{"id":6065,"date":"2021-05-08T10:43:49","date_gmt":"2021-05-08T02:43:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/?p=6065"},"modified":"2024-04-04T01:33:23","modified_gmt":"2024-04-03T17:33:23","slug":"%e4%b8%ba%e5%ad%a6%e4%bd%9c%e8%ae%b0-%e4%bb%8e%e7%bd%91%e7%bb%9c%e5%88%86%e6%9e%90%e5%92%8c%e6%96%87%e6%9c%ac%e5%88%86%e6%9e%90%e8%a7%86%e8%a7%92%e7%9c%8b%e5%ae%8b%e4%bb%a3%e5%9c%b0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/site\/works\/dhjournal\/202004\/6065.html","title":{"rendered":"\u4e3a\u5b66\u4f5c\u8bb0\u2014\u2014\u4ece\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u548c\u6587\u672c\u5206\u6790\u89c6\u89d2\u770b\u5b8b\u4ee3\u5730\u65b9\u5b98\u5b66\u7891\u8bb0\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u4e0e\u4e3b\u9898"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u9648\u677e<strong>&nbsp;<\/strong>\uff1b \u8f6c\u81ea\uff1a\u516c\u4f17\u53f7 DH\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong><span style=\"color:#60569a\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Infrastructure<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Wei_Xin_Tu_Pian_20210327135625-1024x436.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6013\" width=\"619\" height=\"264\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Wei_Xin_Tu_Pian_20210327135625-1024x436.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Wei_Xin_Tu_Pian_20210327135625-300x128.jpg 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Wei_Xin_Tu_Pian_20210327135625-768x327.jpg 768w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Wei_Xin_Tu_Pian_20210327135625-1536x654.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Wei_Xin_Tu_Pian_20210327135625.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 619px) 100vw, 619px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" 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class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u4e00\u3001\u201c\u8bb0\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u7891\u201d<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b8b\u4eba\u901a\u5e38\u628a\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e3a\u5730\u65b9\u5b98\u5b66\u64b0\u5199\u7684\u7891\u6587\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u8bb0\u201d\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u201c\u8bb0\u201d\u5728\u5510\u4ee3\u4e2d\u53f6\u4ee5\u540e\u624d\u53d1\u5c55\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5e7f\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u7684\u5199\u4f5c\u6837\u5f0f\u3002\u5510\u4ee3\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u5f88\u5c11\u6709\u4f5c\u8005\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u8bb0\u201d\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4ee5\u201c\u8bb0\u201d\u4e3a\u9898\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u90fd\u4e0e\u4f5b\u6559\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u662f\u5bf9\u4f5b\u7ecf\u53ca\u5176\u8bd1\u672c\u7684\u7b80\u77ed\u4ecb\u7ecd(\u5373\u89e3\u7ecf\u8bb0\u3001\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8bb0)\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u5219\u4e3a\u954c\u523b\u5728\u4f5b\u6559\u96d5\u50cf\u4e0a\u7684\u9898\u8bb0(\u5373\u9020\u50cf\u8bb0)\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u9009\u96c6\u548c\u6587\u5b66\u6279\u8bc4\u8457\u4f5c\u5e76\u672a\u5c06\u201c\u8bb0\u201d\u89c6\u4f5c\u4e00\u79cd\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u4f53\u88c1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u5728\u5510\u4ee3\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u5728\u5510\u4ee3\uff0c\u201c\u8bb0\u201d\u9010\u6e10\u53d1\u5c55\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u5e38\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u6587\u4f53\u3002\u5b58\u4e16\u7684\u5510\u4ee3\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\u8fd11,700\u7bc7\u4ee5\u201c\u8bb0\u201d\u4e3a\u9898\uff0c\u4e14\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7684\u201c\u8bb0\u201d\u5728\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0a\u4e0e\u4f5b\u6559\u65e0\u6d89<sup>[8]<\/sup>\u3002\u5b8b\u521d\u7f16\u7e82\u7684\u5510\u4ee3\u8bd7\u6587\u603b\u96c6(\u5982\u674e\u6609\u7684\u300a\u6587\u82d1\u82f1\u534e\u300b\u548c\u59da\u94c9\u7684\u300a\u5510\u6587\u7cb9\u300b)\u660e\u786e\u5730\u5c06\u201c\u8bb0\u201d\u5217\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u6587\u4f53\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5176\u4e0b\u7ec6\u5206\u51fa20\u591a\u4e2a\u5b50\u7c7b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b50\u7c7b\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u5510\u4ee3\u8bb0\u4f53\u6587\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u591a\u79cd\u591a\u6837\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b50\u7c7b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6709\u5bab\u6bbf\u516c\u7f72\u4e4b\u8bb0\u3001\u9986\u820d\u9a7f\u7ad9\u4e4b\u8bb0\u3001\u57ce\u5899\u57ce\u95e8\u4e4b\u8bb0\u3001\u6865\u6881\u6597\u95e8\u4e4b\u8bb0\u3001\u5bfa\u89c2\u7960\u5e99\u4e4b\u8bb0\u3001\u697c\u9601\u4ead\u53f0\u4e4b\u8bb0\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5173\u4e8e\u5bb4\u98e8\u4eba\u4e8b\u3001\u56fe\u753b\u5668\u7269\u3001\u5c71\u6c34\u540d\u80dc\u3001\u707e\u6cb4\u5f81\u7965\u7b49\u5404\u79cd\u8bb0\u6587<sup>[9]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e32\u957f\u957f\u7684\u6e05\u5355\u8868\u660e\u4e86\u8bb0\u4f53\u6587\u4e3b\u9898\u6781\u4e3a\u9a73\u6742\uff0c\u5219\u5176\u5199\u4f5c\u98ce\u683c\u4ea6\u52bf\u5fc5\u591a\u6837\u3002\u6e05\u672b\u6c11\u521d\u7684\u6797\u7ebe(1852\u20141924)\u4e1a\u5df2\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u6797\u6c0f\u8ffd\u6b65\u90dd\u7ecf(1223\u20141275)\u3001\u59da\u9f10(1732\u20141815)\u7b49\u4eba\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u67d0\u4e9b\u8bb0\u4f53\u6587\u4e0e\u7891\u6587\u9887\u6709\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u5219\u8fe5\u7136\u6709\u522b<sup>[10]<\/sup>\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4:\u201c\u6240\u8c13\u5168\u7528\u7891\u6587\u4f53\u8005\uff0c\u5219\u7960\u5e99\u5385\u58c1\u4ead\u53f0\u4e4b\u7c7b;\u8bb0\u4e8b\u800c\u4e0d\u523b\u77f3\uff0c\u5219\u5c71\u6c34\u6e38\u8bb0\u4e4b\u7c7b\u3002\u201d<sup>[11]<\/sup>\u636e\u6b64\uff0c\u6797\u6c0f\u5c06\u8bb0\u4f53\u6587\u5206\u4e3a\u82e5\u5e72\u7c7b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u52d8\u707e\u3001\u6d5a\u6e20\u3001\u7b51\u5858\u3001\u4fee\u7960\u5b87\u3001\u7eaa\u4ead\u53f0\u8005\u4e3a\u4e00\u7c7b\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e66\u753b\u4e0e\u53e4\u5668\u7269\u8005\u4e3a\u4e00\u7c7b\uff0c\u8bb0\u5c71\u6c34\u8005\u4e3a\u4e00\u7c7b\uff0c\u8bb0\u7410\u7ec6\u5947\u9a87\u4e4b\u4e8b\u8005\u4e3a\u4e00\u7c7b\uff0c\u5b66\u8bb0\u4e3a\u4e00\u7c7b\uff0c\u800c\u8bb0\u6e38\u5bb4\u89de\u548f\u4e4b\u4e8b\u8005\u53c8\u522b\u4e3a\u4e00\u7c7b\u3002\u5728\u6797\u7ebe\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u5b57\u867d\u7136\u201c\u7efc\u540d\u4e3a\u8bb0\uff0c\u800c\u4f53\u4f8b\u5b9e\u975e\u4e00\u201d\u3002<sup>[12]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6797\u7ebe\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b66\u8bb0\u662f\u201c\u8bf4\u7406\u4e4b\u6587\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u5c06\u5176\u4e0e\u6865\u6881\u8bb0\u3001\u4ead\u53f0\u8bb0\u3001\u516c\u7f72\u8bb0\u7b49\u8bb0\u4f53\u6587\u522b\u4e3a\u4e24\u7c7b\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u7c7b\u8bb0\u4f53\u6587\u5b9e\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u4e14\u4e0e\u7891\u6587\u4f53\u76f8\u53bb\u65e0\u51e0\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u5efa\u7b51\u7269\u6216\u76f8\u5173\u8425\u9020\u5de5\u7a0b\u7684(\u5982\u5b66\u6821\u3001\u6865\u6881\u6216\u516c\u5ee8\u7684\u5174\u5efa\u548c\u4fee\u7f2e)\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5e38\u5e38\u4f1a\u88ab\u523b\u4e8e\u77f3\u7891\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u7c7b\u8bb0\u4f53\u6587\u6216\u53ef\u7edf\u79f0\u201c\u8425\u9020\u8bb0\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e86\u89e3\u8bb0\u4f53\u6587\u8fd9\u4e00\u6587\u5b66\u5199\u4f5c\u6837\u5f0f\u7684\u6765\u9f99\u53bb\u8109\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5408\u7406\u5730\u754c\u5b9a\u672c\u6587\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8303\u56f4\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u8bb0\u4f53\u6587\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5386\u53f2\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u65f6\u5019\u5b66\u8bb0\u548c\u7891\u6587\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u522b\u5fae\u4e4e\u5176\u5fae\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u5bf9\u5730\u65b9\u5b98\u5b66\u5b66\u8bb0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u628a\u8ddf\u5730\u65b9\u5b98\u5b66\u6709\u5173\u7684\u7891\u6587\u540c\u65f6\u7eb3\u5165\u7814\u7a76\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u201c\u8bb0\u201d\u548c\u201c\u7891\u201d\u5728\u540d\u79f0\u4e0a\u4f3c\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u8d28\u5219\u76f8\u53bb\u4e0d\u8fdc\u3002\u7b14\u8005\u4ee5\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u9898\u4e3a\u201c\u7891\u201d\u8fd8\u662f\u201c\u8bb0\u201d\uff0c\u6050\u6015\u4ec5\u4ec5\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u5510\u5b8b\u6587\u4eba\u7528\u8bcd\u4e60\u60ef\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5728\u5510\u4e0e\u4e94\u4ee3\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u4e3a\u5b54\u5e99\u548c\u5730\u65b9\u5b98\u5b66\u64b0\u5199\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u4e2d\u5171\u67099\u7bc7\u9898\u4e3a\u201c\u8bb0\u201d\uff0c15\u7bc7\u9898\u4e3a\u201c\u7891\u201d\u3002<sup>[13]<\/sup>\u800c\u5728\u5b8b\u4ee3\uff0c\u60c5\u51b5\u5219\u6070\u597d\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4ee5\u201c\u7891\u201d\u4e3a\u9898\u8005\u4ec514\u7bc7\uff0c\u800c\u4ee5\u201c\u8bb0\u201d\u4e3a\u9898\u8005\u591a\u8fbe569\u7bc7\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u201c\u7891\u201d\u548c\u201c\u8bb0\u201d\u4e0d\u4e88\u533a\u5206\uff0c\u800c\u5c06\u5176\u6089\u6570\u7eb3\u5165\u7814\u7a76\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u4e3a\u8868\u8ff0\u65b9\u4fbf\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e24\u7c7b\u6587\u5b57\u7edf\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u7891\u8bb0\u201d\u3002<sup>[14]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u4e8c\u3001\u5730\u65b9\u5b98\u5b66<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u5730\u65b9\u5b98\u5b66\u201d\u662f\u6307\u5b8b\u4ee3\u5b98\u65b9\u5728\u5dde\u3001\u53bf\u4e24\u7ea7\u6cbb\u6240\u8bbe\u7acb\u7684\u5b66\u6821\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b8b\u4ee3\u7684\u5dde\u7ea7\u884c\u653f\u533a\u5212\u5305\u542b\u5e9c\u3001\u5dde\u3001\u519b\u3001\u76d1\u56db\u7c7b\uff0c\u5176\u5b98\u5b66\u5728\u540d\u79f0\u4e0a\u4e5f\u76f8\u5e94\u5730\u6709\u5e9c\u5b66\u3001\u5dde\u5b66\u3001\u519b\u5b66\u3001\u76d1\u5b66\u4e4b\u522b\u3002\u4e3a\u884c\u6587\u7b80\u6d01\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u5728\u5dde\u7ea7\u6cbb\u6240\u8bbe\u7acb\u7684\u5b98\u5b66\u7edf\u79f0\u5dde\u5b66\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5730\u65b9\u5b98\u5b66\u672c\u8eab\u5e76\u975e\u4e00\u6210\u4e0d\u53d8\uff0c\u5510\u5b8b\u4e24\u671d\u6b63\u662f\u5730\u65b9\u5b98\u5b66\u5728\u5efa\u7b51\u5f62\u5236\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u529f\u80fd\u4e0a\u5c61\u7ecf\u53d8\u9769\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u65f6\u671f\u3002\u7b80\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5b98\u5b66\u4e0e\u5b54\u5e99\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u754c\u9650\u5411\u6765\u6a21\u7cca\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u5730\u65b9\u5b98\u5b66\u6700\u521d\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u5317\u5b8b\u524d\u671f\u4ee5\u5b54\u5e99\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u53d1\u5c55\u8d77\u6765\u7684;\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b98\u5b66\u5efa\u7acb\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u5176\u529f\u80fd\u7ee7\u7eed\u968f\u7740\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u601d\u60f3\u5f62\u52bf\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u800c\u4e0d\u65ad\u6269\u5145\uff0c\u5176\u5efa\u7b51\u5f62\u5236\u4e5f\u76f8\u5e94\u5730\u65e5\u8d8b\u590d\u6742\u3002\u8fc4\u4e8e\u5b8b\u672b\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5730\u65b9\u5b98\u5b66\u4fe8\u7136\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u591a\u6837\u3001\u5f62\u5236\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\u7fa4\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u8bb2\u5802\u3001\u56fe\u4e66\u9986(\u7ecf\u53f2\u9601)\u3001\u6559\u5b98\u7684\u529e\u516c\u573a\u6240(\u6559\u6388\u5385)\u3001\u5b66\u751f\u98df\u5bbf\u8bbe\u65bd(\u658b\u820d)\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u62e5\u6709\u5b66\u7530\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f9b\u5949\u5b54\u5b50\u3001\u540d\u5ba6\u3001\u4e61\u8d24\u548c\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u7b49\u5404\u7c7b\u4eba\u7269\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u5d07\u7940\u8bbe\u65bd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u603b\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5728\u5510\u5b8b\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u5b98\u5b66\u4ece\u6765\u5c31\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u800c\u53f2\u6599\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u5b54\u5e99\