682,"date":"2021-04-12T12:20:39","date_gmt":"2021-04-12T04:20:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/?p=2682"},"modified":"2024-04-04T01:34:48","modified_gmt":"2024-04-03T17:34:48","slug":"%e6%95%b0%e5%ad%97%e6%a1%a3%e6%a1%88%e4%b8%8e%e6%b0%91%e5%9b%bd%e5%a5%b3%e6%80%a7%e6%9c%9f%e5%88%8a%e7%a0%94%e7%a9%b6%e7%9a%84%e6%96%b9%e6%b3%95%e8%ae%ba%e5%8f%8d%e6%80%9d-%e4%bb%a5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/site\/works\/dhjournal\/202002\/2682.html","title":{"rendered":"\u6570\u5b57\u6863\u6848\u4e0e\u6c11\u56fd\u5973\u6027\u671f\u520a\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u53cd\u601d\u2014\u2014\u4ee5\u300a\u5987\u5973\u6742\u5fd7\u300b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e3a\u4f8b"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u76db\u4e4b\u5e06\uff1b\u8f6c\u81ea\uff1a\u516c\u4f17\u53f7 DH\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong><span style=\"color:#60569a\" 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class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><br><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\"><strong>\u4e00\u3001\u4e00\u4efd\u6742\u5fd7\uff0c\u56db\u4e2a\u6863\u6848<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u300a\u5987\u5973\u6742\u5fd7\u300b\u76ee\u524d\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u56db\u4e2a\u7ebf\u4e0a\u7535\u5b50\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u4e00\u662f\u7531\u53f0\u6e7e\u201c\u4e2d\u7814\u9662\u201d\u8fd1\u4ee3\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u4e0e\u4e1c\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u300a\u5987\u5973\u6742\u5fd7\u300b\u7814\u7a76\u4f1a\u5408\u4f5c\u5236\u4f5c\u7684\u201c\u300a\u5987\u5973\u6742\u5fd7\u300b\u76ee\u5f55\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u201d(\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7b80\u79f0\u201c\u4e2d\u7814\u9662\u201d\u7248)<sup>[1]<\/sup>\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6d77\u5fb7\u5821\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u201c\u665a\u6e05\u6c11\u56fd\u5973\u6027\u6742\u5fd7\u201d\u6570\u636e\u5e93(\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7b80\u79f0\u6d77\u5fb7\u5821\u7248)\u6536\u5f55\u4e86\u300a\u5973\u5b50\u4e16\u754c\u300b\u300a\u5987\u5973\u65f6\u62a5\u300b\u300a\u5987\u5973\u6742\u5fd7\u300b\u4ee5\u53ca\u300a\u73b2\u73d1\u300b\u56db\u4efd\u671f\u520a\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u8be5\u9886\u57df\u8457\u540d\u6d77\u5916\u5b66\u8005\u5b63\u5bb6\u73cd(Joan Judge)\u3001\u6885\u5609\u4e50(Barbara Mittler)\u3001\u65b9\u79c0\u6d01(Grace Fong)\u6240\u4e3b\u6301\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8ba1\u5212\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u4f17\u62a5\u520a\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u65b0\u8def\u5f84:\u6027\u522b\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\u751f\u4ea7\uff0c1904\u20141937\u201d\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206<sup>[2]<\/sup>\u3002\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u7531\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u53c2\u4e0e\u89c4\u5212\u5236\u4f5c\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b8c\u5168\u514d\u8d39\u7684\u5728\u7ebf\u9605\u89c8\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u6240\u5236\u4f5c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6570\u5b57\u671f\u520a\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u79d1\u6280\u673a\u6784\u4e5f\u5efa\u6709\u300a\u5987\u5973\u6742\u5fd7\u300b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u5982\u4e0a\u6d77\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5236\u4f5c\u7684\u300a\u4e2d\u6587\u671f\u520a\u5168\u6587\u6570\u636e\u5e93(1911\u20141949)\u300b(\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7b80\u79f0\u4e0a\u56fe\u7248)<sup>[3]<\/sup>\u3001\u5317\u4eac\u8d85\u661f\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u8d85\u661f\u6570\u5b57\u56fe\u4e66\u9986(Chinamaxx\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7b80\u79f0\u8d85\u661f\u7248)<sup>[4]<\/sup>\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7c7b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8981\u7ecf\u8d2d\u4e70\u540e\u767b\u5165\u624d\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u7b14\u8005\u76ee\u524d\u901a\u8fc7\u9999\u6e2f\u4e2d\u6587\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u6821\u56ed\u7f51\u7edc\u8fdb\u5165\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u4ece\u6863\u6848\u5b66\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u56db\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6700\u4e3a\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u5bf9\u5143\u6570\u636e(metadata)<sup>[5]<\/sup>\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u201c\u4e2d\u7814\u9662\u201d\u7248\u4e3a\u6bcf\u671f\u6742\u5fd7\u5236\u4f5c\u4e86\u7535\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u539f\u59cb\u9875\u6570\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u5c06\u680f\u76ee\u3001\u9898\u76ee\u3001\u4f5c\u8005(\u6216\u8bd1\u8005