{"id":6017,"date":"2021-05-04T09:17:00","date_gmt":"2021-05-04T01:17:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/?p=6017"},"modified":"2024-04-04T01:33:38","modified_gmt":"2024-04-03T17:33:38","slug":"%e7%bb%8f%e6%b5%8e%e5%ad%a6%e3%80%81%e7%a7%8d%e6%97%8f%e5%92%8c%e7%be%8e%e5%9b%bd%e6%88%98%e5%90%8e%e5%b0%8f%e8%af%b4%e4%b8%80%e9%83%a8%e8%ae%a1%e9%87%8f%e6%96%87%e5%ad%a6%e5%8f%b2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/site\/works\/dhjournal\/202004\/6017.html","title":{"rendered":"\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u3001\u79cd\u65cf\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6218\u540e\u5c0f\u8bf4:\u4e00\u90e8\u8ba1\u91cf\u6587\u5b66\u53f2"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u4e39\u5c3c\u00b7\u8f9b\u5c3c\u91d1\uff0c\u82cf\u771f\uff0c\u6770\u897f\u5361\u00b7\u626c\uff1b \u8f6c\u81ea\uff1a\u516c\u4f17\u53f7 DH\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong><span style=\"color:#60569a\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8df5<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Wei_Xin_Tu_Pian_20210327135625-1024x436.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6013\" width=\"619\" height=\"264\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Wei_Xin_Tu_Pian_20210327135625-1024x436.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Wei_Xin_Tu_Pian_20210327135625-300x128.jpg 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Wei_Xin_Tu_Pian_20210327135625-768x327.jpg 768w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Wei_Xin_Tu_Pian_20210327135625-1536x654.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Wei_Xin_Tu_Pian_20210327135625.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 619px) 100vw, 619px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u4e39\u5c3c\u00b7\u8f9b\u5c3c\u91d1&nbsp;\/&nbsp;\u7f8e\u56fd\u57c3\u9ed8\u91cc\u5927\u5b66\u82f1\u6587\u7cfb<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u82cf\u771f&nbsp;\/&nbsp;\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u9ea6\u5409\u5c14\u5927\u5b66\u82f1\u8bed\u548c\u6587\u5316\u5206\u6790\u7cfb<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u6770\u897f\u5361\u00b7\u626c&nbsp;\/&nbsp;\u7f8e\u56fd\u5723\u6bcd\u5927\u5b66\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u674e\u6bc5\u7fd4(\u8bd1)&nbsp;\/&nbsp;\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u591a\u4f26\u591a\u5927\u5b66\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7cfb<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u5f90\u66e6(\u8bd1\u6821)&nbsp;\/&nbsp;\u5317\u4eac\u5e08\u8303\u5927\u5b66\u2014\u9999\u6e2f\u6d78\u4f1a\u5927\u5b66\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u9645\u5b66\u9662<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u6458\u8981:<\/span><\/strong>\u805a\u7126\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5206\u652f\u8ba1\u7b97\u6279\u8bc4(computational criticism)\uff0c\u4ee5\u5efa\u6a21\u4e3a\u65b9\u6cd5(modeling as method)\uff0c\u6784\u5efa\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\uff0c\u4ee5\u300a\u725b\u6d25\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8f9e\u5178\u300b\u4e2d\u53cd\u6620\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5b66\u79d1\u4e2d\u6700\u666e\u904d\u548c\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u672f\u8bed\u548c\u6982\u5ff5\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u4e8e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b66\u79d1\u5728\u6587\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u7814\u7a761950\u5e74\u81f32000\u5e74\u95f4\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8bed\u8a00\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\u7f8e\u56fd\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5bb6\u57281970\u5e74\u4ee3\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u66f4\u4e3a\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u4e60\u8bed\u6e17\u900f\u5165\u7f8e\u56fd\u5c0f\u8bf4\uff0c\u8bc1\u5b9e\u548c\u6269\u5c55\u4e86\u9971\u53d7\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u53d9\u4e8b\u5728\u6587\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6e17\u900f;\u53d1\u73b0\u9ed1\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u4f5c\u5bb6\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bed\u8a00\u4e0a\u8fdc\u8fdc\u5c11\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u79cd\u65cf\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u63ed\u9732\u4e86\u5979\u4eec\u4e0e\u5b66\u9662\u6d3e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u5404\u81ea\u8bbe\u60f3\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u751f\u6d3b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u8ddd\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u4e861990\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u8bb6\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e:\u9ed1\u4eba\u5987\u5973\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u9053\u8def\uff0c\u66f4\u4e3a\u9891\u7e41\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8bed\u8a00;\u800c\u7537\u6027\u4f7f\u7528\u5e26\u6709\u5974\u96b6\u5236\u8272\u5f69\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u9891\u7387\u8fdc\u8fdc\u8d85\u8fc7\u5973\u6027\u3002\u6587\u5b66\u5efa\u6a21\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u4ee5\u5b9e\u8bc1\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e4b\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u5229\u7528\u6570\u91cf\u548c\u89c4\u6a21\u4e0a\u7684\u53ef\u89c1\u6027\u6765\u5efa\u7acb\u521d\u6b65\u7684\u8bba\u65ad\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ec6\u81f4\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u548c\u5f15\u51fa\u53ef\u4f9b\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63a2\u8ba8\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\uff1a<\/span><\/strong>\u8ba1\u7b97\u6279\u8bc4&nbsp;\u5efa\u6a21&nbsp;\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66&nbsp;\u6587\u5b66&nbsp;\u79cd\u65cf&nbsp;\u7f8e\u56fd\u6218\u540e\u5c0f\u8bf4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ca1\u6709\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u9886\u57df\u3002\u8bfb\u5230\u5bf9\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u7684\u4f17\u591a\u6279\u8bc4\u65f6\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u8bfb\u5230\u8be5\u9886\u57df\u4e00\u4f4d\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u8005\u7684\u8bf8\u591a\u58f0\u660e\u65f6\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u6216\u8bb8\u4f1a\u5f97\u51fa\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002\u5f17\u5170\u514b\u00b7\u83ab\u96f7\u8482(Franco Moretti)\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u7684\u4ee3\u540d\u8bcd\uff0c\u4ed6\u58f0\u79f0\u8be5\u9886\u57df\u662f\u201c\u975e\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u201d(un-theoretical)\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5904\u4e8e\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u6c38\u4e45\u63a2\u7d22\u7684\u72c2\u70ed\u60c5\u7eea\u201d<sup>[1]<\/sup>\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e3a\u6279\u8bc4\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u673a\u4f1a\u30022017\u5e74\uff0c\u83ab\u96f7\u8482\u5199\u9053:\u201c\u5927\u6570\u636e\u8ba9\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u597d\u5947\u5fc3\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u8fd9\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u4ee4\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u663e\u5f97\u5e73\u5eb8\u3002\u201d<sup>[2]<\/sup>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bc4\u8bba\u4fc3\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u6df1\u4fe1\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u6709\u8bf8\u591a\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u524a\u5f31\u4e86\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005(digital humanists)\u4e3a\u63a2\u7d22\u6b64\u9886\u57df\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u2014\u2014\u591a\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u56f4\u7ed5\u7740\u7edf\u8ba1\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u53d1\u5c55\u4e00\u79cd\u4e25\u5bc6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u805a\u7126\u4e8e\u8ba1\u7b97\u6279\u8bc4(computational criticism)\uff0c\u8fd9\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u83ab\u96f7\u8482\u4e0e\u65af\u5766\u798f\u6587\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4(Stanford Literary Lab)\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u6d89\u53ca\u4e8e\u6b64\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u5df2\u7ecf\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u83ab\u96f7\u8482\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u6279\u8bc4\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8ba1\u7b97\u6279\u8bc4\u5c06\u8f6c\u5411\u4ee5\u5efa\u6a21\u4e3a\u65b9\u6cd5(modeling as method)\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a\u6848\u4f8b\u6765\u652f\u6301\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5efa\u6a21\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u5b66\u53f2\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u64cd\u63a7(manipulate)\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u5b66\u9662\u6d3e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e0e\u9ed1\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5bb6\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u751f\u6d3b\u6301\u6709\u76f8\u4e92\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u5efa\u6a21\u65f6\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u6279\u8bc4\u5bb6\u5fc5\u987b\u5e94\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u666e\u904d\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u5373\u5b9a\u91cf\u6a21\u578b\u88ab\u4f01\u4e1a\u6216\u56fd\u5bb6\u6240\u64cd\u7eb5\u65f6\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u635f\u5bb3\u3002\u5728\u8bc4\u8bba\u6700\u8fd1\u5e7f\u53d7\u8bfb\u8005\u6b22\u8fce\u5e76\u5411\u5176\u63ed\u9732\u201c\u5927\u6570\u636e\u7684\u9634\u6697\u9762\u201d\u7684\u4e66\u7c4d\u65f6<sup>[3]<\/sup>\uff0c\u514b\u91cc\u65af\u6258\u5f17\u00b7\u7ebd\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7(Christopher Newfield)\u8868\u8fbe\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5173\u5207\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u70b9\u4eba\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5c24\u4e3a\u611f\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u201c\u4e00\u79cd\u6570\u5b57\u72ec\u6709\u7684\u5fae\u5999\u800c\u96be\u4ee5\u903e\u8d8a\u7684\u5c40\u9650:\u5b83\u538c\u6076\u8bc4\u4f30\u65e5\u5e38\u7ecf\u9a8c\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u9610\u91ca\u8fc7\u7a0b\u201d\u3002<sup>[4]<\/sup>\u5373\u4fbf\u6211\u4eec\u4e0e\u7ebd\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u8b66\u60d5\u5bf9\u91cf\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\u5929\u771f\u7684\u4fe1\u8d56\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5c0a\u91cd\u7ebd\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u6279\u5224\u6b64\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u8bf8\u591a\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ecd\u7136\u5efa\u8bae\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u79d1\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4ec5\u4ec5\u63ed\u9732\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6ee5\u7528\u3002\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5e94\u8be5\uff0c\u517b\u6210\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u7d20\u517b(literacy)\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4ece\u6279\u5224\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u53bb\u8fd0\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f55\u4e3a\u6a21\u578b?\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0a\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u7edf\u8ba1\u7684\u3001\u56fe\u50cf\u7684\u6216\u8005\u7269\u7406\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u662f\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u73b0\u5b9e\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7b80\u5316\u7684\u518d\u73b0(representations)\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4ee5\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7b97\u6cd5\u548c\u6570\u5b66\u516c\u5f0f\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5448\u73b0\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u501f\u6b64\u7406\u89e3\u6216\u9884\u6d4b\u5b9e\u8bc1\u53d8\u91cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5927\u5b66\u5165\u5b66\u8003\u8bd5(SAT)\u5206\u6570\u4e0e\u5927\u5b66\u5f55\u53d6\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u80fd\u88ab\u64cd\u63a7\u3002\u5b9a\u91cf\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u660e\u767d\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u7c97\u7565\u5730\u63a5\u8fd1\u73b0\u5b9e\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u4ed6\u4eec\u9012\u5f52\u5730\u8c03\u6574\u6a21\u578b\u2014\u2014\u6539\u53d8\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5f15\u5165\u65b0\u53d8\u91cf\u2014\u2014\u4ee5\u4fbf\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u5206\u6790\u6570\u636e\u3002\u800c\u4f34\u968f\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5371\u9669\u662f\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u81ea\u8eab\u53ef\u80fd\u53d8\u5f97\u4e0d\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u4f7f\u6570\u636e\u770b\u4e0a\u53bb\u81ea\u7136\u800c\u7136\u3001\u6beb\u65e0\u4e89\u8bae\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u4e54\u5b89\u5a1c\u00b7\u5fb7\u9c81\u514b(Johanna Drucker)\u6240\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6279\u5224\u6027\u4f7f\u7528\u9700\u8981\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u201c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\u5206\u6790\u7a0b\u5e8f\u672c\u8eab\u5fc5\u7136\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9610\u91ca\u884c\u4e3a\u201d\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u5c06\u201c\u6587\u5316\u7684\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u504f\u89c1\u5d4c\u5165\u5176\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e4b\u4e2d\u201d\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<sup>[5]<\/sup>\u8981\u907f\u514d\u5c06\u6a21\u578b\u81ea\u7136\u5316\u6210\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u2014\u2014\u4ee5\u53ca\u8981\u57f9\u517b\u4e00\u79cd\u6279\u5224\u7684\u6587\u5316\u2014\u2014\u5b66\u8005\u5fc5\u987b\u65f6\u523b\u5c06\u5176\u5728\u5efa\u6a21\u65f6\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0e\u9009\u62e9\u53d8\u5f97\u53ef\u89c1\u3002\u5efa\u6a21\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u90fd\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u63a8\u7406\u548c\u9610\u91ca\u3002\u7ebd\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u62c5\u5fc3\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u603b\u662f\u53d7\u9650\u4e8e\u5176\u5bf9\u9610\u91ca\u7684\u6297\u62d2\u4e2d\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u4e3a\u4ed6\u7684\u5fe7\u8651\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u79cd\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u6a21\u578b\u8ba9\u6570\u5b57\u8fdb\u5165\u9610\u91ca\u3002\u5efa\u6a21\u5728\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u4f55\u79cd\u9762\u76ee?<sup>[6]<\/sup>\u5b89\u5fb7\u9c81\u00b7\u6d3e\u73c0(Anderw Piper)\u8bd5\u56fe\u201c\u5f00\u542f\u90a3\u65e9\u8be5\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u5bf9\u8ba1\u7b97\u5efa\u6a21\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u53cd\u601d\u201d<sup>[7]<\/sup>\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u7ec6\u8bfb\u201d\u548c\u201c\u8fdc\u8bfb\u201d(close and distant reading)\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e92\u8865\u7684\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u9700\u8981\u5faa\u73af\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u4ed6\u5199\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u731b\u70c8\u62a8\u51fb\u50f5\u5316\u7684\u201c\u975e\u6b64\u5373\u5f7c\u201d\u8bba<sup>[8]<\/sup>\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u9610\u91ca\u5b66\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6765\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u5730\u5206\u6790\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u6d3e\u73c0\u8bbe\u60f3\u5728\u6587\u672c\u7ec6\u8bfb\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u7814\u7a76\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u89c2\u5ff5\u51fa\u53d1\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u68c0\u89c6\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u4ee5\u671f\u4f7f\u4e4b\u7cbe\u70bc\u548c\u51c6\u786e\u3002\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u5c06\u6211\u4eec\u5bfc\u5411\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u6bb5\u843d\u8fdb\u884c\u7ec6\u8bfb\uff0c\u518d\u4f9d\u636e\u6587\u672c\u7ec6\u8bfb\u4fee\u6b63\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u5f80\u590d\u5faa\u73af\u3002\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u7b80\u5316\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u201c\u5728\u66f4\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u4e0a\u7406\u89e3\u590d\u6742\u6027\u201d<sup>[9]<\/sup>\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u6211\u4eec\u8fd4\u56de\u5230\u7ec6\u8bfb\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u6539\u5584\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u88ab\u6a21\u578b\u5ffd\u7565\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u6d3e\u73c0\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u9605\u8bfb\u6d3b\u52a8(movement)\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cd\u590d\u7684\u3001\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u3001\u8fa9\u8bc1\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5b83\u87ba\u65cb\u5f0f\u5730\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4e0d\u80fd\u771f\u6b63\u62b5\u8fbe\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u65ad\u63a5\u8fd1\u201c\u4e00\u4e2a\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e2d\u5fc3\u201d\u3002<sup>[10]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5\u6d3e\u73c0\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u7814\u7a761950\u5e74\u81f32000\u5e74\u95f4\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8bed\u8a00\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u95e8\u5b66\u79d1\uff0c\u5b83\u6240\u7f16\u64b0\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8bed\u8a00\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8fdb\u5165\u6218\u540e\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684?\u5728\u8bed\u8a00\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u662f\u5426\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5bb6?\u5982\u679c\u662f\uff0c\u600e\u6837\u5f71\u54cd?\u5f71\u54cd\u591a\u5927?\u867d\u7136\u672a\u7ecf\u5b9e\u8bc1\u68c0\u9a8c\uff0c\u4ece\u5f53\u524d\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u548c\u6587\u5316\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u7814\u7a76\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u6d4b\u5f97\u51fa\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8bed\u8a00\u57281980\u524d\u540e\u66f4\u52a0\u76db\u884c\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u767d\u4eba\u7537\u6027\u4e4b\u95f4;\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e00\u60f3\u6cd5\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u529b\u56fe\u4f7f\u4e4b\u590d\u6742\u5316\uff0c\u8d4b\u4e88\u5176\u66f4\u591a\u7ec6\u8282\u3002\u8bfb\u8005\u6216\u8bb8\u5df2\u7ecf\u5bdf\u89c9\u51fa\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u9887\u4e3a\u53cd\u8bbd\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u95e8\u5b66\u79d1\u6bd4\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u66f4\u91cd\u89c6\u91cf\u5316\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u95e8\u5b66\u79d1\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u5df2\u7ecf\u6df1\u6df1\u5730\u6e17\u900f\u5230\u5efa\u6a21\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u4e86\u3002\u800c\u6587\u5316\u548c\u6587\u5b66\u6279\u8bc4\u5bb6\u4ea6\u957f\u671f\u6279\u8bc4\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u5371\u5bb3\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5176\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u8bf8\u591a\u5173\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u5426\u501f\u5f7c\u4e4b\u77db\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u6279\u5224\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u672c\u8eab\u5462?<sup>[11]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u3002\u5176\u4e00\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u7f8e\u56fd\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5bb6\u57281970\u5e74\u4ee3\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u66f4\u4e3a\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8bed\u8a00;\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u53d1\u73b0\u9ed1\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u4f5c\u5bb6\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bed\u8a00\u4e0a\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8fdc\u8fdc\u5c11\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u79cd\u65cf\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63ed\u9732\u4e86\u5979\u4eec\u4e0e\u5b66\u9662\u6d3e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u5404\u81ea\u6240\u8bbe\u60f3\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u751f\u6d3b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u8ddd\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5dee\u8ddd\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u4ece\u4e13\u4e1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u90a3\u91cc\u63d0\u53d6\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8bed\u8a00\u7248\u672c\u4e2d\uff0c\u7f3a\u5c11\u4e86\u201c\u5974\u96b6\u201d(slave)\u3001\u201c\u5974\u96b6\u5236\u201d(slavery)\u548c\u201c\u79cd\u690d\u56ed\u201d(plantation)\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u8bcd\u6c47\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u8bcd\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u9ed1\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u2014\u2014\u5305\u62ec\u5965\u514b\u5854\u7ef4\u4e9a\u00b7\u5df4\u7279\u52d2(Octavia Butler)\u3001\u76d6\u5c14\u00b7\u743c\u65af(Gayl Jones)\u548c\u7231\u4e3d\u4e1d\u00b7\u6c83\u514b(Alice Walker)\u2014\u2014\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u90fd\u662f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u586b\u8865\u8fd9\u4e00\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u64cd\u4f5c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bcd\u6c47\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u53bb\uff0c\u5f97\u51fa\u4e86\u60ca\u4eba\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4ec5\u4ec5\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u8bcd\u5230\u90a3\u4e2a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5bb9\u7eb3\u4e86\u6570\u5343\u8bcd\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47\u8868(lexicon)\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u6218\u540e\u7f8e\u56fd\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5e76\u56e0\u6b64\u5f97\u51fa\u6211\u4eec\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d1\u73b0\u63ed\u793a\u4e861990\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u8bb6\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e:\u9ed1\u4eba\u5987\u5973\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u9053\u8def\uff0c\u66f4\u4e3a\u9891\u7e41\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8bed\u8a00;\u800c\u7537\u6027\u4f7f\u7528\u5e26\u6709\u5974\u96b6\u5236\u8272\u5f69\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u9891\u7387\u8fdc\u8fdc\u8d85\u8fc7\u5973\u6027\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u6a21\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4fee\u6b63\uff0c\u8feb\u4f7f\u5176\u5904\u7406\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5c40\u9650;\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u5b66\u9662\u6d3e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u5982\u4f55\u6b63\u5f0f\u5b9a\u4e49\u201c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u201d\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4e66\u5199\u6218\u540e\u7f8e\u56fd\u5c0f\u8bf4\u53f2\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u76f2\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\"><strong>\u4e00\u3001\u6570 \u636e&nbsp; <\/strong>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u63cf\u8ff0\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8bed\u6599\u5e93(corpus)\uff0c\u5176\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5c0f\u8bf4\uff0c1950\u20142000\u201d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0e\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u5982\u4e0b\u65b9\u5f0f\u6784\u5efa\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6839\u636e\u201c\u4e16\u754c\u56fe\u4e66\u76ee\u5f55\u201d(WorldCat)\u7684\u8bb0\u8f7d\uff0c\u786e\u8ba4\u4e8635,089\u672c\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u88ab\u6536\u85cf\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u5c0f\u8bf4\u3002\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f35,089?