{"id":6092,"date":"2021-05-10T14:40:00","date_gmt":"2021-05-10T06:40:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/?p=6092"},"modified":"2024-04-04T01:33:18","modified_gmt":"2024-04-03T17:33:18","slug":"%e9%95%87%e5%86%80%e4%b9%8b%e9%97%b4%ef%bc%8c%e8%87%aa%e4%b8%ba%e4%b8%80%e7%a7%a6%e4%b8%ad%e6%99%9a%e5%94%90%e6%b2%b3%e5%8c%97%e8%97%a9%e9%95%87%e4%ba%ba%e5%91%98%e5%a4%96%e6%b5%81","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/site\/works\/dhjournal\/202004\/6092.html","title":{"rendered":"\u201c\u9547\u5180\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u81ea\u4e3a\u4e00\u79e6\u201d:\u4e2d\u665a\u5510\u6cb3\u5317\u85e9\u9547\u4eba\u5458\u5916\u6d41\u7684\u91cf\u5316\u5206\u6790"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u5c1a\u95fb\u4e00  \u6881\u5174\u5803<strong>&nbsp;<\/strong>\uff1b \u8f6c\u81ea\uff1a\u516c\u4f17\u53f7 DH\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong><span style=\"color:#60569a\" 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Hicks)\u6307\u51fa:\u201c\u5728\u53f2\u5b66\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5206\u652f\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u5bfb\u6c42\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002\u201d<sup>[7]<\/sup>\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u201d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u91cf\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\u4fbf\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u81ea\u7136\u800c\u7136\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u8ba1\u91cf\u53f2\u5b66\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u6e0a\u6e90\uff0c\u53c8\u53d7\u56f0\u4e8e\u6750\u6599\u7684\u6709\u9650\u6027\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u91cf\u5316\u53f2\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u5f80\u5f80\u5728\u8303\u7574\u4e0a\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53f2\u9886\u57df\u3001\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0a\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u8fd1\u73b0\u4ee3\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u4f46\u572821\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u6280\u672f\u624b\u6bb5\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd(digital infrastructure)\u7684\u65e5\u76ca\u5b8c\u5584\uff0c\u91cf\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u4e86\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5e7f\u7684\u9002\u7528\u8303\u56f4;\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5728\u4fe1\u606f\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u4e5f\u5c06\u51fa\u73b0\u67d0\u79cd\u201c\u4fe1\u606f\u8f6c\u5411\u201d\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5c06\u201c\u63a8\u52a8\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e\u5927\u6570\u636e\u8ba1\u7b97\u601d\u7ef4\u4e0a\u7684\u65b0\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u201d\u3002<sup>[8]<\/sup>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u65b0\u53f2\u5b66\u88ab\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u7684\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u5bf9\u91cf\u5316\u53f2\u5b66\u7684\u5c04\u7a0b\u52a0\u4ee5\u91cd\u65b0\u8003\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u672c\u6587\u5c1d\u8bd5\u8d8a\u51fa\u91cf\u5316\u53f2\u5b66\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u7814\u7a76\u5c04\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e2d\u665a\u5510\u6cb3\u5317\u85e9\u9547\u5411\u4e2d\u592e\u7684\u4eba\u5458\u5916\u6d41\u5f3a\u5ea6\u4e3a\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u8003\u5bdf\u4e2d\u665a\u5510\u6cb3\u5317\u85e9\u9547\u4eba\u5458\u5916\u6d41\u7684\u5c01\u95ed\u6027\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u5bf9\u5176\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\u52a0\u4ee5\u63a2\u8ba8\u3002\u9700\u8981\u7279\u522b\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u85e9\u9547\u4eba\u5458\u5411\u5916\u754c\u7684\u6d41\u51fa\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5916\u754c\u4eba\u5458\u6d41\u5165\u3002<sup>[9]<\/sup>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u85e9\u9547\u4eba\u5458\u5916\u6d41\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u53d6\u81ea\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u4ee3\u4eba\u7269\u4f20\u8bb0\u6570\u636e\u5e93(CBDB)\uff0c<sup>[10]<\/sup>\u8fd9\u4e00\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5438\u6536\u4e86\u5404\u7c7b\u53f2\u6599\u3001\u5893\u5fd7\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u6240\u5f55\u4eba\u7269\u4ee5\u6587\u58eb\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5305\u542b\u5176\u7737\u5c5e\u53ca\u6b66\u4eba\u3002<sup>[11]<\/sup>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u201c\u4eba\u5458\u5916\u6d41\u201d\uff0c\u5e94\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u4ee5\u58eb\u4eba\u9636\u5c42\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0a\u5c42\u4eba\u58eb\u7684\u5916\u6d41\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u6d89\u53ca\u8bf8\u5982\u5546\u4eba\u3001\u50e7\u9053\u3001\u90e8\u66f2\u3001\u5974\u5a62\u7b49\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u4e0b\u5c42\u4eba\u58eb\u7684\u5916\u6d41\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5177\u4f53\u5730\uff0c\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u5229\u7528\u5b89\u53f2\u4e4b\u4e71(755)\u81f3\u5510\u671d\u706d\u4ea1(907)\uff0c153\u5e74\u95f412\u4e2a\u85e9\u9547\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u9762\u677f\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u56de\u5f52\u5206\u6790\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u91cf\u5316\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8003\u5bdf\u6cb3\u5317\u85e9\u9547\u5411\u4e2d\u592e\u7684\u4eba\u5458\u5916\u6d41\u7684\u5bc6\u96c6\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0a\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0a\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u5e76\u5206\u6790\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u5316\u4e0e\u5dee\u5f02\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u672c\u6587\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5bf9\u4e2d\u665a\u5510\u6cb3\u5317\u85e9\u9547\u7684\u5c01\u95ed\u4e0e\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u56de\u987e\uff0c\u660e\u786e\u7814\u7a76\u80cc\u666f\u5e76\u5bf9\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u732e\u8fdb\u884c\u7b80\u8981\u68b3\u7406\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u52fe\u52d2\u51fa\u7814\u7a76\u5047\u8bbe;\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\u5bf9\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8ba1\u91cf\u6a21\u578b\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u6d4b\u91cf\u548c\u6570\u636e\u6765\u6e90\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u8bf4\u660e;\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u5448\u73b0\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ed3\u679c\u8fdb\u884c\u7b80\u8981\u8ba8\u8bba\u5206\u6790;\u6700\u540e\u5219\u662f\u672c\u6587\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u4e0e\u53cd\u601d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u4e00\u3001\u957f\u5b89\u4e0e\u6cb3\u5317\u4e4b\u95f4:\u4e2d\u665a\u5510\u6cb3\u5317\u85e9\u9547\u7684\u5c01\u95ed\u4e0e\u5f02\u8d28<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e2d\u665a\u5510\u6cb3\u5317\u85e9\u9547\u7684\u5c01\u95ed\u4e0e\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u9648\u5bc5\u606a\u5728\u300a\u5510\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u53f2\u8ff0\u8bba\u7a3f\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\u6781\u5177\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u3002\u9648\u6c0f\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6cb3\u5317\u85e9\u9547\u7684\u201c\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u519b\u4e8b\u3001\u8d22\u653f\u7b49\u4e0e\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u56fa\u65e0\u96b6\u5c5e\u4e4b\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5176\u6c11\u95f4\u793e\u4f1a\u4ea6\u672a\u6df1\u53d7\u6c49\u65cf\u6587\u5316\u4e4b\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5373\u4e0d\u4ee5\u957f\u5b89\u3001\u6d1b\u9633\u4e4b\u5468\u5b54\u540d\u6559\u53ca\u79d1\u4e3e\u4ed5\u8fdb\u4e3a\u5176\u5b89\u8eab\u7acb\u547d\u4e4b\u5f52\u5bbf\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5168\u65b9\u4f4d\u7684\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u957f\u5b89\u5929\u5b50\u4e0e\u6cb3\u5317\u9547\u5c06\u4e3a\u5bf9\u7acb\u4e0d\u540c\u4e4b\u4e8c\u96c6\u56e2\u9996\u9886\u201d\u3002<sup>[12]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u957f\u671f\u5272\u636e\u7684\u6cb3\u5317\u85e9\u9547\u7684\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\uff0c\u738b\u5bff\u5357\u5728\u65e9\u57281969\u5e74\u521d\u7248\u7684\u300a\u5510\u4ee3\u85e9\u9547\u4e0e\u4e2d\u592e\u5173\u7cfb\u4e4b\u7814\u7a76\u300b\u4e2d\u5c31\u4ece\u6b66\u529b\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u6587\u5316\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u9610\u8ff0\u3002<sup>[13]<\/sup>\u65b9\u79ef\u516d\u548c\u5f20\u56fd\u521a\u5219\u5206\u522b\u8003\u5bdf\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6cb3\u6714\u4e09\u9547\u5f97\u4ee5\u957f\u671f\u5272\u636e\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u65b9\u6c0f\u5206\u519b\u4e8b\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u56e0\u7d20\u3001\u6c11\u65cf\u5173\u7cfb\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u52a0\u4ee5\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c<sup>[14]<\/sup>\u5f20\u6c0f\u5219\u5206\u6cb3\u6714\u65b9\u9762\u3001\u5510\u5ef7\u65b9\u9762\u548c\u8fb9\u7586\u5f62\u52bf\u8fdb\u884c\u68b3\u7406\u3002<sup>[15]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\u6df1\u523b\u5730\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u7531\u6cb3\u5317\u5411\u957f\u5b89\u7684\u4eba\u5458\u5916\u6d41\u3002\u9648\u5bc5\u606a\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6cb3\u5317\u5730\u533a\u201c\u5b89\u53f2\u4e71\u540e\u5df2\u6ca6\u4e3a\u80e1\u5316\u85e9\u9547\u4e4b\u533a\u57df\u201d\uff0c\u5c71\u4e1c\u58eb\u4eba\u9009\u62e9\u201c\u820d\u5f03\u7956\u5b97\u4e4b\u575f\u5893\u6545\u5730\uff0c\u800c\u6539\u846c\u4e8e\u674e\u5510\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u6240\u5728\u4e4b\u957f\u5b89\u6216\u6d1b\u9633\u201d\