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5b9c\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u796d\u7940\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u81f3\u5c11\u4ece6\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u5b98\u5b66\u548c\u5b54\u5e99\u5c31\u7d27\u5bc6\u5730\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u4e86\u3002\u5728\u4e2d\u592e\u5b98\u5b66\u884c\u91ca\u5960\u793c\u3001\u796d\u7940\u5b54\u5b50\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u81f3\u5c11\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6eaf\u5230\u66f9\u9b4f\u6b63\u59cb\u4e8c\u5e74(241)\uff0c\u800c\u76ee\u524d\u6240\u77e5\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u5ea7\u5b98\u4fee\u5b54\u5e99\u5219\u662f\u4e1c\u664b\u5b5d\u6b66\u5e1d\u592a\u5143\u5341\u5e74(385)\u5728\u56fd\u5b50\u5b66\u5174\u5efa\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5236\u5ea6\u5728\u5357\u671d\u5927\u4f53\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u4e0b\u6765\u3002\u5c31\u5317\u671d\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5317\u9b4f\u5b5d\u6587\u5e1d\u4ea6\u4e8e\u592a\u548c\u5341\u4e09\u5e74(489)\u4e0b\u8bcf\u5728\u4e2d\u4e66\u5b66(\u539f\u79f0\u56fd\u5b50\u5b66)\u5efa\u7f6e\u5b54\u5e99<sup>[15]<\/sup>\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fdf\u81f36\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\uff0c\u5357\u671d\u548c\u5317\u671d\u7686\u5df2\u5728\u4e2d\u592e\u5b98\u5b66\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u5b54\u5e99\u3002\u968f\u540e\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u5174\u5e99\u4e8e\u5b66\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u4fbf\u4ece\u4eac\u5e08\u5411\u5730\u65b9\u63a8\u884c\uff0c\u5e76\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u968b\u5510\u4e24\u4ee3\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u5317\u9f50\u5929\u4fdd\u5143\u5e74(550)\uff0c\u6587\u5ba3\u5e1d\u4ee4\u5404\u5730\u90e1\u5b66\u4e3a\u5b54\u5b50\u548c\u989c\u56de\u7acb\u5e99\uff0c\u662f\u4e3a\u5730\u65b9\u5b98\u5b66\u7acb\u5723\u5e99\u4e4b\u59cb\u3002\u5230\u4e86\u8d1e\u89c2\u56db\u5e74(630)\uff0c\u5510\u592a\u5b97\u66f4\u5c06\u5b54\u5e99\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\u63a8\u5e7f\u5230\u5404\u5730\u53bf\u5b66<sup>[16]<\/sup>\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5510\u4ee3\u5230\u5e95\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u5dde\u53bf\u771f\u6b63\u5730\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u5b98\u5b66\uff0c\u53c8\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u5b98\u5b66\u514d\u4e8e\u65cb\u5174\u65cb\u5e9f\u7684\u5384\u8fd0\uff0c\u5b9e\u5728\u96be\u4ee5\u907d\u8a00\u3002\u7eb5\u4f7f\u6709\u4e9b\u5dde\u53bf\u5728\u5510\u4ee3\u4fbf\u5efa\u6709\u5b98\u5b66\uff0c\u5176\u5728\u5b66\u751f\u5f92\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4e5f\u5be5\u5be5\u65e0\u51e0\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u73b0\u6709\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5dde\u53bf\u5b66\u5185\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5efa\u7b51\u8fdf\u81f3\u5510\u672b\u548c\u4e94\u4ee3\u4e4b\u9645\u5df2\u8361\u7136\u65e0\u5b58\uff0c\u4ec5\u7559\u6709\u6587\u5ba3\u738b\u5e99\u5c79\u7acb\u4e0d\u5012\uff0c\u800c\u7a76\u5176\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u6c11\u95f4\u628a\u5b54\u5b50\u5f53\u4f5c\u6709\u7977\u5fc5\u5e94\u7684\u795e\u7947\u8fdb\u884c\u796d\u7940\u6709\u5173<sup>[17]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e00\u76f4\u6301\u7eed\u5230\u5317\u5b8b\u521d\u5e74\u3002\u5728\u5b8b\u771f\u5b97\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u671d\u5ef7\u8fd8\u662f\u5730\u65b9\u5b98\u5458\u548c\u58eb\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u77e2\u5fd7\u5174\u5b66\u4e4b\u9645\u6700\u5e38\u505a\u7684\u4fbf\u662f\u5bf9\u6587\u5ba3\u738b\u5e99\u8fdb\u884c\u4fee\u7f2e\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u5176\u5468\u56f4\u589e\u5efa\u4e00\u4e9b\u6559\u80b2\u8bbe\u65bd(\u5982\u8bb2\u5802\u3001\u7ecf\u53f2\u9601\u3001\u5e96\u53a8\u3001\u658b\u820d\u7b49)\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u666f\u5fb7\u4e09\u5e74(1006)\uff0c\u671d\u5ef7\u8bcf\u201c\u5929\u4e0b\u8bf8\u90e1\u54b8\u4fee\u5148\u5723\u4e4b\u5e99\u201d\uff0c\u55e3\u540e\u201c\u53c8\u8bcf\u5e99\u4e2d\u8d77\u8bb2\u5802\uff0c\u805a\u5b66\u5f92\uff0c\u62e9\u5112\u96c5\u53ef\u4e3a\u4eba\u5e08\u8005\u4ee5\u6559\u7109\u201d<sup>[18]<\/sup>\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e00\u756a\u6574\u4fee\uff0c\u539f\u672c\u4ee5\u796d\u7940\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u5b54\u5e99\u5efa\u7b51\u7a7a\u95f4\u5c31\u9010\u6e10\u88ab\u6539\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u517c\u5177\u6559\u5b66\u548c\u796d\u7940\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5b98\u5b66\u5efa\u7b51\u7fa4\u3002\u5728\u6574\u4e2a11\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6539\u9769\u6d3e\u5b98\u5458\u4e00\u518d\u5c06\u5174\u5b66\u89c6\u4e3a\u5176\u653f\u6cbb\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u5b98\u5b66\u5728\u8bfb\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u4eba\u6570\u56e0\u800c\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u5176\u6559\u5b66\u529f\u80fd\u4e5f\u76f8\u5e94\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u5e76\u6700\u7ec8\u5728\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u4e0a\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u5b54\u5e99\u7684\u796d\u7940\u529f\u80fd<sup>[19]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6709\u9274\u4e8e\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5b9c\u8fc7\u5ea6\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e0d\u540c\u7891\u8bb0\u5728\u7bc7\u9898\u4e0a\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u4ee5\u201c\u5b66\u8bb0\u201d\u4e3a\u9898\u7684\u7891\u8bb0\u548c\u4ee5\u201c\u5b54\u5b50\u5e99\u8bb0\u201d\u6216\u201c\u6587\u5ba3\u738b\u5e99\u8bb0\u201d\u7b49\u4e3a\u9898\u7684\u7891\u8bb0\u5728\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0a\u672a\u5fc5\u6709\u5b9e\u8d28\u6027\u7684\u5dee\u522b\u3002\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u770b\u6765\u524d\u8005\u8bb0\u8ff0\u7684\u662f\u5dde\u53bf\u5b66\u7684\u8425\u9020\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u8005\u8bb0\u8ff0\u7684\u5219\u662f\u4e0e\u5b54\u5e99\u6709\u5173\u7684\u4fee\u847a\u5de5\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f46\u4e8b\u5b9e\u5e76\u975e\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u4e9b\u8c8c\u4f3c\u8bb0\u8ff0\u5b54\u5e99\u7ef4\u4fee\u5de5\u7a0b\u7684\u7891\u8bb0\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u5b54\u5e99\u5468\u8fb9\u7684\u6559\u5b66\u8bbe\u65bd\u4e5f\u4e00\u5e76\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u4fee\u7f2e\u3002\u97e9\u6108(768\u2014824)\u4e3a\u5904\u5dde\u5b54\u5e99\u6240\u5199\u7684\u7891\u8bb0\u5373\u4e3a\u4e00\u4f8b\u3002\u867d\u7136\u97e9\u6108\u6b64\u6587\u9898\u4e3a\u300a\u5904\u5dde\u5b54\u5b50\u5e99\u7891\u300b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u5728\u7891\u8bb0\u4e2d\u660e\u786e\u63d0\u5230\u5904\u5dde\u523a\u53f2\u674e\u7e41\u65b0\u4fee\u5b54\u5e99\u540e\uff0c\u590d\u201c\u9009\u535a\u58eb\u5f1f\u5b50\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u4e3a\u7f6e\u8bb2\u5802\uff0c\u6559\u4e4b\u884c\u793c\uff0c\u8084\u4e60\u5176\u4e2d\u201d<sup>[20]<\/sup>\u3002\u5b8b\u521d\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u96cd\u7199\u4e8c\u5e74(985)\uff0c\u5f90\u94c9(916\u2014991)\u4e3a\u6cd7\u5dde\u6587\u5ba3\u738b\u5e99\u4f5c\u8bb0\u3002\u6587\u4e2d\u63d0\u53ca\uff0c\u5728\u6587\u5ba3\u738b\u5e99\u7684\u6b63\u6bbf(\u8def\u5bdd)\u548c\u6b63\u95e8(\u5e94\u95e8)\u4fee\u7f2e\u5b8c\u5de5\u540e\uff0c\u4e3b\u4e8b\u8005\u53c8\u201c\u8f9f\u8bb2\u8bba\u4e4b\u5802\uff0c\u8bbe\u4e1c\u897f\u4e4b\u5e8f\u201d<sup>[21]<\/sup>\u3002\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ee5\u201c\u5b66\u8bb0\u201d\u4e3a\u9898\u7684\u7891\u8bb0\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6709\u7ef4\u4fee\u5b54\u5e99\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5b8b\u521d\u4e24\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u4e3a\u6c5f\u897f\u5949\u65b0\u3001\u798f\u5efa\u4ed9\u6e38\u4e24\u5730\u53bf\u5b66\u6240\u64b0\u7684\u7891\u8bb0\uff0c\u867d\u5206\u522b\u4ee5\u300a\u5112\u5b66\u8bb0\u300b\u548c\u300a\u4ed9\u6e38\u53bf\u5efa\u5b66\u8bb0\u300b\u4e3a\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u89c6\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5219\u4e3b\u4e8b\u8005\u9664\u4e86\u4e3a\u5b66\u751f\u8425\u5efa\u4e86\u6559\u5b66\u4e0e\u751f\u6d3b\u8bbe\u65bd\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u521b\u4fee\u5b54\u5e99\u4ee5\u7940\u5ba3\u5723<sup>[22]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u662f\u9898\u4e3a\u201c\u5b54\u5b50\u5e99\u8bb0\u201d\u6216\u201c\u6587\u5ba3\u738b\u5e99\u8bb0\u201d\u8fd8\u662f\u201c\u5b66\u8bb0\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7891\u8bb0\u5728\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0a\u5176\u5b9e\u5e76\u65e0\u663e\u8457\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u6240\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u4e43\u662f\u5728\u540c\u6837\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u2014\u793c\u5236\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u5c55\u5f00\u7684\u522b\u65e0\u4e8c\u81f4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class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"830\" height=\"318\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_1-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6068\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_1-2.png 830w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_1-2-300x115.png 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_1-2-768x294.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 830px) 100vw, 830px\" \/><figcaption>\u56fe1 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class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u88681 \u5b8b\u4ee3\u5730\u65b9\u5b98\u5b66\u7891\u8bb0\u5206\u7c7b\u7edf\u8ba1\u8868<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_2-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6069\" width=\"327\" height=\"237\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_2-2.png 830w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_2-2-300x218.png 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_2-2-768x557.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 327px) 100vw, 327px\" 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class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_3-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6070\" width=\"701\" height=\"247\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_3-2.png 830w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_3-2-300x106.png 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_3-2-768x270.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 701px) 100vw, 701px\" \/><figcaption>\u56fe2 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William Skinner)\u5212\u5b9a\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5730\u6587\u5b8f\u533a(physiographic 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4e0e\u5355\u4f4d\u6210\u672c\u4f4e\u5ec9\u7684\u6c34\u8def\u8fd0\u8f93\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u5546\u4e1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5404\u5b8f\u533a\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5730\u5e26\u5f80\u5f80\u4e5f\u662f\u4ea4\u901a\u4fbf\u5229\u4e4b\u5730<sup>[32]<\/sup>\u3002\u4e0d\u51fa\u610f\u5916\uff0c\u73b0\u5b58\u5730\u65b9\u5b98\u5b66\u7891\u8bb0\u6240\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u5dde\u53bf\u5b66\u96c6\u4e2d\u5206\u5e03\u4e8e\u5b8b\u4ee3\u7684\u4ea4\u901a\u8981\u9053\u4e0a\uff0c\u5982\u957f\u5b89\u4e0e\u6d1b\u9633\u4e4b\u95f4\u4ee5\u53ca\u9655\u897f\u4e0e\u6210\u90fd\u5e73\u539f\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u9646\u8def\u4ea4\u901a\u7ebf\u3001\u5927\u8fd0\u6cb3\u6cbf\u7ebf\u3001\u957f\u6c5f\u4e2d\u6e38\u5730\u533a\u7684\u8d63\u6c5f\u548c\u6e58\u6c5f\u6d41\u57df\u3001\u798f\u5efa\u7684\u95fd\u6c5f\u6d41\u57df\u7b49\u3002<sup>[33]<\/sup>\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\u5c31\u5206\u6790\u5b8b\u4ee3\u5730\u65b9\u5b98\u5b66\u8425\u9020\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u5206\u5e03\u89c4\u5f8b\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u7406\u7279\u5f81\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5730\u7406\u7279\u5f81\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5bcc\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u5206\u6790\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0b\u6587\u7684\u5206\u6790\u5c06\u5ffd\u7565\u884c\u653f\u533a\u5212\u7b49\u4eba\u4e3a\u5212\u5b9a\u7684\u5730\u7406\u5355\u5143\uff0c\u800c\u4ee5\u65bd\u575a\u96c5\u7684\u5730\u6587\u5b8f\u533a\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u5bf9\u7891\u8bb0\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u52a0\u4ee5\u8bc4\u4f30\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_6-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6073\" width=\"674\" height=\"521\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_6-2.png 830w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_6-2-300x232.png 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_6-2-768x594.