)\u3001\u9875\u7801\u90fd\u6807\u793a\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u8bfb\u8005\u70b9\u51fb\u9875\u7801\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u8d85\u94fe\u63a5\u5373\u53ef\u8fdb\u5165\u8fd9\u4e00\u9875\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5c06\u7eb8\u672c\u6742\u5fd7\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7535\u5b50\u6742\u5fd7\u3002\u53ef\u68c0\u7d22\u5185\u5bb9\u5305\u62ec\u680f\u76ee\u3001\u9898\u76ee\u548c\u4f5c\u8005\u3002\u6d77\u5fb7\u5821\u7248\u5219\u5c06\u6bcf\u671f\u6742\u5fd7\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u9875\u90fd\u4ee5\u7f29\u7565\u56fe\u5f62\u5f0f\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5206\u4e3a\u5168\u90e8\u9875\u9762(\u4e0d\u542b\u6587\u5b57\u8bf4\u660e)\u3001\u5b8c\u6574\u76ee\u5f55(\u542b\u6807\u9898\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4f5c\u8005)\u3001\u6587\u7ae0(\u6536\u5f55\u4ee5\u6587\u5b57\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u7bc7\u76ee)\u3001\u56fe\u50cf(\u6536\u5f55\u4ee5\u56fe\u50cf\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u7bc7\u76ee)\u3001\u5e7f\u544a(\u6536\u5f55\u5e7f\u544a)\uff0c\u53ef\u6309\u4eba\u7269\u3001\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\u3001\u6587\u7c7b\u3001\u680f\u76ee\u3001\u6587\u5b57\u3001\u56fe\u50cf\u3001\u5e7f\u544a\u7b49\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4f\u89c8\u6216\u641c\u7d22\u3002\u4e0a\u56fe\u7248\u5206\u4e3a\u6574\u672c\u6d4f\u89c8\u548c\u7bc7\u540d\u6d4f\u89c8\uff0c\u6574\u672c\u6d4f\u89c8\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7eb8\u7248\u7684\u9605\u8bfb\u4f53\u9a8c\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u80fd\u76f4\u8fbe\u5177\u4f53\u5355\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u8d85\u94fe\u63a5\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u8bfb\u8005\u53ea\u80fd\u4ece\u524d\u5f80\u540e\u4e00\u9875\u4e00\u9875\u5730\u70b9\u51fb\u6216\u8df3\u81f3\u6307\u5b9a\u9875\u7801\u6765\u9605\u8bfb;\u7bc7\u540d\u6d4f\u89c8\u65f6\uff0c\u6bcf\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u539f\u672c\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u987a\u5e8f\u88ab\u6253\u4e71\uff0c\u4ec5\u663e\u793a\u6807\u9898\u548c\u4f5c\u8005\uff0c\u641c\u7d22\u5185\u5bb9\u4e5f\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u3002\u8d85\u661f\u7248\u7684\u7bc7\u540d\u6d4f\u89c8\u5219\u6309\u7167\u6587\u7ae0\u5728\u6bcf\u671f\u6742\u5fd7\u4e2d\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u529f\u80fd\u90fd\u548c\u4e0a\u56fe\u7248\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u89c2\u5bdf\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e0a\u56fe\u7248\u548c\u8d85\u661f\u7248\uff0c\u4e2d\u7814\u9662\u7248\u548c\u6d77\u5fb7\u5821\u7248\u5bf9\u300a\u5987\u5973\u6742\u5fd7\u300b\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e0e\u5448\u73b0\u66f4\u4e3a\u5177\u4f53\u7ec6\u81f4\u3002\u201c\u4e2d\u7814\u9662\u201d\u7248\u548c\u6d77\u5fb7\u5821\u7248\u4e2d\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u5143\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4e0d\u5355\u5355\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u67e5\u627e\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\uff0c\u66f4\u4f53\u73b0\u7740\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5236\u4f5c\u8005\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5173\u6000\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u7531\u5b66\u672f\u56e2\u961f\u5236\u4f5c\u7684\u4e2d\u7814\u9662\u7248\u548c\u6d77\u5fb7\u5821\u7248\uff0c\u663e\u7136\u56e0\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4efd\u6742\u5fd7\u66f4\u4e3a\u719f\u6089\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bbe\u8ba1\u300a\u5987\u5973\u6742\u5fd7\u300b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u5728\u5b9a\u4e49\u3001\u89e3\u91ca\u300a\u5987\u5973\u6742\u5fd7\u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Acker\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5916\u90e8\u548c\u5185\u90e8\u4e4b\u5206\u5f80\u5f80\u5145\u6ee1\u5f20\u529b\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5728\u88ab\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u6216\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u6309\u662f\u5426\u6709\u6210\u5458\u8d44\u683c\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u5c40\u5185\u4eba(insider)\u4e0e\u5c40\u5916\u4eba(outsider)\u3002\u5728\u5177\u4f53\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5185\u90e8\u89c6\u89d2\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u6bd4\u5916\u90e8\u89c6\u89d2\u5bf9\u7814\u7a76\u73af\u8282\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u6709\u5229\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002\u5185\u90e8\u89c6\u89d2\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u80fd\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u6240\u5c5e\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u548c\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u4f1a\u88ab\u5148\u5165\u4e4b\u89c1\u6240\u8499\u853d?