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u201c\u7406\u6240\u5fc5\u81f4\u201d;<sup>[16]<\/sup>\u5728\u9648\u6c0f\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u6bdb\u6c49\u5149\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u547d\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5168\u9762\u5ef6\u5c55\u4e0e\u63a8\u8fdb\uff0c\u5e7f\u53d6\u5730\u671b\u5728\u4e24\u4eac\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u5341\u59d313\u5bb6\uff0c\u8003\u5bdf\u5176\u7c4d\u8d2f\u81ea\u6cb3\u5317\u8fc1\u51fa\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0e\u5730\u70b9\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u5b89\u53f2\u4e4b\u4e71\u5bf9\u6b64\u524d\u5df2\u7136\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u8fc1\u5f99\u98ce\u6f6e\u201c\u6709\u50ac\u4fc3\u4f5c\u7528\u201d\uff0c\u52a0\u901f\u4e86\u5c71\u4e1c\u58eb\u4eba\u5411\u4e24\u4eac\u7684\u64ad\u8fc1\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5f97\u201c\u5510\u671d\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u57fa\u7840\u5c06\u65e5\u76ca\u8584\u5f31\u201d\u3002<sup>[17]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6cb3\u5317\u58eb\u4eba\u5411\u4e24\u4eac\u7684\u8fc1\u5f99\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6cb3\u5317\u85e9\u9547\u53ef\u7528\u4e4b\u6587\u58eb\u7684\u663e\u8457\u51cf\u5c11\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ef4\u7cfb\u5176\u201c\u81ea\u4e3a\u4e00\u79e6\u201d\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\uff0c\u85e9\u9547\u8282\u5e05\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u7740\u610f\u5ef6\u63fd\u5728\u201c\u957f\u5b89\u6587\u5316\u533a\u57df\u5185\u6709\u91ce\u5fc3\u800c\u4e0d\u5f97\u610f\u4e4b\u4eba\u201d<sup>[18]<\/sup>\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5728\u5176\u9886\u5185\u7684\u58eb\u4eba\u517c\u7528\u8f6f\u786c\u624b\u8155\u9650\u5236\u5176\u79bb\u5883\u3002\u5bf9\u6b64\uff0c\u725f\u53d1\u677e\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u5efa\u4e2d\u4e4b\u4e71\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u9547\u5180\u8282\u5ea6\u4f7f\u738b\u6b66\u4fca\u901a\u8fc7\u5f3a\u5316\u9547\u5185\u4eba\u5458\u5916\u6d41\u7684\u5c01\u95ed\u6027\uff0c\u4e3a\u85e9\u9547\u957f\u671f\u7ef4\u6301\u7a33\u5b9a\u4e0e\u72ec\u7acb\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u4eba\u624d\u57fa\u7840<sup>[19]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6cb3\u5317\u85e9\u9547\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u4e0e\u72ec\u7acb\u4ee5\u4eba\u5458\u5916\u6d41\u5c01\u95ed\u6027\u5efa\u6784\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u5f97\u6cb3\u5317\u85e9\u9547\u7684\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\u5f97\u4ee5\u4f20\u9012\u5230\u4e94\u4ee3\u65f6\u671f\u3002\u738b\u8d53\u6b66\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u4e94\u4ee3\u627f\u7ee7\u4e86\u665a\u5510\u7684\u201c\u8282\u5ea6\u4f7f\u4f53\u5236\u201d\uff0c\u5ef6\u7eed\u6cb3\u5317\u85e9\u9547\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u5c06\u6cb3\u5317\u58eb\u4eba\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6587\u804c\u5b98\u5458\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41<sup>[20]<\/sup>\u3002\u4e0e\u4e24\u4eac\u5728\u5730\u7406\u4e0a\u963b\u9694\u3001\u4ece\u800c\u5728\u6587\u5316\u4e0a\u758f\u79bb\u7684\u6cb3\u5317\u58eb\u4eba\u504f\u91cd\u540f\u4e8b\u800c\u975e\u5d07\u5c1a\u8bcd\u79d1\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u6cb3\u5317\u85e9\u9547\u3001\u7ee7\u800c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e94\u4ee3\u738b\u671d\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6587\u804c\u7edf\u6cbb\u9636\u5c42\u3002\u5bf9\u6b64\uff0c\u6bdb\u6c49\u5149\u901a\u8fc7\u7edf\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f97\u51fa\uff0c\u540e\u5510\u4e00\u671d\u6cb3\u5317\u6587\u5b98\u5360\u6bd4\u8fbe\u523033.5%\uff0c\u5448\u201c\u4e00\u679d\u72ec\u79c0\u73b0\u8c61\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u4e4b\u603b\u7ed3\u4e3a\u201c\u2018\u5173\u4e2d\u672c\u4f4d\u2019\u74e6\u89e3\u540e\uff0c\u6cb3\u5317\u4f18\u52bf\u7684\u6ee5\u89de\u201d<sup>[21]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u5b66\u754c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6cb3\u5317\u85e9\u9547\u4e0e\u5510\u5ef7\u4e4b\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u63a8\u8fdb\uff0c\u6cb3\u5317\u85e9\u9547\u4e0e\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u4e92\u52a8\u4e5f\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u3002\u674e\u78a7\u598d\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u5728\u5b89\u53f2\u4e4b\u4e71\u7684\u51b2\u51fb\u4e0b\uff0c\u5510\u5ef7\u4e3a\u4e86\u5e94\u5bf9\u653f\u6cbb\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u6709\u610f\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u85e9\u9547\u4f53\u5236\u5e76\u5728\u5176\u540e\u4e0d\u65ad\u8c03\u6574\u800c\u6700\u7ec8\u5b9a\u578b<sup>[22]<\/sup>\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ec7\u9e7f\u9e23\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u603b\u7ed3:\u5728\u5b89\u53f2\u4e4b\u4e71\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u201c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u7a46\u5b97\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u671d\u5ef7\u4e0e\u85e9\u9547\u4e4b\u95f4\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u8f83\u4e3a\u6709\u6548\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8fd0\u4f5c\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u7ef4\u6301\u4e86\u957f\u671f\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u201c\u53cc\u65b9\u95f4\u7684\u535a\u5f08\u4e0e\u5236\u8861\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a33\u5b9a\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u201d<sup>[23]<\/sup>\u3002\u5b5f\u5f66\u5f18\u8be6\u7ec6\u68b3\u7406\u4e86\u5bf9\u6cb3\u6714\u85e9\u9547\u5728\u59d1\u606f\u4e0e\u7528\u5175\u4e4b\u95f4\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e76\u6307\u51fa\u5510\u5ef7\u5728\u5baa\u5b97\u7528\u5175\u540e\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u201c\u653e\u5f03\u6cb3\u6714\uff0c\u63a7\u5236\u5176\u4f59\u201d\u7684\u85e9\u9547\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e0e\u6cb3\u6714\u85e9\u9547\u5171\u540c\u7ef4\u62a4\u7684\u201c\u6cb3\u6714\u6545\u4e8b\u201d<sup>[24]<\/sup>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u4e5f\u4f1a\u63a8\u52a8\u5bf9\u5c01\u95ed\u4e0e\u963b\u9694\u7684\u5316\u89e3\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u9646\u626c\u57fa\u4e8e\u6cb3\u5317\u58eb\u4eba\u51af\u9053\u7684\u751f\u6daf\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u665a\u5510\u653f\u6cbb\u6587\u5316\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u957f\u5b89\uff0c\u4f1a\u5c06\u5176\u6e05\u6d41\u6587\u5316\u5411\u4f5c\u4e3a\u653f\u6cbb\u6587\u5316\u8fb9\u7f18\u7684\u6cb3\u5317\u5730\u533a\u6269\u6563<sup>[25]<\/sup>\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6587\u5316\u7684\u6269\u6563\u4e5f\u5bf9\u4eba\u5458\u5916\u6d41\u6709\u7740\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e00\u89d2\u5ea6\u89c2\u5bdf\u58eb\u4eba\u6e38\u5ba6\u6cb3\u6714\u3001\u5165\u5e55\u85e9\u9547\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u5bf9\u4e0d\u5c11\u58eb\u4eba\u4ece\u5e55\u5e9c\u4e2d\u8fc1\u51fa\u4efb\u5b98<sup>[26]<\/sup>\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u80fd\u8bf4\u660e\u957f\u5b89\u4e0e\u6cb3\u5317\u4e4b\u95f4\u5728\u963b\u9694\u4e0e\u5bf9\u6297\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u3001\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u4e0e\u540c\u8d28\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6d77\u5916\u5b66\u754c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u540c\u6837\u503c\u5f97\u7559\u610f\u3002\u85e9\u9547\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u65e5\u672c\u5b66\u754c\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\uff0c\u56f4\u7ed5\u201c\u85e9\u9547\u7684\u6743\u529b\u6784\u9020\u201d\u548c\u201c\u85e9\u9547\u8f9f\u53ec\u5236\u4e0e\u5e55\u804c\u5b98\u7814\u7a76\u201d\u4e24\u5927\u4e3b\u9898\uff0c\u5728\u6218\u540e\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u7ec6\u81f4\u7814\u7a76\u3002<sup>[27]<\/sup>\u8c2d\u51ef(Nicolas Tackett)\u5219\u5728\u300a\u4e2d\u53e4\u4e2d\u56fd\u95e8\u9600\u5927\u65cf\u7684\u6d88\u4ea1\u300b(<em>The Destruction of the Medieval Chinese Aristocracy<\/em>)\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u521b\u65b0\u6027\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u5b57\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u5730\u7406\u4fe1\u606f\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u7b49\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5efa\u6784\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u8c2d\u51ef\u53cd\u9a73\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u85e9\u9547\u5272\u636e\u201c\u53bb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5316\u201d(decentralization)\u4fc3\u6210\u95e8\u9600\u5927\u65cf\u6d88\u4ea1\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u95e8\u9600\u5927\u65cf\u5728\u201c\u518d\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5316\u201d(recentralization)\u8d77\u5230\u7684\u4f5c\u7528<sup>[28]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u524d\u8ff0\u8bf8\u5bb6\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u5c1d\u8bd5\u901a\u8fc7\u91cf\u5316\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u4e2d\u665a\u5510\u6cb3\u5317\u85e9\u9547\u4eba\u5458\u5916\u6d41\u7684\u8003\u5bdf\uff0c\u5bf9\u5176\u4e0e\u4ee5\u4e24\u4eac\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u5510\u671d\u4e2d\u592e\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u4ee5\u68c0\u8ba8\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u7814\u7a76\u5047\u8bbe:(1)\u85e9\u9547\u7684\u5272\u636e\u4e0e\u85e9\u9547\u7684\u4eba\u5458\u5916\u6d41\u5c01\u95ed\u6027\u76f8\u5173;(2)\u85e9\u9547\u8282\u5ea6\u4f7f\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u7279\u5f81(\u65cf\u5c5e\u3001\u7c4d\u8d2f\u3001\u662f\u5426\u4e16\u88ad)\u4e0e\u85e9\u9547\u7684\u4eba\u5458\u5916\u6d41\u5c01\u95ed\u6027\u76f8\u5173;(3)\u85e9\u9547\u7684\u8fdb\u58eb\u5f3a\u5ea6(\u51fa\u81ea\u85e9\u9547\u7684\u8fdb\u58eb\u4eba\u6570\u5360\u5168\u56fd\u7684\u6bd4\u91cd\u9664\u4ee5\u85e9\u9547\u4eba\u53e3\u5360\u5168\u56fd\u7684\u6bd4\u91cd)\u4e0e\u85e9\u9547\u7684\u4eba\u5458\u5916\u6d41\u5c01\u95ed\u6027\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