\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5728\u8fd935,089\u672c\u6700\u5e38\u88ab\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u6536\u85cf\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u5c0f\u8bf4\u901a\u5e38\u53ea\u88ab\u67d0\u4e00\u6240\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u6536\u85cf\u8fc7\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4ee5\u88ab\u4e24\u6240\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u6536\u85cf\u4e3a\u9650\uff0c\u5c06\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u642d\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c4\u6a21\u5408\u7406\u7684\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\uff0c\u65e2\u80fd\u7528\u4e8e\u8ba1\u7b97\u5206\u6790(\u5c11\u4e8e100,000\u672c)\uff0c\u53c8\u8db3\u4ee5\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u6587\u5b66\u63d0\u4f9b\u5177\u6709\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u7684\u7f29\u5f71\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u672c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u53ea\u88ab\u4e0d\u5230\u4e24\u6240\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u6240\u6536\u85cf\uff0c\u80fd\u5728\u51fa\u7248\u65f6\u4fbf\u8bfb\u5230\u8fd9\u672c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u666e\u901a\u8bfb\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u592a\u5c11\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd9\u90e8\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u9886\u57df\u505a\u51fa\u6709\u529b\u8d21\u732e\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u5f88\u5c0f\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u70b9:\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6837\u672c\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u5c0f\u8bf4\u8fd9\u4e00\u9886\u57df\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u751f\u4ea7\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u5360\u7684\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\u662f\u591a\u5c11?\u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5\uff0c\u51c6\u786e\u8ba1\u7b97\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u6570\u91cf\u662f\u8270\u96be\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u96f7\u535a\u7279\u516c\u53f8(R. R. Bowker)<sup>[12]<\/sup>\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c\u57281950\u5e74\u81f32000\u5e74\u95f4\u7f8e\u56fd\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u603b\u51fa\u7248\u91cf\u7ea6\u4e3a350,000\u672c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u201c\u4e16\u754c\u56fe\u4e66\u76ee\u5f55\u201d\u62bd\u53d6\u7684\u6837\u672c\uff0c\u5360\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7565\u9ad8\u4e8e10%\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e50\u89c2\u5730\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u662f\u5145\u5206\u7684\u3002<sup>[13]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u6587\u672c\u6316\u6398\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u5fc5\u987b\u83b7\u5f97\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u672c\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u7248\u672c\u3002\u6545\u800c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0e\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u8d2d\u4e70\u7535\u5b50\u4e66\u3001\u6293\u53d6\u5728\u7ebf\u6587\u672c\u4ee5\u53ca\u624b\u52a8\u626b\u63cf\u5370\u5237\u5df2\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ee5\u671f\u83b7\u5f97\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u591a\u7684\u6587\u672c\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u7248\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u5168\u90e835,089\u672c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u7248\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6536\u96c6\u5230\u4e865,931\u4efd\u7535\u5b50\u6587\u732e\uff0c\u7ea6\u5360\u201c\u4e16\u754c\u56fe\u4e66\u76ee\u5f55\u201d\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4e2d\u768417%\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u660e\u663e\u7684\u62c5\u5fc3\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u627e\u5230\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u7248\u6587\u672c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u5bf9\u201c\u4e16\u754c\u56fe\u4e66\u76ee\u5f55\u201d\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u504f\u5dee\u7684\u5448\u73b0\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0:\u5176\u4e00\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4f5c\u8005\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u6240\u5360\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5927\u81f4\u76f8\u540c;\u5176\u4e8c\uff0c\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4e2d\u6536\u85cf\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\u6765\u81ea\u5404\u4e2a\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u6570\u91cf\u5206\u5e03\u5927\u81f4\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u786e\u5b9e\u4e5f\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u5904\u91cd\u5927\u504f\u5dee:\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u201c\u4e16\u754c\u56fe\u4e66\u76ee\u5f55\u201d\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u540d\u5355\u4e0a\u6240\u83b7\u53d6\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u66f4\u504f\u5411\u65b0\u8fd1\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u66f4\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u8d2d\u4e70\u548c\u9605\u8bfb\u8fd1\u671f\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u4e66\u7c4d\u3002\u5728\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u529e\u6cd5\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e00\u504f\u5dee\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e0e\u603b\u4f53\u7ed3\u8bba\u76f8\u77db\u76fe\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21\u989d\u5916\u7684\u7b5b\u9009\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u51b3\u5b9a\u4ee5\u6027\u522b\u548c\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3a\u5750\u6807\u8f74\u6765\u63a2\u8ba8\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u3002\u5728\u5217\u51fa\u76845,931\u90e8\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u6027\u522b\u548c\u79cd\u65cf\u80cc\u666f\u3002\u8003\u8651\u5230\u793e\u4f1a\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u540c\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u6807\u51c6:\u72ec\u7acb\u7814\u7a76\u6bcf\u4e00\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u6765\u6e90\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u65f6\uff0c\u548c\/\u6216\u4f5c\u8005\u786e\u8ba4\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6027\u522b\u548c\/\u6216\u79cd\u65cf\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u624d\u6309\u6027\u522b\u548c\/\u6216\u79cd\u65cf\u6765\u6807\u8bb0\u4f5c\u8005\u3002\u76f4\u5230\u90a3\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u624d\u4f1a\u88ab\u8d34\u4e0a\u6807\u7b7e\u3002\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u786e\u8ba4\u4f5c\u8005\u4e0e\u8eab\u4efd\u6807\u7b7e\u786e\u5b9e\u5339\u914d\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e00\u7b5b\u9009\uff0c\u5269\u4e0b4,857\u672c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u548c1,646\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5bf9\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4e0e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u6700\u521d\u7684\u68c0\u6d4b\u9879\u76ee(\u6bcf\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u56fe\u4e66\u6570\u91cf\u3001\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u5e73\u5747\u85cf\u4e66\u6570\u91cf\u3001\u6587\u672c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5206\u5e03)\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u65b0\u7b5b\u9009\u7684\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4e0e\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b5b\u9009\u7684\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u662f\u53ef\u6bd4\u7684\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u636e\u4e3a:60%\u7537\u6027\uff0c40%\u5973\u6027;95%\u767d\u4eba\uff0c3%\u9ed1\u4eba;1.6%\u4e9a\u88d4\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u3001\u62c9\u4e01\u88d4\u548c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u3002\u8003\u8651\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u6240\u5305\u542b\u7684\u975e\u88d4\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f5c\u5bb6\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u592a\u5c11\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5f97\u51fa\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u582a\u8428\u65af\u5927\u5b66(University of Kansas)\u540c\u4e8b\u6536\u96c6\u7684\u8be5\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4f5c\u8865\u5145\u3002\u8fd9\u53c8\u589e\u52a0\u4e86101\u672c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u548c30\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u4f7f\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4e2d\u9ed1\u4eba\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u603b\u6570\u589e\u52a0\u52305%\u3002<sup>[14]<\/sup>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u88ab\u6536\u96c6\u8d77\u6765\u7684?\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u768430\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u582a\u8428\u65af\u5dde\u7684\u4e00\u6279\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u5458\u548c\u5b66\u8005\u5728\u201c\u9ed1\u4eba\u5199\u4f5c\u53f2\u201d\u9879\u76ee(Project on the History of Black Writing)\u7684\u652f\u6301\u4e0b\uff0c\u5bfb\u627e\u5e76\u6536\u96c6\u4ed6\u4eec\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u90e8\u57281880\u5e74\u52302000\u5e74\u95f4\u7f8e\u56fd\u9ed1\u4eba\u5199\u4e0b\u7684\u865a\u6784(fiction)\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u5927\u7ea61,200\u7bc7\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d250\u7bc7\u5df2\u7ecf\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u3002\u5728\u8fd9250\u7bc7\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709101\u7bc7\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u7b5b\u9009\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d(\u540c\u65f6\u88ab\u4e24\u4e2a\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u6536\u85cf)\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u6211\u4eec\u7eb3\u5165\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u88ab\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u8bf4\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4e2d\u3002\u6574\u4e2a\u582a\u8428\u65af\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u81ea\u884c\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u5bb6\u5c0f\u578b\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u8fdb\u5165\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u548c\u201c\u4e16\u754c\u56fe\u4e66\u76ee\u5f55\u201d\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e2d\u3002<sup>[15]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6700\u7ec8\u5c06\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u672c\u6587\u5206\u6790\u7684\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u7684\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u5171\u8ba14,857\u90e8\u5c0f\u8bf4\u548c1,676\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\uff0c\u4e14\u6240\u6709\u4f5c\u8005\u90fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u6807\u793a\u5176\u6027\u522b\u548c\u79cd\u65cf\u3002\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u627f\u8ba4\u6784\u5efa\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u51b3\u5b9a\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u504f\u89c1:\u51b3\u5b9a\u5c06\u201c\u4e16\u754c\u56fe\u4e66\u76ee\u5f55\u201d\u5217\u8868\u91cc\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u9650\u5b9a\u4e3a\u9700\u88ab\u81f3\u5c11\u4e24\u4e2a\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u540c\u65f6\u6536\u85cf;\u6240\u7b5b\u9009\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e25\u91cd\u504f\u5411\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u5e76\u975e\u5b8c\u7f8e\u65e0\u7f3a(\u6ca1\u6709\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4f1a\u5b8c\u7f8e\u65e0\u7f3a)\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u6587\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e7f\u535a\u7684\u3001\u663e\u8457\u7684\u7248\u672c:\u5373\u90a3\u4e9b\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u503c\u5f97\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u6536\u85cf\u7684\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u7531\u51fa\u7248\u5546\u4ee5\u7535\u5b50\u5f62\u5f0f\u4fdd\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u4e8c\u3001\u300a\u725b\u6d25\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8f9e\u5178\u300b&nbsp;<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u4f7f\u7528\u300a\u725b\u6d25\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8f9e\u5178\u300b(\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7b80\u79f0\u300a\u725b\u6d25\u300b)(<em>Oxford Dictionary of Economics, ODE<\/em>)\u4e3a\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u6311\u9009\u51fa\u4e00\u7ec4\u7528\u6765\u4e3a\u201c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u201d(economic)\u7f16\u8ba2\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u672f\u8bed\u3002\u6709\u4eba\u6216\u8bb8\u4f1a\u95ee\uff0c\u4e3a\u4f55\u6211\u4eec\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u90e8\u5c06\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4f53\u73b0\u6210\u4e00\u5957\u9738\u6743\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u6027\u8bcd\u5178\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u300a\u725b\u6d25\u300b\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u786e\u5b9a\u89c4\u8303\u6027\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8bed\u8a00\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5df2\u7ecf\u6e17\u900f\u5230\u4e86\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u91cc\u3002\u9884\u671f\u662f\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u5730\u8bb0\u5f55\u4ee5\u975e\u9738\u6743\u5f0f(nonhegemonic)\u8bcd\u6c47\u60f3\u8c61\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u8868\u8ff0;\u9884\u8ba1\u5bf9\u975e\u9738\u6743\u5f0f\u8bcd\u6c47\u7684\u5ffd\u7565\uff0c\u5c06\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u6a21\u578b\u4ee5\u79cd\u65cf\u548c\u6027\u522b\u4e3a\u4e24\u8f74\u7684\u8bc4\u5206\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ea6\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u6587\u672c\u7ec6\u8bfb\u5bf9\u6b64\u4e88\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u300a\u725b\u6d25\u300b\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u9650\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7279\u522b\u9009\u7528\u8fd9\u672c\u8bcd\u5178?\u6839\u636e\u201c\u4e16\u754c\u56fe\u4e66\u76ee\u5f55\u201d\u7684\u8bb0\u8f7d\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6700\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5730\u88ab\u5404\u5730\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u6536\u85cf\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8bcd\u5178\u3002\u603b\u5171\u6709701\u6240\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u6536\u85cf\u4e86\u300a\u725b\u6d25\u300b\uff0c\u800c\u6536\u85cf\u300a\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8f9e\u5178\u300b(<em>American Dictionary of Economics, ADE<\/em>)\u7684\u6709626\u6240\uff0c\u6536\u85cf\u300a\u65b0\u5e15\u5c14\u683c\u96f7\u592b\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4e0e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8bcd\u5178\u300b(<em>The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics and the Law<\/em>)\u7684\u6709460\u6240\uff0c\u6536\u85cf\u300a\u52b3\u7279\u5229\u5947\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8bcd\u5178\u300b(<em>Routledge Dictionary of Economics<\/em>)\u7684\u6709446\u6240\u3002\u8fd9\u540e\u4e09\u90e8\u8bcd\u5178\u662f\u300a\u725b\u6d25\u300b\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7ade\u4e89\u8005\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u300a\u725b\u6d25\u300b\u800c\u975e\u300a\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8f9e\u5178\u300b\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u540e\u8005\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u7248\u672c\u51fa\u7248\u4e8e1983\u5e74\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5176\u4e2d\u7f3a\u5c11\u4e86\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4e2d\u540e\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u95e8\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\uff0c\u5176\u8de8\u56fd\u6027(transnationalism)\u80fd\u591f\u907f\u514d\u5404\u56fd\u5728\u8bed\u7528\u4e0a\u7684\u7ec6\u5fae\u5dee\u522b\u5f71\u54cd\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u4fdd\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u624b\u52a8\u6838\u5bf9\u4e86\u300a\u725b\u6d25\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u56fd\u522b\u5dee\u5f02\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u300a\u725b\u6d25\u300b\u4e3a\u201c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u201d\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u6b63\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684:\u4e8c\u6218\u540e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u7f16\u64b0\u6210\u5178\uff0c\u5e76\u6269\u6563\u5165\u7f8e\u56fd\u5c0f\u8bf4\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u9009\u62e9\u8bf8\u5982\u53cd\u6620\u201c\u975e\u88d4\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u672c\u571f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6982\u5ff5\u201d\u8fd9\u79cd\u5305\u542b\u66f4\u591a\u65e5\u5e38\u8bed\u6c47\u7684\u8bcd\u5178\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u8bcd\u6c47\u8868\u4e0e\u4e00\u90e8\u7531\u4e13\u4e1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u7f16\u64b0\u7684\u8bcd\u5178\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u90fd\u80fd\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8fdb\u884c\u5145\u5206\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u518d\u6b21\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u662f\u89c4\u8303\u6027\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8bed\u8a00\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u6218\u540e\u7f8e\u56fd\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u663e\u73b0\u548c\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u3002\u4e86\u89e3\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u53bb\u63a2\u8ba8\u5b83\u7684\u53d8\u5f02\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u8bed\u5883\u4e2d\u5b83\u906d\u53d7\u7684\u62b5\u5236\u3002\u672c\u6587\u6700\u672b\u5c06\u5c55\u793a\u8fd9\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\u53ef\u80fd\u5448\u73b0\u7684\u6837\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u7248\u300a\u725b\u6d25\u300b\uff0c\u51fa\u7248\u4e8e2009\u5e74\uff0c\u7531\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u5e03\u83b1\u514b(John Black)\u3001\u5c3c\u52a0\u5c14\u00b7\u54c8\u5e0c\u59c6\u624e\u5fb7(Nigar Hashimzade)\u548c\u52a0\u96f7\u65af\u00b7\u8fc8\u5c14\u65af(Gareth Myles)\u5408\u64b0\u3002\u5176\u7b2c\u4e00\u7248\u7531\u82f1\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u5e03\u83b1\u514b\u5199\u51fa\uff0c\u51fa\u7248\u4e8e1997\u5e74\u30022009\u5e74\uff0c\u4e24\u4f4d\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u54c8\u5e0c\u59c6\u624e\u5fb7\u548c\u8fc8\u5c14\u65af\u5b8c\u6210\u5bf9\u5176\u4fee\u8ba2\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u529b\u56fe\u5728\u201c\u89c4\u8303\u6027(formality)\u548c\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027(accessibility)\u201d\u4e4b\u95f4\u5bfb\u6c42\u5e73\u8861\u3002<sup>[16]<\/sup>\u8fd9\u672c\u8bcd\u5178\u65e2\u8db3\u591f\u4e25\u8c28\u5730\u53cd\u6620\u73b0\u4ee3\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u53c8\u8db3\u591f\u5bbd\u6cdb\u5730\u6ee1\u8db3\u975e\u5b66\u672f\u4eba\u58eb\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u6070\u5f53\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u4fee\u8ba2\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8bcd\u5178\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u65e2\u5305\u62ec\u201c\u521d\u6d89\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u201d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u7a0b\u5ea6\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u548c\u4e13\u4e1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002<sup>[17]<\/sup>\u4e00\u7bc7\u4e66\u8bc4\u80af\u5b9a\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u5199\u6cd5:\u201c\u5b83\u5bf9\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u5df2\u7136\u8db3\u591f\u5168\u9762\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u4f7f\u7528\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u8ba9\u65b0\u624b\u4ea6\u80fd\u8f7b\u677e\u4e86\u89e3\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u201d<sup>[18]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6216\u8bb8\u6709\u4eba\u4f1a\u53cd\u5bf9\uff0c2009\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u5b57\u5178\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4e25\u91cd\u504f\u91cd\u4e8e\u65b0\u8fd1\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u65f6\u671f\u4e4b\u540e\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7ed3\u679c\u51fa\u73b0\u504f\u5dee\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u300a\u725b\u6d25\u300b\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u76841980\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5c0f\u8bf4\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8bcd\u8bed\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u662f\u8bcd\u5178\u6536\u5f55\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u53cd\u6620\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8fd9\u79cd\u5076\u7136\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u68c0\u6d4b\u4e86\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u80fd\u5f15\u8d77\u6df7\u4e71\u7684\u8bcd\uff0c\u8be5\u8bcd\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u81f3\u5c11100\u6b21\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5b83\u4e0e\u300a\u725b\u6d25\u82f1\u8bed\u8bcd\u5178\u300b(<em>Oxford English Dictionary<\/em>)\u4e2d\u7684\u9996\u6b21\u8bb0\u5f55\u76f8\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002\u5f15\u8d77\u6000\u7591\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed\u662f\u201c\u6536\u8d2d\u201d(takeover)\uff0c\u8be5\u8bcd\u5728\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86608\u6b21\u3002\u636e\u300a\u725b\u6d25\u82f1\u8bed\u8bcd\u5178\u300b\u8bb0\u8f7d\uff0c\u201c\u6536\u8d2d\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u6700\u65e9\u57281936\u5e74\u7684\u300a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4eba\u300b(<em>The Economist<\/em>)\u4e2d\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u672f\u8bed\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u8003\u8651\u201c\u4e70\u65ad\u201d(buyout)\u4e00\u8bcd\uff0c\u8be5\u8bcd\u5728\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86369\u6b21\u2014\u2014\u6839\u636e\u300a\u725b\u6d25\u82f1\u8bed\u8bcd\u5178\u300b\uff0c\u8be5\u8bcd\u4e8e1976\u5e74\u5728\u300a\u5e76\u8d2d\u300b(<em>Mergers &amp; Acquisitions<\/em>)\u6742\u5fd7\u4e0a\uff0c\u9996\u6b21\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u672f\u8bed\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u6000\u7591\u201c\u6ef4\u6f0f\u7406\u8bba\u201d(trickle-down)\uff0c\u8be5\u8bcd\u5728\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86336\u6b21\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u675c\u9c81\u95e8\u603b\u7edf\u57281949\u5e74\u66fe\u8c08\u53ca\u653e\u5f03\u6ef4\u6f0f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6807\u8bb0\u4e86\u201c\u8de8\u56fd\u516c\u53f8\u201d(multinational)\uff0c\u636e\u300a\u725b\u6d25\u300b\u8bb0\u8f7d\uff0c\u5b83\u4e8e1968\u5e74\u9996\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u300a\u5546\u4e1a\u5468\u520a\u300b<em>(Businessweek<\/em>)\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86281\u6b21\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u4ec5\u6709\u7684\u5728\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u8d85\u8fc7100\u6b21\u3001\u5e76\u57281950\u5e74\u540e\u624d\u9996\u6b21\u7528\u4f5c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u672f\u8bed\u7684\u8bcd\uff0c\u662f\u201c\u4e70\u65ad\u201d\u548c\u201c\u8de8\u56fd\u201d\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u4e00\u5171\u5728\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86650\u6b21\uff0c\u5360\u603b\u6570\u76840.04%\u3002\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u65b0\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u5728\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6b21\u6570\u4e0d\u5230100\uff0c\u4f46\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b0\u672f\u8bed\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4ea7\u751f\u504f\u5dee\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u603b\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5728\u300a\u725b\u6d25\u300b\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u76843,227\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5b66\u79d1\u4e2d\u6700\u666e\u904d\u548c\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u672f\u8bed\u548c\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u201c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u201d(economicness)\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u4fbf\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong><span style=\"color:#0071a1\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u4e09\u3001\u6a21 \u578b&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u53bb\u6838\u7b97\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u91cc\u6bcf\u4e00\u90e8\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u201d\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u300a\u725b\u6d25\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u9891\u7387\u3002\u7ecf\u6d4e\u672f\u8bed\u5305\u62ec\u5355\u8bcd\u548c\u77ed\u8bed\u3002\u6839\u636e\u5355\u8bcd\u5b9e\u9645\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8bed\u5883\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u786e\u4fdd\u53ea\u8ba1\u7b97\u7528\u4f5c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u6db5\u4e49\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u201c\u503a\u5238\u201d(bond)\u53ef\u6307\u4eba\u3001\u4e8b\u3001\u7269\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u6db5\u4e49;\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u503a\u52a1\u8bc1\u5238(debt security)\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b83\u5177\u6709\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u6db5\u4e49\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u8bcd\u6c47\u4ea6\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u201c\u94f6\u884c\u201d(bank)\u548c\u201c\u5de5\u4f1a\u201d(union)\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u505a\u4e86\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u548c\u5206\u6790\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u4e49\u8bcd\u8fdb\u884c\u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u6309\u7167\u300a\u725b\u6d25\u300b\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u53ea\u8ba1\u7b97\u90a3\u4e9b\u5305\u542b\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u6db5\u4e49\u7684\u8bcd\u3002<sup>[19]<\/sup>\u5728\u8ba1\u91cf\u6bcf\u90e8\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u76ee\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u6570\u636e\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\u201d(normalize)\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u662f\u5c06\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u672f\u8bed\u603b\u6570\u9664\u4ee5\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\u603b\u6570\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6bcf\u90e8\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e0d\u5c3d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f7f\u6bcf\u90e8\u5c0f\u8bf4\u51fa\u73b0\u7ecf\u6d4e\u672f\u8bed\u7684\u6570\u76ee\u53d8\u5f97\u53ef\u6bd4\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8ba1\u7b97\u7ed9\u6bcf\u90e8\u5c0f\u8bf4\u6253\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u6570\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6309\u7167\u5206\u6570\u4e3a\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u540d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5bf9\u8be5\u6392\u540d\u8fdb\u884c\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u5f88\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u6d4b\u91cf\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u95ee\u9898\u6240\u5728\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u4e00\u5c0f\u64ae\u7ecf\u6d4e\u672f\u8bed\u5360\u4e86\u6570\u76ee\u4e0a\u7684\u7edd\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4e2d\u9891\u7e41\u51fa\u73b0\u768470.2%\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8bcd\u6c47\u90fd\u5728\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u768425\u4e2a\u8bcd\u4e2d\uff0c\u6570\u91cf\u4e0d\u53ca\u300a\u725b\u6d25\u300b\u6240\u6536\u8bcd\u6761\u6570\u76ee\u76841%\u3002\u5f53\u4e00\u90e8\u5c0f\u8bf4\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8bcd\u6c47\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u5f80\u5f80\u53ea\u5728\u5c11\u6570\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u672f\u8bed\u9009\u4e00\u4e2a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u65e5\u5e38\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u8bf8\u5982\u201c\u7f8e\u5143\u201d(dollar)\u3001\u201c\u8d27\u5e01\u201d(money)\u3001\u201c\u94f6\u884c\u201d(bank)\u3001\u201c\u5546\u4e1a\u201d(business)\u3001\u201c\u79df\u91d1\u201d(rent)\u3001\u201c\u73b0\u91d1\u201d(cash)\u3001\u201c\u8d22\u4ea7\u201d(property)\u548c\u201c\u4fe1\u8d37\u201d(credit)\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c34.5%\u7684\u8bcd\u9891\u53ea\u6d89\u53ca\u4e24\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed:\u52b3\u4f5c(work)\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c(job)\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5bb6\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e00\u6a21\u578b\u4fbf\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u6ca1\u4ec0\u4e48\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u4e8e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b66\u79d1\u5728\u6587\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u6a21\u578b\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u6ee1\u8db3\u6211\u4eec\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f7f\u60f3\u8981\u7684\u6548\u679c\u53ef\u63a7\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8ba1\u7b97\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u6d4b\u91cf\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u201c\u72ec\u4e00\u7684\u201d(unique)\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8bcd\u6c47\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u90e8\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86500\u6b21\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8bcd\u6c47\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u53ea\u670930\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8bcd\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u5efa\u6a21\u7684\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u4fbf\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bcd\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u72ec\u4e00\u7684\u201d\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u503c\u9664\u4ee5\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u201c\u72ec\u4e00\u7684\u201d\u5355\u8bcd\u7684\u603b\u6570\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u201c\u6570\u636e\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\u201d(normalization);\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u503c\u76f8\u52a0\u5f97\u51fa\u6700\u7ec8\u5206\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u6240\u5305\u542b\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u7b49\u5f0f\u89c1\u56fe1\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u9879\u5bf9\u5e94\u6211\u4eec\u8ba1\u7b97\u6bcf\u672c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u51fa\u73b0\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8bcd\u6c47\u7684\u6b21\u6570\u7684\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\u6570\u503c\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9879\u5bf9\u5e94\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u8003\u91cf\u6bcf\u90e8\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u201c\u72ec\u4e00\u7684\u201d\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u672f\u8bed\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u6765\u8861\u91cf\u6bcf\u90e8\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u672f\u8bed\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5e7f\u5ea6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u503c\u52a0\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4e58\u4ee5100\uff0c\u5f97\u51fa\u66f4\u76f4\u89c2\u7684\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u201c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u201d\u7684\u91cf\u5316\u6307\u6807\u3002<sup>[20]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_1-1024x131.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6019\" width=\"625\" height=\"80\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_1-1024x131.png 1024w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_1-300x38.png 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_1-768x98.png 768w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_1-1536x196.png 1536w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_1.png 1892w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 625px) 100vw, 625px\" \/><figcaption>\u56fe1 \u7ecf\u6d4e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u516c\u5f0f<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u56db\u3001\u5206 \u6790 &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\uff08\u4e00\uff091973\u5e74<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u662f\u7ed3\u679c\u548c\u5206\u6790:\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7ed8\u5236\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4e2d\u672f\u8bed\u5728\u5168\u65f6\u6bb5\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u7387(the rate of use)\u66f2\u7ebf\u56fe(\u56fe2)\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u672f\u8bed\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u57281950\u5e74\u52302000\u5e74\u95f4\u6709\u53d8\u5316\u5417?\u7b2c\u4e00\u5f20\u66f2\u7ebf\u56fe\u8868\u660e\u5b83\u6ca1\u6709\u3002\u5982\u679c\u975e\u8981\u8bf4\u6709\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u770b\u51fa\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u672f\u8bed\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u7565\u5fae\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e00\u8d8b\u52bf\u8fc7\u4e8e\u5fae\u5c0f\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u4f9d\u636e\u3002<sup>[21]<\/sup>\u5f53\u7528\u8fd9\u5f20\u56fe\u53bb\u8c03\u67e5\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5efa\u6a21\u5bf9\u8c61\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u6839\u636e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u672f\u8bed\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u7ed9\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4f5c\u6392\u540d\u65f6\u662f\u6709\u6548\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5f53\u6c47\u603b\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u6355\u6349\u5230\u4e86\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u672f\u8bed\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5373\u90a3\u4e9b\u7ecf\u5e38\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u672f\u8bed\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u5f20\u56fe\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u53ea\u8003\u8651\u65e5\u5e38\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8bed\u8a00(everyday economic language)\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u63a2\u7d22\u5b66\u79d1\u5316\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8bed\u8a00(disciplinary economic language)\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u51b3\u5b9a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e00\u4e0b\u5982\u679c\u53bb\u6389\u524d100\u4e2a\u8bcd\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u53d8\u5316(\u56fe3)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u5f20\u56fe\u4ee4\u4eba\u5403\u60ca\u3002<sup>[22]<\/sup>\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u81ea1970\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u671f\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a81\u7136\u800c\u6301\u7eed\u768420%\u7684\u589e\u957f\u3002(\u7ebf\u6761\u7684\u5e73\u6ed1\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u63a9\u76d6\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u8f6c\u6298\u7684\u7a81\u7136\u6027\u3002\u8bf7\u770b1973\u5e74\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u70b9\u96c6\uff0c\u5c06\u4e4b\u4e0e\u540e\u6765\u7684\u70b9\u96c6\u4f5c\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002)\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5728\u5220\u9664\u4e86\u524d100\u4e2a\u8bcd\u540e\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u53d8\u5316?\u8fd9\u4e9b\u672f\u8bed\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u65e5\u5e38\u4e60\u89c1\u6ce8:\u6a2a\u8f74\u4e3a\u51fa\u7248\u65e5\u671f\uff0c\u7eb5\u8f74\u4e3a\u5e73\u5747\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u7684\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u201c\u52b3\u4f5c\u201d(work)\u3001\u201c\u5de5\u4f5c\u201d(job)\u3001\u201c\u8d27\u5e01\u201d(money)\u3001\u201c\u94f6\u884c\u201d(bank)\u548c\u201c\u73b0\u91d1\u201d(cash)\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u8fd9100\u4e2a\u8bcd\u4e2d\u6392\u540d\u9760\u540e\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u8bf8\u5982\u201c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u201d(economy)\u3001\u201c\u96c7\u5458\u201d(employee)\u3001\u201c\u9884\u7b97\u201d(budget)\u3001\u201c\u517b\u8001\u91d1\u201d(pension)\u3001\u201c\u5c31\u4e1a\u201d(employment)\u3001\u201c\u62b5\u62bc\u201d(mortgage)\u3001\u201c\u50a8\u84c4\u201d(saving)\u3001\u201c\u5956\u91d1\u201d(bonus)\u548c\u201c\u79df\u8d41\u201d(lease)\u7b49\u8bcd\u6c47\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u8de8\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95e8\u69db\uff0c\u770b\u5230\u8bf8\u5982\u201c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u201d(economics)\u3001\u201c\u987e\u95ee\u201d(consultant)\u3001\u201c\u8d44\u672c\u5bb6\u201d(capitalist)\u3001\u201c\u5e02\u573a\u8425\u9500\u201d(marketing)\u3001\u201c\u5546\u54c1\u201d(commodity)\u3001\u201c\u5173\u7a0e\u201d(tariff)\u3001\u201c\u5784\u65ad\u201d(monoploy)\u548c\u201c\u5b50\u516c\u53f8\u201d(subsidiary)\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u524d\u4e00\u7ec4\u8bcd\u6c47\u4ecd\u662f\u7531\u65e5\u5e38\u7528\u8bcd\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u540e\u4e00\u7ec4\u5df2\u7ecf\u89e6\u53ca\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u754c\u3001\u5546\u754c\u548c\u653f\u754c\u3002\u60f3\u8c61\u4e00\u4e0b\u201c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u201d(economy)\u4e0e\u201c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u201d(economics)\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002\u524d\u8005\u662f\u666e\u904d\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u5728\u62b1\u6028\u201c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u201d\u72b6\u51b5\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u201c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u201d\u6307\u5411\u4e00\u4e2a\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5b83\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u5316\u3002(\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u00b7\u5361\u7ef4\u5c14(James Carville)\u7684\u53e3\u53f7\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f:\u201c\u8fd9\u5173\u4e4e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66!\u7b28\u86cb!\u201d)<sup>[23]<\/sup>\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u524d100\u4e2a\u8bcd\u6307\u793a\u65e5\u5e38\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66(everyday economics)\u8bdd\u8bed\u76f8\u5173;\u5176\u4f59\u7684\u8bcd\u6307\u793a\u5b66\u672f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66(economics as a discipline)\u8bdd\u8bed\u3002\u540e\u8005\u6b63\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u5206\u79bb\u548c\u5efa\u6a21\u7684\uff0c\u5f53\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u660e\u6670\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u8fd9\u6807\u5fd7\u4e86\u5c0f\u8bf4\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002<sup>[24]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_2-1024x622.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6020\" width=\"626\" height=\"380\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_2-1024x622.png 1024w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_2-300x182.png 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_2-768x467.png 768w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_2-1536x933.png 1536w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_2.png 1830w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 626px) 100vw, 626px\" \/><figcaption>\u56fe2&nbsp;\u6bcf\u5e74\u5e73\u5747\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7a0b\u5ea6<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_3-1024x625.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6021\" width=\"619\" height=\"378\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_3-1024x625.png 1024w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_3-300x183.png 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_3-768x469.png 768w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_3-1536x938.png 1536w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_3.png 1828w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 619px) 100vw, 619px\" \/><figcaption>\u56fe3 \u8c03\u6574\u540e\u7684\u6bcf\u5e74\u5e73\u5747\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7a0b\u5ea6<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><span style=\"color:#b7b7b7\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u6ce8:\u6a2a\u8f74\u4e3a\u51fa\u7248\u65e5\u671f\uff0c\u7eb5\u8f74\u4e3a\u5e73\u5747\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ee5\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e3a\u5bfc\u5411\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u6279\u8bc4\u5bb6\u4f1a\u6beb\u4e0d\u5947\u602a\u5730\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c1973\u5e74\u662f\u865a\u6784\u4f5c\u5bb6\u4f7f\u7528\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f6c\u6298\u70b9\u2014\u2014\u6216\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ea\u4f1a\u60ca\u8bb6\u4e8e\u4f5c\u5bb6\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u72b6\u51b5\u548c\u8bdd\u8bed\u53cd\u5e94\u4e4b\u5feb\u3002\u5927\u536b\u00b7\u54c8\u7ef4(David Harvey)\u5728\u5176\u300a\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u72b6\u51b5\u300b(<em>The Condition of Postmodernity<\/em>)\u5f00\u7bc7\u5199\u9053:\u201c\u81ea1972\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u6587\u5316\u9886\u57df\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b9e\u8df5\u5747\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u5de8\u53d8\u3002\u201d<sup>[25]<\/sup>\u54c8\u7ef4\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\u95fb\u540d\u4e8e\u4e16\uff0c1970\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u6b63\u662f\u4ece\u798f\u7279\u4e3b\u4e49\u8f6c\u5411\u540e\u798f\u7279\u4e3b\u4e49\u5f0f\u901a\u8fc7\u538b\u69a8\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u65f6\u7a7a\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u8d44\u672c\u79ef\u7d2f\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u65b0\u7684\u827a\u672f\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6b65\u5165\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u2014\u2014\u8a79\u660e\u4fe1(Fredric Jameson)\u5728\u5176\u300a\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u300b(<em>Postmodernism<\/em>, 1990)\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e00\u8f6c\u53d8\u653e\u5728\u66f4\u65e9\u4e9b\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u53731950\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b1960\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u3002\u4ee5\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e3a\u5bfc\u5411\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u6279\u8bc4\u5bb6\u4e5f\u8f6c\u5411\u4e54\u74e6\u5c3c\u00b7\u963f\u91cc\u5409(Giovanni Arrighi)\uff0c\u5bf9\u4ed6\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c1973\u5e74\u9884\u793a\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u91d1\u878d\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5174\u8d77\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u5e03\u4f26\u7eb3(Robert Brenner)\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c1973\u5e74\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u4ece\u6218\u540e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7e41\u8363\u8f6c\u5411\u6301\u7eed\u81f3\u4eca\u7684\u957f\u671f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8870\u9000\u7684\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u957f\u671f\u53d7\u5236\u4e8e\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u7f3a\u9677\u7684\u6f2b\u957f\u5e74\u4ee3\u3002\u4ece\u54c8\u7ef4\u3001\u963f\u745e\u5409\u3001\u5e03\u4f26\u7eb3\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u90a3\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f97\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u57281973\u5e74\u8fd9\u4e00\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5e74\u4efd\uff0c\u8d44\u672c\u7684\u5168\u7403\u79ef\u7d2f\u8fce\u6765\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u6ce2\u53ca\u52b3\u52a8\u3001\u91d1\u878d\u548c\u8d22\u5bcc\u5206\u914d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u503e\u5411\u8bdd\u8bed\u5206\u6790\u800c\u975e\u552f\u7269\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u504f\u7231\u798f\u67ef\u800c\u975e\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u7684\u5b66\u8005\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u7406\u7531\u5c06\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u96c6\u4e2d\u4e8e1970\u5e74\u4ee3\u3002\u798f\u67ef\u3001\u6e29\u8fea\u00b7\u5e03\u6717(Wendy Brown)\u3001\u4e39\u5c3c\u5c14\u00b7T.\u7f57\u6770\u65af(Daniel T. Rodgers)\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u5b66\u8005\u5747\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5e02\u573a\u9738\u6743\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77\u867d\u7136\u5174\u8d77\u4e8e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u90e8\u95e8\uff0c\u4f46\u5f88\u5feb\u5728\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684\u667a\u5e93\u548c\u6d41\u884c\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u6269\u6563\u5f00\u6765\u3002\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bba\u65ad\uff0c1970\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\uff0c\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u88ab\u4f53\u5236\u5316\u2014\u2014\u4f9d\u636e\u798f\u67ef\u548c\u5e03\u6717\uff0c\u53ef\u5c06\u5176\u5982\u6b64\u5b9a\u4e49:\u201c\u5386\u6765\u975e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u9886\u57df\u3001\u6d3b\u52a8\u3001\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u5168\u9762\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5316\u3002\u201d<sup>[26]<\/sup>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\u5e03\u6717\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\u6700\u4e3a\u4f11\u621a\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u5979\u8ba4\u4e3a\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u5c06\u201c\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u6b63\u4e49\u539f\u5219\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4e60\u8bed\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u5a01\u80c1\u5230\u6c11\u4e3b\u672c\u8eab\u3002<sup>[27]<\/sup>\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u91ca\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5979\u5f15\u7528\u5e76\u501f\u9274\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u5bb6\u7c73\u6b47\u5c14\u00b7\u5361\u4f26(Michel Callon)\u7684\u201c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5316\u201d(economization)\u4e00\u8bcd;\u5361\u4f26\u66fe\u63d0\u51fa\u201c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u95e8\u5b66\u79d1\uff0c\u5728\u5e7f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u5e94\u4e3a\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u673a\u6784\u8bbe\u7f6e\u683c\u5f0f\u201d\u3002<sup>[28]<\/sup>\u4ed6\u5c24\u4e3a\u5173\u6ce8\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u201c\u8868\u73b0\u3001\u5851\u9020\u548c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7ecf\u6d4e\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u89c2\u5bdf\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u529f\u7528\u201d\u3002<sup>[29]<\/sup>1973\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u4e60\u8bed\u6e17\u900f\u5165\u7f8e\u56fd\u5c0f\u8bf4\uff0c\u8bc1\u5b9e\u548c\u6269\u5c55\u4e86\u9971\u53d7\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u53d9\u4e8b\u5728\u6587\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6e17\u900f\u3002<sup>[30]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u7c7b\u578b<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u7ee7\u7eed\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5206\u6790\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u6765\u7b80\u5355\u8003\u8651\u4e00\u4e0b\u6587\u4f53\u7c7b\u578b(genre)\u3002\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u662f\u51b3\u5b9a\u5176\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u770b\u770b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7c7b\u578b\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u51b3\u5b9a\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u6587\u672c\u201c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u201d\u7684\u8bc4\u5206\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u6210\u56db\u5927\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5b50\u8bed\u6599\u5e93(subcorpus):\u7545\u9500\u4e66(\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f17)\u3001\u83b7\u5956\u4f5c\u54c1(\u4ee3\u8868\u6587\u5b66\u5c0f\u8bf4)\u3001\u4fa6\u63a2\u5c0f\u8bf4\u548c\u79d1\u5e7b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u90e8\u5c0f\u8bf4\u88ab\u300a\u51fa\u7248\u4eba\u5468\u520a\u300b<em>(Publishers Weekly<\/em>)\u8ba4\u53ef\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5217\u5165\u201c\u7545\u9500\u4e66\u201d;\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u90e8\u5c0f\u8bf4\u66fe\u83b7\u5f97\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e3b\u6d41\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u5956\uff0c\u5982\u666e\u5229\u7b56\u5956\u6216\u56fd\u5bb6\u56fe\u4e66\u5956<sup>[31]<\/sup>\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5217\u5165\u201c\u83b7\u5956\u4f5c\u54c1\u201d;\u5176\u4f59\u6587\u672c\u5219\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u7ec4\u7814\u7a76\u52a9\u7406\u624b\u52a8\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u201c\u4fa6\u63a2\u5c0f\u8bf4\u201d\u6216\u201c\u79d1\u5e7b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u201d\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e00\u7c7b\u6536\u96c6\u4e86\u5927\u7ea6200\u4e2a\u6837\u672c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u5b50\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u7ea6\u6709800\u672c\u88ab\u6807\u8bc6\u51fa\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u7c7b\u578b\u5bf9\u6587\u672c\u201c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u201d\u7684\u8bc4\u5206\u6ca1\u6709\u663e\u8457\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u4e3b\u4f53<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u77e5\u9053\uff0c1973\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8bed\u8a00\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u9891\u7387\u5927\u5927\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u5206\u6563\u5728\u6570\u5343\u90e8\u5e7f\u4e3a\u6d41\u4f20\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5355\u672c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4ec0\u4e48?