\u8bf8\u5982\u6b64\u7c7b\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u5f80\u5f80\u8d2f\u7a7f\u7740\u5185\/\u5916\u4e4b\u4e89<sup>[8]<\/sup>\u3002\u5982\u679c\u628a\u6863\u6848\u5236\u4f5c\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e5f\u5206\u4e3a\u5185\u90e8\u89c6\u89d2\u4e0e\u5916\u90e8\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u300a\u5987\u5973\u6742\u5fd7\u300b\u7684\u719f\u6089\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6d77\u5fb7\u5821\u7248\u4e0e\u201c\u4e2d\u7814\u9662\u201d\u7248\u7684\u5236\u4f5c\u8005\u62e5\u6709\u8eab\u4e3a\u5987\u5973\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u800c\u4e0a\u56fe\u7248\u548c\u8d85\u661f\u7248\u7684\u5236\u4f5c\u8005\u5219\u662f\u67d0\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u5c40\u5916\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e0a\u6587\u6211\u4eec\u8ba8\u8bba\u5230\uff0c\u4e0a\u56fe\u7248\u548c\u8d85\u661f\u7248\u5236\u4f5c\u8005\u56e0\u4e3a\u975e\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u770b\u5230\u300a\u5987\u5973\u6742\u5fd7\u300b\u4e2d\u5e7f\u544a\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u820d\u5f03\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6863\u6848\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u800c\u7531\u300a\u5987\u5973\u6742\u5fd7\u300b\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u6240\u5236\u4f5c\u7684\u6d77\u5fb7\u5821\u7248\u4e0e\u201c\u4e2d\u7814\u9662\u201d\u7248\uff0c\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u5730\u7ef4\u62a4\u6863\u6848\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u5185\u90e8\u89c6\u89d2\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e13\u4e1a\u6216\u5546\u4e1a\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u6863\u6848\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u5728\u5bf9\u6574\u4f53\u6c11\u56fd\u5973\u6027\u671f\u520a\u7684\u4fdd\u5b58\u89c4\u6a21\u548c\u80fd\u91cf\u4e0a\u8981\u80dc\u8fc7\u5b66\u672f\u56e2\u961f\u3002\u50cf\u4e0a\u56fe\u7248\u3001\u8d85\u661f\u7248\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u9664\u300a\u5987\u5973\u6742\u5fd7\u300b\u5916\u8fd8\u6536\u5f55\u4f17\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u6c11\u56fd\u5973\u6027\u671f\u520a\u3002\u9664\u53bb\u6d77\u5fb7\u5821\u56e2\u961f\u6240\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u300a\u5973\u5b50\u4e16\u754c\u300b\u300a\u5987\u5973\u65f6\u62a5\u300b\u300a\u73b2\u73d1\u300b\u8fd9\u4e09\u4efd\uff0c\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5bf9\u4e8e\u300a\u5987\u5973\u6742\u5fd7\u300b\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u6c11\u56fd\u5973\u6027\u671f\u520a\u5e76\u672a\u91cd\u89c6\u5230\u4e88\u4ee5\u6570\u5b57\u6863\u6848\u5316\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u4e3a\u4f55\u201c\u4e2d\u7814\u9662\u201d\u56e2\u961f\u3001\u6d77\u5fb7\u5821\u56e2\u961f\u66f4\u949f\u60c5\u4e8e\u300a\u5987\u5973\u6742\u5fd7\u300b?\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u300a\u5987\u5973\u6742\u5fd7\u300b\u5728\u4f55\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u66f4\u5177\u6709\u4ee3\u8868\u6027?\u5c31\u5176\u4e3b\u6d41\u7a0b\u5ea6\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u7531\u5546\u52a1\u5370\u4e66\u9986\u51fa\u7248\u53d1\u884c\u7684\u300a\u5987\u5973\u6742\u5fd7\u300b\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6c11\u56fd\u65f6\u671f\u9488\u5bf9\u5973\u6027\u8bfb\u8005\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u5927\u578b\u6742\u5fd7\uff0c\u7684\u786e\u5728\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u53d1\u884c\u91cf\u3001\u53d1\u884c\u8303\u56f4\u4e0a\u8fdc\u80dc\u5176\u4ed6\u5973\u6027\u671f\u520a\u3002\u4f46\u5b83\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u4e3b\u6d41\u201d\u88ab\u62d4\u9ad8\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u5bf9\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u5c0f\u4f17\u201d\u7684\u538b\u5236\uff0c\u6b64\u79cd\u4e3b\u6d41\u4e0e\u5c0f\u4f17\u4e4b\u5206\uff0c\u57cb\u6ca1\u4e86\u5386\u53f2\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u4e3b\u6d41\u201d\u7684\u300a\u5987\u5973\u6742\u5fd7\u300b\u53d7\u5230\u4e24\u79cd\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u4f53\u7cfb\u6240\u652f\u6491\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u53d9\u4e8b\u4e2d\u65b0\u65e7\u5bf9\u7acb\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u53f2\u89c2\u3002\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e94\u56db\u4e3a\u6807\u5c3a\u7684\u65b0\u65e7\u5206\u91ce\u6210\u4e3a\u8868\u8ff0\u73b0\u4ee3\u6587\u5b66\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5355\u4e00\u8303\u5f0f\uff0c\u65e7\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\u88ab\u9884\u5148\u8ba4\u5b9a\u662f\u4fdd\u5b88\u800c\u5931\u8d25\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u6240\u53cd\u6620\u7684\u6027\u522b\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u4e5f\u88ab\u5f52\u7eb3\u4e3a\u7236\u6743\u5236\u7684\u3001\u538b\u8feb\u5973\u6027\u7684\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u8bed\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u65b0\u6587\u5b66\u