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 674px) 100vw, 674px\" \/><figcaption>\u56fe4 &nbsp;\u73b0\u5b58\u5b8b\u4ee3\u7891\u8bb0\u6240\u6d89\u5730\u65b9\u5b98\u5b66\u4e4b\u5730\u7406\u5206\u5e03\u793a\u610f\u56fe<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><span style=\"color:#b7b7b7\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u6ce8:\u65bd\u575a\u96c5\u4ee51990\u5e74\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6570\u636e\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u6838\u5fc3\u2014\u8fb9\u7f18\u6307\u6570\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b8f\u533a\u5185\u5212\u5206\u51fa\u6838\u5fc3\u5730\u5e26\u548c\u8fb9\u7f18\u5730\u5e26\u3002\u8be5\u6307\u6570\u7684\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u4ece1\u52307\uff0c\u6570\u503c\u8d8a\u5c0f\u5219\u8d8a\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u6570\u503c\u8d8a\u5927\u5219\u8d8a\u8fb9\u7f18\u3002\u89c1G.William Skinner, Zumou Yue, and Mark Henderson,\u201cChina-CPZ (Core Periphery Zones),\u201dhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.7910\/DVN\/HBERON, Harvard Dataverse, V2, 2013\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u5f20\u5730\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u7b14\u8005\u5c06\u6838\u5fc3\u2014\u8fb9\u7f18\u6307\u6570\u4e3a1\u548c2\u7684\u533a\u57df\u6807\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u5730\u5e26\uff0c3\u548c4\u7684\u533a\u57df\u6807\u4e3a\u534a\u8fb9\u7f18\u5730\u5e26\uff0c5\u81f37\u7684\u533a\u57df\u6807\u4e3a\u8fb9\u7f18\u5730\u5e26\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u88683 \u5730\u65b9\u5b98\u5b66\u7891\u8bb0\u5728\u6838\u5fc3\u5730\u5e26\u4e0e\u8fb9\u7f18\u5730\u5e26\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u60c5\u51b5<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_7-3.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6074\" width=\"599\" height=\"306\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_7-3.png 830w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_7-3-300x153.png 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_7-3-768x392.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, 599px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><span style=\"color:#b7b7b7\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u6ce8:\u672c\u8868\u53ea\u7edf\u8ba1\u4e24\u5b8b\u7586\u57df\u5185\u5404\u4e2a\u5730\u6587\u5b8f\u533a\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u548c\u8fb9\u7f18\u5730\u5e26\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e91\u8d35\u5b8f\u533a\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e1c\u5317\u5b8f\u533a\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u548c\u8fb9\u7f18\u5730\u5e26\u4e0d\u4e88\u8003\u8651\u3002\u672c\u8868\u4e2d\u5317\u5b8b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u534e\u5317\u3001\u897f\u5317\u3001\u957f\u6c5f\u4e0a\u6e38\u3001\u4e2d\u6e38\u3001\u4e0b\u6e38\u3001\u4e1c\u5357\u6cbf\u6d77\u548c\u5cad\u5357\u4e03\u4e2a\u5b8f\u533a\uff0c\u5357\u5b8b\u5219\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u957f\u6c5f\u4e0a\u6e38\u3001\u4e2d\u6e38\u3001\u4e0b\u6e38\u3001\u4e1c\u5357\u6cbf\u6d77\u548c\u5cad\u5357\u4e94\u4e2a\u5b8f\u533a\u3002\u6838\u5fc3\u2014\u8fb9\u7f18\u6307\u6570\u6cbf\u7528\u65bd\u575a\u96c5\u4ee51990\u5e74\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6570\u636e\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u6570\u503c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7b80\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u81ea\u5e86\u5386\u4ee5\u964d\u76f4\u81f3\u5357\u5b8b\u8986\u4ea1\uff0c\u5168\u56fd\u5dde\u53bf\u90fd\u5728\u6301\u7eed\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u5174\u5efa\u548c\u91cd\u4fee\u5b98\u5b66\uff0c\u79ef\u6781\u6269\u5927\u5176\u89c4\u6a21\u3001\u62d3\u5c55\u5176\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5e76\u52aa\u529b\u4e3a\u5176\u65e5\u5e38\u8fd0\u4f5c\u63d0\u4f9b\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u7ecf\u8d39\u652f\u6301\u3002\u5b8b\u4ee3\u58eb\u5927\u592b\u4e3a\u6b64\u64b0\u5199\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u7891\u8bb0\uff0c\u5176\u5b58\u4e16\u6570\u91cf\u8fdc\u8f76\u5510\u4ee3\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5c31\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7891\u8bb0\u7684\u64b0\u4f5c\u65f6\u95f4\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5176\u5728\u4e24\u5b8b\u4e09\u767e\u5e74\u4e2d\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u5e76\u4e0d\u5747\u8861\u3002\u5982\u4ee5\u6bcf\u5341\u5e74\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u6bb5\u8fdb\u884c\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c\u5b58\u4e16\u5730\u65b9\u5b98\u5b66\u7891\u8bb0\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u6301\u7eed\u4e0a\u5347\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d11\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u53f6\u548c12\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u53f6\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u70b9\u5c24\u5176\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u65f6\u70b9\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b58\u4e16\u7891\u8bb0\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u90fd\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u5927\u5e45\u8dc3\u5347\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd9\u4e24\u6b21\u8dc3\u5347\u5e76\u975e\u8f6c\u77ac\u5373\u901d\u7684\u6682\u65f6\u6027\u66b4\u589e\u3002\u6070\u6070\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u8dc3\u5347\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u5b98\u5b66\u7684\u8425\u9020\u6d3b\u52a8\u90fd\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e00\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e00\u76f4\u7ef4\u6301\u4e86\u4e0b\u53bb\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ece\u5b8b\u521d\u81f3\u5b8b\u672b\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u5b98\u5b66\u7891\u8bb0\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u6301\u7eed\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u57281040\u5e74\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u5b58\u4e16\u5dde\u53bf\u5b66\u7891\u8bb0\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u5e73\u5747\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e0d\u5230\u5341\u7bc7\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6570\u5b57\u57281040\u5e74\u81f31100\u5e74\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e0a\u5347\u5230\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5e74\u4ee320\u591a\u7bc7\uff0c\u800c\u57281140\u5e74\u81f31239\u5e74\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4e0a\u5347\u523040\u591a\u7bc7\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5b8b\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\u628a\u76ee\u5149\u805a\u7126\u4e8e\u5317\u5b8b\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u4e09\u6b21\u5174\u5b66\u6d6a\u6f6e\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u5730\u65b9\u5b98\u5b66\u7684\u8425\u9020\u6d3b\u52a8\u5728\u5357\u5b8b\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u8fdc\u8f76\u5317\u5b8b\u7684\u65b0\u9ad8\u5ea6\u3002\u56e0\u800c\uff0c\u5357\u5b8b\u58eb\u5927\u592b\u4e3a\u5730\u65b9\u5b98\u5b66\u64b0\u5199\u7684\u7891\u8bb0\u4ea6\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u5317\u5b8b\u7684\u4e24\u500d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u56db\u3001\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u8bf4\u7406\u4e4b\u6587\u201d\u7684\u201c\u8bb0\u201d<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b8b\u4eba\u4e3a\u5730\u65b9\u5b98\u5b66\u64b0\u5199\u7684\u7891\u8bb0\u5e76\u975e\u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u7eaa\u5b9e\u6027\u3001\u7eaa\u5ff5\u6027\u6216\u8d5e\u7f8e\u6027\u6587\u7ae0\u3002\u5982\u6797\u7ebe\u6240\u8a00\uff0c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u7891\u8bb0\u4e2d\u5f88\u591a\u90fd\u662f\u201c\u8bf4\u7406\u4e4b\u6587\u201d\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5bcc\u6709\u8bba\u6218\u8272\u5f69\u3002\u5218\u5149\u7956\u4e3a\u6daa\u57ce\u53bf\u5b66\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\u8bb0\u6587\u5c31\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4f8b\u3002\u5b8b\u4ee3\u5730\u65b9\u5b98\u5b66\u7891\u8bb0\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u7279\u5f81\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u5510\u5b8b\u4e4b\u9645\u8bb0\u4f53\u6587\u5728\u5185\u5bb9\u548c\u5199\u4f5c\u98ce\u683c\u4e0a\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6b63\u5982\u6587\u5b66\u53f2\u5bb6\u6240\u8a00\uff0c\u521d\u5510\u7684\u8bb0\u4f53\u6587\u4e00\u822c\u4ee5\u53d9\u4e8b\u548c\u72b6\u7269\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5230\u4e868\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u548c9\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u8457\u540d\u6563\u6587\u5bb6\u5982\u97e9\u6108(768\u2014824)\u548c\u67f3\u5b97\u5143(773\u2014819)\u5219\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u201c\u8bb0\u201d\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165\u6292\u60c5\u548c\u8bae\u8bba\u7684\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4e30\u5bcc\u548c\u6269\u5927\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u6587\u5b66\u4f53\u88c1\u7684\u9898\u6750\u8303\u56f4\u3001\u60c5\u611f\u5185\u6db5\u548c\u601d\u60f3\u6df1\u5ea6\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u665a\u5510\uff0c\u8bb0\u4f53\u6587\u4e2d\u7684\u8bae\u8bba\u6210\u5206\u4ecd\u7136\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4f5c\u8005\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u4f9d\u9760\u63a8\u7406\u6765\u9610\u8ff0\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u5f80\u5f80\u56e0\u5176\u4e2a\u4eba\u7ecf\u5386\u800c\u6709\u611f\u4e8e\u6240\u53d9\u4e4b\u4e8b\u3001\u6240\u72b6\u4e4b\u7269\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u53d1\u4e3a\u8bae\u8bba\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bb0\u4f53\u6587\u4e2d\u5939\u6742\u7684\u8bae\u8bba\u901a\u5e38\u5e26\u6709\u6d53\u539a\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u611f\u60c5\u8272\u5f69\u3002\u767d\u4e91\u5f00(Anthony Pak Wan-Hoi)\u5728\u5176\u5bf9\u67f3\u5b97\u5143\u300a\u6c38\u5dde\u516b\u8bb0\u300b\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5c31\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u67f3\u5b97\u5143\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u201c\u8bb0\u201d\u4e2d\u6240\u505a\u7684\u8bae\u8bba\u201c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u8bae\u8bba\u548c\u6292\u60c5\u4e24\u79cd\u8868\u8fbe\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u7cc5\u5408\u201d\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u201c\u611f\u6027\u601d\u60f3\u201d(emotional thought)\u3002<sup>[34]<\/sup>\u867d\u7136\u767d\u6c0f\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u662f\u5c71\u6c34\u8bb0\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u7ed3\u8bba\u4e5f\u540c\u6837\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5510\u4eba\u6240\u64b0\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u8bb0\u4f53\u6587\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\uff0c\u5510\u4ee3\u7684\u8425\u9020\u8bb0\u901a\u5e38\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e\u8bb0\u8ff0\u8425\u9020\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u6765\u9f99\u53bb\u8109\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u5728\u7ed3\u5c3e\u5904\u6dfb\u52a0\u7b80\u77ed\u7684\u8bae\u8bba\uff0c\u5176\u76ee\u7684\u4e5f\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8bf4\u7406\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u9882\u626c\u4e3b\u4e8b\u8005\u7684\u4e30\u529f\u4f1f\u7ee9\u3002<sup>[35]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u8bae\u8bba\u8bf4\u7406\u5728\u5b8b\u4ee3\u6210\u4e3a\u8bb8\u591a\u8bb0\u4f53\u6587\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6210\u5206\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u8bb0\u4f53\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bae\u8bba\u8bf4\u7406\u751a\u81f3\u6210\u4e3a\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5b8b\u4eba\u4f5c\u8bb0\u65f6\u7ecf\u5e38\u91c7\u7528\u53d9\u4e8b\u548c\u8bae\u8bba\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u6709\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u5c51\u4e8e\u8be6\u8ff0\u6240\u8bb0\u4e4b\u4e8b\u7684\u6765\u9f99\u53bb\u8109\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u501f\u9898\u53d1\u6325\uff0c\u628a\u5199\u4f5c\u91cd\u5fc3\u653e\u5728\u5c31\u76f8\u5173\u8bae\u9898\u9610\u8ff0\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u65b9\u9762\u3002<sup>[36]<\/sup>\u6b63\u5982\u9648\u5e08\u9053(1053\u20141101)\u6240\u8a00\uff0c\u201c\u9000\u4e4b(\u97e9\u6108)\u4f5c\u8bb0\uff0c\u8bb0\u5176\u4e8b\u8033\uff0c\u4eca\u4e4b\u8bb0\u4e43\u8bba\u4e5f\u201d\u3002<sup>[37]<\/sup>\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bae\u8bba\u8bf4\u7406\u503e\u5411\u5728\u5b8b\u4ee3\u5730\u65b9\u5b98\u5b66\u7891\u8bb0\u4e2d\u5c24\u4e3a\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u6b63\u662f\u6797\u7ebe\u4e3b\u5f20\u5c06\u201c\u5b66\u8bb0\u201d\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u8425\u9020\u8bb0\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u7c7b\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b8b\u4eba\u65e2\u7136\u628a\u64b0\u5199\u5b66\u8bb0\u89c6\u4e3a\u9610\u626c\u5176\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u8f7d\u4f53\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b66\u8bb0\u4e2d\u5230\u5e95\u8868\u8fbe\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u89c2\u70b9?\u8868\u8fbe\u4e86\u8c01\u7684\u89c2\u70b9?\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u6709\u591a\u5927?