\u5728\u5e7f\u535a\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8303\u7574\u5185\uff0c\u80fd\u5426\u5bdf\u89c9\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u56de\u5e94\u4e86\u4f55\u79cd\u8d8b\u52bf?\u662f\u5426\u770b\u5230\u6709\u5173\u91d1\u878d\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e0d\u6210\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5730\u589e\u52a0?\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u6279\u5224\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49?\u8fd8\u662f\u6697\u4e2d\u7ed9\u4e88\u652f\u6301?\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u60f3\u8c61\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u8bf4\u4ec0\u4e48?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u56de\u7b54\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6839\u636e\u5143\u6570\u636e\u6807\u51c6\u5bf9\u300a\u725b\u6d25\u300b\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u624b\u5de5\u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u4fdd\u7f57\u00b7\u8428\u7f2a\u5c14\u68ee(Paul Samuelson)\u7684\u300a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u300b(<em>Economics<\/em>)\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u53c9\u6bd4\u5bf9\uff0c\u8be5\u4e66\u5728\u6218\u540e\u76f8\u5f53\u957f\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u671f\u5185\u662f\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u6559\u6750\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5f97\u51fa\u516b\u4e2a\u7c7b\u522b:\u91d1\u878d\u3001\u516c\u5171(public)\u3001\u56fd\u9645(international)\u3001\u52b3\u52a8(labor)\u3001\u8d27\u5e01(money)\u3001\u5b8f\u89c2\u7ecf\u6d4e(macroeconomics)\u3001\u5fae\u89c2\u7ecf\u6d4e(microeconomics)\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u3002\u548c\u52b3\u52a8\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u5360\u636e\u4e86\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u524d100\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u201c\u52b3\u4f5c\u201d(work)\u3001\u201c\u5de5\u4f5c\u201d(job)\u3001\u201c\u5de5\u8d44\u201d(wage)\u3001\u201c\u6280\u80fd\u201d(skill)\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u800c\u56db\u4e2a\u8d27\u5e01\u7c7b\u7684\u672f\u8bed\u4ea6\u6392\u540d\u9760\u524d:\u201c\u7f8e\u5143\u201d(dollar)\u3001\u201c\u8d27\u5e01\u201d(money)\u3001\u201c\u73b0\u91d1\u201d(cash)\u3001\u201c\u786c\u5e01\u201d(coin)\u3002\u6309\u7167\u4e0a\u8ff0\u540c\u6837\u7684\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u6dd8\u6c70\u524d100\u4e2a\u8bcd\uff0c\u53ea\u5173\u6ce8\u5b66\u79d1\u5316\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8bed\u8a00\u65f6\uff0c\u8bdd\u8bed\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u52b3\u52a8\u4e0b\u964d\u5230\u4e86\u7b2c\u56db\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7c7b\u522b\u2014\u2014\u5305\u62ec\u201c\u52a0\u73ed\u201d(overtime)\u3001\u201c\u5de5\u8d44\u518c\u201d(payroll)\u3001\u201c\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bb6\u201d(entrepreneur)\u3001\u201c\u7f62\u5de5\u201d(strike)\u3001\u201c\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u201d(automation)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u91d1\u878d\u7c7b\u4f4d\u5c45\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u6bd4\u52b3\u52a8\u7c7b\u7a0d\u7a0d\u5e38\u89c1\u4e9b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u201c\u94f6\u884c\u4e1a\u52a1\u201d(banking)\u3001\u201c\u4fe1\u7528\u201d(credibility)\u3001\u201c\u80a1\u5e02\u201d(stock market)\u3001\u201c\u503a\u6743\u4eba\u201d(creditors)\u3001\u201c\u5206\u7ea2\u201d(dividend)\u3001\u201c\u7ecf\u7eaa\u201d(brokerage)\u3001\u201c\u6295\u8d44\u94f6\u884c\u201d(investment bank)\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u56e0\u8fc7\u4e8e\u7b3c\u7edf\u800c\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u522b\u7684\uff0c\u5219\u662f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5e38\u89c1\u2014\u2014\u5305\u62ec\u201c\u5206\u914d\u201d(distribution)\u3001\u201c\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u201d(capitalist)\u3001\u201c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u201d(economics)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u6700\u5e38\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u90a3100\u4e2a\u8bcd\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u7c7b\u578b\u662f\u5fae\u89c2\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u2014\u2014\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4e2d\u4e13\u95e8\u7814\u7a76\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e0e\u5c0f\u516c\u53f8\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u652f\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u8bf8\u5982\u201c\u6548\u7528\u201d(utility)\u3001\u201c\u8425\u9500\u201d(marketing)\u3001\u201c\u8282\u4fed\u201d(thrift)\u3001\u201c\u8d1f\u503a\u201d(liability)\u3001\u201c\u8d60\u5238\u201d(coupon)\u3001\u201c\u652f\u51fa\u201d(expenditure)\u3001\u201c\u521b\u65b0\u201d(innovation)\u3001\u201c\u987e\u5ba2\u201d(consumer)\u548c\u201c\u5229\u4ed6\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d(altruism)\u7b49\u672f\u8bed\u3002\u8ffd\u968f\u798f\u67ef\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5e03\u6717\u548c\u7c73\u6b47\u5c14\u00b7\u8d39\u5c14(Michel Feher)\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u5fae\u89c2\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u5bf9\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u6d78\u6da6(saturation)\uff0c\u5c06\u4eba\u7c7b\u57f9\u80b2\u6210\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4eba(homo economicus)\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6700\u5927\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u786e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e1a\u5df2\u5c55\u793a\u51fa\u5fae\u89c2\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u662f\u5f7c\u65f6\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u4e3b\u5bfc\u8bdd\u8bed\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u57281973\u5e74\u81f32000\u5e74\u95f4\u7f8e\u56fd\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6709\u6240\u589e\u957f\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bdd\u8bed\u8303\u7574\u4e2d\u8bed\u6c47\u8fc1\u5f99(lexical migration)\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8c28\u614e\u5730\u505a\u51fa\u63a8\u8bba\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u6cd5\u78e8\u5e73\u548c\u6d88\u9664\u4e86\u5404\u7c7b\u522b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u8fd8\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f53\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5bb6\u4f7f\u7528\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u672f\u8bed\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u610f\u4e49\u6216\u8bb8\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u6709\u7ec6\u5fae\u7684\u5dee\u522b\u3002\u5373\u4fbf\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u8bdd\u8bed\u7c7b\u522b\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u4e3a\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5bb6\u4e66\u5199\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u5e7f\u5ea6(breadth)\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6982\u89c8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u6839\u636e\u201c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u201d\u5bf9\u6587\u672c\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u5355\u672c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u7ef4\u5ea6\u4e0a\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u79cd\u5e7f\u5ea6\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u628a\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u5b83\u5728\u8868\u73b0\u7ecf\u6d4e\u72b6\u51b5\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6070\u5f53\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u8bd5\u4e3e\u4e24\u4e2a\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6d41\u6d3e\u4e3a\u4f8b:\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u8a79\u660e\u4fe1\u7684\u6d1e\u89c1\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u6d1e\u89c1\u7ee7\u627f\u81ea\u6cd5\u5170\u514b\u798f\u5b66\u6d3e\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\u4eec\uff0c\u5373\u827a\u672f\u901a\u8fc7\u5f62\u5f0f\u8868\u8fbe\u5b83\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5c42\u9762\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb;\u800c\u5e03\u5c14\u8fea\u5384(Pierre Bourdieu)\u5728\u5176\u300a\u533a\u5206\u300b(<em>Distinction<\/em>)\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u8981\u7406\u89e3\u827a\u672f\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5206\u6790\u5b83\u4e0e\u4ee5\u9636\u7ea7\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u54c1\u5473(taste)\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7684\u5951\u5408\u6027(embeddedness)\u3002\u63d0\u53ca\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\uff0c\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u627f\u8ba4\u6211\u4eec\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8ffd\u8e2a\u8bed\u8a00\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u8bdd\u8bed\u9886\u57df\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u4ec5\u4ec5\u8003\u91cf\u4e00\u672c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5bf9\u4e13\u4e1a\u540d\u8bcd\u7684\u5438\u6536\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u5b83\u5bf9\u5f53\u65f6\u7ecf\u6d4e\u72b6\u51b5\u7684\u5448\u73b0\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u53ca\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ee5\u8868\u5fc3\u5fd7:\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u9ad8\u5ea6\u53d1\u8fbe\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ecd\u7136\u5904\u4e8e\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u53bb\u5f00\u53d1\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cbe\u5bc6\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u8ffd\u8e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e4b\u95f4\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u6d41\u53d8\uff0c\u5e76\u671f\u671b\u63ed\u793a\u90a3\u672a\u77e5\u7684\u8bed\u6c47\u8fc1\u5f99\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<sup>[32]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u80fd\u4e3a\u5bf9\u6587\u5b66\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u6863\u6848\u5e93\uff0c\u9274\u522b\u51fa\u6570\u5341\u672c\uff0c\u6216\u8bb8\u6570\u767e\u672c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4f9d\u8d56\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u7684\u4ece\u672a\u88ab\u7814\u7a76\u8fc7\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u4e5f\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u53bb\u8003\u5bdf\u6700\u5177\u6709\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u610f\u5473\u7684\u4e00\u6279\u5c0f\u8bf4\u63d0\u4f9b\u53c2\u7167\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a1973\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\u7684\u8f6c\u6298\u53d1\u6398\u51fa\u66f4\u4e3a\u6df1\u8fdc\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u8bf7\u53c2\u8003\u88681\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u5217\u4e3e\u4e8610\u672c\u6700\u5177\u6709\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u610f\u5473\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u5c0f\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u201c\u6587\u5b66\u201d(literary)\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u8bed\u5883\u4e0b\u8fdb\u5165\u5e02\u573a\u6d41\u901a\u3001\u800c\u672a\u88ab\u5f52\u5165\u4efb\u4f55\u7279\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u865a\u6784\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u4e3b\u9898\u5728\u8fd9\u4efd\u5c0f\u6837\u672c\u4e2d\u8f83\u4e3a\u76db\u884c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5b66\u9662\u6d3e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66(academic economics)\u3001\u4f01\u4e1a\u653f\u6cbb(corporate politics)\u3001\u534e\u5c14\u8857\u3001\u51fa\u7248\u5de5\u4e1a(publishing industry)\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u540e\u6b96\u6c11\u975e\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\u5546\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5386\u7a0b\u3002\u8fd9\u5f20\u8868\u683c\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5510\u00b7\u5fb7\u91cc\u7f57(Don Delillo)(\u300a\u743c\u65af\u5927\u8857\u300b<em>Great Jones Street<\/em>, 1973)\u3001\u65af\u5766\u5229\u00b7\u57c3\u5c14\u91d1(Stanley Elkin)(\u300a\u6cf0\u00b7\u5e03\u5217\u65af\u592b\u4eba\u300b<em>Mrs. Ted Bliss<\/em>, 1995)\u3001\u4e54\u7eb3\u68ee\u00b7\u5f17\u4f26\u5c91(Jonathan Franzen)(\u300a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e03\u57ce\u300b<em>The Twenty-Seventh City<\/em>, 1988)\u548c\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7 \u5384\u666e\u4ee3\u514b(John Updike)(\u300a\u653f\u53d8\u300b<em>The Coup<\/em>, 1978)\u90fd\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u4f5c\u5bb6\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u5458\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u88681 \u7f8e\u56fd\u5c0f\u8bf4\u6837\u672c\uff0c\u6309\u201c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u201d\u6392\u540d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_4-1024x823.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6022\" width=\"741\" height=\"596\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_4-1024x823.png 1024w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_4-300x241.png 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_4-768x617.png 768w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_4-1536x1234.png 1536w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_4.png 1820w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 741px) 100vw, 741px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u518d\u770b\u6392\u5728\u9ad8\u4f4d\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u5c0f\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u91d1\u878d\u60ca\u609a\u5c0f\u8bf4(financial thriller)\u3001\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5f02\u6258\u90a6(dystopia)\u3001\u94f6\u884c\u76d7\u7a83\u6848\u548c\u4fa6\u63a2\u5c0f\u8bf4(whodunits)\u3002\u51ef\u745f\u7433\u00b7\u5185\u7ef4\u5c14(Katherine Neville)\u7684\u91d1\u878d\u72af\u7f6a\u5c0f\u8bf4\u300a\u4e00\u6b21\u7cbe\u5fc3\u7b56\u5212\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u300b(<em>A Calculated Risk<\/em>, 1992)\u6392\u884c\u7b2c\u56db\u3002\u72af\u7f6a\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4f5c\u5bb6\u5510\u7eb3\u5fb7\u00b7E.\u97e6\u65af\u7279\u83b1\u514b(Donald E.&nbsp;<em>Westlake<\/em>)\u6709\u4e09\u672c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u8fdb\u5165\u524d100\u3002\u5e15\u7279\u00b7\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u900a(Pat Robertson)\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u672b\u4e16\u5c0f\u8bf4\u300a\u4e16\u4ee3\u7684\u7ec8\u7ed3\u300b(<em>The End of the Age<\/em>, 1995)\u6392\u5728\u7b2c21\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u524d0.5%\u3002\u300a\u730e\u7ea2\u8005\u300b(<em>The Redhunter<\/em>, 1995)\uff0c\u5c0f\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7F.\u5df4\u514b\u5229(William F. Buckley Jr.)\u8bd5\u56fe\u66ff\u7ea6\u745f\u592b\u00b7\u9ea6\u5361\u9521(Joseph McCarthy)\u633d\u56de\u58f0\u8a89\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u6392\u540d556\u4f4d\uff0c\u6070\u597d\u6392\u5728\u524d10%\u4e4b\u5916\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8bed\u8a00\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7ecf\u6d4e\u73b0\u8c61\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u7acb\u573a\u6e17\u900f\u5230\u6709\u5404\u79cd\u653f\u6cbb\u503e\u5411\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u57281973\u5e74\u540e\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u4e3a\u9891\u7e41\u3002\u6839\u636e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u6700\u6709\u7ecf\u6d4e\u610f\u5473\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f53\u5c5e\u54c8\u4f5b\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u80af\u5c3c\u65af\u00b7\u52a0\u5c14\u5e03\u96f7\u65af\u7684\u300a\u4e00\u4f4d\u7ec8\u8eab\u6559\u6388\u300b(1990)\uff0c\u8fd9\u672c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5145\u5206\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8bed\u8a00\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u5c0f\u8bf4\u6e17\u900f\u4e4b\u5e7f\u3002\u8fd9\u672c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u8bbd\u523a\u4e86\u5e38\u6625\u85e4\u76df\u6821\u5b66\u672f\u5708\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\u5f0f\u7684\u4e50\u89c2\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u539f\u6559\u65e8\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u4e3b\u89d2\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7406\u6027\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u8005\uff0c\u7ecf\u54c8\u8036\u514b(F. A. Hayek)\u548c\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u66fc\u5927\u8086\u9f13\u5439\uff0c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u4eba\u7269\u57281973\u5e74\u540e\u98ce\u884c\u4e00\u65f6\u3002\u5e74\u8f7b\u6709\u4e3a\u7684\u54c8\u4f5b\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u8499\u54e5\u9a6c\u5229\u00b7\u9a6c\u6587(Montgomery Marvin)\u5728\u83f2\u5229\u666e\u65af\u57c3\u514b\u585e\u7279(Philips Exeter)\u3001\u54c8\u4f5b(Harvard)\u548c\u4f2f\u514b\u5229(Berkeley)\u63a5\u53d7\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u662f\u51b0\u7bb1\u5b9a\u4ef7\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6;\u4ed6\u6839\u636e\u975e\u7406\u6027\u8005\u7684\u72c2\u70ed\u60c5\u7eea\u5f00\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u501f\u6b64\u6295\u5165\u8bc1\u5238\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u65e0\u9650\u589e\u957f\u7684\u4fe1\u5fc3\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u8d4c\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u8d5a\u53d6\u5de8\u989d\u8d22\u5bcc\u3002\u5728\u201c\u9ed1\u8272\u661f\u671f\u4e00\u201d(Black Monday)\u2014\u20141987\u5e7410\u670819\u65e5\u7684\u524d\u51e0\u4e2a\u6708\u91cc\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5229\u6da6\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u9876\u5cf0;\u4ed6\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u201c\u975e\u7406\u6027(irrationality)\u53d8\u5f97\u5e38\u89c1\uff0c\u72c2\u70ed\u53d8\u5f97\u6d41\u884c\u4e14\u666e\u904d\u201d<sup>[33]<\/sup>\u3002\u52a0\u5c14\u5e03\u96f7\u65af\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u51ef\u6069\u65af\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u5199\u6b64\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4e3a\u52a8\u6447\u5f53\u65f6\u65e5\u76ca\u4e0a\u5347\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u5373\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u597d\u4eba\u201d(goodman)\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0d\u5e26\u6279\u5224\u5730\u201c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7f8e\u5229\u575a\uff0c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5b83\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u5236\u5ea6\u201d\u3002<sup>[34]<\/sup>\u52a0\u5c14\u5e03\u96f7\u65af\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u91ce\u5fc3\uff0c\u5b83\u4f01\u56fe\u89e3\u91ca\u4e2a\u4f53\u548c\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u89e3\u91ca\u5931\u8d25\u4e86\uff0c\u5e76\u56e0\u6b64\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4f2a\u5584\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u90e8\u4f5c\u54c1\u662f\u4e00\u90e8\u5fae\u89c2\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5c0f\u8bf4\u3002<sup>[35]<\/sup>\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6216\u8bb8\u89c9\u5f97\u8fd9\u4e00\u7c7b\u578b\u6700\u9002\u5408\u63cf\u8ff0\u5b83:\u5fae\u89c2\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u95f9\u5267(microeconomic farce)\u3002<sup>[36]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u7ed3\u5c3e\uff0c\u56fd\u4f1a\u4f20\u5524\u9a6c\u6587\uff0c\u5728\u542c\u8bc1\u4f1a\u4e0a\u4ed6\u56e0\u201c\u4e25\u91cd\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u201d\u88ab\u653b\u51fb\u4e3a\u201c\u975e\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u201d(un-American)\u3002<sup>[37]<\/sup>\u56fd\u4f1a\u7acb\u6cd5\u7981\u6b62\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ed6\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5b9a\u7f6a\uff0c\u6ca1\u6536\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\uff0c\u8bbd\u523a\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u4e4b\u540d\u53bb\u8c03\u63a7\u5e02\u573a\u3002\u56fd\u4f1a\u5982\u6b64\u884c\u4e8b\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u9a6c\u6587\u5df2\u5f00\u59cb\u5229\u7528\u5b83\u79ef\u6512\u7684\u8d22\u5bcc\u5f71\u54cd\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u8d44\u52a9\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u7684\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u53bb\u5bf9\u6297\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684\u5f53\u6743\u8005\u3002\u65e9\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0e\u4ed6\u7684\u59bb\u5b50\u9a6c\u5c14\u5409(Marjie)\u66fe\u4e3a\u5927\u4f01\u4e1a\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7ba1\u7406\u5c42\u4e2d\u7684\u6027\u522b\u5e73\u7b49\u800c\u6597\u4e89\uff0c\u66fe\u8d44\u52a9\u8bbe\u7acb\u201c\u548c\u5e73\u7814\u7a76\u201d(peace studies)\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u8bb2\u5e2d\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u66fe\u4e70\u65ad\u54c8\u4f5b\u5728\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0b\u5357\u975e\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u3002\u52a0\u5c14\u5e03\u96f7\u65af\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e0e\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u95ee\u9898\u7d27\u5bc6\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u8bf8\u5982\u5b66\u79d1\u4e13\u4e1a\u5316\u3001\u91d1\u878d\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u5e02\u573a\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7684\u91d1\u94b1\u3001\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u4e2d\u7684\u6027\u522b\u8bae\u9898\u3001\u673a\u6784\u4e0e\u5b98\u50da\u4f53\u5236\u4ee5\u53ca\u5168\u7403\u6b63\u4e49\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u90e8\u5206\u5c55\u73b0\u4e86\u7ecf\u6d4e\u73b0\u8c61\u5982\u4f55\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5730\u6e17\u900f\u5230\u5c0f\u8bf4\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e481973\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8bed\u8a00\u8fc5\u901f\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u5e76\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8bed\u8a00\u5728\u5c0f\u8bf4\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u53d8\u5316:\u56db\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7a33\u5b9a\u8ba9\u6b65\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u50ac\u751f\u4e86\u57fa\u4e8e\u6279\u5224\u7406\u6027\u9009\u62e9\u7406\u8bba(rational choice theory)\u800c\u521b\u7acb\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u30021973\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u89c1\u8bc1\u4e86\u7ecf\u6d4e\u601d\u60f3\u5411\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df\u548c\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u66fc\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u540d\u516c\u5171\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u5176\u53d1\u5bb6\u53f2\u4fbf\u5370\u8bc1\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002\u91d1\u878d\u5728\u516c\u5171\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u65e5\u6e10\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5f00\u59cb\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u573a\u6240\u4e2d\u4e3a\u5e73\u6743\u4f5c\u6597\u4e89\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\uff08\u56db\uff09\u79cd\u65cf\u4e0e\u6027\u522b<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5173\u6ce8\u7ecf\u6d4e\u60f3\u8c61\u57281973\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5ffd\u7565\u57fa\u4e8e\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u548c\u6027\u522b\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8bed\u8a00\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u8bf7\u53c2\u8003\u4e0b\u9762\u4e24\u5f20\u66f2\u7ebf\u56fe(\u56fe4\u548c\u56fe5)\u3002<sup>[38]<\/sup>\u5e73\u5747\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u672f\u8bed\u8981\u6bd4\u7537\u6027\u5c1120%\uff0c\u975e\u88d4\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f5c\u5bb6\u6bd4\u767d\u4eba\u4f5c\u5bb6\u5c1110%\u201415%\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u6027\u4e0e\u4f53\u5236\u6027\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5:\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8bed\u8a00\u6210\u4e3a\u767d\u4eba\u7537\u6027\u7279\u6743\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u4e5f\u4e3a\u4f5c\u8005\u548c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7b14\u4e0b\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u4eab\u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u6743\u63d0\u4f9b\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002\u5728\u767d\u4eba\u7537\u6027\u4f5c\u8005\u5199\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u6743\u5728\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u6587\u672c\u4e4b\u4e2d\u662f\u4ee5\u600e\u6837\u7684\u9762\u76ee\u51fa\u73b0\u7684?