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\/><figcaption>\u300a\u5987\u5973\u6742\u5fd7\u300b\uff08\u4e0a\u6d77\uff09<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u79cd\u8bdd\u8bed\u5219\u662f\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e0e\u8fb9\u7f18\u7684\u5730\u57df\u653f\u6cbb\u3002\u5b66\u754c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6c11\u56fd\u5370\u5237\u6587\u5316\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5e38\u9650\u5b9a\u4e8e\u5317\u4eac\u4e0e\u4e0a\u6d77\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u800c\u5c06\u5730\u57df\u6027\u7684\u62a5\u520a\u6587\u5316\u751f\u4ea7\u7f6e\u4e8e\u8fb9\u7f18\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5bf9\u8fb9\u7f18\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u4e0d\u4ec5\u57cb\u6ca1\u4e86\u4f17\u591a\u7684\u5728\u5730\u58f0\u97f3\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4ee5\u504f\u6982\u5168\uff0c\u5c06\u4e0a\u6d77\u6216\u5317\u4eac\u5730\u533a\u7684\u6587\u5316\u5b9e\u8df5\u7528\u4ee5\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u201d\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5973\u6027\u201d\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u6837\u8c8c\u3002\u665a\u6e05\u6c11\u56fd\u7684\u5973\u6027\u671f\u520a\u4e2d\u5176\u5b9e\u6709\u7740\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u5730\u57df\u5149\u8c31\uff0c\u5404\u5730\u5730\u65b9\u5973\u6821\u3001\u5987\u5973\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3001\u6587\u5316\u51fa\u7248\u673a\u6784\u90fd\u5174\u529e\u9762\u5411\u5973\u6027\u8bfb\u8005\u7684\u62a5\u7eb8\u6742\u5fd7\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u8f83\u4e3a\u5927\u578b\u7684\u6709\u676d\u5dde\u300a\u5987\u5973\u65ec\u520a\u300b(1917\u20141935\uff0c1946\u20141948)\u3001\u4e91\u5357\u300a\u5973\u5b66\u754c\u300b(1923\u20141924)\u3001\u5b89\u5fbd\u300a\u5973\u949f\u300b(1929\u20141932)\u3001\u5357\u660c\u300a\u5973\u58f0\u300b(1938\u20141940)\u7b49\u3002\u4f46\u9057\u61be\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5730\u65b9\u5973\u6027\u671f\u520a\u90fd\u6b8b\u7f3a\u4e0d\u5168\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5370\u5237\u672c\u6863\u6848\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5236\u4f5c\u6210\u6570\u5b57\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u66f4\u662f\u5c11\u4e4b\u53c8\u5c11\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7531\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u6863\u6848\u751f\u4ea7\u5de5\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e24\u79cd\u601d\u7ef4\u4e60\u60ef\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u300a\u5987\u5973\u6742\u5fd7\u300b\u66f4\u5177\u4ee3\u8868\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u66f4\u503c\u5f97\u88ab\u6863\u6848\u5316\u3002\u4f46\u300a\u5987\u5973\u6742\u5fd7\u300b\u6240\u5448\u73b0\u7684\u6c11\u56fd\u5973\u6027\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6bd5\u7adf\u662f\u5355\u4e00\u7684\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4e0d\u540c\u6587\u5316\u548c\u5730\u57df\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u4ea4\u7ec7\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5bf9\u300a\u5987\u5973\u6742\u5fd7\u300b\u7684\u72ec\u5c0a\uff0c\u4e0a\u56fe\u7248\u548c\u8d85\u661f\u7248\u8fd9\u7c7b\u5927\u578b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\uff0c\u6536\u85cf\u7740\u66f4\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5bb9\u7eb3\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u65e7\u6d3e\u4e0e\u5730\u65b9\u6027\u7684\u5973\u6027\u671f\u520a\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u8df3\u8131\u51fa\u65e2\u6709\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u6210\u89c1\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u6c11\u56fd\u5973\u6027\u671f\u520a\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6837\u6001\u3002\u82e5\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u6709\u5fc3\u6316\u6398\u8fd9\u4e00\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u6216\u80fd\u5efa\u7acb\u300a\u5987\u5973\u6742\u5fd7\u300b\u4e4b\u5916\u66f4\u4e3a\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u6c11\u56fd\u5973\u6027\u7ecf\u9a8c\u8bdd\u8bed\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\"><strong>\u4e09\u3001\u9605\u8bfb\u671f\u520a\uff0c\u9605\u8bfb\u6863\u6848<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e2d\u56fd\u73b0\u4ee3\u6587\u5b66\u671f\u520a\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8457\u540d\u5b66\u8005\u8d3a\u9ea6\u6653(Michel Hockx)\u7b49\u63d0\u51fa\u6c11\u56fd\u5973\u6027\u671f\u520a\u7684\u56db\u79cd\u9605\u8bfb\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u4e3a:\u5e73\u884c\u9605\u8bfb(horizontal reading)\uff0c\u7ec6\u8bfb\u520a\u7269\u67d0\u4e00\u671f\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6750\u6599(\u6587\u672c\u3001\u56fe\u50cf\u3001\u5e7f\u544a\u7b49)\u4ee5\u8fd8\u539f\u5f53\u65f6\u8bfb\u8005\u7684\u9605\u8bfb\u7ecf\u9a8c;\u5782\u76f4\u9605\u8bfb(vertical