u5047\u8bbe(1)\u5173\u6ce8\u85e9\u9547\u7684\u201c\u653f\u6cbb\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\u201d\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u5047\u8bbe(2)\u540c\u65f6\u5173\u6ce8\u85e9\u9547\u7684\u201c\u653f\u6cbb\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\u201d\u548c\u201c\u6587\u5316\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\u201d\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u5047\u8bbe(3)\u5173\u6ce8\u85e9\u9547\u7684\u201c\u6587\u5316\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5047\u8bbe\u52a0\u4ee5\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u4e0d\u8bd5\u56fe\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e2a\u6848\u6765\u89c2\u5bdf\u6cb3\u5317\u85e9\u9547\u7684\u4eba\u5458\u5916\u6d41\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u8f83\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u6784\u5efa\u4e2d\u665a\u5510\u9636\u6bb5\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e74\u4efd\u85e9\u9547\u4e0e\u5916\u754c\u4eba\u5458\u5916\u6d41\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6\u503c\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e2d\u665a\u5510\u85e9\u9547\u4eba\u5458\u5916\u6d41\u5c01\u95ed\u6027\u7684\u6d41\u53d8\u548c\u4e0d\u540c\u85e9\u9547\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fd9\u79cd\u5c01\u95ed\u6027\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u5e76\u5206\u6790\u5f71\u54cd\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6d41\u53d8\u548c\u5dee\u5f02\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c2\u5bdf\u548c\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u8bd5\u56fe\u4ee5\u201c\u4eba\u5458\u5916\u6d41\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u4ecb\u4e8e\u653f\u6cbb\u53f2\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u53f2\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u521b\u65b0\u6027\u5730\u540c\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u8f83\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u4eba\u5458\u5916\u6d41\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4f9d\u9760\u91cf\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u5bf9\u4e2d\u665a\u5510\u6cb3\u5317\u85e9\u9547\u5c01\u95ed\u6027\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u5b8f\u89c2\u5730\u89c2\u5bdf\uff0c\u53cd\u601d\u201c\u9547\u5180\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u81ea\u4e3a\u4e00\u79e6\u201d\u8bba\u65ad\u7684\u6548\u529b\u4e0e\u8fb9\u754c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u4e8c\u3001\u6a21\u578b\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u8bf4\u660e<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">(\u4e00)\u6a21\u578b\u8bbe\u5b9a\u548c\u53d8\u91cf\u9009\u53d6<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u5bf9\u7814\u7a76\u5047\u8bbe\u52a0\u4ee5\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3001\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u665a\u5510\u85e9\u9547\u4eba\u5458\u5916\u6d41\u5c01\u95ed\u6027\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4e0a\u8d77755\u5e74\uff0c\u4e0b\u8bab907\u5e74\u7684153\u5e74\u95f412\u4e2a\u85e9\u9547\u7684\u9762\u677f\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u56de\u5f52\u5206\u6790\u3002\u9762\u677f\u6570\u636e\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u8de8\u5ea6\u4ee5\u5b89\u53f2\u4e4b\u4e71\u7206\u53d1\u7684755\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ee5\u5510\u671d\u706d\u4ea1\u7684907\u5e74\u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5e74\u4efd\uff0c\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u9009\u53d6\u5982\u4e0b\u85e9\u9547:\u7b2c\u4e00\u7c7b\uff0c\u6700\u5177\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u7684\u6cb3\u5317\u85e9\u9547:\u201c\u6cb3\u6714\u4e09\u9547\u201d\u2014\u2014\u9b4f\u535a\u3001\u9547\u5180\u3001\u5e7d\u5dde;\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7c7b\uff0c\u540c\u5728\u6cb3\u5317\u9053\u5883\u5185\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u85e9\u9547\u2014\u2014\u6613\u5b9a\u3001\u6ca7\u666f\u548c\u6cfd\u6f5e\u5728\u592a\u884c\u5c71\u4ee5\u4e1c\u7684\u90e8\u5206(\u90a2\u3001\u6d3a\u3001\u78c1\u4e09\u5dde\uff0c\u4e0b\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u90a2\u6d3a\u201d);\u7b2c\u4e09\u7c7b\uff0c\u4e0d\u5728\u6cb3\u5317\u9053\u5883\u5185\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0e\u6cb3\u5317\u9053\u540c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u957f\u5b89\u4e1c\u5317\u65b9\u5411\u3001\u5f02\u8d28\u4e8e\u4e24\u4eac\u6838\u5fc3\u533a\u7684\u6cb3\u4e1c\u9053\u548c\u6cb3\u5357\u9053\u4e1c\u5317\u90e8\u85e9\u9547(\u5373\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u5c71\u897f\u548c\u5c71\u4e1c\u5730\u533a)<sup>[29]<\/sup>\u2014\u2014\u6cb3\u4e1c\u9053\u7684\u6cb3\u4e1c\u3001\u6cb3\u4e2d\u3001\u6cfd\u6f5e\u5728\u592a\u884c\u5c71\u4ee5\u897f\u7684\u90e8\u5206(\u6cfd\u3001\u6f5e\u4e8c\u5dde)\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6cb3\u5357\u9053\u4e1c\u5317\u90e8\u7684\u6dc4\u9752\u3001\u90d3\u66f9\u3001\u5156\u6d77\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u6613\u5b9a\u3001\u6ca7\u666f\u4e8c\u9547\u66fe\u5c5e\u9547\u5180\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5272\u636e\u6027\u6709\u7740\u660e\u663e\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e88\u4ee5\u533a\u5206\u8ba8\u8bba;\u90d3\u66f9\u3001\u5156\u6d77\u4e8c\u9547\u66fe\u5c5e\u6dc4\u9752\uff0c\u4f46\u57289\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u5143\u548c\u4f10\u53db\u540e\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5730\u7406\u5355\u5143\uff0c\u4e5f\u52a0\u4ee5\u5206\u522b;\u6cfd\u6f5e\u5728\u592a\u884c\u5c71\u4ee5\u4e1c\u3001\u4ee5\u897f\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u57289\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u524d\u59cb\u7ec8\u96b6\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e00\u9547\uff0c\u5176\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7edf\u4e00\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5730\u7406\u7279\u5f81\u5374\u6709\u7740\u660e\u663e\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u5206\u4e3a\u4e8c\u9547\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u57fa\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u56de\u5f52\u6a21\u578b\u5305\u62ec\u4e94\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4e3a\u85e9\u9547\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\u4e3a\u85e9\u9547\u7684\u6587\u5316\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u4e3a\u85e9\u9547\u7684\u53d7\u7834\u574f\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u7b2c\u56db\u90e8\u5206\u4e3a\u85e9\u9547\u7684\u5730\u7f18\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e94\u90e8\u5206\u4e3a\u85e9\u9547\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6c34\u5e73\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7528\u85e9\u9547\u201c\u662f\u5426\u5272\u636e\u201d\u53ca\u85e9\u9547\u8282\u5ea6\u4f7f\u4e0e\u524d\u4efb\u8282\u5ea6\u4f7f\u7684\u4eb2\u5c5e\u5173\u7cfb\u6765\u6d4b\u91cf\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\u7528\u85e9\u9547\u7684\u8fdb\u58eb\u5f3a\u5ea6\u53ca\u85e9\u9547\u8282\u5ea6\u4f7f\u7684\u65cf\u5c5e\u3001\u7c4d\u8d2f\u6765\u6d4b\u91cf\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u7528\u85e9\u9547\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u70c8\u5ea6\u548c\u707e\u5f02\u5f3a\u5ea6\u6765\u6d4b\u91cf\uff0c\u7b2c\u56db\u90e8\u5206\u7528\u85e9\u9547\u4e0e\u957f\u5b89\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u6765\u6d4b\u91cf\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e94\u90e8\u5206\u7528\u85e9\u9547\u6240\u9886\u5404\u5dde\u5e73\u5747\u53e3\u6570\u6765\u6d4b\u91cf\u3002\u636e\u6b64\uff0c\u56de\u5f52\u6a21\u578b\u8bbe\u5b9a\u5982\u4e0b<sup>[30]<\/sup>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_1-3.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6093\" width=\"682\" height=\"117\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_1-3.png 830w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_1-3-300x51.png 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_1-3-768x131.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 682px) 100vw, 682px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0b\u6807i\u548ct\u5206\u522b\u4ee3\u8868\u7b2ci\u4e2a\u85e9\u9547\u548c\u7b2ct\u5e74\u3002Commit\u4ee3\u8868\u7b2ci\u4e2a\u85e9\u9547\u7b2ct\u5e74\u4e0e\u5916\u754c\u7684\u4eba\u5458\u5916\u6d41\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e3a\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u53d8\u91cf\u3002Indit\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u865a\u62df\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0e\u7814\u7a76\u5047\u8bbe(1)\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u89e3\u91ca\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u533a\u522b\u85e9\u9547i\u5728\u7b2ct\u5e74\u662f\u5426\u5272\u636e\u3002Ethnicityit\u3001Kindredit\u3001Hometownit\u662f\u4e00\u7ec4\u865a\u62df\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u662f\u4e0e\u7814\u7a76\u5047\u8bbe(2)\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\u85e9\u9547i\u5728\u7b2ct\u5e74\u7684\u8282\u5ea6\u4f7f\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u7528\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u80e1\u65cf\u3001\u4e0e\u8be5\u9547\u524d\u4efb\u8282\u5ea6\u4f7f\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u4eb2\u5c5e\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4eba\u7684\u7c4d\u8d2f\u662f\u5426\u5728\u85e9\u9547\u5185\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\u201c\u80e1\u65cf\u4e16\u88ad\u201d\u8282\u5ea6\u4f7f\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u8fd8\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u4ea4\u4e92\u9879Ethnicityit\u00d7Kindredit\u3002Jinshiit\u4e3a\u85e9\u9547i\u5728\u7b2ct\u5e74\u7684\u8fdb\u58eb\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u662f\u4e0e\u7814\u7a76\u5047\u8bbe(3)\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u8be5\u85e9\u9547\u6587\u5316\u4e0a\u4e0e\u4e24\u4eac\u5d07\u91cd\u8fdb\u58eb\u7684\u201c\u6e05\u6d41\u201d\u6587\u5316\u7684\u540c\u8d28\u6027\u3002Warit\u4e3a\u5176\u65f6\u5176\u5730\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u70c8\u5ea6\uff0cDisasterit\u4e3a\u5176\u65f6\u5176\u5730\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u707e\u5f02\