\u5728\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u4e24\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u7b14\u8005\u5c06\u501f\u52a9\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u548c\u6587\u672c\u5206\u6790\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4ece\u4f5c\u8005\u548c\u4e3b\u9898\u4e24\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u5bf9\u73b0\u5b58\u7684773\u7bc7\u5b8b\u4ee3\u5730\u65b9\u5b98\u5b66\u7891\u8bb0\u505a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u4f53\u6027\u7684\u8003\u5bdf\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4ee5\u6b64\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0a\u8ff0\u95ee\u9898\u7565\u9648\u7ba1\u89c1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" 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class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_8-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6075\" width=\"536\" height=\"313\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_8-1.png 830w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_8-1-300x175.png 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_8-1-768x448.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 536px) 100vw, 536px\" \/><figcaption>\u56fe5 &nbsp;\u9ad8\u4ea7\u4f5c\u8005\u548c\u4f4e\u4ea7\u4f5c\u8005\u4eba\u6570\u5206\u5e03\u56fe<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6bcf\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u7559\u4e0b\u7684\u5dde\u53bf\u5b66\u7891\u8bb0\u7bc7\u6570\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fa7\u9762\u8bf4\u660e\u4ed6\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u3002\u5179\u4ee5\u9648\u9020(1133\u20141203)\u548c\u6d2a\u8fc8(1123\u20141202)\u4e24\u4eba\u4e3a\u4f8b\u3002\u9648\u9020\uff0c\u6dee\u4e1c\u9ad8\u90ae\u519b\u4eba\uff0c\u5e74\u56db\u5341\u4e09\u767b\u6df3\u7199\u4e8c\u5e74(1175)\u8fdb\u58eb\u4e59\u79d1\uff0c\u6388\u8fea\u529f\u90ce\u3001\u592a\u5e73\u5dde\u7e41\u660c\u53bf\u5c09\uff0c\u6539\u5e73\u6c5f\u5e9c\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u3001\u77e5\u660e\u5dde\u5b9a\u6d77\u53bf\u3001\u901a\u5224\u623f\u5dde\uff0c\u7ec8\u6dee\u5357\u897f\u8def\u5b89\u629a\u53f8\u53c2\u8bae\u3002<sup>[3<\/sup><sup>9]<\/sup>\u9648\u9020\u7684\u5ba6\u8ff9\u867d\u904d\u53ca\u4e24\u6dee\u3001\u6c5f\u4e1c\u3001\u4e24\u6d59\u3001\u6e56\u5317\u8bf8\u8def\uff0c\u5176\u5b98\u4f4d\u5219\u4ec5\u6b62\u4e8e\u5dde\u53bf\u957f\u8d30\u3002\u9648\u9020\u6267\u7b14\u7684\u5dde\u53bf\u5b66\u7891\u8bb0\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u6240\u77e5\u51e1\u56db\u7bc7\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e09\u7bc7\u662f\u4e3a\u5176\u5bb6\u4e61\u9ad8\u90ae\u519b\u7684\u519b\u5b66\u3001\u53bf\u5b66\u64b0\u5199\u7684\uff0c<sup>[40]<\/sup>\u4f59\u4e0b\u4e00\u7bc7\u5219\u662f\u4e3a\u8ddd\u9ad8\u90ae\u4e00\u767e\u516c\u91cc\u5de6\u53f3\u7684\u695a\u5dde\u76d0\u57ce\u53bf\u5b66\u64b0\u5199\u7684\u3002<sup>[41]<\/sup>\u4e0e\u9648\u9020\u540c\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u6c5f\u897f\u9976\u5dde\u4eba\u6d2a\u8fc8\u5219\u60c5\u51b5\u660e\u663e\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u6d2a\u8fc8\uff0c\u5e74\u4e8c\u5341\u4e09\u767b\u7ecd\u5174\u5341\u4e94\u5e74(1145)\u8fdb\u58eb\u7b2c\uff0c\u55e3\u540e\u5ba3\u52b3\u4e2d\u5916\u3001\u5386\u5b98\u663e\u8981\u3002\u6d2a\u8fc8\u4e5f\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u56db\u7bc7\u5dde\u53bf\u5b66\u7891\u8bb0\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4e2d\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u7bc7\u662f\u4e3a\u5bb6\u4e61\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u5fbd\u5dde\u5a7a\u6e90\u53bf\u5b66\u64b0\u5199\u7684\uff0c<sup>[42]<\/sup>\u5176\u4f59\u4e09\u7bc7\u5219\u6240\u6d89\u5730\u57df\u751a\u5e7f\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u4eca\u5c5e\u6cb3\u5357\u3001\u798f\u5efa\u3001\u5e7f\u897f\u4e09\u7701\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u5dde\u53bf\u3002\u8fd9\u56db\u7bc7\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u7bc7\u8bb0\u8ff0\u7684\u662f\u6d2a\u8fc8\u672c\u4eba\u88ab\u8d2c\u6dfb\u5dee\u6559\u6388\u798f\u5dde\u4e4b\u9645\u5145\u5b9e\u5dde\u5b66\u4ed3\u5eea\u4e4b\u4e8b\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e09\u7bc7\u6240\u8bb0\u5219\u7686\u4e3a\u6d2a\u8fc8\u4eb2\u515a\u548c\u53cb\u4eba\u5728\u5404\u5730\u4efb\u5b98\u4e4b\u9645\u6539\u5efa\u5dde\u53bf\u5b66\u7684\u653f\u7ee9\u3002<sup>[43]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u524d\u8ff0\u5218\u5149\u7956\u300a\u6daa\u57ce\u5b66\u8bb0\u300b\u7684\u6d41\u4f20\u60c5\u51b5\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5b66\u8bb0\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u4f20\u6284\u3001\u523b\u5370\u7b49\u65b9\u5f0f\u5e7f\u6cdb\u6d41\u4f20\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5176\u8bfb\u8005\u672a\u5fc5\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e\u5b66\u6821\u6240\u5728\u5730\u7684\u5b98\u5458\u548c\u58eb\u4eba\u3002\u5373\u4fbf\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4ec5\u4e3a\u5bb6\u4e61\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u5b98\u5b66\u4f5c\u8bb0(\u5982\u9648\u9020)\u548c\u4e3a\u5168\u56fd\u5404\u5730\u7684\u5b98\u5b66\u4f5c\u8bb0(\u5982\u6d2a\u8fc8)\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u7740\u5929\u58e4\u4e4b\u522b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e00\u7bc7\u5b66\u8bb0\u6700\u76f4\u63a5\u3001\u6700\u660e\u786e\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u5fc5\u7136\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b66\u6821\u6240\u5728\u5730\u7684\u6559\u6388\u548c\u751f\u5f92\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u4e00\u518d\u53d7\u9080\u4e3a\u5343\u91cc\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u5dde\u53bf\u5b66\u4f5c\u8bb0\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6b64\u4e8b\u672c\u8eab\u4fbf\u662f\u4f5c\u8005\u4eba\u8109\u3001\u77e5\u540d\u5ea6\u4e0e\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u4f53\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u804c\u662f\u4e4b\u6545\uff0c\u5728\u8bc4\u4f30\u4e00\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8981\u8003\u8651\u4ed6\u4e3a\u591a\u5c11\u5dde\u53bf\u5b66\u64b0\u5199\u4e86\u7891\u8bb0\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8981\u8003\u8651\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5dde\u53bf\u5b66\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u54ea\u4e9b\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u5145\u5206\u8003\u8651\u4e00\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u6240\u53ca\u7684\u5730\u7406\u8303\u56f4\u7a76\u7adf\u6709\u591a\u5927\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8003\u5bdf\u6bcf\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u5206\u5e03\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u672c\u8282\u6784\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cc\u6a21\u7f51\u7edc(bipartite network)\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u53cc\u6a21\u6307\u7684\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u65b9(\u8282\u70b9)\u5206\u522b\u4e3a\u4e24\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u3002\u5c31\u672c\u8282\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u6027\u8d28\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u65b9\u5206\u522b\u662f\u5730\u65b9\u5b98\u5b66\u7891\u8bb0\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u548c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b66\u6821\u6240\u5728\u7684\u5730\u6587\u5b8f\u533a(\u56fe6)<sup>[44]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u672c\u8282\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u7b14\u8005\u5c06\u90a3\u4e9b\u4ec5\u4e3a\u540c\u4e00\u5730\u6587\u5b8f\u533a\u5185\u7684\u5b98\u5b66\u64b0\u5199\u7891\u8bb0\u7684\u4f5c\u8005(\u5982\u9648\u9020)\u89c6\u4e3a\u5177\u6709\u533a\u57df\u6027\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u800c\u5c06\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u5730\u6587\u5b8f\u533a\u5185\u7684\u5b98\u5b66\u64b0\u5199\u7891\u8bb0\u7684\u4f5c\u8005(\u5982\u6d2a\u8fc8)\u89c6\u4e3a\u5177\u6709\u5168\u56fd\u6027\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f5c\u8005\u5fc5\u987b\u7559\u4e0b\u81f3\u5c11\u4e24\u7bc7\u7891\u8bb0\uff0c\u624d\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u5168\u56fd\u6027\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7b14\u8005\u5c06\u90a3\u4e9b\u4ec5\u6709\u4e00\u7bc7\u7891\u8bb0\u4f20\u4e16\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u6392\u9664\u5728\u5916\u3002\u5982\u6b64\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u7eb3\u5165\u672c\u8282\u7814\u7a76\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u6570\u91cf\u5c31\u4ece524\u4eba\u5927\u5e45\u51cf\u5c11\u5230\u4e8691\u4eba\u3002\u8fd991\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u6bcf\u4eba\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u4e24\u7bc7\u5dde\u53bf\u5b66\u7891\u8bb0\u5b58\u4e16\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd991\u4eba\u4e2d\uff0c\u63a5\u8fd1\u534a\u6570(43\u4f4d)\u4ec5\u4e3a\u67d0\u4e00\u7279\u5b9a\u5b8f\u533a\u5185\u7684\u5b66\u6821\u64b0\u5199\u8fc7\u7891\u8bb0\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b8f\u533a\u51e0\u4e4e\u90fd\u662f\u5176\u5bb6\u4e61\u6240\u5728\u5730<sup>[45]<\/sup>\uff0c\u8fd9\u5145\u5206\u8bf4\u660e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u4e0e\u524d\u8ff0\u7684\u9648\u9020\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e\u5176\u5bb6\u4e61\u7684\u5468\u8fb9\u5730\u533a\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u534a\u7684\u4f5c\u8005(48\u4f4d)\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u5219\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u53cd\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f5c\u8005\u90fd\u66fe\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u5b8f\u533a\u5185\u7684\u5dde\u53bf\u5b66\u64b0\u5199\u8fc7\u7891\u8bb0\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4ed6\u4eec\u6216\u591a\u6216\u5c11\u5730\u5177\u6709\u8d85\u8d8a\u67d0\u4e00\u7279\u5b9a\u5730\u533a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u3002\u5728\u8fd948\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u6700\u5e7f\u768412\u4eba\u66fe\u4e3a\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u4e09\u56db\u4e2a\u5730\u6587\u5b8f\u533a\u5185\u7684\u5dde\u53bf\u5b66\u64b0\u5199\u8fc7\u7891\u8bb0(\u88684)<sup>[46]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u88684 \u7891\u8bb0\u4f5c\u8005\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u8303\u56f4\u5206\u7c7b\u7edf\u8ba1\u8868<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_9-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6076\" width=\"664\" height=\"195\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_9-1.png 830w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_9-1-300x88.png 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_9-1-768x226.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 664px) 100vw, 664px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><span style=\"color:#b7b7b7\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u6ce8:\u62ec\u53f7\u5185\u4e3a\u6709\u6587\u96c6\u5b58\u4e16\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u4eba\u6570\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u663e\u800c\u6613\u89c1\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u5177\u6709\u5168\u56fd\u6027\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u7269\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u505a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\uff0c\u7b14\u8005\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u5c06\u63cf\u8ff0\u4f5c\u8005\u4e0e\u5b8f\u533a\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u53cc\u6a21\u7f51\u7edc\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u63cf\u8ff0\u4f5c\u8005\u4e0e\u4f5c\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5355\u6a21\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5355\u6a21\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\u65b9(\u8282\u70b9)\u90fd\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53(\u5373\u7891\u8bb0\u4f5c\u8005)\uff0c\u800c\u4f5c\u8005\u4e0e\u4f5c\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u5426\u6709\u8054\u7cfb\u5219\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u5728\u5730\u7406\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0a\u662f\u5426\u91cd\u53e0\u3002\u5c31\u5b9e\u9645\u64cd\u4f5c\u5c42\u9762\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e24\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u90fd\u66fe\u4e3a\u540c\u4e00\u5b8f\u533a\u5185\u7684\u5b98\u5b66\u64b0\u5199\u8fc7\u7891\u8bb0\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u5728\u5355\u6a21\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u6761\u94fe\u63a5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u738b\u5b89\u77f3\u65e2\u4e3a\u957f\u6c5f\u4e0b\u6e38\u7684\u5b98\u5b66\u4e5f\u4e3a\u957f\u6c5f\u4e2d\u6e38\u7684\u5b98\u5b66\u64b0\u5199\u8fc7\u7891\u8bb0\uff0c\u7ae0\u671b\u4e4b\u65e2\u4e3a\u957f\u6c5f\u4e0b\u6e38\u7684\u5b98\u5b66\u4e5f\u4e3a\u4e1c\u5357\u6cbf\u6d77\u7684\u5b98\u5b66\u64b0\u5199\u8fc7\u7891\u8bb0\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u5728\u738b\u5b89\u77f3\u548c\u7ae0\u671b\u4e4b\u4e24\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u6761\u94fe\u63a5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e24\u4eba\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u5728\u957f\u6c5f\u4e0b\u6e38\u5730\u533a\u91cd\u53e0\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5730\u533a\u90fd\u6709\u901a\u8fc7\u4e3a\u5730\u65b9\u5b98\u5b66\u64b0\u5199\u7891\u8bb0\u6765\u5ba3\u626c\u81ea\u5df1