reading)\uff0c\u8ffd\u8e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u6587\u7c7b\u6216\u4e3b\u9898\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u671f\u520a\u6574\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u8109\u7edc;\u7efc\u5408\u9605\u8bfb(integrated reading)\uff0c\u89c2\u5bdf\u540c\u65f6\u671f\u591a\u79cd\u671f\u520a\u4e2d\u590d\u73b0\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e0e\u5f62\u8c61;\u60c5\u5883\u9605\u8bfb(situated reading)\uff0c\u5728\u671f\u520a\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u5316\u8d44\u6e90(\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u732e\u3001\u56de\u5fc6\u5f55\u3001\u5c0f\u8bf4\u3001\u7535\u5f71)\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u6587\u5316\u8109\u7edc\u4e0b\u68c0\u89c6\u67d0\u4e00\u8bdd\u9898<sup>[12]<\/sup>\u3002\u8fd9\u56db\u79cd\u9605\u8bfb\u65b9\u6cd5\u867d\u7136\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u89c6\u91ce\u6216\u5927\u6216\u5c0f\uff0c\u4f46\u6838\u5fc3\u4e4b\u5904\u90fd\u662f\u5f3a\u8c03\u5c06\u5355\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\u5185\u5bb9\u653e\u5165\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u8bed\u5883\u4e2d\u53bb\u9605\u8bfb\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u91cd\u8fd4\u6587\u5316\u73b0\u573a\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5316\u503e\u5411\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5f15\u5165(\u6570\u5b57)\u6863\u6848\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u89d2\u5ea6\u53bb\u601d\u8003\u6c11\u56fd\u5973\u6027\u671f\u520a\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u53cd\u601d\u8fd9\u4e00\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4e0d\u8db3\u4e4b\u5904\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u514b\u7f57\u9f50\u4e3a\u4eba\u719f\u77e5\u7684\u547d\u9898\u201c\u4e00\u5207\u5386\u53f2\u90fd\u662f\u5f53\u4ee3\u53f2\u201d\u6240\u63ed\u793a\u7684\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9610\u91ca\u8005\u4e0d\u53ef\u8ff7\u4fe1\u5386\u53f2\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u8981\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u672c\u8eab\u9610\u91ca\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u4e0e\u63ed\u793a\u5386\u53f2\u9762\u8c8c\u7684\u7247\u9762\u6027\u3002\u4ece\u6863\u6848\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5e73\u884c\u9605\u8bfb\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6863\u6848\u5bf9\u6750\u6599\u7684\u4fdd\u5b58\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8f83\u4e3a\u5f3a\u8c03\u5386\u53f2\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5782\u76f4\u9605\u8bfb\u3001\u7efc\u5408\u9605\u8bfb\u3001\u60c5\u5883\u9605\u8bfb\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u8981\u770b\u5230\u4f5c\u4e3a\u539f\u6750\u6599\u7684\u201c\u671f\u520a\u201d\u5728\u6863\u6848\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u906d\u9047\u591a\u91cd\u4e2d\u4ecb\u4e0e\u8f6c\u6362\u800c\u88f9\u631f\u7684\u6743\u529b\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u601d\u8003\u6863\u6848\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u8109\u7edc:\u6211\u4eec\u4e3a\u4f55\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u9762\u524d\u7684\u6863\u6848?\u4e3a\u4f55\u5b83\u4f1a\u88ab\u6863\u6848\u5316?\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u5185\u5bb9\u88ab\u6392\u9664\u6216\u5f3a\u8c03?\u662f\u7531\u4f55\u79cd\u4eba\u6216\u673a\u6784\u51fa\u4e8e\u4f55\u79cd\u76ee\u7684\u6240\u4e3a?\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u9605\u8bfb\u65f6\u8981\u505a\u53cc\u91cd\u9605\u8bfb:\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8981\u9605\u8bfb\u671f\u520a\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u8109\u7edc\uff0c\u4e5f\u8981\u9605\u8bfb\u6536\u85cf\u671f\u520a\u7684\u6863\u6848\u7684\u8109\u7edc\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Trouillot\u8003\u5bdf\u4e86\u6743\u529b\u3001\u6863\u6848\u4e0e\u77e5\u8bc6\u751f\u4ea7\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u9057\u6f0f\u548c\u6392\u9664\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u4e8e\u201c\u56db\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u65f6\u523b\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5206\u522b\u662f:\u539f\u6750\u6599\u751f\u6210\u65f6\u3001\u6863\u6848\u751f\u6210\u65f6\u3001\u53d9\u4e8b\u751f\u6210\u65f6\u3001\u610f\u4e49\u751f\u6210\u65f6<sup>[13]<\/sup>\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u7ecf\u9a8c\u90fd\u6709\u6750\u6599\u53cd\u6620\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6750\u6599\u90fd\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u4fdd\u5b58\u3001\u7f16\u6210\u6863\u6848\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6863\u6848\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5168\u90fd\u88ab\u6253\u5f00\u6765\u91cd\u65b0\u8bb2\u8ff0\u4e43\u81f3\u8d4b\u4e88\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u8d3a\u9ea6\u6653\u7b49\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u9605\u8bfb\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4ec5\u5728\u53d9\u4e8b\u4e0e\u610f\u4e49\u751f\u6210\u65f6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u51cf\