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u85e9\u9547\u7684\u53d7\u7834\u574f\u60c5\u51b5\u3002Distancei\u4e3a\u85e9\u9547i\u4e0e\u957f\u5b89\u7684\u6b27\u51e0\u91cc\u5f97\u8ddd\u79bb\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u5176\u5730\u7f18\u7279\u5f81;Densityi\u4e3a\u5176\u6240\u9886\u5404\u5dde\u5728\u5b89\u53f2\u4e4b\u4e71\u7206\u53d1\u524d\u7684\u5929\u5b9d\u5e74\u95f4\u5e73\u5747\u53e3\u6570\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u5176\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u5404\u4e2a\u85e9\u9547\u7684\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u5728153\u5e74\u95f4\u53d6\u503c\u6052\u5b9a\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u03b21\u3001\u03b22\u3001\u03b23\u3001\u03b24\u3001\u03b25\u3001\u03b26j\u3001\u03b27\u3001\u03b28\u3001\u03b29\u3001\u03b210\u5747\u4e3a\u5f85\u4f30\u8ba1\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u4eba\u5458\u5916\u6d41\u5f3a\u5ea6\u7684\u7cfb\u6570\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u85e9\u9547\u5272\u636e\u5b58\u5728\u5730\u57df\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u5047\u8bbe\u4e0d\u540c\u85e9\u9547\u7684\u8fdb\u58eb\u5f3a\u5ea6\u5bf9\u4eba\u5458\u5916\u6d41\u5f3a\u5ea6\u5b58\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<sup>[31]<\/sup>\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u7684\u03b26j\u6709\u4e0b\u6807j\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u968f\u6240\u5c5e\u85e9\u9547j\u53d8\u52a8\uff0c\u03b1\u3001\u03b5\u5219\u5206\u522b\u4ee3\u8868\u56de\u5f52\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u622a\u8ddd\u9879\u548c\u8bef\u5dee\u9879\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u540c\u6837\u6709\u4e0b\u6807j\uff0c\u968f\u6240\u5c5e\u85e9\u9547j\u53d8\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">(\u4e8c)\u6570\u636e\u6765\u6e90\u4e0e\u53d8\u91cf\u6d4b\u91cf<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">1.\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u53d8\u91cf:\u4eba\u5458\u5916\u6d41\u5f3a\u5ea6<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u56de\u5f52\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u7684\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u53d8\u91cf\u201c\u4eba\u5458\u5916\u6d41\u5f3a\u5ea6\u201d\u4ee5\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u4ee3\u4eba\u7269\u4f20\u8bb0\u6570\u636e\u5e93(CBDB)<sup>[32]<\/sup>\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u9009\u53d6\u51fa\u751f\u4e8e907\u5e74\u53ca\u4ee5\u524d\u4e14\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4e8e755\u5e74\u53ca\u4ee5\u540e(\u4ece\u800c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5176\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u9009\u53d6\u7684\u5e74\u4efd\u4e4b\u4e2d)\u7684\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u63d0\u53d6\u5176\u5168\u90e8\u4e0e\u5730\u7406\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53d1\u751f\u5173\u8054\u76844,181\u6761\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u7269\u5728\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u9009\u53d6\u768412\u4e2a\u85e9\u9547\u540c\u5916\u754c\u4e4b\u95f4\u53d1\u751f\u6d41\u52a8\u6709\u5173\u7684\u6570\u636e544\u6761\u3002\u5c06\u4e4b\u6574\u7406\u4e3a218\u7ec4\u663e\u793a\u85e9\u9547\u4eba\u5458\u5916\u6d41\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u517119\u7c7b\uff0c\u5176\u7b80\u8bb0\u4e0e\u8d4b\u6743\u89c4\u5219\u5982\u88681\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u8d8a\u80fd\u663e\u793a\u5f3a\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u4f1a\u88ab\u8d4b\u4e88\u8d8a\u9ad8\u7684\u6743\u503c:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u88681 \u5916\u6d41\u6570\u636e\u8d4b\u6743\u89c4\u5219<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_2-3-1001x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6094\" width=\"591\" height=\"605\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_2-3-1001x1024.png 1001w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_2-3-293x300.png 293w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_2-3-768x786.png 768w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_2-3.png 1306w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 591px) 100vw, 591px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u636e\u6b64\uff0c\u85e9\u9547i\u5728\u5e74\u4efdt\u7684\u4eba\u5458\u5916\u6d41\u5f3a\u5ea6\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_3-3.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6095\" width=\"581\" height=\"74\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_3-3.png 830w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_3-3-300x38.png 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_3-3-768x98.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 581px) 100vw, 581px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5176\u4e2d\uff0cCommDataitj\u4ee3\u8868\u85e9\u9547i\u5728\u5e74\u4efdt\u7684\u7c7b\u578bj\u7684\u5916\u6d41\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6570\u76ee\uff0cWeightj\u5219\u4ee3\u8868\u4e0a\u8868\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684j\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5916\u6d41\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6743\u503c\u3002\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u85e9\u9547\u4e0e\u5916\u754c\u7684\u5916\u6d41\u6570\u636e\u4e0e\u4eba\u53e3\u5448\u6b63\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u4eba\u53e3\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u85e9\u9547\u8d8a\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4eba\u5458\u5916\u6d41\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u52a0\u6743\u548c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u6700\u7ec8\u88ab\u9664\u4ee5\u85e9\u9547i\u7684\u53e3\u6570<sup>[33]<\/sup>\u3002\u56e0\u5404\u85e9\u9547\u53e3\u6570\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u7ea7\u5927\u591a\u662f\u767e\u4e07\u7ea7\u522b(\u89c1\u88688)\uff0c\u6545\u53e3\u6570\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\u9009\u4e3a\u767e\u4e07\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">2.\u89e3\u91ca\u53d8\u91cf\u4e00:\u662f\u5426\u5272\u636e<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4f53\u73b0\u653f\u6cbb\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u53d8\u91cf\u201c\u662f\u5426\u5272\u636e\u201d\uff0c\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u4ee5\u300a\u65e7\u5510\u4e66\u300b<sup>[34]<\/sup>\u300a\u65b0\u5510\u4e66\u300b<sup>[35]<\/sup>\u300a\u8d44\u6cbb\u901a\u9274\u300b<sup>[36]<\/sup>\u4e3a\u636e\uff0c\u517c\u800c\u53c2\u8003\u738b\u5bff\u5357<sup>[37]<\/sup>\u3001\u5f20\u56fd\u521a<sup>[38]<\/sup>\u7684\u533a\u5206\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5bf9\u9009\u53d6\u768412\u4e2a\u85e9\u9547\u5728153\u5e74\u95f4\u6bcf\u5e74\u7684\u5272\u636e\u6027\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8bc4\u4f30\u3002<sup>[39]<\/sup>\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u53d1\u751f\u8282\u5ea6\u4f7f\u53d8\u66f4\u65f6\uff0c\u82e5\u539f\u672c\u5272\u636e\u7684\u8282\u5e05\u5f00\u59cb\u4e0a\u4ea4\u8d21\u8d4b\u3001\u542c\u4efb\u4e2d\u592e\u6307\u6d3e\u5b98\u5458;\u6216\u539f\u672c\u4e0d\u5272\u636e\u7684\u8282\u5ea6\u4f7f\u4e0e\u671d\u5ef7\u53d1\u751f\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u5219\u540c\u6837\u89c6\u4e3a\u5272\u636e\u6027\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u82e5\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e74\u4efd\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u5272\u636e\u6027\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5219\u4ee5\u5176\u5e74\u672b\u7684\u5272\u636e\u6027\u4ee3\u8868\u8fd9\u4e00\u5e74\u7684\u5272\u636e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5272\u636e\u6027\u53d8\u8fc1\u7684\u8ba4\u5b9a\u7ed3\u679c\u5982\u88682\u6240\u793a(\u8282\u5f55\u85e9\u9547\u9b4f\u535a\u6570\u636e):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u88682&nbsp; 755\u2014907\u5e74\u95f4\u5404\u85e9\u9547\u7684\u5272\u636e\u6027\u53d8\u8fc1(\u8282\u5f55)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_4-3.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6096\" width=\"648\" height=\"203\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_4-3.png 830w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_4-3-300x94.png 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_4-3-768x241.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 648px) 100vw, 648px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">3.\u89e3\u91ca\u53d8\u91cf\u4e8c:\u8282\u5ea6\u4f7f\u8eab\u4efd\u7279\u5f81(\u65cf\u5c5e\u3001\u4eb2\u7f18\u3001\u7c4d\u8d2f)<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8868\u793a\u8282\u5ea6\u4f7f\u8eab\u4efd\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u53d8\u91cf:\u65cf\u5c5e\u3001\u4eb2\u7f18\u4e0e\u7c4d\u8d2f\uff0c\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u6839\u636e\u300a\u65e7\u5510\u4e66\u300b\u300a\u65b0\u5510\u4e66\u300b\u8282\u5ea6\u4f7f\u672c\u4f20\u53ca\u300a\u8d44\u6cbb\u901a\u9274\u300b\u76f8\u5173\u8bb0\u8f7d\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u53c2\u8003\u5893\u5fd7<sup>[40]<\/sup>\u3001\u4e66\u4fe1\u7b49\u4e00\u624b\u53f2\u6599\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u5236\u4f5c\u4e8612\u4e2a\u85e9\u9547\u5728153\u5e74\u95f4\u4efb\u804c\u7684\u8282\u5ea6\u4f7f\u5217\u8868(\u82e5\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e74\u4efd\u6709\u591a\u4f4d\u8282\u5ea6\u4f7f\uff0c\u5219\u4ee5\u5176\u5e74\u672b\u7684\u8282\u5ea6\u4f7f\u4e3a\u51c6)\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4f4d\u8282\u5ea6\u4f7f\u7684\u65cf\u5c5e\u3001\u4eb2\u7f18\u4e0e\u7c4d\u8d2f\u8fdb\u884c\u8003\u8ba2\uff0c\u5e76\u636e\u6b64\u8d4b\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e00\u5e74\u67d0\u85e9\u9547\u7684\u8282\u5ea6\u4f7f\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u4fe1\u606f\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u65e0\u6cd5\u8003\u8bc1\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u5c06\u65e0\u6cd5\u8003\u8bc1\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u8d4b\u503c\u4e3a0\uff0c\u5373:\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8282\u5ea6\u4f7f\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3a\u6c49\u65cf\u3001\u4e0e\u8be5\u9547\u524d\u4efb\u8282\u5ea6\u4f7f\u65e0\u4eb2\u7f18\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u7c4d\u8d2f\u4e0d\u5728\u9547\u5185\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u8d4b\u503c\u57fa\u4e8e\u5982\u4e0b\u4e24\u91cd\u8003\u8651:\u5176\u4e00\uff0c\u6c49\u65cf\u3001\u4e0e\u524d\u4efb\u65e0\u4eb2\u7f18\u3001\u975e\u9547\u5185\u7c4d\u8d2f\u7684\u8282\u5ea6\u4f7f\u5728\u6570\u91cf\u4e0a\u5360\u636e\u5927\u591a\u6570;\u5176\u4e8c\uff0c\u65cf\u5c5e\u3001\u4eb2\u7f18\u3001\u7c4d\u8d2f\u4e8e\u53f2\u65e0\u8003\u7684\u8282\u5ea6\u4f7f\u591a\u4e3a\u6587\u5b98\u51fa\u8eab\uff0c\u672a\u6210\u5272\u636e\uff0c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u8282\u5ea6\u4f7f\u8f83\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u8eab\u80e1\u65cf\u3001\u4e0e\u524d\u4efb\u6709\u4eb2\u7f18\u6216\u51fa\u8eab\u672c\u9547\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e00\u5e74\u67d0\u85e9\u9547\u8282\u5ea6\u4f7f\u7f3a\u5931\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u5c06\u5176\u89c6\u4e3a\u7531\u957f\u5b89\u671d\u5ef7\u76f4\u5c5e\uff0c\u53d6\u7687\u5e1d\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u7279\u5f81\u4e00\u5f8b\u8d4b\u503c\u4e3a0(\u5b89\u53f2\u4e4b\u4e71\u65f6\u671f\u4e3a\u53db\u519b\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u85e9\u9547\uff0c\u53d6\u53db\u519b\u9996\u9886\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u7279\u5f81\u52a0\u4ee5\u8d4b\u503c)\u3002\u8eab\u4efd\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\u7ed3\u679c\u5982\u88683(\u8282\u5f55\u85e9\u9547\u9b4f\u535a\u7b2c\u4e00\u5e74\u6570\u636e):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u88683 &nbsp;755\u2014907\u5e74\u95f4\u5404\u85e9\u9547\u8282\u5ea6\u4f7f\u8eab\u4efd\u7279\u5f81(\u8282\u5f55)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_5-4.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6098\" width=\"638\" height=\"81\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_5-4.png 830w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_5-4-300x38.png 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_5-4-768x98.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 638px) 100vw, 638px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">4.\u89e3\u91ca\u53d8\u91cf\u4e09:\u8fdb\u58eb\u5f3a\u5ea6<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u85e9\u9547\u7684\u201c\u8fdb\u58eb\u5f3a\u5ea6\u201d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u201c\u51fa\u8eab\u4e8e\u8be5\u85e9\u9547\u7684\u8fdb\u58eb\u6570\u91cf\u5360\u540c\u671f\u5168\u56fd\u8fdb\u58eb\u6bd4\u91cd\uff0c\u9664\u4ee5\u8be5\u85e9\u9547\u4eba\u53e3\u5360\u5168\u56fd\u4eba\u53e3\u6bd4\u91cd\u201d\u3002\u8fdb\u58eb\u5f3a\u5ea6\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u8be5\u85e9\u9547\u6587\u5316\u4e0a\u4e0e\u4e24\u4eac\u5d07\u91cd\u8bcd\u79d1\u7684\u201c\u6e05\u6d41\u201d\u6587\u5316\u7684\u540c\u8d28\u6027\u7684\u5f3a\u5f31\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u53cd\u6620\u5176\u6587\u5316\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u9ad8\u4e0b\u6216\u6587\u58eb\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u591a\u5c11\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u83b7\u5f97\u51fa\u8eab\u4e8e\u8be5\u85e9\u9547\u7684\u8fdb\u58eb\u6570\u91cf\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u4ee5\u524d\u4eba\u8457\u8ff0\u4e3a\u7ebf\u7d22\uff0c\u67e5\u8003\u539f\u59cb\u53f2\u6599\u8fdb\u884c\u8003\u8ba2\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u5730\uff0c\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u4ee5\u5b5f\u4e8c\u51ac\u300a\u767b\u79d1\u8bb0\u8003\u8865\u6b63\u300b<sup>[41]<\/sup>\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5bf9\u9676\u6613\u300a\u5510\u4ee3\u8fdb\u58eb\u5f55\u300b<sup>[42]<\/sup>\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u7167\uff0c\u83b7\u53d6\u8fd9\u4e24\u90e8\u8457\u4f5c\u8003\u8ba2\u51fa\u7684\u4e2d\u665a\u5510153\u5e74\u95f4\u767b\u79d1\u8fdb\u58eb\u7684\u540d\u5355\uff0c\u518d\u5bf9\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u540d\u5355\u4e2d\u7684\u8fdb\u58eb\u9010\u4e00\u8003\u8ba2\u5176\u7c4d\u8d2f\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u82e5\u4e24\u90e8\u8457\u4f5c\u76f4\u63a5\u8bb0\u8f7d\u6709\u8fdb\u58eb\u7684\u7c4d\u8d2f\uff0c\u4e14\u4e8c\u8005\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e92\u76f8\u62b5\u727e\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u9009\u53d6\u8fd9\u4e00\u4fe1\u606f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e00\u6761\u8fdb\u58eb\u7c4d\u8d2f\u6570\u636e;\u82e5\u4e24\u90e8\u8457\u4f5c\u5e76\u672a\u8bb0\u6709\u7c4d\u8d2f\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6216\u4e8c\u8005\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u7c4d\u8d2f\u4fe1\u606f\u76f8\u4e92\u62b5\u727e\uff0c\u5219\u57fa\u4e8e\u300a\u65e7\u5510\u4e66\u300b\u300a\u65b0\u5510\u4e66\u300b\u5217\u4f20\u3001\u8868(\u7279\u522b\u662f\u300a\u65b0\u5510\u4e66\u300b\u7684\u300a\u5bb0\u76f8\u4e16\u7cfb\u8868\u300b<sup>[43]<\/sup>)\u4e2d\u76f8\u5173\u8bb0\u8f7d\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u53c2\u8003\u5893\u5fd7\u3001\u4e66\u4fe1\u7b49\u4e00\u624b\u53f2\u6599\u76f4\u63a5\u8fdb\u884c\u8003\u8ba2\u3002\u5982\u679c\u65e0\u8003\uff0c\u5219\u7701\u53bb\u8fd9\u6761\u8fdb\u58eb\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u5f97\u5230832\u6761\u7c4d\u8d2f\u53ef\u8003\u7684\u8fdb\u58eb\u6570\u636e(\u5176\u4e2d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u9009\u53d6\u768412\u4e2a\u85e9\u9547\u7684\u5171\u6709236\u6761)\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6bcf\u5e74\u767b\u79d1\u4eba\u6570\u6ce2\u52a8\u8f83\u5927\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u8fd9\u4e00\u6ce2\u52a8\u9020\u6210\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u5e73\u6ed1(smoothing)\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e94\u5e74\u4e3a\u7a97\u53e3\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u67d0\u5e74\u53ca\u5176\u524d\u540e\u76f8\u90bb\u5404\u4e24\u5e74\u7684\u8fdb\u58eb\u6570\u91cf\u4e0e\u540c\u671f\u5168\u56fd\u8fdb\u58eb\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u6bd4\u503c\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u85e9\u9547\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u5e74\u7684\u8fdb\u58eb\u6bd4\u91cd(\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c800\u5e74\u9b4f\u535a\u9547\u7684\u8fdb\u58eb\u6bd4\u91cd\uff0c\u4e3a798\u2014802\u5e74\u9b4f\u535a\u9547\u767b\u79d1\u4eba\u6570\uff0c\u9664\u4ee5798\u2014802\u5e74\u5168\u56fd\u767b\u79d1\u4eba\u6570)\uff0c\u518d\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e00\u6bd4\u91cd\u9664\u4ee5\u8be5\u85e9\u9547\u4eba\u53e3\u5360\u5168\u56fd\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u6bd4\u91cd<sup>[44]<\/sup>\uff0c\u6240\u5f97\u7684\u6570\u503c\u5373\u4e3a\u8be5\u85e9\u9547\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u5e74\u7684\u201c\u8fdb\u58eb\u5f3a\u5ea6\u201d<sup>[45]<\/sup>\u3002\u8fdb\u58eb\u5f3a\u5ea6\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u7ed3\u679c\u5982\u88684(\u8282\u5f55755\u5e74\u6570\u636e):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u88684&nbsp; 755\u2014907\u5e74\u95f4\u5404\u85e9\u9547\u7684\u8fdb\u58eb\u5f3a\u5ea6(\u8282\u5f55)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_6-3.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6099\" width=\"706\" height=\"90\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_6-3.png 830w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_6-3-300x38.png 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_6-3-768x98.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 706px) 100vw, 706px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">5.\u63a7\u5236\u53d8\u91cf\u4e00:\u6218\u4e89\u70c8\u5ea6<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u52a8\u6001\u63a7\u5236\u53d8\u91cf\u201c\u6218\u4e89\u70c8\u5ea6\u201d\uff0c\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u76f4\u63a5\u6839\u636e\u300a\u65e7\u5510\u4e66\u300b\u300a\u65b0\u5510\u4e66\u300b\u548c\u300a\u8d44\u6cbb\u901a\u9274\u300b\u7684\u8bb0\u8f7d\uff0c\u8bc4\u4f30\u9009\u53d6\u768412\u4e2a\u85e9\u9547\u5728153\u5e74\u95f4\u6bcf\u5e74\u906d\u53d7\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u70c8\u5ea6\uff0c\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u4eba\u5de5\u8d4b\u503c\u3002\u8d4b\u503c\u6807\u51c6\u4e3a:\u4ee5\u53d7\u6218\u4e89\u7834\u574f\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5b89\u53f2\u4e4b\u4e71\u4e3b\u6218\u573a\u533a\u57df\u4e3a10\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f71\u54cd\u8303\u56f4\u9650\u4e8e\u9547\u519b\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u519b\u4e71\u4e3a1<sup>[46]<\/sup>;\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7834\u574f\u6027\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u6218\u4e89(\u5982\u5b89\u53f2\u4e4b\u4e71\u3001\u9ec4\u5de2\u4e4b\u4e71\u7b49)\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u5176\u540e\u7eed\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5176\u5e73\u606f\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6570\u5e74\u5e76\u65e0\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u4ecd\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e00\u5b9a\u70c8\u5ea6\u503c\uff0c\u968f\u5e74\u4efd\u7684\u63a8\u8fdb\u9010\u6e10\u524a\u5f31\u76f4\u81f3\u4e3a0\u3002<sup>[47]<\/sup>\u6218\u4e89\u70c8\u5ea6\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\u7ed3\u679c\u5982\u88685(\u8282\u5f55755\u5e74\u6570\u636e):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u88685 755\u2014907\u5e74\u95f4\u5404\u85e9\u9547\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u70c8\u5ea6(\u8282\u5f55)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_7-4.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6100\" width=\"690\" height=\"87\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_7-4.png 830w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_7-4-300x38.png 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_7-4-768x96.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 690px) 100vw, 690px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">6.