\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u4e24\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u94fe\u63a5\u7684\u5f3a\u5f31\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u4e24\u4eba\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u91cd\u53e0\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4e24\u4eba\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u5728\u591a\u5c11\u5b8f\u533a\u91cd\u53e0\u53ca\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u5728\u91cd\u53e0\u5730\u533a\u53d1\u6325\u5176\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u6b21\u6570\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u5c06\u4e24\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u91cd\u53e0\u5730\u533a\u5404\u81ea\u64b0\u5199\u7684\u7891\u8bb0\u6570\u76ee\u76f8\u4e58\uff0c\u518d\u5c06\u5404\u4e2a\u91cd\u53e0\u5730\u533a\u6240\u5f97\u4e58\u79ef\u52a0\u603b\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u4e3a\u4e24\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u94fe\u63a5\u52a0\u6743\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u5355\u6a21\u7f51\u7edc\u56e0\u800c\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u8303\u56f4\u4ea4\u53c9\u91cd\u53e0\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\uff0c\u6d3b\u8dc3\u4e8e\u540c\u4e00\u5b8f\u533a\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e4b\u95f4\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7d27\u5bc6\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u5b50\u7fa4\uff0c\u800c\u8fde\u63a5\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b50\u7fa4\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u5219\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u5f97\u4ee5\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u5b8f\u533a\u5ba3\u626c\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u5e76\u56e0\u800c\u4eab\u6709\u5168\u56fd\u6027\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6362\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5355\u6a21\u7f51\u7edc\u4e5f\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u5404\u5b8f\u533a\u4e4b\u95f4\u601d\u60f3\u89c2\u5ff5\u4ea4\u6d41\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u60f3\u4e24\u79cd\u6781\u7aef\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4efb\u610f\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u7fa4\u90fd\u501f\u7531\u591a\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u5168\u56fd\u6027\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u5f7c\u6b64\u8054\u901a\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u601d\u60f3\u89c2\u5ff5\u5728\u5404\u533a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u6e20\u9053\u4e30\u5bcc\u901a\u7545;\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u6781\u7aef\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u5168\u56fd\u6027\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b50\u7fa4\u90fd\u5b8c\u5168\u72ec\u7acb\u3001\u4e92\u4e0d\u8054\u901a\uff0c\u5219\u8de8\u5b8f\u533a\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u4ea4\u6d41\u5b8c\u5168\u4ed8\u4e4b\u9619\u5982\u3002\u672c\u8282\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u5355\u6a21\u7f51\u7edc\u5728\u8054\u901a\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0a\u4ecb\u4e8e\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5c5e\u6027\u8fdb\u884c\u6df1\u5165\u8003\u5bdf\uff0c\u672c\u8282\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4e24\u79cd\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4e00\u662f\u5229\u7528\u6a21\u5757\u5ea6\u5206\u6790(modularity analysis)\u548c\u6838\u5fc3\u2014\u8fb9\u7f18\u7ed3\u6784\u5206\u6790(core-periphery analysis)\u5c06\u5355\u6a21\u7f51\u7edc\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u82e5\u5e72\u4e2a\u5b50\u7fa4\uff0c\u4e8c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u8ba1\u7b97\u5355\u6a21\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u4e2d\u4ecb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5ea6(betweenness centrality)\u6765\u8bc4\u4f30\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u8054\u901a\u4e0d\u540c\u5b50\u7fa4\u4e0a\u5404\u81ea\u8d77\u5230\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u628a\u63e1\u4e24\u5b8b\u4e4b\u9645\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u7b14\u8005\u6839\u636e\u6bcf\u7bc7\u7891\u8bb0\u7684\u64b0\u5199\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5c06\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6210\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u96c6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5b50\u96c6\u7684\u5207\u5206\u4ee5\u9756\u5eb7\u5143\u5e74(1126)\u4e3a\u754c\u3002\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u9756\u5eb7\u5143\u5e74\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e00\u5e74\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u7b97\u662f\u5317\u5b8b\u7684\u843d\u5e55\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5b83\u4e5f\u662f\u7406\u5b66\u4e3b\u9898\u5728\u5730\u65b9\u5b98\u5b66\u7891\u8bb0\u4e2d\u5f00\u59cb\u6d6e\u73b0\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3(\u8be6\u540e)\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4ece960\u5e74\u81f31039\u5e74\u768480\u5e74\u95f4\u9c9c\u6709\u5b98\u5b66\u7891\u8bb0\u5b58\u4e16\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0b\u6587\u5bf9\u5317\u5b8b\u65f6\u671f\u7891\u8bb0\u4f5c\u8005\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u5206\u6790\u53cd\u6620\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u662f1040\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<sup>[47]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_10.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6077\" width=\"990\" height=\"503\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_10.png 830w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_10-300x153.png 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_10-768x390.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 990px) 100vw, 990px\" \/><figcaption>\u56fe6 \u5730\u65b9\u5b98\u5b66\u7891\u8bb0\u4f5c\u8005\u4e0e\u5b98\u5b66\u6240\u5728\u5b8f\u533a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u53cc\u6a21\u7f51\u7edc\u5173\u7cfb\u56fe<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><span style=\"color:#b7b7b7\" 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class=\"has-inline-color\">(\u4e00)\u9e3f\u6c9f\u548c\u6865\u6881<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u8ba1\u7b97\u5355\u6a21\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u4e2d\u4ecb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5ea6(\u88685)\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8bba\u8bc1\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u662f\u65e0\u8bba\u5317\u5b8b\u8fd8\u662f\u5357\u5b8b\uff0c\u957f\u6c5f\u4e0a\u6e38\u5b8f\u533a(\u5176\u8303\u56f4\u5927\u81f4\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5b8b\u4ee3\u56db\u5ddd\u5730\u533a)\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u6587\u5b8f\u533a\u4e4b\u95f4\u5728\u601d\u60f3\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u660e\u663e\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u9e3f\u6c9f\u3002\u53cc\u6a21\u7f51\u7edc\u56fe(\u56fe6)\u76f4\u89c2\u5730\u663e\u793a\u51fa\uff0c\u5b8b\u671d\u4e1c\u90e8\u5404\u5b8f\u533a(\u542b\u534e\u5317\u3001\u957f\u6c5f\u4e2d\u6e38\u3001\u957f\u6c5f\u4e0b\u6e38\u3001\u4e1c\u5357\u6cbf\u6d77)\u4e4b\u95f4\u601d\u60f3\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\u6e20\u9053\u4e30\u5bcc\u901a\u7545\uff0c\u800c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0e\u957f\u6c5f\u4e0a\u6e38\u5b8f\u533a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u5219\u8981\u8584\u5f31\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u5179\u4ee5\u66ff\u957f\u6c5f\u4e2d\u6e38\u5b8f\u533a\u5185\u7684\u5dde\u53bf\u5b66\u64b0\u5199\u8fc7\u7891\u8bb0\u768411\u4f4d\u5317\u5b8b\u4f5c\u8005\u4e3a\u4f8b\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e24\u4eba\u66fe\u66ff\u957f\u6c5f\u4e0b\u6e38\u5b8f\u533a\u5185\u7684\u5b98\u5b66\u4f5c\u8bb0\uff0c\u4e00\u4eba\u66fe\u66ff\u4e1c\u5357\u6cbf\u6d77\u7684\u5b98\u5b66\u4f5c\u8bb0\uff0c\u4e00\u4eba\u66fe\u4e3a\u534e\u5317\u5730\u533a\u7684\u5b98\u5b66\u4f5c\u8bb0\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4eba\u66fe\u4e3a\u5cad\u5357\u5730\u533a\u7684\u5b98\u5b66\u4f5c\u8bb0\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f5c\u8005\u4e2d\u65e0\u4e00\u4e3a\u957f\u6c5f\u4e0a\u6e38\u5730\u533a\u7684\u5b98\u5b66\u64b0\u5199\u8fc7\u7891\u8bb0\u3002\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u5e94\uff0c\u5728\u4e3a\u957f\u6c5f\u4e0a\u6e38\u5730\u533a\u7684\u5b98\u5b66\u64b0\u5199\u8fc7\u7891\u8bb0\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u4e2d\uff0c\u9664\u5b8b\u7941(998\u20141061)\u5916\uff0c\u65e0\u4eba\u4e3a\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u533a\u7684\u5b98\u5b66\u4f5c\u8bb0\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u5f62\u5728\u5357\u5b8b\u65f6\u4ea6\u65e0\u6539\u89c2\u3002\u5357\u5b8b\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u4e1c\u90e8\u5404\u5b8f\u533a(\u542b\u957f\u6c5f\u4e2d\u6e38\u3001\u957f\u6c5f\u4e0b\u6e38\u3001\u4e1c\u5357\u6cbf\u6d77\u4e43\u81f3\u5cad\u5357)\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u4ea4\u6d41\u6bd4\u4ee5\u524d\u66f4\u52a0\u5bc6\u5207\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0e\u957f\u6c5f\u4e0a\u6e38\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6c9f\u901a\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u9650\u3002\u56fe6\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u4e1c\u90e8\u5404\u5730\u548c\u957f\u6c5f\u4e0a\u6e38\u5730\u533a\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\u5b8c\u5168\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e2d\u4ecb\u6027\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u5373\u9b4f\u4e86\u7fc1\u548c\u6641\u516c\u9061(1138\u5e74\u8fdb\u58eb\u767b\u79d1)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u88685 \u5730\u65b9\u5b98\u5b66\u7891\u8bb0\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u4e2d\u4ecb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5ea6<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_11.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6078\" width=\"367\" height=\"668\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_11.png 456w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_11-165x300.png 165w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 367px) 100vw, 367px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><span style=\"color:#b7b7b7\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u6ce8:\u4ee5\u661f\u53f7\u6807\u6ce8\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u6ca1\u6709\u6587\u96c6\u4f20\u4e16\u3002\u4e2d\u4ecb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5ea6\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u5728UCINET\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u91c7\u7528Linton C. Freeman\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u6b64\u5904\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4ec5\u8003\u8651\u5404\u4e2a\u5b8f\u533a\u4e4b\u95f4\u601d\u60f3\u4ea4\u6d41\u7684\u6e20\u9053\u4e4b\u6709\u65e0\uff0c\u6545\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u8fb9\u7684\u6743\u91cd\u3002Linton C. Freeman, \u201cCentrality in Social Networks: Conceptual Clarification,\u201d Social Networks, vol. 1, no. 3, 1978, pp. 215-239.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53cc\u6a21\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u76f4\u89c2\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7a7a\u95f4\u7279\u5f81\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u4e3a\u4f55\u5b8b\u7941\u3001\u9b4f\u4e86\u7fc1\u3001\u6641\u516c\u9061\u5728\u5355\u6a21\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u6781\u9ad8\u7684\u4e2d\u4ecb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5ea6\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e09\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u662f\u957f\u6c5f\u4e0a\u6e38\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u5b8f\u533a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u6865\u6881\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u5177\u6709\u65e0\u4e0e\u4f26\u6bd4\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u4e2d\u4ecb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5ea6\u8861\u91cf\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5728\u4fc3\u8fdb\u7f51\u7edc\u5185\u90e8\u4fe1\u606f\u6d41\u901a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u4ece\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0a\u8bb2\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u6307\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5728\u8054\u901a\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u610f\u4e24\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u4e0a\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6b21\u6570\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u4e2d\u4ecb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5ea6\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u5219\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5b83\u5728\u4fe1\u606f\u4f20\u64ad\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u5bfc\u4f5c\u7528\u8d8a\u5f3a\u3002<sup>[48]<\/sup>\u672c\u8282\u4e2d\u5355\u6a21\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6784\u5efa\u65b9\u6cd5\u610f\u5473\u7740\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e3a\u540c\u4e00\u5b8f\u533a\u5185\u7684\u5dde\u53bf\u5b66\u64b0\u5199\u7891\u8bb0\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