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\u79cd\u65cf\u8bae\u9898\u4e0b\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u56de\u5230\u300a\u4e00\u4f4d\u7ec8\u8eab\u6559\u6388\u300b\u3002\u9a6c\u6587\u5173\u6ce8\u793e\u4f1a\u516c\u4e49\uff0c\u4ed6\u6e34\u671b\u4e3a\u201c\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8bc9\u6c42\u505a\u51fa\u4e00\u5c0f\u4efd\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u548c\u5e73\u3001\u9762\u5411\u7a77\u4eba\u548c\u5185\u57ce\u5c45\u6c11\u7684\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u3001\u6536\u5165\u5206\u914d\u4e2d\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u5e73\u7b49\u201d\u3002<sup>[39]<\/sup>\u4ed6\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\uff0c\u51ed\u501f\u4ed6\u663e\u8d6b\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6765\u81ea\u7236\u4eb2\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\u548c\u59bb\u5b50\u6240\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u6258\u9a6c\u65af\u00b7\u76ae\u51ef\u8482(Thomas Piketty)\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u300a21\u4e16\u7eaa\u8d44\u672c\u8bba\u300b(Capital in the 21st Century, 2013)\u4e2d\u63ed\u793a\uff0c\u7ee7\u627f\u6240\u5f97\u8d22\u5bcc\u7684\u589e\u957f\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u6536\u5165\u6240\u5f97\u8d22\u5bcc\uff0c\u4f7f\u7f8e\u56fd\u79cd\u65cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8d22\u5bcc\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6076\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u9a6c\u6587\u592b\u5987\u53d7\u60e0\u5176\u4e2d\u3002\u5bcc\u8005\u6052\u5bcc\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u6839\u690d\u4e8e\u79cd\u65cf\u548c\u6027\u522b\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u7279\u6743\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u624d\u9020\u5c31\u4e86\u9a6c\u6587\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u98ce\u5c1a\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u7684\u4e3a\u201c\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8bc9\u6c42\u6240\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u5c0f\u4efd\u8d21\u732e\u201d\u3002<sup>[40]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9a6c\u5c14\u5409\u5bf9\u5979\u4e08\u592b\u7684\u8bf8\u591a\u9009\u62e9\u6709\u7740\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u53d9\u8ff0\u8005\u58f0\u79f0\uff0c\u65e9\u5728\u5979\u7684\u4e08\u592b\u8fd8\u602f\u602f\u61e6\u61e6\u4e4b\u65f6\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5979\u65e0\u754f\u5730\u6839\u636e\u4ed6\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6a21\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u6295\u8d44\uff0c\u8ba9\u5979\u6536\u83b7\u4e86\u201c\u4e00\u6839\u80fd\u5728\u5f80\u540e\u5c81\u6708\u5f71\u54cd\u2014\u2014\u786e\u5207\u8bf4\uff0c\u7edf\u9886\u2014\u2014\u9a6c\u6587\u7684\u5f3a\u800c\u6709\u529b\u7684\u6760\u6746\u201d\u3002<sup>[41]<\/sup>\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u4e0e\u5979\u7684\u4e08\u592b\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u5979\u4e00\u65e0\u6240\u77e5\u3002\u56e0\u800c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f88\u96be\u4e0d\u8fbe\u6210\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba:\u65e0\u8bba\u5979\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u6709\u591a\u5927\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u9a6c\u6587\u6240\u8bf4\uff0c\u5979\u6700\u5927\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u5728\u4e8e\u201c\u5979\u4e3a\u4ed6\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u9526\u4e0a\u6dfb\u82b1\u201d\u3002<sup>[42]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_5-1024x639.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6023\" width=\"673\" height=\"420\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_5-1024x639.png 1024w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_5-300x187.png 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_5-768x479.png 768w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_5-1536x958.png 1536w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_5.png 1988w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 673px) 100vw, 673px\" \/><figcaption>\u56fe4&nbsp;\u4f9d\u636e\u4f5c\u8005\u6027\u522b\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7a0b\u5ea6<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><span style=\"color:#b7b7b7\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u6ce8:\u6a2a\u8f74\u4e3a\u51fa\u7248\u65e5\u671f\uff0c\u7eb5\u8f74\u4e3a\u5e73\u5747\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u5b9e\u7ebf\u3001\u5706\u70b9\u4e3a\u5973\u6027\u4f5c\u5bb6\uff0c\u865a\u7ebf\u3001\u4e09\u89d2\u4e3a\u7537\u6027\u4f5c\u5bb6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_6-1024x644.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6024\" width=\"692\" height=\"435\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_6-1024x644.png 1024w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_6-300x189.png 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_6-768x483.png 768w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_6-1536x965.png 1536w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_6.png 1976w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 692px) 100vw, 692px\" \/><figcaption>\u56fe5 \u4f9d\u636e\u4f5c\u8005\u79cd\u65cf\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7a0b\u5ea6<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><span style=\"color:#b7b7b7\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u6ce8:\u6a2a\u8f74\u4e3a\u51fa\u7248\u65e5\u671f\uff0c\u7eb5\u8f74\u4e3a\u5e73\u5747\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u5b9e\u7ebf\u3001\u5706\u70b9\u4e3a\u9ed1\u4eba\u4f5c\u5bb6\uff0c\u865a\u7ebf\u3001\u4e09\u89d2\u4e3a\u767d\u4eba\u4f5c\u5bb6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9a6c\u6587\u6e34\u671b\u53bb\u5e2e\u52a9\u5185\u57ce\u5c45\u6c11\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u8fd9\u90e8\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u4e3b\u89d2\uff0c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u663e\u7136\u6ca1\u6709\u975e\u767d\u4eba\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u201c\u4e00\u4f4d\u7ec8\u8eab\u6559\u6388\u201d\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u5e7f\u6cdb\u6d41\u4f20\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u662f\u8272\u76f2\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u90a3\u4e9b\u5c06\u975e\u767d\u79cd\u4eba\u533a\u5206\u5bf9\u5f85\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u91cd\u65b0\u7f16\u7801\u6210\u9636\u7ea7\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6839\u636e\u89c4\u8303\u5316\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8bed\u8a00\u800c\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u91cd\u65b0\u7f16\u7801\u3002\u798f\u5229(welfare)\u3001\u79fb\u6c11\u519c\u4e1a(migrant farming)\u3001\u6279\u5224\u6027\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7814\u7a76(Critical Legal Studies)\u3001\u5357\u975e\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb(South African apartheid)\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bcd\u6c47\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\uff0c\u5374\u4e0d\u66fe\u89e6\u53ca\u79cd\u65cf\u95ee\u9898;\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u89c4\u8303\u5316\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8bed\u8a00\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u5f0f\u7684\u8272\u76f2(liberal colorblindness)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u60f3\u60f3\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5bf9\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\u7684\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5b83\u4ece\u6765\u5c31\u4e0d\u662f\u4ee5\u79cd\u65cf\u533a\u9694\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u88ab\u629b\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5f53\u54c8\u4f5b\u6559\u804c\u5458\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u7684\u6559\u6388\u4eec\u4e89\u8bba\u8d77\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u53d9\u8ff0\u8005\u5374\u5c06\u5176\u5f52\u7c7b\u4e3a\u4e0e\u201c\u91d1\u878d\u4e8b\u52a1\u201d\u76f8\u5173\u3002<sup>[43]<\/sup>\u9a6c\u6587\u6536\u8d2d\u4e86\u54c8\u4f5b\u6df1\u9677\u4e8e\u5357\u975e\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u8bc1\u5238\uff0c\u7f13\u89e3\u4e86\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u5c34\u5c2c\u5883\u51b5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u8fd8\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6536\u8d2d\u80fd\u591f\u5e26\u6765\u4e00\u7b14\u201c\u4e0d\u5c0f\u7684\u5229\u6da6\u201d\u3002<sup>[44]<\/sup>\u6216\u8005\u60f3\u60f3\u9a6c\u6587\u52aa\u529b\u8981\u6c42\u519c\u573a\u4e3a\u79fb\u6c11\u5de5\u4eba(\u5927\u591a\u6570\u662f\u62c9\u4e01\u88d4\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba)\u63d0\u4f9b\u5395\u6240\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u5730\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8fa9\u8bba\u4e5f\u662f\u4ee5\u7ecf\u6d4e\u672f\u8bed\u5c55\u5f00\u7684\u3002\u300a\u534e\u5c14\u8857\u65e5\u62a5\u300b\u8d5e\u626c\u201c\u56fd\u4f1a\u5bf9\u5395\u6240\u7684\u62b5\u5236\uff0c\u8bf4\u8fd9\u662f\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u4f01\u4e1a\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u6076\u6bd2\u7684\u653b\u51fb\u201d\u3002<sup>[45]<\/sup>\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u767d\u79cd\u6027(whiteness)\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fa9\u8bba\u7684\u91cd\u65b0\u7f16\u7801\u4e2d\u5f97\u4ee5\u5f70\u663e\uff0c\u5b83\u4f7f\u5f97\u79cd\u65cf\u548c\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u4ea4\u6c47\u505c\u7559\u5728\u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5c42\u9762\u3002\u5728\u9a6c\u6587\u7684\u7ec8\u8eab\u6559\u804c\u5ba1\u6838\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u6559\u5e08\u201c\u63d0\u9192\u5927\u5bb6\uff0c\u50cf\u5f80\u5e38\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u8be5\u7cfb\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\u672a\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u5973\u6027\u548c\u5c11\u6570\u65cf\u88d4\u7684\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u201d\u3002<sup>[46]<\/sup>\u4ed6\u7684\u62c5\u5fe7\u5728\u4e00\u7247\u6c89\u9ed8\u4e2d\u88ab\u7565\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\uff08\u4e94\uff09\u9ed1\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u4f5c\u5bb6<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u603b\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u9ed1\u4eba\u4f5c\u5bb6\u7684\u201c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u201d\u5206\u6570\u8981\u4f4e\u4e8e\u767d\u4eba\u4f5c\u5bb6\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u4f5c\u5bb6\u5219\u4f4e\u4e8e\u7537\u6027\u4f5c\u5bb6(\u89c1\u56fe6)\u3002\u6839\u636e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5728\u6240\u6709\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u9ed1\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u6240\u5f97\u5206\u6570\u603b\u662f\u6700\u4f4e\u7684\u3002\u5230\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a\u6b62\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ed3\u679c\u5e76\u4e0d\u51fa\u4e4e\u610f\u6599\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u300a\u4e00\u4f4d\u7ec8\u8eab\u6559\u6388\u300b\u7684\u9605\u8bfb\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8bed\u8a00\u4e3a\u901a\u5411\u767d\u79cd\u6027(whiteness)\u548c\u7236\u6743(patriarchy)\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8c61\u5f81\u6027\u7684\u901a\u9053\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u53cd\u601d\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u9ed1\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u771f\u7684\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4e0d\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u5417?\u6216\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u53e6\u5916\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53bb\u4e66\u5199\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\uff0c\u800c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u68c0\u9a8c\u51fa\u6765?\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53e6\u5916\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6216\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6587\u672c\u7ec6\u8bfb\u5206\u8fa8\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u5e76\u51ed\u501f\u5176\u72ec\u7279\u6027\u6765\u4e86\u89e3\u5230\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5c40\u9650\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u662f\u5b66\u79d1\u5f0f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5c40\u9650?\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u60f3\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u91ca\u9ed1\u4eba\u5973\u4f5c\u5bb6\u201c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u201d\u5206\u6570\u57281990\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u7a81\u7136\u98d9\u5347?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_7-2-1024x631.png\" alt=\"\u56fe\u7247\" class=\"wp-image-6027\" width=\"726\" height=\"447\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_7-2-1024x631.png 1024w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_7-2-300x185.png 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_7-2-768x473.png 768w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_7-2-1536x946.png 1536w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_7-2-2048x1262.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 726px) 100vw, 726px\" \/><figcaption>\u56fe6 &nbsp;\u6839\u636e\u4f5c\u8005\u6027\u522b\u4e0e\u79cd\u65cf\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7a0b\u5ea6<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><span style=\"color:#b7b7b7\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u6ce8:\u6a2a\u8f74\u4e3a\u51fa\u7248\u65e5\u671f\uff0c\u7eb5\u8f74\u4e3a\u5e73\u5747\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u5de6\u5e45\u4e3a\u9ed1\u4eba\u4f5c\u5bb6\uff0c\u53f3\u5e45\u4e3a\u767d\u4eba\u4f5c\u5bb6\u3002\u5b9e\u7ebf\u3001\u5706\u70b9\u4e3a\u5973\u6027\u4f5c\u5bb6\uff0c\u865a\u7ebf\u3001\u4e09\u89d2\u4e3a\u7537\u6027\u4f5c\u5bb6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7814\u7a7620\u4e16\u7eaa\u540e\u671f\u7684\u9ed1\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u4e66\u5199\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u201c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u9ed1\u4eba\u6587\u827a\u590d\u5174\u201d(Second Black Renaissance)\u4e2d\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u9ed1\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5bb6\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6258\u59ae\u00b7\u83ab\u91cc\u68ee(Toni Morrison)\u3001\u76d6\u5c14\u00b7\u743c\u65af(Gayl Jones)\u3001\u6258\u59ae\u00b7\u51ef\u5fb7\u00b7\u73ed\u5df4\u62c9(Toni Cade Bambara)\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u533a\u9694\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5916\u3002\u9ed1\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u6587\u5b66\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u57281970\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u665a\u671f\u52301980\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u62d3\u5c55\u4e86\u8be5\u65f6\u671f\u5e7f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u9ed1\u4eba\u827a\u672f\u8fd0\u52a8(Black Art Movement)\uff0c\u7740\u624b\u98a0\u8986\u4e3b\u6d41\u7f8e\u56fd\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u89c4\u7a0b\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5979\u4eec\u6311\u6218\u8be5\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\u7684\u96c4\u6027\u6c14\u8d28(masculine)\u548c\u7236\u6743\u504f\u89c1(patriarchal bias)\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u4e0e\u9ed1\u4eba\u7f8e\u5b66(Black Aesthetic)\u51b3\u88c2\u3002\u636e\u9a6c\u675c\u00b7\u675c\u6bd4(Madhu Dubey)\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u9ed1\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u7684\u6587\u672c\u201c\u91cd\u6784\u548c\u8865\u5145\u4e86\u9ed1\u4eba\u6587\u5316\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49(black cultural nationalism)\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u7eb2\u9886\u201d\u3002<sup>[47]<\/sup>\u5df4\u5c14\u5df4\u62c9\u00b7\u514b\u91cc\u65af\u8482\u5b89(Barbara Christian)\u548c\u6885\u00b7\u4ea8\u5fb7\u68ee(Mae G. Henderson)\u7b49\u5b66\u8005\u56e0\u800c\u4e3b\u5f20\uff0c\u9ed1\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u7684\u865a\u6784\u4f5c\u54c1\u662f\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u53cc\u91cd\u7684\u4ed6\u5f02\u6027(a double alterity)\u7ec4\u6210\u7684:\u65e2\u4f5c\u4e3a\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u7f8e\u5229\u575a\u767d\u4eba\u865a\u6784\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u201c\u4ed6\u8005\u201d(other)\uff0c\u53c8\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9ed1\u4eba\u7537\u6027\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u201c\u4ed6\u8005\u201d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u4ea8\u5fb7\u68ee\u7684\u300a\u9976\u820c\u8bf4\u8bdd\u300b(<em>Speaking in Tongues<\/em>)\u8fd9\u6837\u73b0\u5728\u88ab\u5949\u4e3a\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u63ed\u9732\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u4ed6\u5f02\u6027\u5728\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\u548c\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e0a\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u9ed1\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u7684\u4e66\u5199\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u8bb8\u591a\u9ed1\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u5171\u6709\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5bf9\u6545\u4e8b\u53d9\u8ff0\u4e2d\u7684\u53e3\u5934\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e4b\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u5b83\u8fd8\u6709\u66f4\u6d53\u70c8\u7684\u5bf9\u8bdd\u53d9\u8ff0\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u6545\u610f\u8ba9\u5177\u6709\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u672f\u8bed\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u5bf9\u8bdd\u91cc\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u534f\u5546\u9738\u6743\u7684\u548c\u975e\u9738\u6743\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u8bdd\u8bed\u3002\u4ea8\u5fb7\u68ee\u8ba4\u4e3a:\u201c\u9ed1\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u5e94\u8be5\u4ee5\u591a\u5143\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\u548c\u591a\u6837\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u8bf4\u8bdd\u3002\u201d<sup>[48]<\/sup>\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u591a\u5143\u6027\u548c\u591a\u6837\u6027\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u662f\u5bf9\u4e3b\u6d41\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u98a0\u8986\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u9ed1\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u7684\u4e66\u5199\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u7fa4\u4f53\u533a\u9694\u5f00\u6765\uff0c\u5c31\u8bf4\u5f97\u901a\u4e86\u3002\u5bf9\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5979\u4eec\u7684\u5199\u4f5c\u6700\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u7ecf\u6d4e\u610f\u5473\u5462?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u5f97\u8d76\u7d27\u6f84\u6e05\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5c06\u6211\u4eec\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u89e3\u8bfb\u6210\u9ed1\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u4f5c\u5bb6\u4e0d\u5199\u201c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u201d\u8bae\u9898\uff0c\u8fd9\u66f4\u4f1a\u5c06\u9ed1\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u5199\u4f5c\u6c61\u540d\u5316\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5979\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e25\u8083\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u601d\u8003\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u9ed1\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u62d2\u7edd\u4e3b\u6d41\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8bdd\u8bed\u800c\u5199\u4f5c\u3002\u82cf\u73ca\u00b7\u5a01\u5229\u65af(Susan Wills)\u5c31\u6301\u6b64\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5979\u8ba4\u4e3a\u9ed1\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u4f5c\u5bb6\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5979\u4eec\u7528\u53e6\u5916\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u6765\u8868\u73b0\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u91d1\u878d\u751f\u6d3b:\u201c\u5728\u9ed1\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u4e66\u5199\u4e2d&#8230;&#8230;\u91d1\u94b1\u4ece\u6765\u5c31\u4e0d\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e&#8230;&#8230;\u3002\u5728\u9ed1\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u7684\u8bf8\u591a\u5c0f\u8bf4\u91cc\uff0c(\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u7684)\u52aa\u529b\u88ab\u8f6c\u79fb\u51fa\u8fb9\u7f18\u6027(marginality)\u548c\u4ece\u5c5e\u5730\u4f4d(dependency)\u7684\u6b8b\u9177\u73b0\u5b9e\uff0c\u53d8\u6210\u53e6\u7c7b\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u9690\u55bb\u6027\u9648\u8ff0\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u88ab\u7eb3\u5165\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e2d\u3002\u201d<sup>[49]<\/sup>\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u9ed1\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u4e66\u5199\u5728\u8bdd\u9898\u4e0a\u548c\u8bed\u8a00\u4e0a\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u4e00\u8d77\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u5728\u9ed1\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u4e66\u5199\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u2014\u2014\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u3001\u5b66\u79d1\u5f0f\u7684\u3001\u767d\u4eba\u7537\u6027\u4e3b\u5bb0\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u2014\u2014\u662f\u6a21\u7cca\u4e0d\u6e05\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u9ed1\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u5e38\u5e38\u7ecf\u5386\u8d22\u52a1\u4e0a\u7684\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002\u9ed1\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5bb6\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fd0\u7528\u8bed\u8a00\u53bb\u7406\u89e3\u5e76\u4e14\u8bb2\u8ff0\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8ba9\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u7cca\u6027\u5728\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u5f3a\u70c8\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u901a\u8fc7\u9605\u8bfb\u76d6\u5c14\u00b7\u743c\u65af\u7684\u300a\u79d1\u91cc\u57fa\u591a\u62c9\u300b(<em>Corregidora<\/em>, 1975)\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u5a01\u5c14\u65af\u7684\u8bba\u70b9\uff0c\u4e5f\u501f\u673a\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u81f3\u4eca\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u73b0\u4ec0\u4e48\u65b0\u9c9c\u4e4b\u4e8b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u6807\u5c3a\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u300a\u725b\u6d25\u300b\u53bb\u8861\u91cf\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u7528\u975e\u89c4\u8303\u5f62\u5f0f\u53bb\u8868\u8fbe\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8bae\u9898\u7684\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u9ed1\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u4e66\u5199\u5bf9\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u6807\u5c3a\u800c\u8a00\u662f\u6a21\u7cca\u4e0d\u6e05\u7684\u3002\u7136\u540e\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u300a\u725b\u6d25\u300b\u662f\u6709\u7f3a\u9677\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u8fd8\u662f\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bf9\u6297\u5f0f\u7684\u56de\u5e94\u4f1a\u963b\u788d\u63d0\u51fa\u66f4\u4e3a\u6df1\u8fdc\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u89e3\u91ca\u9ed1\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u4e66\u5199\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u300a\u725b\u6d25\u300b\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5931\u6548\u7684?