\u63a7\u5236\u53d8\u91cf\u4e8c:\u707e\u5f02\u70c8\u5ea6<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5bf9\u707e\u5f02\u8fdb\u884c\u8be6\u7ec6\u68b3\u7406\u7684\u6587\u732e\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5f53\u4ee3\u5b66\u8005\u5b8b\u9707\u6d77\u4e3b\u7f16\u7684\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u91cd\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u707e\u5bb3\u548c\u5f02\u5e38\u5e74\u8868\u603b\u96c6\u300b<sup>[48]<\/sup>\u5bf9\u53f2\u4e66\u52a0\u4ee5\u6574\u7406\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8f83\u4e3a\u5168\u9762\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u4ee5\u6b64\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u6e90\uff0c\u9009\u53d6\u5176\u4e2d\u8bb0\u8f7d\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u5728755\u2014807\u5e74\u95f4\u7684\u5730\u9707\u3001\u6c34\u707e\u3001\u65f1\u707e\u3001\u8757\u707e\u3001\u75ab\u75c5\u3001\u6d77\u5578\u7b49\u5f71\u54cd\u5c24\u5927\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u707e\u5bb3\uff0c\u8bc4\u4f30\u9009\u53d6\u768412\u4e2a\u85e9\u9547\u5728153\u5e74\u95f4\u6bcf\u5e74\u906d\u53d7\u7684\u707e\u5f02\u5f3a\u5ea6\u3002\u707e\u5f02\u70c8\u5ea6\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\u7ed3\u679c\u5982\u88686(\u8282\u5f55\u7b2c\u4e00\u6761\u6570\u636e):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u88686 755\u2014907\u5e74\u95f4\u707e\u5f02\u6570\u636e\u53ca\u8d4b\u6743\u89c4\u5219(\u8282\u5f55)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_8-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6101\" width=\"661\" height=\"118\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_8-2.png 830w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_8-2-300x53.png 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_8-2-768x137.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 661px) 100vw, 661px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">7.\u63a7\u5236\u53d8\u91cf\u4e09:\u4e0e\u957f\u5b89\u8ddd\u79bb<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u85e9\u9547\u4e0e\u957f\u5b89\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5f71\u54cd\u5176\u4eba\u53e3\u5411\u5916\u754c(\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4f4d\u4e8e\u957f\u5b89\u7684\u671d\u5ef7)\u6d41\u51fa\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u9996\u5148\u6839\u636e\u300a\u5143\u548c\u90e1\u53bf\u56fe\u5fd7\u300b\u53ca\u300a\u65b0\u5510\u4e66\u300b\u4e2d\u300a\u65b9\u9547\u8868\u300b<sup>[49]<\/sup>\u7684\u8bb0\u8f7d\u786e\u5b9a\u5404\u85e9\u9547\u7684\u9996\u5e9c\u6240\u5728\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u67e5\u8003\u300a\u5143\u548c\u90e1\u53bf\u56fe\u5fd7\u300b<sup>[50]<\/sup>\u300a\u901a\u5178\u300b<sup>[51<\/sup><sup>]<\/sup>\u548c\u300a\u592a\u5e73\u5bf0\u5b87\u8bb0\u300b<sup>[52]<\/sup>\u6240\u8f7d\u5404\u5dde\u53bb\u5f80\u957f\u5b89(\u300a\u5143\u548c\u90e1\u53bf\u56fe\u5fd7\u300b\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u4e0a\u90fd\u201d\uff0c\u300a\u901a\u5178\u300b\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u897f\u4eac\u201d)\u7684\u91cc\u7a0b\uff0c\u517c\u800c\u53c2\u8003\u4e25\u8015\u671b\u300a\u5510\u4ee3\u4ea4\u901a\u56fe\u8003\u300b<sup>[53]<\/sup>\u7684\u8003\u8ba2\uff0c\u786e\u5b9a\u5404\u85e9\u9547\u9996\u5e9c\u4e0e\u957f\u5b89\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u3002\u4e09\u79cd\u53f2\u6599\u6240\u8f7d\u7684\u8fd912\u4e2a\u9996\u5e9c\u53bb\u5f80\u957f\u5b89\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u5747\u65e0\u7279\u522b\u660e\u663e\u7684\u5dee\u8ddd\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7ec6\u5fae\u7684\u62b5\u727e\uff0c\u5219\u4e00\u5f8b\u4ee5\u6210\u4e66\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0e\u672c\u6587\u7814\u7a76\u65f6\u95f4\u6700\u4e3a\u8d34\u5408\u7684\u300a\u5143\u548c\u90e1\u53bf\u56fe\u5fd7\u300b\u4e3a\u51c6;\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e7d\u5dde\u81f3\u957f\u5b89\u7684\u91cc\u7a0b\u8bb0\u8f7d\u4e8e\u5df2\u7ecf\u6563\u4f5a\u7684\u300a\u5143\u548c\u90e1\u53bf\u56fe\u5fd7\u300b\u537719\u4e2d\uff0c\u6545\u9009\u53d6\u53e6\u4e24\u79cd\u53f2\u6599\u4e2d\u6210\u4e66\u65f6\u95f4\u540c\u6837\u5728\u4e2d\u665a\u5510\u7684\u300a\u901a\u5178\u300b\u6240\u8f7d\u6570\u636e\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u85e9\u9547\u9996\u5e9c\u53ca\u5176\u4e0e\u957f\u5b89\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u5982\u88687\u6240\u793a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u88687&nbsp; \u5404\u85e9\u9547\u9996\u5e9c\u53ca\u5176\u4e0e\u957f\u5b89\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_9-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6102\" width=\"658\" height=\"236\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_9-2.png 830w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_9-2-300x108.png 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_9-2-768x276.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 658px) 100vw, 658px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e3a\u7edf\u4e00\u91cf\u7eb2\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u6570\u503c\u6700\u7ec8\u88ab\u9664\u4ee5\u5404\u85e9\u9547\u4e0e\u957f\u5b89\u8ddd\u79bb\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u7ea7100(\u91cc)\u5e26\u5165\u516c\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">8.\u63a7\u5236\u53d8\u91cf\u56db:\u6240\u9886\u5404\u5dde\u5e73\u5747\u53e3\u6570<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u636e\u300a\u5143\u548c\u90e1\u53bf\u56fe\u5fd7\u300b\u7684\u8bb0\u8f7d\u786e\u5b9a\u5404\u85e9\u9547\u7684\u4e0b\u8f96\u5dde\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7279\u522b\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u662f:1\u5e7d\u5dde\u9547\u6240\u9886\u5dde\u8bb0\u8f7d\u4e8e\u5df2\u7ecf\u6563\u4f5a\u7684\u300a\u5143\u548c\u90e1\u53bf\u56fe\u5fd7\u300b\u537719\u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53c2\u8003\u300a\u65b0\u5510\u4e66\u300b\u4e2d\u300a\u65b9\u9547\u8868\u300b\u7684\u8bb0\u8f7d\uff0c\u4e14\u4e0d\u8ba1\u5165\u4fa8\u6cbb\u5dde;2\u300a\u5143\u548c\u90e1\u53bf\u56fe\u5fd7\u300b\u4e2d\u5fb7\u3001\u68e3\u4e8c\u5dde\u5c5e\u9547\u5180\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u4e2d\u665a\u5510\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u65f6\u671f\u4e8c\u5dde\u5c5e\u6ca7\u666f\uff0c\u6545\u8ba1\u5165\u6ca7\u666f;3\u300a\u5143\u548c\u90e1\u53bf\u56fe\u5fd7\u300b\u6cfd\u6f5e\u3001\u90a2\u6d3a\u672a\u5206\u9547\uff0c\u4f9d\u300a\u65b9\u9547\u8868\u300b\u5c06\u6240\u5c5e\u4e94\u5dde\u5206\u522b\u8ba1\u5165\u4e8c\u9547;4\u300a\u5143\u548c\u90e1\u53bf\u56fe\u5fd7\u300b\u6dc4\u9752\u3001\u90d3\u66f9\u3001\u5156\u6d77\u672a\u5206\u9547\uff0c\u4f9d\u300a\u65b9\u9547\u8868\u300b\u5c06\u6240\u5c5e12\u5dde\u5206\u522b\u8ba1\u5165\u4e09\u9547\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u4f30\u8ba1\u6240\u9886\u5404\u5dde\u5e73\u5747\u53e3\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4e2d\u665a\u5510\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u6570\u636e\u5728\u53f2\u7c4d\u4e2d\u4e25\u91cd\u7f3a\u4e4f\uff0c\u4ec5\u6709\u7684\u300a\u5143\u548c\u90e1\u53bf\u56fe\u5fd7\u300b\u7684\u8bb0\u8f7d\u4e5f\u6709\u5341\u5206\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u95ee\u9898:\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u5305\u62ec\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u9009\u53d6\u7684\u5e7d\u5dde(\u9664\u6a80\u5dde)\u3001\u6dc4\u9752\u3001\u90d3\u66f9\u3001\u5156\u6d77\u56db\u9547\u5728\u5185\u7684\u8bf8\u591a\u85e9\u9547\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u5168\u7a7a\u7f3a;\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5728\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u9009\u53d6\u7684\u8bf8\u591a\u6cb3\u5317\u9053\u85e9\u9547\uff0c\u5b83\u867d\u7136\u6709\u8bb0\u8f7d\uff0c\u5374\u53d7\u5230\u85e9\u9547\u63a7\u5236\u6237\u53e3\u7b49\u653f\u6cbb\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u800c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u6781\u5176\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u504f\u5dee\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6cb3\u5317\u5730\u533a\u4ee5\u201c\u5927\u6cb3\u4e4b\u5317\u53f7\u5bcc\u5f3a\u201d<sup>[54]<\/sup>\u95fb\u540d\uff0c\u7530\u627f\u55e3\u66f4\u5728\u9b4f\u535a\u9547\u201c\u8ba1\u6237\u53e3\uff0c\u91cd\u8d4b\u655b\uff0c\u5389\u5175\u7f2e\u7532\uff0c\u4f7f\u8001\u5f31\u8015\uff0c\u58ee\u8005\u5728\u519b\uff0c\u4e0d\u6570\u5e74\uff0c\u6709\u4f17\u5341\u4e07\u201d\uff0c<sup>[55]<\/sup>\u800c\u9b4f\u535a\u9547\u4e0b\u8f96\u516d\u5dde\u8f7d\u4e8e\u300a\u5143\u548c\u90e1\u53bf\u56fe\u5fd7\u300b\u7adf\u800c\u53ea\u670974,498\u6237<sup>[56]<\/sup>\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9996\u5e9c\u7684\u9b4f\u5dde\u4ec5\u67096,920\u6237\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ca\u4e24\u5510\u4e66\u6240\u8f7d\u5929\u5b9d\u6237\u6570\u7684\u4e8c\u5341\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u663e\u7136\u4e0e\u5b9e\u60c5\u4e0d\u7b26\u3002<sup>[57]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u7efc\u5408\u8003\u8651\u5404\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u540e\uff0c\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u53ea\u80fd\u9009\u53d6\u300a\u65e7\u5510\u4e66\u300b\u548c\u300a\u65b0\u5510\u4e66\u300b\u4e2d\u8bb0\u8f7d\u7684\u5929\u5b9d\u53e3\u6570\uff0c\u4f30\u8ba1\u5176\u6240\u9886\u5404\u5dde\u5e73\u5747\u53e3\u6570<sup>[58]<\/sup>\u3002\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u53e3\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u53c2\u8003\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u53e3\u53f2\u300b(\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5377)\u636e\u4e24\u5510\u4e66\u6574\u7406\u51fa\u7684\u6237\u53e3<sup>[59]<\/sup>\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u6bcf\u9547\u8f96\u5730\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u603b\u548c(\u4ee5\u53e3\u6570\u53cd\u6620)\uff0c\u518d\u5c06\u5176\u9664\u4ee5\u6bcf\u9547\u4e0b\u8f96\u7684\u5dde\u6570\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u53cd\u6620\u5176\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u6240\u9886\u5404\u5dde\u5e73\u5747\u53e3\u6570\u3002\u5f53\u4e24\u5510\u4e66\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u5dde\u6240\u8f7d\u53e3\u6570\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u82e5\u6240\u8f7d\u6237\u6570\u4ea6\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5219\u53d6\u5176\u5e73\u5747\u53e3\u6570;\u82e5\u4ec5\u6709\u53e3\u6570\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u6237\u6570\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u53d6\u6237\u53e3\u6570\u5747\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u5168\u56fd\u6240\u6709\u5dde\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u6237\u53e3\u6bd4<sup>[60]<\/sup>\u4e0e\u6237\u6570\u76f8\u4e58\uff0c\u9009\u53d6\u4e0e\u7ed3\u679c\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u7684\u53e3\u6570\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u82e5\u4e24\u5510\u4e66\u4e4b\u4e00\u53e3\u6570\u5931\u8f7d\uff0c\u5219\u53d6\u53e6\u4e00\u5904\u8bb0\u5f55;\u82e5\u4e8c\u8005\u53e3\u6570\u5747\u5931\u8f7d\u800c\u6237\u6570\u672a\u5931\u8f7d\uff0c\u5219\u53d6\u4e8c\u8005\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u6237\u6570\u4e0e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5e73\u5747\u6237\u53e3\u6bd4\u76f8\u4e58\u4f30\u7b97\u53e3\u6570\u300212\u4e2a\u85e9\u9547\u6240\u9886\u5404\u5dde\u5e73\u5747\u53e3\u6570\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u7ed3\u679c\u5982\u88688\u6240\u793a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u88688 \u5404\u85e9\u9547\u4e0b\u8f96\u5dde\u3001\u53e3\u6570\u53ca\u6bcf\u5dde\u5e73\u5747\u53e3\u6570<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_10-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6103\" width=\"671\" height=\"406\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_10-1.png 830w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_10-1-300x181.png 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_10-1-768x465.