u52bf\u5fc5\u805a\u4e3a\u5b50\u7fa4\u3002\u804c\u662f\u4e4b\u6545\uff0c\u4e3a\u591a\u4e2a\u5b8f\u533a\u5185\u7684\u5dde\u53bf\u5b66\u90fd\u64b0\u5199\u8fc7\u7891\u8bb0\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u5219\u6210\u4e3a\u6c9f\u901a\u5404\u4e2a\u5b50\u7fa4\u7684\u6865\u6881\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f5c\u8005\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u5b8f\u533a\u5185\u4eab\u6709\u77e5\u540d\u5ea6\u3001\u5177\u5907\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u5b8f\u533a\u5185\u5ba3\u4f20\u81ea\u5df1\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4e2d\u4ecb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5ea6\u4e5f\u81ea\u7136\u8f83\u9ad8\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6c9f\u901a\u5404\u4e2a\u5b8f\u533a\u7684\u6865\u6881\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7891\u8bb0\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u4e2d\u4ecb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5ea6\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b8f\u533a\u5185\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u53d7\u4f17\u89c4\u6a21(\u5728\u6b64\u6743\u4ee5\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b8f\u533a\u5185\u4ec5\u5177\u533a\u57df\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u4eba\u6570\u8861\u91cf)\u6b63\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u800c\u4e0e\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u50cf\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e00\u6837\u6c9f\u901a\u5404\u533a\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u4eba\u6570\u8d1f\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u4e0a\u8ff0\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u4f5c\u7528\u4f7f\u5b8b\u7941\u3001\u9b4f\u4e86\u7fc1\u3001\u6641\u516c\u9061\u4e09\u4eba\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u6781\u9ad8\u7684\u4e2d\u4ecb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5ea6\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u6731\u71b9\u3001\u5f20\u683b\u3001\u53f6\u9002\u7b49\u4eba\u5c3d\u7ba1\u64b0\u5199\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5b66\u8bb0\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4ecb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5ea6\u76f8\u5bf9\u504f\u4f4e\u3002\u5176\u539f\u56e0\u4fbf\u5728\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ec5\u4e3a\u4e1c\u90e8\u5404\u5b8f\u533a\u7684\u5dde\u53bf\u5b66\u4f5c\u8bb0\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u4e1c\u90e8\u9664\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ee5\u5916\u8fd8\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u4eba(\u5982\u6d2a\u8fc8)\u4e5f\u90fd\u626e\u6f14\u7740\u4fc3\u8fdb\u8de8\u533a\u4ea4\u6d41\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u5c31\u4e0d\u50cf\u5b8b\u7941\u3001\u9b4f\u4e86\u7fc1\u3001\u6641\u516c\u9061\u90a3\u6837\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u4ed4\u7ec6\u7814\u7a76\u4e00\u4e0b\u4e2d\u4ecb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5ea6\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5f97\u51fa\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\uff0c\u7406\u5b66\u4eba\u7269<sup>[49]<\/sup>\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u5f3a\uff0c\u5f97\u4ee5\u5ab2\u7f8e\u4ee5\u81f3\u53d6\u4ee3\u53e4\u6587\u5bb6\u6210\u4e3a\u5404\u5b8f\u533a\u4e4b\u95f4\u601d\u60f3\u4ea4\u6d41\u7684\u6865\u6881\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u4e3a\u56db\u5ddd\u5730\u533a\u5dde\u53bf\u5b66\u4f5c\u8bb0\u7684\u4e09\u4f4d\u5177\u6709\u5168\u56fd\u6027\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u4e2d\uff0c\u8f83\u65e9\u7684\u4e24\u4f4d(\u5373\u5b8b\u7941\u548c\u6641\u516c\u9061)\u90fd\u662f\u4e0e\u56db\u5ddd\u6709\u6e0a\u6e90\u7684\u8457\u540d\u53e4\u6587\u5bb6\u3002\u5b8b\u7941\u4e8e\u5609\u7950\u521d\u77e5\u76ca\u5dde(\u4eca\u6210\u90fd)\uff0c\u800c\u6641\u516c\u9061\u5219\u5728\u5317\u5b8b\u706d\u4ea1\u540e\u5f99\u5c45\u56db\u5ddd<sup>[50]<\/sup>\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5230\u4e8613\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53e4\u6587\u5bb6\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u5219\u88ab\u56db\u5ddd\u51fa\u8eab\u7684\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u9b4f\u4e86\u7fc1\u53d6\u800c\u4ee3\u4e4b\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7406\u5b66\u4eba\u7269\u65e5\u6e10\u589e\u5f3a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u5728\u4e1c\u90e8\u5404\u5b8f\u533a\u4e5f\u5f70\u5f70\u53ef\u89c1\u3002\u5317\u5b8b\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5728\u4e3a\u4e1c\u90e8\u5b8f\u533a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class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u88686 &nbsp;\u5730\u65b9\u5b98\u5b66\u7891\u8bb0\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5ea6<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_12.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6079\" width=\"595\" height=\"928\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_12.png 532w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_12-192x300.png 192w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 595px) 100vw, 595px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color:#b7b7b7\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u6ce8:\u4ee5\u661f\u53f7\u6807\u6ce8\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u6ca1\u6709\u6587\u96c6\u4f20\u4e16\u3002\u6838\u5fc3\u5ea6\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u5728UCINET\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u91c7\u7528Borgatti- 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Borgatti, Martin G. Everett, \u201cModels of Core\/ Periphery Structures,\u201d Social Networks, vol. 21, no. 4, 1999, pp. 375-395.\u5018\u82e5\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u8fb9\u7684\u6743\u91cd\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u4f5c\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5ea6\u5dee\u522b\u5219\u8f83\u5c0f\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6838\u5fc3\u5ea6\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u4e3a\u5317\u5b8b\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u9ec4\u88f3\u548c\u5357\u5b8b\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u6731\u71b9\u3001\u9ec4\u69a6\u3001\u53f6\u9002\u3001\u6d2a\u8fc8\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_13.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6080\" width=\"931\" height=\"785\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_13.png 830w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_13-300x253.png 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_13-768x648.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 931px) 100vw, 931px\" \/><figcaption>\u56fe7 \u5730\u65b9\u5b98\u5b66\u7891\u8bb0\u4f5c\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5355\u6a21\u7f51\u7edc\u5173\u7cfb\u56fe<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><span style=\"color:#b7b7b7\" 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Hartman)\u66fe\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u7406\u5b66\u5728\u5357\u5b8b\u601d\u60f3\u754c\u7684\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u4f7f\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u5b58\u4e16\u8f83\u591a\uff0c\u6545\u4f20\u4e16\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u5e26\u6709\u6d53\u539a\u7684\u7406\u5b66\u8272\u5f69<sup>[54]<\/sup>\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u4ee5\u4e2d\u4ecb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5ea6\u8fd8\u662f\u6838\u5fc3\u5ea6\u6765\u8861\u91cf\uff0c\u5357\u5b8b\u65f6\u671f\u6700\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u7891\u8bb0\u4f5c\u8005\u8bb8\u591a\u90fd\u6709\u7406\u5b66\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5dde\u53bf\u5b66\u7891\u8bb0\u4e2d\u7406\u5b66\u5185\u5bb9\u4e5f\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a(\u89c1\u4e0b\u8282)\uff0c\u8fd9\u6216\u8bb8\u591a\u5c11\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u5357\u5b8b\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u8457\u8ff0\u5728\u6587\u732e\u6d41\u4f20\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5c24\u62db\u9752\u7750\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5357\u5b8b\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u6587\u96c6\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7269\u7684\u6587\u96c6\u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u8f83\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u4fdd\u5b58\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0e\u90a3\u4e9b\u6587\u96c6\u6563\u4f5a\u6216\u4ec5\u5b58\u6b8b\u5e19\u7684\u5357\u5b8b\u4f5c\u8005\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u592a\u5bb9\u6613\u906d\u5230\u4f4e\u4f30\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6709\u5c11\u6570\u4f8b\u5916\uff0c\u603b\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4e2d\u4ecb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5ea6\u548c\u6838\u5fc3\u5ea6\u5206\u503c\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u786e\u591a\u662f\u6709\u6587\u96c6\u4f20\u4e16\u7684\u4eba\u7269(\u88685\u548c\u88686)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u53f2\u6599\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u504f\u5dee\u53ef\u80fd\u6216\u591a\u6216\u5c11\u5730\u653e\u5927\u4e86\u5357\u5b8b\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u7406\u7531\u8ba4\u4e3a\u672c\u8282\u6240\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u7edd\u975e\u4ec5\u7531\u53f2\u6599\u504f\u5dee\u5bfc\u81f4\u3002\u5982\u524d\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u53f2\u6599\u504f\u5dee\u5e38\u5e38\u4e0e\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u53d8\u5316\u4ea4\u7ec7\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\u4eba\u7269\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u96be\u514d\u4f1a\u56e0\u5176\u8457\u8ff0\u6563\u4f5a\u800c\u88ab\u4f4e\u4f30\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ece\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u770b\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u8457\u8ff0\u6563\u4f5a\u4e0e\u5426\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u4e0e\u4ed6\u751f\u524d\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5b9c\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u62ff\u53f2\u6599\u504f\u5dee\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u672c\u8282\u6240\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u5e94\u5c06\u4e24\u8005\u89c6\u4e3a\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\u73b0\u8c61(\u5373\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5728\u5357\u5b8b\u601d\u60f3\u754c\u5730\u4f4d\u62ac\u5347)\u9020\u6210\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5357\u5b8b\u65f6\u671f\u5728\u5404\u4e2a\u5b8f\u533a\u4e4b\u95f4\u5145\u5f53\u601d\u60f3\u6865\u6881\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u4e2d\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u504f\u591a\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5728\u601d\u60f3\u754c\u5360\u636e\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5730\u4f4d\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5176\u8457\u8ff0\u5f97\u4ee5\u5e7f\u6cdb\u6d41\u4f20\u548c\u5b8c\u6574\u4fdd\u5b58\uff0c\u8f6c\u800c\u4f7f\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u80fd\u591f\u8f83\u5bb9\u6613\u5730\u91cd\u6784\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f53\u65f6\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4ecd\u9700\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5728\u5357\u5b8b\u5b66\u8bb0\u64b0\u4f5c\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u663e\u8457\u5730\u4f4d\u8fd8\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u8eab\u5bf9\u5404\u5730\u5b98\u5b66\u7684\u6d53\u539a\u5174\u8da3\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u663e\u7136\u5c06\u64b0\u5199\u5dde\u53bf\u5b66\u7891\u8bb0\u89c6\u4f5c\u6269\u5927\u81ea\u8eab\u5b66\u672f\u5f71\u54cd\u3001\u5de9\u56fa\u81ea\u8eab\u5b66\u672f\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u8981\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e00\u4e0b\u5f88\u591a\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e3a\u5730\u65b9\u795e\u7960\u64b0\u5199\u7891\u8bb0\u7684\u51b7\u6de1\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u5c31\u975e\u5e38\u660e\u4e86\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_14.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6081\" width=\"899\" height=\"440\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_14.png 830w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_14-300x147.png 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_14-768x376.