u5c11\u9057\u6f0f\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5bf9\u539f\u6750\u6599\u4e0e\u6863\u6848\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u6c11\u56fd\u5973\u6027\u671f\u520a\u7684\u5404\u7c7b\u6863\u6848\u8fdb\u884c\u77e5\u8bc6\u751f\u4ea7\u6d3b\u52a8\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u68c0\u9605\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u201c\u56db\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u65f6\u523b\u201d\u6765\u8861\u91cf\u81ea\u8eab\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4ecd\u4ee5\u300a\u5987\u5973\u6742\u5fd7\u300b\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u300a\u5987\u5973\u6742\u5fd7\u300b\u5448\u73b0\u6216\u6ca1\u6709\u5448\u73b0\u54ea\u4e9b\u5973\u6027\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3001\u300a\u5987\u5973\u6742\u5fd7\u300b\u7684\u6863\u6848\u6216\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7a81\u51fa\u6216\u5220\u53bb\u4e86\u54ea\u4e9b\u5185\u5bb9\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5982\u4f55\u9009\u53d6\u6216\u5ffd\u7565\u300a\u5987\u5973\u6742\u5fd7\u300b\u6863\u6848\u4e2d\u7684\u6750\u6599\u5efa\u6784\u53d9\u4e8b\u3001\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u53d9\u4e8b\u6700\u7ec8\u751f\u4ea7\u51fa\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u9700\u8981\u53cd\u601d\u7684\u73af\u8282\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u7ed3\u8bba\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u672c\u6587\u4ece\u6570\u5b57\u6863\u6848\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u63a2\u7d22\u300a\u5987\u5973\u6742\u5fd7\u300b\u4e0e\u6c11\u56fd\u5973\u6027\u671f\u520a\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5e38\u5e38\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u7684\u4e00\u9762\uff0c\u5373\u6863\u6848\u5236\u4f5c\u8005\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6863\u6848\u7684\u5efa\u6784\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u5bf9\u8fd0\u7528\u6863\u6848\u8fdb\u884c\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u7814\u7a76\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u5730\u5c06\u6863\u6848\u7f6e\u4e8e\u5386\u53f2\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u6743\u529b\u4e2d\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u6863\u6848\u4e0d\u662f\u900f\u660e\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u50a8\u5b58\u573a\u6240\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u201c\u5df2\u7ecf\u4f9d\u7167\u7279\u5b9a\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u548c\u9700\u8981\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u6587\u672c\u201d<sup>[14]<\/sup>\u3002\u56f4\u7ed5\u300a\u5987\u5973\u6742\u5fd7\u300b\u7684\u56db\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u6863\u6848\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u6863\u6848\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u4e2d\u4ecb\uff0c\u8054\u7ed3\u7740\u5386\u53f2\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3001\u6863\u6848\u5236\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u81ea\u8eab\u6311\u9009\u6750\u6599\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u6863\u6848\u65f6\uff0c\u8981\u5bf9\u6863\u6848\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8005\u7684\u610f\u56fe\u8fdb\u884c\u5145\u5206\u601d\u8003\u3002\u5f53\u9762\u5bf9\u6709\u4e30\u5bcc\u5143\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u6863\u6848\u65f6\u66f4\u8981\u7559\u610f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d77\u7d22\u5f15\u4f5c\u7528\u3001\u65b9\u4fbf\u6211\u4eec\u67e5\u627e\u6750\u6599\u7684\u5143\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u6307\u5357\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u53d8\u6210\u9677\u9631\uff0c\u4ee4\u6211\u4eec\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u6863\u6848\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8005\u6240\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u8bae\u9898\u4e2d\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u6863\u6848\u7684\u751f\u6210\u8109\u7edc\u5916\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u6863\u6848\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u4e5f\u63a8\u52a8\u6211\u4eec\u601d\u8003\u6863\u6848\u7684\u5a92\u4ecb\u6027\u53ca\u5176\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u5370\u5237\u6863\u6848\u4e0e\u6570\u5b57\u6863\u6848\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5728\u4e8e\u5a92\u4ecb\u4f7f\u7528\u4f53\u9a8c\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u2014\u2014\u4ece\u4eb2\u81ea\u9605\u89c8\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6863\u6848\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u6027\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u901a\u8fc7\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0e\u8d85\u94fe\u63a5\u53bb\u63a5\u89e6\u3001\u4e32\u8054\u6863\u6848\u4e2d\u7684\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u66f4\u5728\u4e8e\u6570\u5b57\u5a92\u4ecb\u6240\u542f\u52a8\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u7684\u65b0\