\u5982\u679c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f20\u8fbe\u7b80\u5355\u3001\u68d8\u624b\u7684\u201c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u201d\u2014\u2014\u6709\u4eba\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u53cd\u5bf9\u2014\u2014\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u5c31\u5230\u6b64\u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u518d\u6b21\u91cd\u7533\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u8bba\u8bc1\u548c\u601d\u8003\u7684\u7cbe\u5bc6\u88c5\u7f6e\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u6790\u8fd9\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u601d\u8003\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u80fd\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u300a\u725b\u6d25\u300b\u548c\u9ed1\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u4e66\u5199\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5206\u6790\u300a\u79d1\u91cc\u57fa\u591a\u62c9\u300b\u3002\u9009\u6b64\u6587\u672c\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e24\u4e2a\u7406\u7531:\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u8fd9\u672c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5f97\u5206\u5f88\u4f4e\u2014\u2014\u5904\u4e8e\u6700\u540e\u768410%;\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u8fd9\u672c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u9ed1\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u8f6c\u6298\u70b9\u3002\u5728\u300a\u79d1\u91cc\u57fa\u591a\u62c9\u300b\u51fa\u7248\u540e\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u9ed1\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u6587\u672c\u7684\u201c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u201d\u51fa\u73b0\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u8be5\u503c\u4e0b\u964d\u5230\u6bd4\u9ed1\u4eba\u7537\u6027\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4f4e40%\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u8be5\u65f6\u671f\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5404\u4e2a\u7edf\u8ba1\u7fa4\u7ec4\u6240\u80fd\u89c1\u5230\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u57281975\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u77ed\u6682\u7684\u8d8b\u540c\u540e\uff0c\u9ed1\u4eba\u7537\u6027\u4e0e\u5973\u6027\u4f5c\u5bb6\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u5404\u81ea\u5173\u4e8e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8bae\u9898\u7684\u8868\u8ff0\u4e2d\u5f00\u59cb\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u660e\u663e\u7684\u5206\u6b67\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u653e\u57281975\u5e74\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u300a\u79d1\u91cc\u57fa\u591a\u62c9\u300b\u3002\u6b64\u4e24\u8005\u9884\u793a\u7740\u540e\u6765\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u5728\u5c0f\u8bf4\u51fa\u7248\u4e4b\u9645\uff0c\u83ab\u91cc\u68ee\u9884\u8a00\u9053:\u201c\u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u63cf\u5199\u9ed1\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u518d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u50cf\u4ee5\u524d\u90a3\u6837\u5199\u3002(\u300a\u79d1\u91cc\u57fa\u591a\u62c9\u300b)\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u548c\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u201d<sup>[50]<\/sup>\u5c06\u300a\u79d1\u91cc\u57fa\u591a\u62c9\u300b\u89c6\u4e3a\u5373\u5c06\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u9ed1\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u5199\u4f5c\u7684\u5148\u884c\u8005\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u90e8\u5c0f\u8bf4\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u523b:\u300a\u725b\u6d25\u300b\u5f00\u59cb\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bb0\u5f55\u9ed1\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u7684\u4e66\u5199\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u72b6\u51b5\u65e5\u540e\u6108\u53d1\u4e25\u91cd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u300a\u79d1\u91cc\u57fa\u591a\u62c9\u300b\u8bb2\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ed1\u4eba\u5987\u5973\u3001\u84dd\u8c03\u6b4c\u624b\u4e4c\u5c14\u838e(Ursa)\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5979\u4e0e\u5979\u7684\u5927\u5bb6\u65cf\u3001\u5206\u5c45\u7684\u4e08\u592b\u7a46\u7279(Mutt)\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4ee51940\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u4e3a\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u6545\u4e8b\u4e3b\u8981\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u80af\u5854\u57fa\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4ea4\u53c9\u7a7f\u63d2\u4e86\u4e4c\u5c14\u838e\u7236\u6bcd\u3001\u7956\u7236\u6bcd\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u2014\u2014\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u4e0a\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u66fe\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df4\u897f\u4eba\u897f\u8499\u00b7\u79d1\u91cc\u57fa\u591a\u62c9(Simon Corregidora)\u7684\u5974\u96b6\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0a\u8fd8\u662f\u5730\u7406\u4e0a\uff0c\u53d9\u8ff0\u603b\u662f\u56f4\u7ed5\u7740\u5974\u96b6\u5236\uff0c\u7a7f\u63d2\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e0e\u73b0\u5728\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e0e\u5357\u7f8e\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002\u8c22\u4e3d\u5c14\u00b7\u6c83\u5c14(Cheryl Wall)\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u8bc4\u8bba\u5bb6\u90fd\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u8fd9\u90e8\u5c0f\u8bf4\u63cf\u7ed8\u51fa\u767d\u4eba\u5974\u96b6\u4e3b\u548c\u9ed1\u5974\u4e4b\u95f4\u88ab\u6027\u66b4\u529b\u6d3b\u5316(animating)\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e0e\u540e\u5974\u96b6\u65f6\u4ee3\u9ed1\u4eba\u7537\u6027\u4e0e\u5973\u6027\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u6709\u7740\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\u3002<sup>[51]<\/sup>\u8fd9\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u4e00\u76f4\u628a\u9ed1\u4eba\u5987\u5973\u6846\u5b9a\u4e3a\u6027\u7269\u4ef6(sexual objects)\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u751f\u80b2\u540e\u4ee3\u7684\u673a\u5668\u3002\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\uff0c\u7a46\u7279\u6bb4\u6253\u4e4c\u5c14\u838e\uff0c\u81f4\u5176\u6d41\u4ea7\uff0c\u6025\u9700\u505a\u5b50\u5bab\u5207\u9664\u624b\u672f\u3002\u5728\u4f59\u4e0b\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u91cc\uff0c\u4e4c\u5c14\u838e\u4e00\u76f4\u4e3a\u5176\u5b58\u5728\u5bfb\u627e\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d85\u8d8a\u751f\u80b2\u7684\u65b0\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5979\u73b0\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u80fd\u751f\u80b2\u3002\u5f53\u5979\u8e0f\u4e0a\u81ea\u6211\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u65c5\u7a0b\u65f6\uff0c\u5979\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u7236\u6bcd\u548c\u7956\u7236\u6bcd\u5148\u524d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5974\u96b6\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u4ed6\u4eec\u548c\u5979\u81ea\u5df1\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u4ee4\u4eba\u4e0d\u5b89\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u5979\u51ed\u76f4\u89c9\u53d1\u73b0\u4e00\u6761\u53ef\u80fd\u6253\u7834\u9ed1\u4eba\u7537\u6027\u548c\u5973\u6027\u4e4b\u95f4\u6027\u66b4\u529b\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u9053\u8def\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6839\u636e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u300a\u79d1\u91cc\u57fa\u591a\u62c9\u300b\u7684\u201c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u201d\u5206\u6570\u8fdc\u4f4e\u4e8e\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\u3002\u5373\u4fbf\u7c97\u7565\u8bfb\u4e00\u8bfb\u8fd9\u672c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e5f\u80fd\u77e5\u5176\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u5c0f\u8bf4\u53ea\u662f\u5076\u5c14\u4f7f\u7528\u90a3\u4e9b\u88ab\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u5f52\u7c7b\u4e3a\u201c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u201d\u7684\u8bcd\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\u5de5\u4f5c(job)\u548c\u52b3\u4f5c(work)\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u80fd\u591f\u63d0\u5347\u5176\u201c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u201d\u5206\u6570\u7684\u8bcd\u5747\u672a\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u300a\u79d1\u91cc\u57fa\u591a\u62c9\u300b\u53ea\u4f7f\u7528\u4e8614\u4e2a\u300a\u725b\u6d25\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u8bcd\u3002\u5f97\u5206\u6392\u5728\u524d10%\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u4f7f\u7528\u523097\u4e2a\u72ec\u4e00\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8bcd\u6c47(unique economic words)\uff0c\u4e03\u500d\u4e8e\u300a\u79d1\u91cc\u57fa\u591a\u62c9\u300b\u3002\u4e0e\u300a\u79d1\u91cc\u57fa\u591a\u62c9\u300b\u540c\u5728\u672b10%\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u6bcf\u672c\u4f7f\u7528\u523037\u4e2a\u72ec\u4e00\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8bcd\u6c47\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u76f8\u6bd4\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4e66\uff0c\u743c\u65af\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u770b\u4e0a\u53bb\u7f3a\u5c11\u80fd\u88ab\u8bc6\u522b\u51fa\u7684\u201c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u201d\u3002\u6709\u4eba\u4f1a\u8bf4\u8fd9\u4e5f\u8bb8\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5bf9\u8bdd;\u6216\u8005\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u53ea\u96c6\u4e2d\u8ba8\u8bba\u6027;\u6216\u8005\u56e0\u4e3a\u5176\u89c6\u89d2\u4e25\u91cd\u504f\u5411\u5bb6\u5ead\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u5f88\u5c11\u79bb\u5f00\u5bb6\u5ead\u7a7a\u95f4;\u6216\u8005\u4ec5\u4ec5\u56e0\u4e3a\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u89d2\u8272\u90fd\u5f88\u7a77\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8c08\u53ca\u90a3\u4e9b\u4ed6\u4eec\u672a\u66fe\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f46\u8fd9\u6837\u4fbf\u662f\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u5373\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u53d9\u8ff0\u662f\u5bf9\u7f8e\u6d32\u5974\u96b6\u5236\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u3002\u5728\u4e4c\u5c14\u838e\u5f53\u4e0b\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u53d9\u8ff0\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u6709\u957f\u7bc7\u7684\u53d9\u8ff0\u6027\u56de\u5fc6\u63d2\u8fdb\u6765\u2014\u2014\u5173\u4e8e\u897f\u8499\u00b7\u79d1\u91cc\u57fa\u591a\u62c9\u548c\u4ed619\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u671f\u79cd\u690d\u56ed\u7684\u56de\u5fc6\uff0c\u4e4c\u5c14\u838e\u7684\u7956\u6bcd\u548c\u6bcd\u4eb2\u4fbf\u6210\u957f\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6709\u89c4\u5f8b\u7684\u63d2\u53d9\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u4e3a\u5f53\u4ee3\u540e\u5974\u96b6\u5236\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u79cd\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u89e3\u91ca\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u201c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u201d\uff0c\u4e0e\u300a\u725b\u6d25\u300b\u770b\u91cd\u5e76\u60f3\u8981\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47\uff0c\u50cf\u201c\u8d22\u5bcc\u201d(wealth)\u3001\u201c\u8d22\u4ea7\u201d(property)\u3001\u201c\u4ef7\u503c\u201d(value)\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u5747\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u601d\u8003\u4e00\u4e2a\u573a\u666f:\u4e4c\u5c14\u838e\u7684\u5988\u5988\u8bb2\u8ff0\u5979\u7684\u79cd\u690d\u56ed\u65f6\u5149\u3002\u5979\u5148\u662f\u8c08\u8bba\u201c\u5236\u9020\u540e\u4ee3\u201d\u6216\u6027\u7684\u518d\u751f\u4ea7<sup>[52]<\/sup>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u897f\u8499\u00b7\u79d1\u91cc\u57fa\u591a\u62c9\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4e25\u5bc6\u5730\u76d1\u63a7\u5979\u7684\u6027\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u5979\u4e0e\u6df1\u80a4\u8272\u7684\u9ed1\u4eba\u53d1\u751f\u6027\u5173\u7cfb;\u63a5\u7740\uff0c\u5979\u63cf\u8ff0\u5974\u96b6\u4e3b\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u56e0\u4e3a\u5979\u7684\u7f8e\u8c8c\u800c\u5782\u9752\u4e8e\u5979\uff0c\u5c06\u5979\u89c6\u4f5c\u4ed6\u7684\u201c\u91d1\u8272\u5c0f\u732b\u201d(little gold pussy)\uff0c\u7528\u5c3d\u624b\u6bb5\u6765\u201c\u517b\u80b2\u201d\u5979\u3002<sup>[53]<\/sup>\u5979\u4ee5\u5bf9\u79cd\u690d\u56ed\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u5974\u96b6\u751f\u547d\u7684\u7b3c\u7edf\u8ffd\u5fc6\u4f5c\u7ed3\uff0c\u987a\u4fbf\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u201c\u5e15\u5c14\u9a6c\u96f7\u65af\u201d(Palmares)<sup>[54]<\/sup>\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5174\u8d77\u4e8e17\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u5df4\u897f\u81ea\u7531\u5974\u96b6\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u5bf918\u4e16\u7eaa\u300119\u4e16\u7eaa\u7f8e\u6d32\u5927\u9646\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8be6\u5c3d\u63cf\u8ff0:\u5974\u96b6\u5236\u548c\u79cd\u690d\u56ed\u3002\u8ba9\u6a21\u578b\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u662f\u4e66\u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u5974\u96b6\u5236\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u5927\u91cf\u660e\u663e\u4e0e\u8eab\u4f53\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u201c\u975e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u201d\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u201c\u4f20\u5b97\u63a5\u4ee3\u201d (making generations)\u548c\u201c\u517b\u80b2\u201d(cultivation)\uff0c\u4e0e\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8bcd\u6c47\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u201c\u8d22\u4ea7\u201d (property)\uff0c\u6df7\u6dc6\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u201c\u91d1\u8272\u5c0f\u732b\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u77ed\u8bed\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bed\u4e49\u5b66\u6700\u8be1\u5f02\u7684\u4f8b\u8bc1\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u8bc6\u522b\u5230\u4e86\u201c\u91d1\u8272\/\u9ec4\u91d1\u201d(gold)\u4e00\u8bcd\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4f1a\u5ffd\u7565\u5974\u96b6\u5236\u8bed\u5883\u4e0b\u66f4\u4e3a\u5e7f\u9614\u7684\u8bed\u4e49\u94fe\u6761\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u94fe\u6761\u4f9d\u8d56\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e8b\u7269\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u201c\u517b\u80b2\u201d\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47\u3001\u5173\u4e8e\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u3001\u5f53\u7136\u8fd8\u6709\u201c\u5974\u96b6\u5236\u201d\u548c\u201c\u79cd\u690d\u56ed\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bcd\u8bed\u90fd\u4e0d\u5728\u300a\u725b\u6d25\u300b\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6709\u4eba\u6216\u8bb8\u4f1a\u8fd9\u6837\u4e3a\u300a\u725b\u6d25\u300b\u5bf9\u5974\u96b6\u5236\u7684\u5ffd\u7565\u8fa9\u89e3:\u8fd9\u672c\u8bcd\u5178\u53ea\u5bf9\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0e\u5f53\u4ee3\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5b9e\u8df5\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u672f\u8bed\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u300a\u79d1\u91cc\u57fa\u591a\u62c9\u300b\u7ed5\u8fc7\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u5206\u91ce\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e0e\u73b0\u5728\u8054\u901a\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u53d9\u4e8b\u7684\u6269\u5f20(narrative dilation)\u6363\u6df7\u65f6\u95f4\u6027(temporality)\uff0c\u501f\u6b64\u8fa9\u79f0\u5974\u96b6\u5236\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5f71\u54cd\u4e00\u76f4\u6301\u7eed\u5230\u73b0\u5728\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u90e8\u5c0f\u8bf4\u575a\u79f0\uff0c\u5974\u96b6\u5236\u7684\u8bed\u4e49\u5b66\u662f\u8bb0\u5f55\u5f53\u4eca\u9ed1\u4eba\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u751f\u6d3b\u6240\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u4e4c\u5c14\u838e\u7528\u201c\u4f20\u5b97\u63a5\u4ee3\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u81ea\u5979\u6bcd\u4eb2\u65f6\u4ee3\u6b8b\u5b58\u81f3\u4eca\u7684\u8868\u8ff0\uff0c\u53bb\u63cf\u8ff0\u5979\u4e0e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002(\u5979\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u201c\u5de5\u4f5c\u201d\u4fbf\u662f\u751f\u4ea7\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u50cf\u662f\u5979\u6bcd\u4eb2\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5974\u96b6\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\u7684\u56de\u54cd\u3002)\u5728\u300a\u79d1\u91cc\u57fa\u591a\u62c9\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bf9\u9ed1\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u6765\u8bf4\u4ece\u672a\u7f3a\u5e2d;\u5974\u96b6\u5236\u7684\u8bed\u4e49\u5b66\u6bd4\u201c\u5f53\u4ee3\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u201d\u7684\u8bed\u4e49\u5b66\u66f4\u4e3a\u6df1\u5207\u5730\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u5979\u4eec\u751f\u6d3b\u5f53\u4e2d\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u4e3a1980\u5e74\u4ee3\u9ed1\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u4e66\u5199\u6253\u4f4e\u5206\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u7684\u662f\u4e24\u79cd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u751f\u6d3b\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8fd9\u79cd\u51b2\u7a81\u89c6\u4e3a\u9ed1\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u501f\u6b64\u53bb\u91cd\u65b0\u601d\u8003\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bf9\u9ed1\u4eba\u5386\u53f2(black history)\u6709\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u7684\u5173\u5207(selective relationship)\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u4e0a\u7684\u504f\u89c1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u8bf4\u660e\u9ed1\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u5c0f\u8bf4\u548c\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8bdd\u8bed\u65f6\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u8bb6\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u3002\u5982\u679c\u91cd\u65b0\u68c0\u89c6\u6211\u4eec\u6839\u636e\u4f5c\u8005\u6027\u522b\u4e0e\u79cd\u65cf\u5236\u4f5c\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u66f2\u7ebf\u56fe\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u660e\u663e\u5730\u770b\u5230\u5173\u8054\u9ed1\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u4f5c\u5bb6\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u4e0d\u4ec5\u57281970\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u7684\u663e\u8457\u5730\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u743c\u65af\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u65f6\u751f\u52a8\u5730\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u57281990\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\u5f00\u59cb\u5374\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u540c\u6837\u8fc5\u901f\u7684\u9006\u8f6c\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u8bb6\u7684\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8e\u9ed1\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8bed\u8a00\u5728\u300a\u725b\u6d25\u300b\u91cc\u662f\u4e00\u7247\u7a7a\u767d\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u7a7a\u767d\u663e\u5f97\u5c24\u4e3a\u77ed\u6682\u3002\u5728\u5bf9\u300a\u79d1\u91cc\u57fa\u591a\u62c9\u300b\u7684\u7ec6\u8bfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5974\u96b6\u5236\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8bdd\u8bed\uff0c\u800c\u300a\u725b\u6d25\u300b\u672a\u80fd\u5c06\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\u8bc6\u522b\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u6a21\u578b\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e0b\u9ed1\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u4f5c\u5bb6\u7684\u5f97\u5206\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0b\u964d\u662f\u77ed\u6682\u7684\u3002\u5230\u5e95\u9ed1\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u5199\u4f5c\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8bed\u8a00\u57281990\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u600e\u6837\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u66f4\u76f4\u63a5\u5730\u4e0e\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8bdd\u8bed\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408?\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u7ec6\u8bfb\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u53bb\u7406\u89e3\u5b83\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u89c2\u70b9\u4ecd\u7136\u662f:\u300a\u725b\u6d25\u300b\u4e2d\u6709\u660e\u663e\u7684\u7a7a\u767d\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u5173\u4e8e\u5c11\u6570\u65cf\u7fa4\u4f5c\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u8fd9\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5c11\u6570\u65cf\u7fa4\u4f5c\u8005\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e8e\u8ba9\u8fd9\u4e00\u7701\u7565\u6301\u7eed\u4e0b\u53bb;\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u65ad\uff0c\u5728\u9ed1\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u4f5c\u5bb6\u5f00\u59cb\u62d3\u5bbd\u5979\u4eec\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8bae\u9898\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u768415\u5e74\u4e4b\u5185\uff0c\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\uff0c\u5979\u4eec\u4ecd\u4f1a\u63f4\u5f15\u5974\u96b6\u5236\u7684\u8f6c\u55bb\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5979\u4eec\u6b63\u5728\u63a5\u7eb3\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8bdd\u8bed\uff0c\u5e76\u52a0\u5165\u5230\u8fd9\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u6765\u5c0f\u8bf4\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u6f6e\u6d41\u5f53\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\"><strong>\u4e94\u3001\u8c03\u63a7\u6a21\u578b &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u65e9\u4e9b\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u6279\u8bc4:\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5b66\u79d1\u5f0f\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u6750\u6599(\u300a\u725b\u6d25\u300b)\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b9a\u4e49\u201c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u201d\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u9057\u6f0f\u4e86\u4e00\u5927\u6279\u4ee5\u975e\u9738\u6743\u5f0f\u672f\u8bed\u6765\u60f3\u8c61\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8bae\u9898\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u8868\u8ff0\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u540c\u610f\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5efa\u6a21\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u5e76\u975e\u53bb\u751f\u4ea7\u51fa\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u4e3a\u4e4b\u8fa9\u62a4\u6210\u72ec\u4e00\u771f\u7406(unitary truth)\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5176\u91cd\u70b9\u662f\u53bb\u7406\u89e3\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u88ab\u6784\u7b51\u7684\uff0c\u53bb\u5229\u7528\u5176\u7f3a\u9677:\u5176\u4e00\uff0c\u7f3a\u9677\u672c\u8eab\u4fbf\u5bf9\u6a21\u578b\u53ca\u5176\u7f3a\u9677\u5177\u6709\u542f\u53d1\u610f\u4e49;\u5176\u4e8c\uff0c\u8ba9\u7f3a\u9677\u6210\u4e3a\u4e0d\u65ad\u5faa\u73af\u5f80\u590d\u5730\u4fee\u6b63\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u51fa\u53d1\u70b9\u3002\u6587\u672c\u7ec6\u8bfb\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u5176\u5185\u5728\u5047\u8bbe\u4e3a:\u300a\u725b\u6d25\u300b\u901a\u8fc7\u5b83\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47\u8868\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u9762\u8c8c\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u7136\u662f\u5c40\u9650\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fa8\u522b\u51fa\u4ee5\u5974\u96b6\u5236\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8bae\u9898\u7684\u60f3\u8c61\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u7531\u9ed1\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u4e66\u5199\u7684\u3001\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4f20\u7edf\u6240\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fae\u4e0d\u8db3\u9053\u7684\u7455\u75b5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_8-1024x592.