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 899px) 100vw, 899px\" \/><figcaption>\u56fe8&nbsp;\u6838\u5fc3\u4f5c\u8005\u4e3a\u5404\u5730\u5b98\u5b66\u6240\u64b0\u7891\u8bb0\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u60c5\u51b5\u793a\u610f\u56fe<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\"><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-normal-font-size\"><strong><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">(\u4e09)\u5b66\u672f\u7ebd\u5e26<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u80fd\u5728\u5357\u5b8b\u5730\u65b9\u5b98\u5b66\u7891\u8bb0\u7684\u5199\u4f5c\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u4e3e\u8db3\u8f7b\u91cd\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8981\u5f52\u529f\u4e8e\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5728\u5357\u5b8b\u601d\u60f3\u754c\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u53ca\u5176\u4e3a\u5dde\u53bf\u5b66\u4f5c\u8bb0\u7684\u6d53\u539a\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4e5f\u8981\u5f52\u529f\u4e8e\u5357\u5b8b\u4eba\u58eb\u5728\u659f\u914c\u7891\u8bb0\u4f5c\u8005\u4eba\u9009\u65f6\u5bf9\u5b66\u672f\u7ebd\u5e26\u7684\u770b\u91cd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b8b\u4ee3\u5dde\u53bf\u5b66\u7891\u8bb0\u4e2d\u8bb0\u8ff0\u7684\u8425\u9020\u5de5\u7a0b\u591a\u79cd\u591a\u6837\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5bf9\u5b98\u5b66\u5efa\u7b51\u7fa4\u4e2d\u5404\u79cd\u793c\u5236\u8bbe\u65bd\u548c\u6559\u5b66\u8bbe\u65bd\u7684\u65b0\u5efa\u3001\u7ef4\u4fee\u3001\u79fb\u5efa\u3001\u589e\u4fee\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8425\u9020\u5de5\u7a0b\u901a\u5e38\u7531\u591a\u65b9\u4eba\u58eb\u534f\u529b\u63a8\u52a8\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u65e2\u6709\u672c\u5730\u58eb\u5b50\u548c\u4e61\u5c45\u7684\u81f4\u4ed5\u5b98\u3001\u5f85\u6b21\u5b98\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u5728\u5730\u65b9\u5404\u7ea7\u884c\u653f\u673a\u6784\u4efb\u804c\u7684\u5b98\u5458\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u58eb\u6216\u9996\u5021\u5176\u8bae\u3001\u6216\u4fef\u4ece\u5176\u8bf7\uff0c\u6216\u51fa\u94b1\u4f50\u8d39\u3001\u6216\u9e20\u5de5\u5e80\u6750\uff0c\u6216\u638c\u5176\u51fa\u7eb3\u3001\u6216\u4eb2\u8463\u5176\u5f79\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5b9e\u9645\u53c2\u4e0e\u7684\u4eba\u5458\u6709\u591a\u5c11\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u603b\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\u6216\u51e0\u4f4d\u4eba\u7269\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5de5\u7a0b\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u6743\u4e14\u79f0\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e3a\u201c\u4e3b\u4e8b\u8005\u201d\u3002\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5b98\u5b66\u7891\u8bb0\u90fd\u5c06\u5730\u65b9\u5b98\u5458\u5949\u4e3a\u4e3b\u4e8b\u4e4b\u4eba\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u5dde\u53bf\u957f\u8d30\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u65f6\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6709\u5dde\u53bf\u5b66\u5b98\u3001\u8def\u5206\u76d1\u53f8\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u5b98\u50da\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e3b\u4e8b\u8005\u5b9e\u9645\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u56e0\u5730\u56e0\u65f6\u800c\u5f02\u2014\u2014\u6709\u65f6\u4ed6\u4eec\u9996\u5531\u5176\u8c0b\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ea\u662f\u9996\u80af\u5f53\u5730\u58eb\u4eba\u7684\u63d0\u8bae;\u6709\u65f6\u4ed6\u4eec\u6177\u6168\u6350\u4ff8\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u4ed6\u4eec\u5219\u4ec5\u4ec5\u8d1f\u8d23\u7edf\u7b79\u89c4\u5212\u548c\u76d1\u7763\u5de5\u7a0b\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002\u4e0d\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u540d\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5de5\u7a0b\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p 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term frequency)\u548c\u9006\u5411\u6587\u6863\u9891\u7387(IDF, inverse document 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class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"492\" height=\"830\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_16.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6083\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_16.png 492w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_16-178x300.png 178w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 492px) 100vw, 492px\" \/><figcaption>\u56fe9 (a)\u201c\u7406\u201d\u5b57\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u6bb5\u7684\u5dde\u53bf\u5b66\u7891\u8bb0\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6b21\u6570\u3002(b)\u5e73\u5747\u6bcf\u7bc7\u5dde\u53bf\u5b66\u7891\u8bb0\u4e2d\u201c\u7406\u201d\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\u3002(c)\u5e73\u5747\u6bcf\u7bc7\u5dde\u53bf\u5b66\u7891\u8bb0\u4e2d\u201c\u4eba\u5fc3\u201d\u201c\u5929\u7406\u201d\u4e24\u8bcd\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u804c\u662f\u4e4b\u6545\uff0c\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u91c7\u7528\u53cc\u5b57\u8bcd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5206\u6790\u5355\u4f4d\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u7b14\u8005\u5c06\u6bcf\u7bc7\u7891\u8bb0\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u524d\u540e\u76f8\u90bb\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u6c49\u5b57\u63d0\u53d6\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u5171\u5f97\u5230137,274\u4e2a\u53cc\u5b57\u7ec4\u5408(\u53732-gram)\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u7b14\u8005\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53cc\u5b57\u7ec4\u5408\u8fdb\u884c\u8fc7\u6ee4\u3002\u6700\u5148\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6389\u7684\u662f\u5305\u542b\u53e4\u6c49\u8bed\u865a\u8bcd\u6216\u5c11\u91cf\u5176\u4ed6\u5e38\u7528\u8bcd\u7684\u53cc\u5b57\u7ec4\u5408\u3002<sup>[64]<\/sup>\u5176\u6b21\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6389\u7684\u662f\u4e0e\u65e5\u671f\u3001\u5730\u65b9\u884c\u653f\u533a\u5212\u3001\u5de5\u7a0b\u8d26\u76ee\u6709\u5173\u7684\u53cc\u5b57\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u5176\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5728\u5bf9\u7891\u8bb0\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7c7b\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u56e0\u53d7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bcd\u6c47\u7684\u5e72\u6270\u800c\u5c06\u53bf\u5b66\u8bb0\u548c\u5dde\u5b66\u8bb0\u5206\u5f52\u4e24\u7c7b\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5c06\u64b0\u5199\u65f6\u95f4\u76f8\u4f3c\u6216\u5de5\u7a0b\u8d26\u76ee\u767b\u8f7d\u8f83\u4e3a\u7fd4\u5b9e\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u7891\u8bb0\u5355\u72ec\u5f52\u7c7b\u3002<sup>[65]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7b5b\u9009\u4e4b\u540e\u5171\u7559\u4e0b\u53cc\u5b57\u7ec4\u540895,977\u4e2a\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53cc\u5b57\u7ec4\u5408\u5f88\u591a\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5047\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cc\u5b57\u7ec4\u5408\u5728\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6b21\u6570\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u5b83\u5177\u6709\u5b9e\u9645\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u5c31\u8d8a\u5927<sup>[66]<\/sup>\u3002\u636e\u6b64\uff0c\u7b14\u8005\u9996\u5148\u7edf\u8ba1\u4e86\u6240\u670995,977\u4e2a\u53cc\u5b57\u7ec4\u5408\u5728\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6b21\u6570\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6309\u7167\u56fe10\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u7279\u5f81\u9009\u53d67\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e34\u754c\u503c\uff0c\u5c06\u5728\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\u4e0d\u53ca7\u6b21\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u53cc\u5b57\u7ec4\u5408\u6089\u6570\u5254\u9664\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6b64\u756a\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5269\u4e0b4,070\u4e2a\u53cc\u5b57\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53cc\u5b57\u7ec4\u5408\u5c31\u662f\u672c\u8282\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u4e49\u5355\u4f4d\u3002\u63a5\u7740\uff0c\u7b14\u8005\u5c06\u6bcf\u7bc7\u7891\u8bb0\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5411\u91cf\uff0c\u8be5\u5411\u91cf\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cc\u5b57\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u5176\u503c\u4fbf\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53cc\u5b57\u7ec4\u5408\u7684TF-IDF\u503c\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u7b14\u8005\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5411\u91cf\u5148\u8fdb\u884c\u964d\u7ef4\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u518d\u5229\u7528K-\u5747\u503c\u805a\u7c7b\u6cd5\u5c06\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u5168\u90e8773\u7bc7\u5730\u65b9\u5b98\u5b66\u7891\u8bb0\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u7ec4<sup>[67]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_17.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6084\" width=\"687\" height=\"321\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_17.png 830w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_17-300x140.png 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_17-768x359.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 687px) 100vw, 687px\" \/><figcaption>\u56fe10   \u6574\u4e2a\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4e2d\u53cc\u5b57\u7ec4\u5408\u7684\u9891\u6b21\u5206\u5e03<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_18.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6085\" width=\"691\" height=\"338\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_18.png 830w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_18-300x147.png 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_18-768x376.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 691px) 100vw, 691px\" \/><figcaption>\u56fe11 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style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Writing for Local Government Schools: Authors and Themes in Song-Dynasty School Inscriptions<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Chen Song<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\"><strong>Abstract:<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/span>A hallmark of the Song dynasty&#8217;s achievements was the creation of a national network of state-sponsored local schools. This engendered an exponential growth of commemorative inscriptions dedicated to local government schools. Many authors used these inscriptions as an avenue to expound and disseminate their visions of schools and education. Using the methods of network analysis and document clustering, this article analyzes all the inscriptions extant from Song times for local government schools. It reveals a structural schism in the diffusion of ideas between the Upper Yangzi and other regions of the Song. It also demonstrates the growing intellectual influence of Neo-Confucian ideologues that gradually overtook that of renowned prose-writers. Methodologically, this article provides an example of how diverse digital methods enable us to handle a large body of texts from multiple perspectives and invite us to explore connections we might not have otherwise thought of.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\"><strong>Keywords:<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/span>Local Government Schools; Neo-Confucianism; Network Analysis; Document Clustering; Song Dynasty<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\">\u7f16 \u8f91\u00a0 |\u00a0\u8d75\u8587<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u6ce8\u91ca:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[1]\u300a\u4e24\u671d\u7eb2\u76ee\u5907\u8981\u300b\u53775\uff0c\u53f0\u5317:\u6587\u6d77\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1967\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c25\u9875a;\u6ca7\u5dde\u6a35\u53df:\u300a\u5e86\u5143\u515a\u7981\u300b\u53771\uff0c\u5317\u4eac:\u4e2d\u534e\u4e66\u5c40\uff0c1985\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c27\u9875a;\u674e\u9053\u4f20:\u300a\u9053\u547d\u5f55\u300b\u53777\u4e0b\uff0c\u300a\u77e5\u4e0d\u8db3\u658b\u4e1b\u4e66\u300b\u672c\uff0c\u7b2c13\u9875a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[2]\u771f\u5fb7\u79c0\u5728\u4e3a\u5218\u5149\u7956\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\u5893\u5fd7\u94ed\u4e2d\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u7bc7\u7891\u8bb0\u7cfb\u4e3a\u6daa\u5dde\u6daa\u9675\u53bf\u5b66(\u5728\u4eca\u91cd\u5e86)\u6240\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u300a\u5b8b\u53f2\u00b7\u5218\u5149\u7956\u4f20\u300b\u5219\u79f0\u5218\u5149\u7956\u4e3a\u6daa\u5dde\u5dde\u5b66\u4f5c\u8bb0\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4ece\u9b4f\u4e86\u7fc1\u4e3a\u66fe\u77e5\u6daa\u57ce\u53bf\u7684\u6768\u4ee4\u572d\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\u5893\u5fd7\u94ed\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u5218\u5149\u7956\u7684\u8fd9\u7bc7\u7891\u8bb0\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u4e3a\u6f7c\u5ddd\u5e9c\u6daa\u57ce\u53bf\u7684\u53bf\u5b66\u64b0\u5199\u7684\u3002\u8131\u8131:\u300a\u5b8b\u53f2\u300b\u5377397\uff0c\u5317\u4eac:\u4e2d\u534e\u4e66\u5c40\uff0c1985\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c12100\u9875;\u771f\u5fb7\u79c0:\u300a\u5218\u9601\u5b66\u5893\u5fd7\u94ed\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u897f\u5c71\u5148\u751f\u771f\u6587\u5fe0\u516c\u6587\u96c6\u300b\u537743\uff0c\u300a\u56db\u90e8\u4e1b\u520a\u300b\u672c\uff0c\u7b2c14\u9875b;\u9b4f\u4e86\u7fc1:\u300a\u6c49\u5dde\u901a\u5224\u6768\u541b\u4ee4\u572d\u5893\u5fd7\u94ed\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u91cd\u6821\u9e64\u5c71\u5148\u751f\u5927\u5168\u6587\u96c6\u300b\u537784\uff0c\u300a\u56db\u90e8\u4e1b\u520a\u300b\u672c\uff0c\u7b2c12\u9875a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[3]\u675f\u666f\u5357:\u300a\u6731\u71b9\u5e74\u8c31\u957f\u7f16\u300b\u5377\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77:\u534e\u4e1c\u5e08\u8303\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2001\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c1353\u9875;\u6731\u71b9:\u300a\u7b54\u6797\u6b63\u592b\u6e5c\u300b\uff0c\u66fe\u67a3\u5e84\u3001\u5218\u7433\u4e3b\u7f16:\u300a\u5168\u5b8b\u6587\u300b\u7b2c246\u518c\u53775505\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77:\u4e0a\u6d77\u8f9e\u4e66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2006\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c32\u9875;\u53f6\u9002:\u300a\u4e2d\u5949\u5927\u592b\u76f4\u9f99\u56fe\u9601\u53f8\u519c\u537f\u6797\u516c\u5893\u5fd7\u94ed(\u6797\u6e5c)\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u5168\u5b8b\u6587\u300b\u7b2c286\u518c\u53776506\uff0c\u7b2c284\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[4]Thomas