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u80fd\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u5e26\u6765\u65b0\u7684\u524d\u666f\uff0c\u5982\u5904\u7406\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u3001\u591a\u8282\u70b9\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u5f0f\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u65b0\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u5982\u8d44\u6599\u7684\u829c\u6742\u3001\u5bf9\u7ec6\u8bfb\u7684\u5ffd\u89c6\u7b49\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5b9e\u8df5\u540c\u6837\u503c\u5f97\u53cd\u601d<sup>[15]<\/sup>\u3002\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u6863\u6848\u7684\u5236\u9020\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8fd8\u662f\u5176\u5a92\u4ecb\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u80cc\u540e\u90fd\u9690\u542b\u7740\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u9650\u5236\u7740\u6211\u4eec\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u54ea\u4e9b\u6750\u6599\u3001\u8fd0\u7528\u54ea\u4e9b\u9610\u91ca\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4ece\u6863\u6848\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u8ba4\u8bc6\u65e7\u671f\u520a\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u7814\u7a76\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e0e\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u53cd\u601d\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u65f6\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b64\u7acb\u800c\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53<sup>[16]<\/sup>\uff0c\u95ed\u95e8\u9020\u7fb9\u5f0f\u5730\u641c\u96c6\u6750\u6599\u3001\u5206\u6790\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5904\u4e8e\u4e16\u754c\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5904\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u3001\u6863\u6848\u3001\u6863\u6848\u5236\u4f5c\u8005\u6240\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u591a\u91cd\u5173\u7cfb\u7f51\u7edc\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u5f62\u5851\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u9610\u91ca\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u6709\u9650\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u62c6\u89e3\u51fa\u53d1\u8a00\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6240\u9690\u542b\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u6743\u529b\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u4e3a\u66f4\u5177\u6279\u5224\u6027\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u751f\u4ea7\u5e26\u6765\u53ef\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong><span style=\"color:#003abc\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Digital Archive and Methodological Reflections on Studies of Women\u2019s Periodicals in Republican China: A Case Study of Databases of\u00a0<em>Ladies\u2019Journal<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sheng Zhifan<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Abstract:&nbsp;<\/strong>The role of archivists in shaping the digital collection can&nbsp;be detected in the setting of metadata and the modification of original materials, which suggests archivists\u2019 own understanding of the printed archive and its representation of historical experiences. Taking four databases of&nbsp;<em>Ladies\u2019 Journal<\/em>&nbsp;as examples, this paper focuses on the archival construction by examining the establishment and using of databases in the studies of women\u2019s periodicals in Republican China. In light of feminist reflections on issues of \u201coutsiderness\u201d and \u201cinsiderness,\u201d this paper critically evaluates the work of two types of archivists in the field of Chinese women\u2019s periodicals. It also considers methodological problems of using databases in periodical studies, arguing that researchers should read not only the context of the periodical itself, but also the context of the archive in which the periodical iscollected.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong>\u00a0Digital archive; Database; Women\u2019s periodical;\u00a0<em>Ladies\u2019 Journal<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\">\u7f16 \u8f91\u00a0 |\u00a0\u738b\u6ce2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u6ce8\u91ca\uff1a<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><br>[1]\u7f51\u5740\u4e3ahttp:\/\/mhdb.mh.sinica.edu.tw\/fnzz\/index.htm\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[2]\u7f51\u5740\u4e3ahttps:\/\/kjc-sv034.kjc.uni-heidelberg.de\/frauenzeitschriften\/index.php\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[3]\u7f51\u5740\u4e3ahttp:\/\/www.cnbksy.cn\/literature\/literature\/2de64b26db09e4c0e879112e0e848058\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[4]\u7f51\u5740\u4e3ahttp:\/\/www.chinamaxx.net\/\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[5]\u5143\u6570\u636e\u5373\u63cf\u8ff0\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u7528\u6765\u5e2e\u52a9\u4eba\u4eec\u4e86\u89e3\u548c\u68c0\u7d22\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[6]https:\/\/kjc-sv034.kjc.uni-heidelberg.de\/frauenzeitschriften\/public\/project\/project_history.php\uff0c2019\u5e745\u67087\u65e5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[7]\u5728\u6b64\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u53ef\u53c2\u8003\u300a\u8fd1\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u5987\u5973\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u300b2004\u5e74\u7b2c12\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[8]Sandra Acker,\u201cIn\/Out\/Side: Positioning the Researcher in Feminist Qualitative Research, \u201dResources for Feminist Research , vol. 28, no. 1-2, 2000, pp. 189-208.