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 671px) 100vw, 671px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e3a\u7edf\u4e00\u91cf\u7eb2\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u6570\u503c\u6700\u7ec8\u88ab\u9664\u4ee5\u5404\u85e9\u9547\u6bcf\u5dde\u5e73\u5747\u53e3\u6570\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u7ea7105\u5e26\u5165\u516c\u5f0f<sup>[61]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u4e09\u3001\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7ed3\u679c<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">(\u4e00)\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u5206\u6790\u4e0e\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u68c0\u9a8c<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u5bf9\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u53d8\u91cf\u201c\u4eba\u5458\u5916\u6d41\u5f3a\u5ea6\u201d\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u7ed3\u679c\u8fdb\u884c\u521d\u6b65\u5206\u6790\u3002\u88689\u5448\u73b0\u4e8612\u4e2a\u85e9\u9547\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u4e2d\u665a\u5510153\u5e74\u95f4\u7684\u5e74\u5747\u4eba\u5458\u5916\u6d41\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u56db\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\u65f6\u6bb5\u4e2d\u5e74\u5747\u4eba\u5458\u5916\u6d41\u5f3a\u5ea6\u3002\u8fd9\u56db\u4e2a\u65f6\u6bb5\u5206\u522b\u4ee5\u5efa\u4e2d\u4e4b\u4e71\u7ed3\u675f(785\u5e74\uff0c\u5f53\u5e74\u5f52\u4e3a\u4e0a\u4e00\u671f)\u3001\u5143\u548c\u4e2d\u5174\u7ed3\u675f(820\u5e74\uff0c\u5f53\u5e74\u5f52\u4e3a\u4e0a\u4e00\u671f)\u3001\u738b\u4ed9\u829d\u4e4b\u4e71\u7206\u53d1(874\u5e74\uff0c\u5f53\u5e74\u5f52\u4e3a\u4e0b\u4e00\u671f)\u4e3a\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u8be5\u8868\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u665a\u5510\uff0c\u5404\u85e9\u9547\u5404\u65f6\u6bb5\u5e74\u5747\u4eba\u5458\u5916\u6d41\u5f3a\u5ea6\u6574\u4f53\u5448\u4e0b\u964d\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u4e2d\u5510\u7684\u4eba\u5458\u5916\u6d41\u5f3a\u5ea6\u660e\u663e\u9ad8\u4e8e\u665a\u5510\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5404\u85e9\u9547\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6cb3\u4e1c\u5730\u533a\u7684\u85e9\u9547(\u6cb3\u4e1c\u3001\u6cb3\u4e2d)\u9ad8\u4e8e\u6cb3\u5317\u5730\u533a\u85e9\u9547\uff0c\u800c\u6cb3\u5317\u5730\u533a\u85e9\u9547\u53c8\u9ad8\u4e8e\u6cb3\u5357\u9053\u4e1c\u5317\u90e8\u5e73\u5362\u5f90\u6dee\u5730\u533a(\u6dc4\u9752\u3001\u90d3\u66f9\u3001\u5156\u6d77)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u88689 \u5404\u85e9\u9547\u5404\u65f6\u6bb5\u5e74\u5747\u4eba\u5458\u5916\u6d41\u5f3a\u5ea6<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_11-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6104\" width=\"691\" height=\"466\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_11-1.png 830w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_11-1-300x202.png 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_11-1-768x518.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 691px) 100vw, 691px\" 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https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_12-1-768x472.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 703px) 100vw, 703px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u886811 \u5404\u53d8\u91cf\u76f8\u5173\u7cfb\u6570<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_13-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6106\" width=\"714\" height=\"499\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_13-1.png 830w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_13-1-300x210.png 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_13-1-768x537.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 714px) 100vw, 714px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>*\u53cc\u8fb9\u68c0\u9a8c\uff0c|r|&gt;0.0457\u5219p&lt;0.05,|r|&gt;0.0601\u5219p&lt;0.01<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">(\u4e8c)\u53c2\u6570\u4f30\u8ba1\u4e0e\u5047\u8bbe\u68c0\u9a8c<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u53d8\u91cf\u64cd\u4f5c\u5316\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u5145\u5206\u8003\u8651\u4e86\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u6027\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5e76\u65e0\u660e\u663e\u7684\u6ede\u540e\u6027\u52a0\u5165\u5230\u6a21\u578b\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u4ece\u800c\uff0c\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u53d8\u91cf\u5916\u751f\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5047\u8bbe\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u6ee1\u8db3\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u56fa\u5b9a\u6548\u5e94\u548c\u968f\u673a\u6548\u5e94\u5f97\u5230\u65e0\u504f\u7684\u4f30\u8ba1\u3002\u5bf9\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u7cfb\u6570\u4f30\u8ba1\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u6700\u5927\u4f3c\u7136\u4f30\u8ba1\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u5728\u7ec4\u95f4\u7684\u5f02\u65b9\u5dee\u6027\uff0c\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u5728\u53c2\u6570\u4f30\u8ba1\u65f6\u6309\u7ec4\u95f4\u5206\u7c7b\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u7a33\u5065\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u8bef\u3002\u886812\u4e2d\u62a5\u544a\u4e86\u7528\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u6df7\u5408OLS\u6a21\u578b\u3001\u56fa\u5b9a\u6548\u5e94\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u968f\u673a\u6548\u5e94\u5bf9\u6a21\u578b\u4e3b\u8981\u53c2\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u4f30\u8ba1\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7cfb\u6570\u7684\u4f30\u8ba1\u503c\u5b58\u5728\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u5404\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u663e\u8457\u6027\u57fa\u672c\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u886812 \u5404\u56e0\u7d20\u5bf9\u4eba\u5458\u5916\u6d41\u5f3a\u5ea6\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u521d\u6b65\u56de\u5f52\u7ed3\u679c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_14-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6107\" width=\"707\" height=\"560\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_14-1.png 830w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_14-1-300x238.png 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_14-1-768x609.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 707px) 100vw, 707px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><span style=\"color:#b7b7b7\" 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class=\"has-inline-color\">\u6ce8:(1)\u62ec\u53f7\u5185\u4e3a\u7a33\u5065\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u8bef(SE)\u3002(2)*p&lt;0.1,**p&lt;0.05,***p&lt;0.01\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7efc\u5408\u886812\u4e0e\u886813\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u56fa\u5b9a\u6548\u5e94\u6a21\u578b\u3001\u968f\u673a\u6548\u5e94\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u53d8\u7cfb\u6570\u2014\u53d8\u622a\u8ddd\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5404\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u663e\u8457\u6027\u57fa\u672c\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u89e3\u91ca\u53d8\u91cf\u4e00\u201c\u662f\u5426\u5272\u636e\u201d\u4e0e\u85e9\u9547\u4eba\u5458\u5916\u6d41\u5f3a\u5ea6\u5448\u73b0\u663e\u8457\u7684\u8d1f\u76f8\u5173\u5173\u7cfb(p&lt;0.05)\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u66f4\u5f3a\u7684\u85e9\u9547\u7684\u786e\u66f4\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u66f4\u4f4e\u7684\u4eba\u5458\u5916\u6d41\u5c01\u95ed\u6027\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e86\u672c\u6587\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5047\u8bbe(1)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u56de\u5f52\u7ed3\u679c\u8fd8\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4eba\u5458\u5916\u6d41\u5c01\u95ed\u6027\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4e0e\u663e\u793a\u85e9\u9547\u201c\u653f\u6cbb\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\u201d\u7684\u201c\u662f\u5426\u5272\u636e\u201d\u6709\u7740\u663e\u8457\u76f8\u5173\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8fd8\u4e0e\u663e\u793a\u85e9\u9547\u201c\u6587\u5316\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\u201d\u7684\u8fdb\u58eb\u5f3a\u5ea6\u4ee5\u53ca\u540c\u65f6\u53cd\u6620\u4e24\u79cd\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\u7684\u85e9\u9547\u8282\u5ea6\u4f7f\u8eab\u4efd\u7279\u5f81\u5173\u7cfb\u5bc6\u5207\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\u5047\u8bbe(2)\u3001(3)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u89e3\u91ca\u53d8\u91cf\u4e8c\u201c\u8282\u5ea6\u4f7f\u8eab\u4efd\u7279\u5f81\u201d\u4e0e\u8fdb\u58eb\u5f3a\u5ea6\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u8f83\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u3002\u65cf\u5c5e\u3001\u4eb2\u7f18\u53d8\u91cf\u4e0e\u4eba\u5458\u5916