H. C. Lee,&nbsp;<em>Government Education and Examinations in Sung China<\/em>, New York: St. Martin&#8217;s Press, 1985; \u97e9\u51e4\u5c71:\u300a\u5510\u5b8b\u5b98\u5b66\u5236\u5ea6\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u4e1c\u5317\u5e08\u8303\u5927\u5b66\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u7cfb\uff0c2003\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[5]\u5468\u611a\u6587:\u300a\u5b8b\u4ee3\u7684\u5dde\u53bf\u5b66\u300b\uff0c\u53f0\u5317:\u53f0\u6e7e\u7f16\u8bd1\u9986\uff0c1996\u5e74;\u7530\u5fd7\u99a5:\u300a\u5b8b\u4ee3\u798f\u5efa\u5e99\u5b66\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5730\u7406\u5b66\u5206\u6790\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac:\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7ba1\u7406\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2016\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p 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class=\"has-small-font-size\">[14]\u9664\u4e86\u4ee5\u201c\u8bb0\u201d\u548c\u201c\u7891\u201d\u4e3a\u9898\u7684\u7bc7\u4ec0\u5916\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u8fd8\u5c06\u5f20\u6d5a\u7684\u300a\u65b0\u5b66\u95e8\u94ed\u300b\u548c\u5f20\u683b\u7684\u300a\u5357\u5251\u5dde\u5c24\u6eaa\u53bf\u5b66\u4f20\u5fc3\u9601\u94ed\u300b\u4e24\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u7eb3\u5165\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u7bc7\u6587\u5b57\u867d\u4ee5\u201c\u94ed\u201d\u4e3a\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5176\u94ed\u6587\u4e4b\u524d\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u7bc7\u8f83\u957f\u7684\u5e8f\u8a00\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u4eec\u548c\u4ee5\u201c\u8bb0\u201d\u6216\u201c\u7891\u201d\u4e3a\u9898\u7684\u7bc7\u4ec0\u6781\u4e3a\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002\u5f20\u6d5a:\u300a\u65b0\u5b66\u95e8\u94ed\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u5168\u5b8b\u6587\u300b\u7b2c188\u518c\u53774137\uff0c\u7b2c139\u9875;\u5f20\u683b:\u300a\u5357\u5251\u5dde\u5c24\u6eaa\u53bf\u5b66\u4f20\u5fc3\u9601\u94ed\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u5168\u5b8b\u6587\u300b\u7b2c255\u518c\u53775743\uff0c\u7b2c432\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p 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class=\"has-small-font-size\">[26]\u5173\u4e8e\u5357\u5b8b\u4e66\u9662\u53ca\u5176\u4e0e\u9053\u5b66\u7684\u5bc6\u5207\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u89c1\u9648\u96ef\u6021:\u300a\u7531\u5b98\u5b66\u5230\u4e66\u9662\u2014\u2014\u4ece\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0e\u7406\u5ff5\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u770b\u5b8b\u4ee3\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u300b\uff0c\u53f0\u5317:\u8054\u7ecf\u51fa\u7248\u516c\u53f8\uff0c2004\u5e74;Linda Walton,&nbsp;<em>Academies and Society in Southern Song China<\/em>, Honolulu: Hawai&#8217;i University Press, 1999.\u6709\u5173\u4e66\u9662\u53d1\u5c55\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u6982\u8ff0\uff0c\u53c2\u89c1\u674e\u56fd\u94a7\u4e3b\u7f16:\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e66\u9662\u53f2\u300b\uff0c\u957f\u6c99:\u6e56\u5357\u6559\u80b2\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1994\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p 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class=\"has-small-font-size\">[31]\u5510\u6587\u82e5:\u300a\u5b89\u5cb3\u53bf\u4fee\u5b66\u8bb0\u300b(\u7ecd\u5174\u5341\u4e09\u5e74\u4f5c)\uff0c\u300a\u5168\u5b8b\u6587\u300b\u7b2c199\u518c\u53774395\uff0c\u7b2c49\u9875\u3002\u67f4\u7ec2:\u300a\u5e90\u9675\u53bf\u4fee\u5b66\u5bab\u8bb0\u300b(\u7ecd\u5174\u5341\u56db\u5e74\u4f5c)\uff0c\u300a\u5168\u5b8b\u6587\u300b\u7b2c198\u518c\u53774380\uff0c\u7b2c197\u9875;\u5c39\u8eac:\u300a\u91cd\u4fee\u6c38\u65b0\u53bf\u5112\u5b66\u8bb0\u300b(\u7ecd\u5174\u5341\u4e94\u5e74\u4f5c)\uff0c\u300a\u5168\u5b8b\u6587\u300b\u7b2c179\u518c\u53773922\uff0c\u7b2c149\u9875;\u5b59\u89cc:\u300a\u4e34\u5b89\u5e9c\u4e34\u5b89\u53bf\u5b66\u8bb0\u300b(\u7ecd\u5174\u5341\u516d\u5e74\u4f5c)\uff0c\u300a\u5168\u5b8b\u6587\u300b\u7b2c160\u518c\u53773480\uff0c\u7b2c375\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[32]G. William Skinner\u201c, The Structure of Chinese History,\u201d<em>The Journal of Asian Studies<\/em>, vol. 44, no. 2, 1985, p. 280.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[33]\u8d3e\u5fd7\u626c\u5bf9\u5b8b\u4ee3\u79d1\u4e3e\u6750\u6599\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5730\u65b9\u4e00\u822c\u4e5f\u662f\u5b8b\u4ee3\u6587\u4eba\u6587\u5316\u5174\u76db\u4e4b\u5730\u3002John W. Chaffee,&nbsp;<em>The Thorny Gates of Learning in Sung China: A Social History of Examinations<\/em>, New York: State University of New York Press, 1995, pp. 119-156.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[34]Anthony Pak Wan-Hoi,\u201cTowards an Analytical Approach to the Landscape Essay: Textual Analysis of Liu Zongyuan&#8217;s Eight Records on Yongzhou,\u201din Kirk A. Denton ed.,&nbsp;<em>Crossing between Tradition and Modernity: Essays in Commemoration of Milena Dole\u017dalov\u00e1-Velingerov\u00e1 (1932-2012)<\/em>, Prague: Karolinum Press, 2017, pp. 61-85.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[35]\u94b1\u857e:\u300a\u5317\u5b8b\u8bb0\u4f53\u6587\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c82\u9875\u3002\u4f55\u674e:\u300a\u5510\u4ee3\u8bb0\u4f53\u6587\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c96\u2014106\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[36]\u94b1\u857e:\u300a\u5317\u5b8b\u8bb0\u4f53\u6587\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c82\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[37]\u9648\u5e08\u9053:\u300a\u540e\u5c71\u5c45\u58eb\u8bd7\u8bdd\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u767e\u5ddd\u5b66\u6d77\u300b\u672c\uff0c\u7b2c7\u9875a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p 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class=\"has-small-font-size\">[50]\u66fe\u67a3\u5e84:\u300a\u201c\u5ba2\u6e38\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u4e0d\u51fa\u50f0\u4e0e\u5df4\u201d\u2014\u2014\u6641\u516c\u6eaf\u53ca\u5176\u3008\u5d69\u5c71\u96c6\u3009\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u5929\u5e9c\u65b0\u8bba\u300b1989\u5e74\u7b2c6\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[51]\u738b\u60a6\u300a\u6f14\u5c71\u5148\u751f\u6587\u96c6\u5e8f\u300b\u8c13\u5176\u201c\u4ee5\u6587\u7ae0\u9e23\u4e8e\u4e16\u201d\uff0c\u89c1\u300a\u5168\u5b8b\u6587\u300b\u7b2c200\u518c\u53774429\uff0c\u7b2c322\u9875\u3002\u800c\u300a\u4e24\u5b8b\u540d\u8d24\u5c0f\u96c6\u300b(\u56db\u5e93\u5168\u4e66\u672c)\u79f0\u5176\u201c\u535a\u5b66\u5b8f\u8bcd\uff0c\u5c24\u9083\u793c\u7ecf\u201d\uff0c\u89c1\u5377105\u7b2c1\u9875a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[52]\u5173\u4e8e\u5bf9\u674e\u89cf\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u89c1\u8c22\u5584\u5143:\u300a\u674e\u89cf\u4e4b\u751f\u5e73\u53ca\u601d\u60f3\u300b\uff0c\u53f0\u5317:\u4e1c\u5927\u56fe\u4e66\u516c\u53f8\uff0c1991\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[53]\u300a\u5b8b\u53f2\u300b\u5377421\uff0c\u7b2c12591\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[54]Charles Hartman\u201c, The Making of a Villain: Ch&#8217;in Kuei and Tao-hs\u00fceh,\u201d<em>Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies<\/em>, vol. 58, no. 1, 1998, pp. 59-146<em>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[55]\u674e\u66fc:\u300a\u79fb\u5efa\u5b54\u5b50\u5e99\u8bb0\u300b(\u7ecd\u5723\u5143\u5e74\u4f5c)\uff0c\u300a\u5168\u5b8b\u6587\u300b\u7b2c80\u518c\u53771759\uff0c\u7b2c374\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p 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class=\"has-small-font-size\">[58]\u6731\u71b9:\u300a\u5efa\u5eb7\u5e9c\u5b66\u660e\u9053\u5148\u751f\u7960\u8bb0\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u5168\u5b8b\u6587\u300b\u7b2c 252 \u518c\u5377 5653\uff0c\u7b2c 61\u201462 \u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[59]\u738b\u9042\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u601d\u60f3\u89c1\u4e8e\u53f2\u6599\u751a\u5c11\u800c\u9887\u591a\u62b5\u727e\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u9ec4\u9707\u66fe\u5e08\u4ece\u738b\u9042\uff0c\u800c\u9707\u4e4b\u4e3a\u5b66\u9887\u5b97\u6731\u71b9\u3002\u89c1\u9ec4\u9707: \u300a\u796d\u6d59\u897f\u63d0\u4e3e\u5b9e\u658b\u738b\u5148\u751f\u6587\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u5168\u5b8b\u6587\u300b\u7b2c 348 \u518c\u5377 8058\uff0c\u7b2c 396 \u9875\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u300a\u5b8b\u53f2\u300b\u8c13\u738b\u9042\u201c\u4e0e\u540c\u91cc \u5218\u5bb0\u7d20\u540c\u5fd7\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u9ec4\u5b97\u7fb2\u4ee5\u5bb0\u4e3a\u5f20\u683b\u95e8\u4eba\u6e38\u4e5d\u8a00\u4e4b\u5f1f\u5b50\uff0c\u6545\u5e76\u5217\u738b\u5218\u4e8c\u4eba\u4e8e\u201c\u6e38\u6c0f\u95e8\u4eba\u201d\u4e0b\uff0c\u89c6\u4e3a\u5f20\u683b\u518d\u4f20\u3002\u89c1\u300a\u5b8b\u53f2\u300b\u5377 415\uff0c\u7b2c 12462 \u9875;\u9ec4\u5b97\u7fb2:\u300a\u5b8b\u5143\u5b66\u6848\u300b\u5377 71\uff0c\u5317\u4eac:\u4e2d\u534e\u4e66\u5c40\uff0c1986 \u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c 2365 \u9875\u3001 \u7b2c 2368 \u9875\u3001\u7b2c 2400 \u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[60]\u672c\u8282\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5206\u6790\u662f\u4f7f\u7528 Exploratory Desktop \u8f6f\u4ef6 5.3.1 \u7248\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u89c1 https:\/\/exploratory.io\/\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[61]\u5173\u4e8e\u4e2d\u6587\u5207\u8bcd\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u53ef\u53c2\u89c1Peng-HsuanLi,Tsu-JuiFu,andWei-YunMa\u201c, RemedyingBiLSTM-CNN Deficiency in Modeling Cross-Context for NER,\u201darXiv:1908.11046 [cs.CL]. August 29, 2019\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[62]\u6bd4 \u5982\uff0cPaul Vierthaler\u201c, Fiction and History: Polarity and Stylistic Gradience in Late Imperial Chinese Literature,\u201d&nbsp;<em>Cultural Analytics<\/em>, May 23, 2016 \u53ca Donald Sturgeon\u201c, Digital Approaches to Text Reuse in the Early Chinese Corpus,\u201d<em>Journal of Chinese Literature and Culture<\/em>, vol. 5, no. 2, 2018, pp. 186-213\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[63]\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u201c\u5927\u7406\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53cc\u5b57\u590d\u5408\u8bcd\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6307\u897f\u5357\u8fb9\u9672\u7684\u5927\u7406\u653f\u6743\uff0c\u4f46\u5c31\u672c\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u6d89\u53f2\u6599\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u201c\u5927\u7406\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u663e\u7136\u5f88\u5c11\u7528\u4e8e\u6b64\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p 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class=\"has-small-font-size\">[67]K-\u5747\u503c\u805a\u7c7b\u6cd5\u6309\u7167\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u5c06\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5411\u91cf\u5316\u6587\u6863\u81ea\u52a8\u5212\u5206\u4e3ak\u4e2a\u805a\u7c7b\u3002\u5176\u57fa\u672c\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u6b21\u8fed\u4ee3\u5b9e\u73b0\u6bcf\u4e2a\u805a\u7c7b\u5185\u90e8\u6240\u6709\u6587\u6863\u4e0e\u8be5\u805a\u7c7b\u4e2d\u5fc3\u70b9\u7684\u6b27\u5f0f\u8ddd\u79bb\u5e73\u65b9\u548c\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u3002\u805a\u7c7b\u7684\u6570\u91cf(k)\u662f\u9884\u5148\u8bbe\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u5c06k\u503c\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e3a3\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u6570\u503c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e0d\u540ck\u503c\u4e0b\u7684\u805a\u7c7b\u7ed3\u679c\u5e76\u53c2\u8003\u8098\u90e8\u6cd5\u5219(Elbow Method)\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[68]\u5728\u64b0\u5199\u4e8e1020\u20141039\u5e74\u95f4\u768416\u7bc7\u7891\u8bb0\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e24\u7bc7\u4f5c\u4e8e1020\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u7bc7\u5747\u88ab\u5f52\u5165A\u7ec4\uff0c\u800c\u88ab\u5f52\u5165B\u7ec4\u7684\u4e94\u7bc7\u7891\u8bb0\u5219\u5168\u90e8\u521b\u4f5c\u4e8e1035\u20141039\u5e74\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[69]\u7956\u65e0\u62e9:\u300a\u8521\u5dde\u65b0\u5efa\u5b66\u8bb0\u300b(\u666f\u7950\u4e8c\u5e74\u4f5c)\uff0c\u300a\u5168\u5b8b\u6587\u300b\u7b2c43\u518c\u5377935\uff0c\u7b2c317\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p 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