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6028\" width=\"660\" height=\"382\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_8-1024x592.png 1024w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_8-300x173.png 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_8-768x444.png 768w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_8-1536x887.png 1536w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_8.png 1800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 660px) 100vw, 660px\" \/><figcaption>\u56fe7 \u6839\u636e\u4f5c\u8005\u6027\u522b\u4e0e\u79cd\u65cf\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u2014\u2014\u8c03\u6574\u540e<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><span style=\"color:#b7b7b7\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u6ce8:\u6a2a\u8f74\u4e3a\u51fa\u7248\u65e5\u671f\uff0c\u7eb5\u8f74\u4e3a\u5e73\u5747\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u5de6\u5e45\u4e3a\u9ed1\u4eba\u4f5c\u5bb6\uff0c\u53f3\u5e45\u4e3a\u767d\u4eba\u4f5c\u5bb6\u3002\u5b9e\u7ebf\u3001\u5706\u70b9\u4e3a\u5973\u6027\u4f5c\u5bb6\uff0c\u865a\u7ebf\u3001\u4e09\u89d2\u4e3a\u7537\u6027\u4f5c\u5bb6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u5c31\u662f\u91cd\u6784\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u80fd\u591f\u89e3\u91ca\u4ece\u5e95\u5c42\u7684\u89c6\u91ce(a subaltern perspective)\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8bae\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u8868\u8ff0\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\u52a0\u5165\u4e00\u672c\u975e\u88d4\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u65e5\u5e38\u53e3\u8bed\u7684\u8bcd\u5178\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u624b\u52a8\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u5f20\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u8be5\u65f6\u671f\u9ed1\u4eba\u4f5c\u5bb6\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u5e38\u5e38\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u672f\u8bed\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47\u8868\u3002<sup>[55]<\/sup>\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7528\u9ed1\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u4e66\u5199\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u300a\u725b\u6d25\u300b\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6587\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u201d\u4f1a\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u5462?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u56de\u7b54\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u628a\u201c\u5974\u96b6\u201d\u201c\u5974\u96b6\u5236\u201d\u548c\u201c\u79cd\u690d\u56ed\u201d\u52a0\u5165\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7b80\u6613\u7684\u8c03\u6574\u53ea\u662f\u89e3\u91ca\u9ed1\u4eba\u5987\u5973\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5f97\u5206\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u521d\u6b65\u5c1d\u8bd5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u4f9d\u7136\u6d4b\u91cf\u5b66\u79d1\u5f0f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4f46\u73b0\u5728\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u4e09\u4e2a\u65b0\u8bcd\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b0\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u6240\u6599\uff0c\u9ed1\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u5f97\u5206\u66f4\u9ad8\u4e86\uff0c\u8ba9\u5979\u4eec\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u5176\u4ed6\u88ab\u7edf\u8ba1\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u4f1a\u8d85\u8fc7\u4ed6\u4eec(\u89c1\u56fe7)\u3002\u6a21\u578b\u63d0\u5347\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u9ed1\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u4f5c\u5bb6\u4e66\u5199\u5974\u96b6\u5236\u7684\u8457\u540d\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u6392\u540d\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u300a\u79d1\u91cc\u57fa\u591a\u62c9\u300b(\u4ece4,405\u52303,874)\u548c\u5965\u514b\u5854\u7ef4\u5a05\u00b7\u5df4\u7279\u52d2(Octavia Butler)\u7684\u300a\u8840\u65cf\u300b(<em>Kindred<\/em>, 1979)(\u4ece2,769\u52301,497)\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u767d\u4eba\u7537\u6027\u5199\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u540d\u6b21\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u7f57\u7d20\u00b7\u73ed\u514b\u65af(Russell Banks)\u7684\u300a\u62c6\u4e91\u8005\u300b(<em>Cloudsplitter<\/em>, 1998)(\u4ece1,029\u5230292)\u548c\u6208\u5c14\u00b7\u7ef4\u8fbe\u5c14(Gore Vidal)\u7684\u300a\u6797\u80af\u300b(<em>Lincoln<\/em>, 1984)(\u4ece1,587\u52301,247);\u8fd8\u6709\u6d89\u53ca\u72b9\u592a\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u00b7\u7c73\u5947\u7eb3(James Michener)\u7684\u300a\u6e90\u300b(<em>The Source<\/em>, 1965)(\u4ece1,388\u5230995)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_9-1024x586.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6029\" width=\"708\" height=\"405\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_9-1024x586.png 1024w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_9-300x172.png 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_9-768x439.png 768w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_9-1536x879.png 1536w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_9.png 1804w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 708px) 100vw, 708px\" \/><figcaption>\u56fe8 \u4f9d\u636e\u4f5c\u8005\u6027\u522b\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u2014\u2014\u8c03\u6574\u540e<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><span style=\"color:#b7b7b7\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u6ce8:\u6a2a\u8f74\u4e3a\u51fa\u7248\u65e5\u671f\uff0c\u7eb5\u8f74\u4e3a\u5e73\u5747\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u5b9e\u7ebf\u3001\u5706\u70b9\u4e3a\u5973\u6027\u4f5c\u5bb6\uff0c\u865a\u7ebf\u3001\u4e09\u89d2\u4e3a\u7537\u6027\u4f5c\u5bb6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ece\u67d0\u65b9\u9762\u770b\uff0c\u65b0\u6a21\u578b\u8fd0\u8f6c\u7b26\u5408\u9884\u671f\uff0c\u76f8\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u9ed1\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u7684\u5f97\u5206\u6709\u6240\u63d0\u5347\u3002\u4f46\u5b83\u540c\u6837\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u8bb6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u672a\u66fe\u8003\u8651\u8fc7\u5728\u8fd9\u6bb5\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u72b9\u592a\u5386\u53f2\u6216\u8005\u7537\u6027\u4e66\u5199\u5974\u96b6\u5236\u4f1a\u6709\u591a\u9891\u7e41\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5728\u65b0\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u7ec4\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u5f97\u5206\u5728\u7edd\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u65f6\u671f\u4e0e\u7537\u6027\u7ec4\u662f\u63a5\u8fd1\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u57281990\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u7537\u6027\u5927\u5927\u62c9\u5f00\u5dee\u8ddd\uff0c\u4ece1995\u5e74\u52302000\u5e74\u5f97\u5206\u6bd4\u5973\u6027\u9ad8\u51fa\u4e8650%\u3002\u4e5f\u662f\u540c\u6837\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u6bb5\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u65e9\u524d\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u9ed1\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u8fc5\u901f\u5730\u5438\u53d6\u5b66\u79d1\u5f0f\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8bed\u8a00(\u89c1\u56fe8)\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u6bb5\u91cc\u5fc5\u7136\u6709\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e8b\u60c5\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u624d\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u6587\u5b66\u5efa\u6a21\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u2014\u2014\u5c31\u662f\u53bb\u53cd\u590d\u5206\u6790\u4e00\u4ef6\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u53bb\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\"><strong>\u516d\u3001\u8bba\u6587\u5b66\u5efa\u6a21 &nbsp; &nbsp;<\/strong><\/span>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u7ecf\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u8fd9\u95e8\u5b66\u79d1\u6240\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u57281970\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u666e\u904d\uff0c\u5176\u666e\u904d\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7ea6\u63d0\u5347\u4e8620%\u2014\u2014\u5176\u4e2d\u767d\u4eba\u7537\u6027\u5199\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5c24\u4e3a\u660e\u663e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u540c\u300a\u4e00\u4f4d\u7ec8\u8eab\u6559\u6388\u300b\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u5178\u578b\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u767d\u4eba\u7537\u6027\u4f5c\u5bb6\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8bed\u8a00\u8fd9\u4e00\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u4fbf\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u5f80\u5f80\u4f9d\u8d56\u767d\u4eba\u7537\u6027\u7684\u7279\u6743\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u5e76\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u52a0\u5f3a\u5b83\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u5b83\u5728\u6279\u5224\u5360\u636e\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4e0e\u9884\u671f\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c20\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e0b\u534a\u53f6\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u4e3b\u5bfc\u8bdd\u8bed\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u91d1\u878d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5fae\u89c2\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u4e86\u89e3\u5230\u6218\u540e\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e0e\u79cd\u65cf\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7b80\u77ed\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u300a\u79d1\u91cc\u57fa\u591a\u62c9\u300b\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u672c\u6a21\u8303\u5c0f\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u4fd7\u8bed(literary vernacular)\uff0c\u8fd8\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u5982\u4f55\u8868\u73b0\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8bae\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u672c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5f88\u6709\u542f\u53d1\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u62d2\u7edd\u4e86\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u5b66\u9662\u5f0f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u8fd8\u5f3a\u8c03\u5974\u96b6\u5236\u7684\u987d\u75fc\u662f\u5f53\u4ee3\u9ed1\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5bb6\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u601d\u60f3\u4e4b\u57fa\u77f3\u3002\u4e0e\u76f4\u89c9\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u8d8b\u52bf\u867d\u7136\u57281970\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u548c1980\u5e74\u4ee3\u5f3a\u52b2\uff0c\u4f46\u5230\u4e861990\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\u5374\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u9006\u8f6c;\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u7537\u6027\u6bd4\u5973\u6027\u6108\u52a0\u9891\u7e41\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u5e26\u6709\u5974\u96b6\u5236\u8272\u5f69\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u4e2a\u4e2d\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u9700\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u8ffd\u95ee\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u7cbe\u786e\u5730\u6355\u6349\u9ed1\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5bb6\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u60f3\u8c61\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8c03\u63a7\u4e86\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u65b0\u6a21\u578b\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u9884\u671f\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u7ed9\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u65b0\u9c9c\u4e14\u60ca\u5947\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ed3\u679c\u9700\u8981\u9610\u91ca\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u5df2\u7ecf\u8d85\u51fa\u672c\u6587\u6240\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u505a\u8fd9\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u6587\u5b66\u53f2\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e0c\u671b\u7ed9\u5176\u4ed6\u5b66\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u4e0a\u7684\u6837\u677f\u3002\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6587\u5b66\u5efa\u6a21\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u4ee5\u5b9e\u8bc1\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e4b\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u5229\u7528\u6570\u91cf\u548c\u89c4\u6a21\u4e0a\u7684\u53ef\u89c1\u6027(affordances)\u6765\u5efa\u7acb\u521d\u6b65\u7684\u8bba\u65ad\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ec6\u81f4\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u548c\u5f15\u51fa\u53ef\u4f9b\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63a2\u8ba8\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Economics, Race, and the Postwar US Novel: A Quantitative Literary History<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Daniel Sinykin, Richard Jean So, Jessica Young<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Abstract:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This essay studies how the language of economics has been adopted in American novel in between 1950 and 2000. With a focus on computational criticism, which is a branch of the more general digital humanities, and modeling as method, it constructs a corpus based on the most important terminologies and concepts in the discipline of economic disciplines from&nbsp;<em>Oxford Dictionary of Economics<\/em>, and establishes a modeling to observe the dissemination of economics as a discipline in literary writings. We show how US novelists adopted more formal economic language in the 1970s; The infiltration of the idiom of economics departments into US novels after 1973 corroborates and extends this much-contested neoliberal narrative into the field of literature. We also show how black women writers used far less of such language than other racially identified groups, exposing a gap between how they and academic economists envision economic life. Surprising facts about the novel in the mid-1990s are revealed, which are that black women change course, using economic language with greater frequency, while men far outpace women in their use of slavery-inflected economic language. This essay contends that literary modeling recognizes the limits of empiricism as a basis for studying literature, even as it leverages the affordances of quantity and scale to build provisional arguments that provide local insights and generate further questions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Keywords:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Computational Criticism; Modeling; Economics; Literature; Race; Postwar US Novel<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\">\u7f16 \u8f91&nbsp; |&nbsp;\u59dc\u6587\u6d9b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u6ce8\u91ca\uff1a<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[1]Franco Moretti,&nbsp;<em>Distant Reading<\/em>, London: Verso, 2013, p. 122.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[2]Franco Moretti, \u201cFranco Moretti: A Response,\u201d&nbsp;<em>PMLA<\/em>, vol. 132, no. 3, 2017, pp. 686-689.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[3]Cathy O&#8217;Neil,&nbsp;<em>Weapons of Math Destruction: How Big Data Increases Inequality and Threatens Democracy<\/em>, New York: Crown, 2016, p. 13.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[4]\u89c1\u7ebd\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u4e0e\u5e0c\u745f\u00b7\u53f2\u63d0\u82ac(Heather Steffen)\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u300a\u91cd\u9020\u5927\u5b66:\u9ed1\u8272\u5ea6\u91cf\u300b(\u201cRemaking the University: Metrics Noir\u201d)\uff0c\u300a\u6d1b\u6749\u77f6\u4e66\u8bc4\u300b(Los Angeles Review of Books)\uff0c2017\u5e7410\u670811\u65e5\u3002\u672c\u6587\u662f\u5bf9\u51ef\u831c\u00b7\u5965\u5c3c\u5c14(Cathy O&#8217;Neil)\u7684\u300a\u6467\u6bc1\u6570\u5b66\u7684\u6b66\u5668:\u5927\u6570\u636e\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u62c9\u5927\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u548c\u5a01\u80c1\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u300b(<em>Weapons of Math Destruction: How Big Data Increases Inequality and Threatens Democracy<\/em>)\u4e4b\u4e66\u8bc4\u3002\u2014\u2014\u8bd1\u6ce8<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[5]Johanna Drucker, \u201cWhy Distant Reading Isn&#8217;t,\u201d&nbsp;<em>PMLA<\/em>, vol. 132, no. 3, 2017, pp. 628-635.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[6]\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u91cc\u53ea\u5173\u6ce8\u6587\u5b66\u6279\u8bc4\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4e66\u7c4d\u53f2(book history)\u6216\u6587\u732e\u7248\u672c\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u5efa\u6a21\u66f4\u8be6\u5c3d\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u8bf7\u770b: Julia Flanders, Fotis Jannidis, \u201cData Modeling,\u201d in Susan Schreibman, Ray Siemens, and John Unsworth eds.,&nbsp;<em>A New Companion to Digital Humanities<\/em>, Cambridge: Blackwell, 2016, pp. 229-238\u3002\u4e3a\u6587\u5b66\u6279\u8bc4\u5efa\u6a21\u53ef\u8ffd\u6eaf\u52302004\u5e74\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u6709Willard McCarty\u201c, Modeling: A Study in Words and Meanings,\u201d<em>&nbsp;A Companion to Digital Humanities<\/em>, Cambridge: Blackwell, 2004, pp. 254-272\u3002\u51e0\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u300a\u8ba4\u8bc6&#8230;:\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u5efa\u6a21\u300b(\u201cKnowing &#8230;: Modeling in Literary Studies\u201d)\u4e2d\uff0c\u9ea6\u5361\u8482(Willard McCarty)\u4e3a\u6587\u5b66\u5efa\u6a21\u8ba2\u7acb\u4e86\u51e0\u6761\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6307\u5357:\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u201c\u4e00\u9879\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u5730\u7b80\u5316\u6587\u5b66\u9610\u91ca\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u201c\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u7684\u7701\u7565\u201d(selective omission);\u5b66\u8005\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0d\u5c06\u201c\u4eba\u9020\u7684(the artificial)\u548c\u771f\u5b9e\u7684(the real)\u6df7\u6dc6\u201d;\u540c\u65f6\u2014\u2014\u6211\u4eec\u501f\u9274\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u6d1e\u89c1\u2014\u2014\u4ed6\u6307\u660e\uff0c\u201c\u5931\u8d25\u548c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cbe\u5bc6\u6784\u9020\u51fa\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u624d\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u4f5c\u4e4b\u610f\u4e49\u6240\u5728\u201d(\u89c1394\u3001400\u9875)\u3002\u5728McCarty\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6700\u8fd1\u8fd8\u6709\u4e24\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0:Andrew Piper, \u201cThink Small: On Literary Modeling,\u201d&nbsp;<em>PMLA<\/em>, vol. 132, no. 3, 2017, pp. 651-658\u3002\u4ee5\u53ca Richard Jean So, \u201cAll Models are Wrong,\u201d&nbsp;<em>PMLA<\/em>, vol. 132, no. 3, 2017, pp. 668-673\u3002\u4e00\u7bc7\u9488\u5bf9\u83ab\u96f7\u8482\u7684\u300a\u8fdc\u8bfb\u300b(Distant Reading)\u7684\u5706\u684c\u56de\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[7]Andrew Piper, \u201cNovel Devotions: Conversional Reading, Computational Modeling, and the Modern Novel,\u201d&nbsp;<em>New Literary History<\/em>, vol. 46, no. 1, 2015, p. 67.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[8]Piper, \u201cNovel Devotions,\u201d p. 69.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[9]Piper, \u201cNovel Devotions,\u201d p. 70.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[10]Piper, \u201cNovel Devotions,\u201d p. 68.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[11]\u6211\u4eec\u52a0\u5165\u6700\u7a81\u7136\u6d8c\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u3001\u7528\u5efa\u6a21\u5728\u6587\u5b66\u53f2\u4e2d\u5bfb\u627e\u65b0\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u8005:\u5728Lauren Klein, \u201cThe Image of Absence: Archival Silence, Data Visualization, and James Hemings,\u201d&nbsp;<em>American Literature<\/em>, vol. 85, no. 4, 2013, pp. 661-688\u4e2d\uff0c\u7528\u7f51\u7edc\u7406\u8bba\u5c06\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u00b7\u6d77\u660e\u65af(James Hemings)\u2014\u2014\u9ed1\u5974\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\u603b\u7edf\u6770\u6590\u900a(Thomas Jefferson)\u7684\u4e3b\u53a8\u2014\u2014\u5728\u6863\u6848\u4e2d\u7684\u7f3a\u4f4d\u89c6\u8c61\u5316\u3002Ted Underwood, David Bamman, and Sabrina Lee, \u201cThe Transformation of Gender in English-Language Fiction,\u201d&nbsp;<em>Journal of Cultural Analytics<\/em>, February 13, 2018, web.\u6587\u4e2d\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u91cc\u6587\u5b66\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u6027\u522b\u8fa8\u8bc6\u5ea6\u6e10\u6e10\u964d\u4f4e\u3002\u5728Elizabeth F. Evans, Matthew Wilkens, \u201cNation, Ethnicity, and the Geography of British Fiction, 1880\u20131940,\u201d<em>&nbsp;Journal of Cultural Analytics<\/em>, July 13, 2018, web.\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u5b66\u5730\u7f18\u5b66\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u82f1\u56fd\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u2014\u2014\u8457\u540d\u4f5c\u5bb6\u3001\u5916\u7c4d\u4f5c\u5bb6\u3001\u4f26\u6566\u4f5c\u5bb6\u2014\u2014\u6807\u8bb0\u51fa\u5168\u7403\u7684\u3001\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f26\u6566\u5e02\u653f\u7684\u5730\u6807\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[12]\u96f7\u535a\u7279\u516c\u53f8(R. R. Bowker LLC)\uff0c\u5176\u4e1a\u52a1\u5305\u62ec\u5411\u51fa\u7248\u4e1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5df2\u51fa\u7248\u56fe\u4e66\u7684\u51fa\u7248\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u51fa\u7248\u5546\u3001\u56fe\u4e66\u9500\u552e\u5546\u3001\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u3001\u4e2a\u4eba\u7b49\u3002\u2014\u2014\u8bd1\u6ce8<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[13]\u66f4\u591a\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u89c1Matthew Wilkens, \u201cContemporary Fiction by the Numbers,\u201d&nbsp;<em>Post 45<\/em>, March 11, 2011, web\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[14]\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5f53\u4f60\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u7fa4\u7ec4(\u9ed1\u4eba\u4f5c\u5bb6)\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6210\u5458\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684(\u201c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u201d\u7684\u5206\u6570)\u3002\u8981\u89e3\u91ca\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e86\u6807\u51c6\u8bef\u5dee(standard error)\u2014\u2014\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4f5c\u8005\u4e0e\u4ed6\u6240\u5904\u7fa4\u7ec4\u5e73\u5747\u5206\u7684\u8bef\u5dee\u3002\u5728\u5927\u7fa4\u7ec4\u4e2d(\u767d\u4eba\u4f5c\u8005)\u8fd9\u4e0d\u7b97\u662f\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7fa4\u7ec4\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u4f53\u901a\u5e38\u5411\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u5747\u503c\u8d8b\u540c\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u5c0f\u7fa4\u7ec4\u91cc\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u8bef\u5dee\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c06\u4e24\u7ec4\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002\u90a3\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u4e00\u7fa4\u7ec4\uff0c\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u7fa4\u7ec4\u201d\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u540c\uff0c\u800c\u5927\u4e00\u4e9b\u7684\u7ec4\u5219\u6709\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u4f9d\u7167\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u9ed1\u4eba\u4f5c\u5bb6\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b21\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u5728\u5176\u201c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u201d\u65b9\u9762\u5f97\u5206\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u8d44\u6e90\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u8ba1\u7b9735,089\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u9ed1\u4eba\u4f5c\u8005\u6240\u5360\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b;\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u8fd95%\u7684\u9ed1\u4eba\u4f5c\u8005\u6240\u5360\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7684\u6837\u672c\uff0c\u80fd\u5426\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4e2d\u9ed1\u4eba\u4f5c\u8005\u6240\u5360\u7684\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u505a\u7684\u6700\u597d\u7684\u4f30\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[15]\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u53ea\u6709250\u672c\u9ed1\u4eba\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u80fd\u591f\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u5b57\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e3a\u6709\u5174\u8da3\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7814\u7a76\u7f8e\u56fd\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u6750\u6599\u4e0a\u7684\u504f\u5dee\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u9ed1\u4eba\u4f5c\u5bb6\u4f5c\u54c1\u53ef\u4f9b\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u8fdc\u8fdc\u5c0f\u4e8e\u767d\u4eba\u4f5c\u5bb6\u4f5c\u54c1\u53ef\u4f9b\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u3002\u8ba1\u7b97\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u9700\u8981\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u6837\u672c\uff0c\u800c\u9ed1\u4eba\u4f5c\u5bb6\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u8d2b\u4e4f\u5fc5\u7136\u4f1a\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\u9020\u6210\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\u5f97\u8be6\u7ec6\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u672c\u6587\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[16]Nigar Hashimzade et al., \u201cCan Authority be Sustained While Balancing Accessibility and Formality?,\u201d Unpublished paper, shared by authors, 2017, p. 17.