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[9]\u53ef\u53c2\u8003\u9ec4\u9526\u73e0:\u300a\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u63a9\u6620:\u3008\u7709\u8bed\u3009\u5973\u4f5c\u5bb6\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u60c5\u7231\u4e66\u5199\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5b66\u5b66\u62a5\u300b2012\u5e74\u7b2c3\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[10]\u7f57\u5bb6\u4f26:\u300a\u4eca\u65e5\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e4b\u6742\u5fd7\u754c\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u65b0\u6f6e\u300b\u7b2c1\u5377\u7b2c4\u53f7(1919\u5e744\u6708)\uff0c\u7b2c627\u9875\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u300a\u5987\u5973\u6742\u5fd7\u300b\u6539\u9769\u4e2d\u7684\u65b0\u6587\u5316\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u53ef\u53c2\u8003\u96f7\u8d85:\u300a\u8305\u76fe\u4e0e\u3008\u5987\u5973\u6742\u5fd7\u3009\u7b2c\u516d\u5377\u9769\u65b0\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u73b0\u4ee3\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e1b\u520a\u300b2018\u5e74\u7b2c3\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[11]http:\/\/mhdb.mh.sinica.edu.tw\/fnzz\/\uff0c2019\u5e745\u67087\u65e5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[12]Joan Judge, Barbara Mittler and Michel Hockx,\u201cIntroduction: Women\u2019s Journals as Multigeneric Artefacts,\u201din Michel Hockx, Joan Judge and Barbara Mittler eds.,&nbsp;<em>Women and the Periodical Press in China\u2019s Long Twentieth Century: A Space of Their Own?<\/em>&nbsp;Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018, pp. 8-10.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[13]Michel-Rolph Trouillot,&nbsp;<em>Silencing the Past: Power and the Production of History,&nbsp;<\/em>Boston: Beacon Press, 1995, p. 26.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[14]Griselda Pollock\u201c, Trouble in the Archives,\u201d<em>Women\u2019s Art Magazine<\/em>, no. 54,1993, pp. 10-13.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[15]\u738b\u6c4e\u68ee:\u300a\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u4e4b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u53ca\u9650\u5236\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u300b\uff0c\u9879\u6d01\u7f16:\u300a\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u7814\u7a76\u4e0e\u6280\u827a\u300b\uff0c\u53f0\u5317:\u53f0\u6e7e\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c2014\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c25\u201435\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[16]Catherine E. Hundleby,\u201cFeminist Empiricism,\u201din Hesse-Biber and Sharlene Nagy eds.,\u00a0<em>Handbook of Feminist Research<\/em>: Theory and Praxis, Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications, 2012, pp. 28-43.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u539f\u520a\u300a\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u300b2020\u5e74\u7b2c2\u671f\uff0c\u8f6c\u8f7d\u8bf7\u8054\u7cfb\u6388\u6743\u3002<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5236\u4f5c\u8005\u5bf9\u6570\u5b57\u6863\u6848\u7684\u5851\u9020\uff0c\u53ef\u89c1\u4e8e\u5143\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\u548c\u5bf9\u6863\u6848\u5185\u5bb9\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u5220\u6539\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5851\u9020\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u2026\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2683,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[115],"tags":[926,351,924,384,925,347],"class_list":["post-2682","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-115","tag-926","tag-351","tag-924","tag-384","tag-925","tag-347"],"blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":6}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2682","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2682"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2682\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2685,"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2682\/revisions\/2685"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2683"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2682"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2682"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2682"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}