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[17]John Black et al., \u201cPreface to the Third Edition,\u201d&nbsp;<em>A Dictionary of Economics<\/em>, 3rd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009, p. 1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[18]Katherine Mossman, \u201cReview,\u201d&nbsp;<em>Library Journal<\/em>, vol. 134, no. 10, 2009, pp. 123-124.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[19]\u672c\u6587\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4ee3\u7801\u548c\u6240\u5f97\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5c06\u5728\u53d1\u5e03\u65f6\u53d1\u5e03\u5230GitHub\u516c\u5171\u8d44\u6599\u5e93\u4e2d\u3002\u76f8\u5173\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8bf7\u4e0e\u4e3b\u8981\u4f5c\u8005\u8054\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[20]\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e0d\u8ba1\u7b97\u5b83\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u548c\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027;\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e3a\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u5efa\u6a21\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u9896\u7684\u7528\u5b9a\u91cf\u516c\u5f0f\u914d\u5408\u5b9a\u6027\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u201c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u201d\u5ea6\u91cf\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4e2a\u6240\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u65f6\u671f\u4e2d\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5168\u9762\u7684\u8861\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[21]\u8fd9\u6761\u7ebf\u662f\u4e00\u6761\u5e73\u6ed1\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u591a\u9879\u5f0f\u56de\u5f52\u62df\u5408\u66f2\u7ebf(LOESS)\uff0c\u5b83\u4f9d\u636e\u6570\u636e\u63cf\u7ed8\u51fa\u56fe\u5f62\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[22]\u5728\u4e0a\u4e00\u5f20\u66f2\u7ebf\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u90a3\u6761\u7ebf\u662f\u4e00\u6761\u5e73\u6ed1\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u591a\u9879\u5f0f\u56de\u5f52\u62df\u5408\u66f2\u7ebf\u3002\u2014\u2014\u539f\u6587\u5c3e\u6ce8<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[23]\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u00b7\u5361\u7ef4\u5c14\u66fe\u4efb\u514b\u6797\u987f\u7684\u603b\u7edf\u7ade\u9009\u987e\u95ee\u3002\u4ed6\u4e3a\u514b\u6797\u987f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u7ade\u9009\u53e3\u53f7:\u201c\u8fd9\u5173\u4e4e\u7ecf\u6d4e!\u7b28\u86cb!\u201d(It&#8217;s the economy! stupid!)\u57281992\u5e74\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u603b\u7edf\u5927\u9009\u4e2d\u5e7f\u4e3a\u6d41\u4f20\u3002\u2014\u2014\u8bd1\u6ce8<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[24]\u6211\u4eec\u75281970\u5e74\u52301980\u5e74\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u201c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u201d\u5206\u6570\uff0c\u68c0\u9a8c\u8fd9\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u5206\u6570\u5dee\u5f02\u662f\u5426\u5177\u6709\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4e24\u4e2a\u5e74\u4efd\u7684\u65b9\u5dee\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u97e6\u5c14\u5947(Welch)\u53cc\u6837\u672ct\u68c0\u9a8c\uff0c\u4ee5\u53cadf\u2248140\u65b9\u7a0b\u3002\u53c8\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u75281980\u5e74\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u503c\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f831970\u5e74\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u5e73\u5747\u503c\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7ed3\u679c\uff0ct\u503c\u4e3a\u8d1f\u6570\uff0c\u7b49\u4e8e-2.35\u3002p\u503c\u4e3a0.02\u3002\u2014\u2014\u539f\u6587\u5c3e\u6ce8<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[25]David Harvey,&nbsp;<em>The Condition of Postmodernity: An Enquiry into the Origins of Cultural Change<\/em>, Oxford: Basil Blackwell Ltd, 1989, p. vii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[26]Wendy Brown,&nbsp;<em>Undoing the Demos: Neoliberalism&#8217;s Stealth Revolution<\/em>, New York: Zone Books, 2015, p. 31.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[27]Brown, Undoing the Demos, p. 35.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[28]Michel Callon, \u201cIntroduction: The Embeddedness of Economic Markets in Economics,\u201d&nbsp;<em>The Sociological Review<\/em>, vol. 46, no. 1, 1998, pp. 1-57.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[29]Callon, \u201cIntroduction: The Embeddedness of Economic Markets in Economics,\u201d p. 2.\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u5e76\u975e\u5355\u5411\u5730\u4ece\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5230\u6587\u5316\u548c\u6587\u5b66\u3002\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u540c\u6837\u6b66\u88c5\u4e86\u6587\u5b66\u548c\u4fee\u8f9e\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u6587\u5b66\u5f62\u8c61\u3002\u8fea\u5c14\u5fb7\u4e3d\u00b7\u9ea6\u514b\u6d1b\u65af\u57fa(Deirdre N. McCloskey)\u2014\u2014\u57281968\u5e74\u52301980\u5e74\u7684\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5927\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u5979\u4e0e\u52a0\u91cc\u00b7\u8d1d\u514b(Gary Becker)\u3001\u7c73\u5c14\u987f\u00b7\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u66fc(Milton Friedman)\u3001\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7\u65af\u8482\u683c\u52d2(George Stigler)\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5de8\u4eba\u2014\u2014\u57281980\u5e74\u4ee3\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u4fee\u8f9e\u7406\u8bba(Rhetorical Theory)\uff0c\u5230\u5904\u5199\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u201c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u662f\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u201d(\u89c1\u9875102)\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5219\u662f\u5c06\u4e4b\u98a0\u5012\u8fc7\u6765\uff0c\u8ffd\u95ee:\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6587\u5b66\u662f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684?Deirdre N. McCloskey, \u201cThe Literary Character of Economics,\u201d&nbsp;<em>Daedalus<\/em>, vol. 113, no. 3, 1984, pp. 97-119.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[30]\u5f88\u5c11\u6709\u4f5c\u54c1\u5728\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u79cd\u8c03\u548c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u548c\u798f\u67ef\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5728\u6218\u540e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u6587\u5316\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u7684\u5206\u6b67\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u800c\u5bf9\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e4b\u5c40\u9650\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u8003:Sarah Brouillette, \u201cNeoliberalism and the Demise of the Literary,\u201d in Mitchum Huehls and Rachel Greenwald Smith eds.,&nbsp;<em>Neoliberalism and Contemporary Literary Culture<\/em>, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press,2017, pp.277-290\u3002\u4ee5\u53caLeigh Claire La Berge, Quinn Slobodian, \u201cReading for Neoliberalism, Reading Like Neoliberals,\u201d&nbsp;<em>American Literary History<\/em>, vol. 29, no. 3, 2017, pp. 602-614\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[31]\u6211\u4eec\u6807\u8bc6\u7684\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e3b\u6d41\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u5956\u201d\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u5982\u4e0b:\u6d77\u8328\u56e0\u6587\u5b66\u5956(The Drue Heinz)\u3001\u6d77\u660e\u5a01\u7b14\u5956(The PEN\/Hemingway)\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u56fe\u4e66\u5956\u3001\u798f\u514b\u7eb3\u7b14\u5956(The PEN\/Faulkner)\u3001\u666e\u5229\u7b56\u5956\u548c\u6000\u5ef7\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u5956(The Whiting)\u3002\u51e0\u53e5\u95f2\u8bdd:\u8bbe\u7acb\u8fd9\u4e00\u79cd\u7c7b\u5e76\u4e3a\u5176\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u53bb\u8868\u73b0\u5b83\uff0c\u5176\u6311\u6218\u4fbf\u662f\u8981\u53bb\u627e\u5230\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u7248\u4ee5\u4f9b\u8ba1\u7b97\u5206\u6790\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u51ef\u745f\u7433\u00b7\u6ce2\u7279(Katherine Porter)\u7684\u300a\u51ef\u745f\u7433\u00b7\u6ce2\u7279\u6545\u4e8b\u96c6\u300b(<em>The Collected Stories of Katherine Anne Porter<\/em>, 1965)\u57281966\u5e74\u8d62\u5f97\u4e86\u666e\u5229\u7b56\u865a\u6784\u6587\u5b66\u5956\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\u4e5f\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4e2d\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0a\u8ff0\u540d\u5355\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u5956\u2014\u2014\u666e\u5229\u7b56\u5956\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u56fe\u4e66\u5956\u2014\u2014\u6db5\u76d6\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u8303\u56f4\u91cc(\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6000\u5ef7\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u5956\uff0c\u8981\u52301985\u5e74\u540e\u624d\u6709)\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u589e\u52a0\u201c\u83b7\u5956\u4f5c\u54c1\u201d\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u589e\u52a0\u4e8676\u4e2a\u865a\u6784\u4f5c\u54c1\u6837\u672c\u2014\u2014\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u90a3\u4e9b\u6709\u7535\u5b50\u5b58\u6863\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u662f1950\u5e74\u52302000\u5e74\u95f4\u56fd\u5bb6\u56fe\u4e66\u5956\u7684\u63d0\u540d\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6743\u8861\u624b\u6bb5\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\uff0c\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5373\u5982\u4f55\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u8db3\u591f\u5e9e\u5927\u800c\u5145\u5b9e\u7684\u201c1950\u5e74\u81f32000\u5e74\u7f8e\u56fd\u5c0f\u8bf4\u83b7\u5956\u4f5c\u54c1\u201d\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\uff0c\u4ee5\u68c0\u9a8c\u201c\u83b7\u5956\u4f5c\u54c1\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u53c2\u6570\u5bf9\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8bed\u8a00\u4e4b\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5176\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4e0d\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u3002\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u5c06\u6982\u5ff5\u201c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5c0f\u8bf4\u201d\u62d3\u5c55\u53ca\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u865a\u6784\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u77ed\u7bc7\u5c0f\u8bf4\u2014\u2014\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5728\u68c0\u67e5\u6218\u540e\u7f8e\u56fd\u865a\u6784\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9274\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u77ed\u7bc7\u5c0f\u8bf4\u548c\u957f\u7bc7\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e4b\u95f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u521b\u4f5c\u6d41\u91cf\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u89c9\u5f97\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u7591\u7684\u6574\u5408\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u628a\u56fd\u5bb6\u56fe\u4e66\u5956\u7684\u63d0\u540d\u4f5c\u54c1\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6837\u672c\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u4e2a\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u59a5\u534f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u88ab\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5927\u578b\u4e3b\u6d41\u6587\u5b66\u5956\u63d0\u540d\uff0c\u8db3\u4ee5\u89c1\u5f97\u5b83\u662f\u7b26\u5408\u5212\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u201c\u83b7\u5956\u4f5c\u54c1\u201d\u7684\u3002\u518d\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6743\u8861\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u53bb\u521b\u9020\u4e00\u4e2a\u8db3\u591f\u5927\u7684\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u2014\u2014\u81f3\u5c11200\u672c\u5c0f\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f7f\u8fd9\u4e00\u7c7b\u522b\u80fd\u5728\u8ba1\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u88ab\u80fd\u8bc6\u522b\u5230\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u201c\u83b7\u5956\u4f5c\u54c1\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86231\u672c\u865a\u6784\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[32]\u8bf7\u53c2\u8003\u6700\u8fd1\u5176\u4ed6\u4e24\u4e2a\u5229\u7528\u8ba1\u91cf\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u8ffd\u8e2a\u6587\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u7814\u7a76:Hoyt Long, Richard Jean So, \u201cLiterary Pattern Recognition: Modernism between Close Reading and Machine Learning,\u201d&nbsp;<em>Critical Inquiry<\/em>, vol. 42, no. 2, 2016, pp. 235-267. Hoyt Long, Richard Jean So, \u201cTurbulent Flow: A Computational Model of World Literature,\u201d&nbsp;<em>Modern Language Quarterly<\/em>, vol. 77, no. 3, 2016, pp. 345-367.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[33]John Kenneth Galbraith,&nbsp;<em>A Tenured Professor<\/em>, London: Mariner Books, 1990, p. 83.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[34]Galbraith,&nbsp;<em>A Tenured Professor<\/em>, p. 66.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[35]\u52a0\u5c14\u5e03\u96f7\u65af\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u662f\u5fae\u89c2\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u6700\u8be6\u5c3d\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f:\u5b83\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u5fae\u89c2\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u7b80\u00b7\u57c3\u5229\u5965\u7279(Jane Elliott)\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u57281990\u5e74\u4ee3\u665a\u671f\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5fae\u89c2\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u6240\u6563\u64ad\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u6a21\u578b\u201c\u4ece\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u95e8\u4ee5\u5e02\u573a\u4e3a\u7126\u70b9\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u4e2d\u8131\u9896\u800c\u51fa\u201d\uff0c\u91ca\u653e\u51fa\u5979\u6240\u79f0\u7684\u201c\u5fae\u89c2\u7ecf\u6d4e\u60f3\u8c61\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60f3\u8c61\u4ee5\u6587\u5b66\u5f62\u5f0f\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u5979\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u5fae\u89c2\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6a21\u5f0f\u201d\u3002\u5b89\u59ae\u00b7\u9ea6\u514b\u62c9\u5357(Annie McClanahan)\u901a\u8fc7\u4f8b\u8bc1\uff0c\u7ed9\u51fa\u5bf9\u201c\u5fae\u89c2\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5c0f\u8bf4\u201d\u66f4\u4e3a\u5bbd\u6cdb\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u5979\u5c06\u4e4b\u6eaf\u6e90\u81f31870\u5e74\u4ee3\u8fb9\u9645\u9769\u547d\u4e2d\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u3002\u5979\u8fa9\u79f0\uff0c\u201c\u5fae\u89c2\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4e0e\u73b0\u4ee3\u5c0f\u8bf4\u540c\u65f6\u5730\u4e14\u4e92\u4e0d\u5e72\u6270\u5730\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5c06\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u91cd\u65b0\u7406\u8bba\u5316\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u201d\u3002\u5728\u5979\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u5c0f\u8bf4\u60f3\u8981\u6062\u590d\u90a3\u88ab\u5fae\u89c2\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5f03\u4e4b\u4e00\u8fb9\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5e7f\u5ea6\u3002Annie McClanahan, \u201cMethodological Individualism and the Novel in the Age of Microeconomics, 1871 to the Present,\u201d in Cody Marrs and Christopher Hager eds.,&nbsp;<em>Timelines of American Literature<\/em>, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2019, pp. 264-282.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[36]\u52a0\u5c14\u5e03\u96f7\u65af\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u7531\u6765\u5df2\u4e45\u3002\u4ed6\u5199\u8fc7\u4e00\u7bc7\u9898\u4e3a\u300a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u300b(\u201cThe Language of Economics\u201d)\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u53d1\u8868\u57281962\u5e7412\u6708\u7684\u300a\u8d22\u5bcc\u300b(Fortune)\u6742\u5fd7\u4e0a\u7b2c128\u9875\u5230171\u9875\u3002\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5bf9\u5f53\u65f6\u6574\u4e2a\u5b66\u79d1\u63d0\u51fa\u6279\u8bc4:\u8fd9\u91cc\u9762\u592a\u8fc7\u6666\u6da9\uff0c\u592a\u591a\u884c\u8bdd\u672f\u8bed\u2014\u201420\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u6279\u8bc4\u666e\u904d\u88ab\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9488\u5bf9\u6587\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u3002\u4ed6\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u4ece\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u6666\u6da9\u548c\u672f\u8bed\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u628a\u63a7\u4f4f\u8fdb\u5165\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u95e8\u69db\uff0c\u6536\u83b7\u793e\u4f1a\u58f0\u671b;\u4f46\u4ed6\u4e5f\u6279\u8bc4\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u672f\u8bed\u5f55\u77eb\u63c9\u9020\u4f5c\uff0c\u6bd4\u8d77\u5176\u4ed6\u9886\u57df\u6709\u8fc7\u4e4b\u65e0\u4e0d\u53ca\uff0c\u50cf\u201c\u6280\u672f\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u5bb6\u79bd\u517b\u6b96\u4e1a\u201d\u3002\u4ed6\u8fa9\u89e3\u9053\uff0c\u201c\u6709\u4e00\u73b0\u8c61\u201d\u8868\u660e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8bed\u8a00\u4e0d\u5e94\u662f\u77eb\u63c9\u9020\u4f5c\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4fbf\u201c\u662f\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u6709\u4e86\u5b83\uff0c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47\u548c\u60f3\u6cd5&#8230;&#8230;\u90fd\u8fdb\u5165\u5230\u666e\u901a\u8bed\u7528\u4e2d\u201d\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53bb\u5ba1\u89c6\u8fd9\u4e00\u7b3c\u7edf\u8bba\u65ad\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4fbf\u662f\u666e\u901a\u8bed\u7528\u4e2d\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u91cd\u8981\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8bed\u6c47\u771f\u7684\u57281962\u5e74\u8fc5\u901f\u5730\u8fdb\u5165\u666e\u901a\u8bed\u7528\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u6700\u540e\u7684\u56db\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u4e16\u7eaa\u91cc\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u9891\u7387\u4f1a\u9ad8\u5f88\u591a\u3002John Kenneth Galbraith, \u201cThe Language of Economics,\u201d&nbsp;<em>Fortune<\/em>, December 1962, pp.128-171.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[37]Galbraith,&nbsp;<em>A Tenured Professor<\/em>, pp.159-160.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[38]\u50cf\u5148\u524d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fe\u4e2d\u7684\u7ebf\u4f9d\u7136\u662f\u5e73\u6ed1\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u591a\u9879\u5f0f\u56de\u5f52\u62df\u5408\u66f2\u7ebf(LOESS)\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u66f2\u7ebf\u5bf9\u79bb\u7fa4\u503c(outliers)\u5f88\u654f\u611f\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u5230\u79bb\u7fa4\u503c\u6765\u81ea1955\u5e74\u7684\u9ed1\u4eba\u4f5c\u5bb6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4fbf\u5938\u5927\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u767d\u4eba\u548c\u9ed1\u4eba\u4f5c\u5bb6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4eb2\u7f18\u6027\u3002\u800c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u767d\u4eba\u4f5c\u5bb6\u548c\u9ed1\u4eba\u4f5c\u5bb6\u7684\u8d8b\u540c\u662f\u51c6\u786e\u4e14\u5f15\u4eba\u8054\u60f3\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5\u9ed1\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u4f5c\u5bb6\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u4f1a\u5728\u6587\u7ae0\u7ed3\u675f\u90e8\u5206\u8003\u8651\u8fd9\u4e00\u8d8b\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[39]Galbraith,&nbsp;<em>A Tenured Professor<\/em>, p. 38.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[40]Galbraith,&nbsp;<em>A Tenured Professor<\/em>, p. 44.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[41]Galbraith,&nbsp;<em>A Tenured Professor<\/em>, p. 59.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[42]Galbraith,<em>&nbsp;A Tenured Professor<\/em>, p. 44.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[43]Galbraith,&nbsp;<em>A Tenured Professor<\/em>, p. 91.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[44]Galbraith,<em>&nbsp;A Tenured Professor<\/em>, p. 124.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[45]Galbraith,&nbsp;<em>A Tenured Professor<\/em>, p. 140.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[46]Galbraith,&nbsp;<em>A Tenured Professor<\/em>, p. 74.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[47]Madhu Dubey,&nbsp;<em>Black Women Novelists and the Nationalist Aesthetic<\/em>, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1994, p. 1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[48]Mae G. Henderson, \u201cSpeaking in Tongues: Dialogics, Dialectics, and the Black Women Writer&#8217;s Literary Tradition,\u201d in Cheryl Wall ed.,&nbsp;<em>Changing Our Own Words: Essays on Criticism, Theory, and Writing by Black Women<\/em>, New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1989, pp. 16-37.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[49]Susan Wills,&nbsp;<em>Specifying: Black Women Writing the American Experience<\/em>, London: University of Wisconsin Press, 1989, pp. 11-12.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[50]Toni Morrison, \u201cToni Morrison on a Book She Loves: Garl Jones&#8217;s Corregidora,\u201d&nbsp;<em>Mademoiselle<\/em>, 1975, p.14.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[51]Gayl Jones,&nbsp;<em>Corregidora<\/em>, Boston: Beacon Press, 1986. p. 5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[52]Jones,&nbsp;<em>Corregidora<\/em>, p. 124.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[53]Jones,&nbsp;<em>Corregidora<\/em>, p. 124-125.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[54]Jones,&nbsp;<em>Corregidora<\/em>, p. 126.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[55]\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u8c03\u6574\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u540c\u6837\u662f\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u5df2\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u8c03\u6574\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u62ec\u6dfb\u52a0\u9488\u5bf9\u4e3a\u79fb\u6c11\u5de5\u4eba\u3001\u96be\u6c11\u3001\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7b49\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u3001\u6ca1\u6709\u56ca\u62ec\u5728\u300a\u725b\u6d25\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u8bcd\u6c47\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u539f\u520a\u300a\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u300b2020\u5e74\u7b2c4\u671f\u3002<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u805a\u7126\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5206\u652f\u8ba1\u7b97\u6279\u8bc4(computational criticism)\uff0c\u4ee5\u5efa\u6a21\u4e3a\u65b9\u6cd5\u2026\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":6028,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[455],"tags":[1634,1713,40,347,1715,1714,1716,1541],"class_list":["post-6017","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-455","tag-1634","tag-1713","tag-40","tag-347","tag-1715","tag-1714","tag-1716","tag-1541"],"blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":6}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6017","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6017"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6017\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6034,"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6017\/revisions\/6034"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6028"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6017"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6017"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6017"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}