\u6d41\u5c01\u95ed\u6027\u663e\u8457\u6b63\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u80e1\u65cf\u8282\u5ea6\u4f7f\u76f4\u63a5\u5bfc\u81f4\u85e9\u9547\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\uff0c\u5373\u9648\u5bc5\u606a\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u5176\u6c11\u95f4\u793e\u4f1a\u4ea6\u672a\u6df1\u53d7\u6c49\u65cf\u6587\u5316\u4e4b\u5f71\u54cd\u201d<sup>[62]<\/sup>;\u800c\u4e0e\u524d\u4efb\u8282\u5ea6\u4f7f\u540c\u51fa\u4e00\u65cf\u7684\u7ee7\u4efb\u8282\u5ea6\u4f7f\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u85e9\u9547\u5185\u90e8\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u7531\u59fb\u4eb2\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8d77\u6765\u3001\u81ea\u6210\u4f53\u7cfb\u800c\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u4e2d\u592e\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<sup>[63]<\/sup>\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u663e\u793a\u6587\u5316\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4eba\u5458\u5916\u6d41\u4e3b\u8981\u8d77\u5230\u201c\u63a8\u529b\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u4fc3\u6210\u4eba\u5458\u7531\u85e9\u9547\u5411\u5916\u754c\u6d41\u51fa\uff0c\u79bb\u5f00\u6587\u5316\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u81ea\u6210\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u85e9\u9547\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u5411\u4ed6\u4eec\u719f\u6089\u7684\u4e24\u4eac\u201c\u6e05\u6d41\u201d\u6587\u5316\u73af\u5883\u3001\u5510\u671d\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u6cbb\u73af\u5883\u56de\u5f52\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u6b63\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u9648\u5bc5\u606a\u501f\u674e\u6816\u7b60\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u4e2a\u6848\u9610\u91ca\u7684\u6cb3\u5317\u58eb\u4eba\u79bb\u5f00\u80e1\u5316\u7684\u6545\u5c45\uff0c\u800c\u6295\u5411\u6587\u5316\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u66f4\u6709\u8ba4\u540c\u611f\u7684\u4e24\u4eac\u7684\u8fc1\u5f99\u8fc7\u7a0b<sup>[64]<\/sup>\uff0c\u5bf9\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u7c4d\u8d2f\u4e0e\u4eba\u5458\u5916\u6d41\u5c01\u95ed\u6027\u65e0\u663e\u8457\u5173\u7cfb\u4e14\u56de\u5f52\u7cfb\u6570\u4e3a\u8d1f\uff0c\u4ea4\u4e92\u9879\u65cf\u5c5e\u00d7\u4eb2\u7f18\u5219\u4e0e\u4eba\u5458\u5916\u6d41\u5c01\u95ed\u6027\u663e\u8457\u8d1f\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u7c4d\u8d2f\u5728\u9547\u5185\u7684\u8282\u5ea6\u4f7f\u662f\u85e9\u9547\u5728\u665a\u5510\u65f6\u671f\u672c\u571f\u5316\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u7531\u9547\u5175\u63a8\u7ffb\u5916\u6765\u8282\u5ea6\u4f7f\u800c\u62e5\u7acb\u672c\u9547\u519b\u5c06\u4ea7\u751f;\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u53d7\u62e5\u7acb\u7684\u8282\u5ea6\u4f7f\u52bf\u5fc5\u5728\u5229\u76ca\u4e0a\u6210\u4e3a\u672c\u571f\u9547\u5175\u7684\u4ee3\u8a00\u4eba\uff0c\u53c8\u52a0\u901f\u4e86\u85e9\u9547\u672c\u571f\u5316\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b<sup>[65]<\/sup>\u3002\u65cf\u5c5e\u4e0e\u4eb2\u7f18\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u9879\u540c\u6837\u5bf9\u85e9\u9547\u7684\u672c\u571f\u5316\u6709\u63a8\u8fdb\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5f53\u5916\u6765\u7684\u80e1\u65cf\u8282\u5ea6\u4f7f\u5728\u5bb6\u65cf\u5185\u90e8\u8fdb\u884c\u85e9\u5e05\u6743\u67c4\u7684\u4f20\u9012\uff0c\u5bf9\u672c\u571f\u7cbe\u82f1\u7684\u501a\u91cd\u5c31\u6210\u4e3a\u5176\u5de9\u56fa\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u503e\u5411\u6bd4\u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u80e1\u65cf\u8282\u5ea6\u4f7f\u6216\u5355\u7eaf\u5b58\u5728\u5bb6\u65cf\u4f20\u9012\u7684\u8282\u5ea6\u4f7f\u8981\u8fdc\u66f4\u5f3a\u70c8<sup>[66]<\/sup>\u3002\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7ed3\u679c\u4e5f\u8bf4\u660e\uff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class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_16-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6109\" width=\"650\" height=\"472\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_16-1.png 830w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_16-1-300x218.png 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_16-1-768x557.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 650px) 100vw, 650px\" \/><figcaption>\u56fe1 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style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">(\u4e09)\u56de\u5f52\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u7a33\u5065\u6027<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u68c0\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u7a33\u5065\u6027\uff0c\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u7528\u80fd\u4ece\u4e0d\u540c\u89d2\u5ea6\u523b\u753b\u4eba\u53e3\u5916\u6d41<sup>[71]<\/sup>\u7684\u201c\u8fc1\u846c\u201d\u4ee3\u66ff\u201c\u4eba\u5458\u5916\u6d41\u5f3a\u5ea6\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4eba\u53e3\u5916\u6d41\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u66ff\u4ee3\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\uff0c<sup>[72]<\/sup>\u5bf9\u6a21\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u91cd\u65b0\u4f30\u8ba1\u3002\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0e\u6a21\u578b\u4e09\u4e2d\u9488\u5bf9\u89e3\u91ca\u53d8\u91cf\u4e00\u201c\u662f\u5426\u5272\u636e\u201d\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u57fa\u672c\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5177\u4f53\u5730\uff0c\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u4ee5\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u4ee3\u4eba\u7269\u4f20\u8bb0\u6570\u636e\u5e93(CBDB)<sup>[73]<\/sup>\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u6e90\uff0c\u9009\u53d6\u51fa\u751f\u4e8e907\u5e74\u53ca\u4ee5\u524d\u4e14\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4e8e755\u5e74\u53ca\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u4e14\u6b7b\u6240\u5728\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u9009\u53d6\u768412\u4e2a\u85e9\u9547\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u8003\u5bdf\u5176\u846c\u5730\u662f\u5426\u4e0e\u6b7b\u6240\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u85e9\u9547(\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u91cc\u53ea\u8003\u8651\u653f\u6cbb\u5730\u7406\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c755\u2014884\u5e74\u95f4\u7684\u6cfd\u6f5e\u4e0e\u90a2\u6d3a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u9547\uff0c755\u2014782\u5e74\u95f4\u7684\u9547\u5180\u3001\u6ca7\u666f\u4e0e\u6613\u5b9a\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca762\u2014818\u5e74\u95f4\u7684\u6dc4\u9752\u4e0e\u5156\u6d77\u3001776\u2014818\u5e74\u95f4\u7684\u6dc4\u9752\u3001\u90d3\u66f9\u4e0e\u5156\u6d77\u4e5f\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u9547)\u3002\u5982\u679c\u846c\u5728\u672c\u9547\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u85e9\u9547\u4eba\u5458\u5916\u6d41\u7684\u5c01\u95ed\u6027\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u5219\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u5f00\u653e\u6027\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u6574\u7406\u5982\u4e0b\u886814\u6240\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u886814&nbsp; \u4e2d\u665a\u5510\u6b7b\u4e8e\u5404\u85e9\u9547\u8005\u5165\u846c\u60c5\u51b5<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_17-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6110\" width=\"697\" height=\"563\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_17-1.png 830w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_17-1-300x242.png 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_17-1-768x620.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 697px) 100vw, 697px\" 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src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/00.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6126\" width=\"708\" height=\"523\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/00.png 1013w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/00-300x222.png 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/00-768x567.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 708px) 100vw, 708px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/07.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6123\" width=\"714\" height=\"562\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/07.png 1012w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/07-300x236.png 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/07-768x605.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 714px) 100vw, 714px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/08.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6124\" width=\"713\" height=\"562\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/08.png 1012w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/08-300x236.png 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/08-768x605.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 713px) 100vw, 713px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/000.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6127\" width=\"-830\" height=\"-722\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/000.png 1007w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/000-300x261.png 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/000-768x668.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1007px) 100vw, 1007px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u201cAn Independent Country Formed Between Zhen and Ji\u201d: A Quantitative Analysis of the Migration of People out of Hebei Region in the Mid-to-Late Tang Dynasty<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Shang Wenyi, Liang Xingkun<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Abstract:<\/span>&nbsp;<\/strong>After the An-Shi rebellion,&nbsp;<em>Fanzhen&nbsp;<\/em>(autonomous provinces) who were highly heterogenous politically and culturally with the central government has formed in the Hebei region of the Tang dynasty, and such heterogeneity was notably demonstrated by the obstruction of the migration of people out of this region. This study uses the panel data of the 12&nbsp;<em>Fanzhen&nbsp;<\/em>(including the&nbsp;<em>Fanzhen&nbsp;<\/em>in Hebei region and its adjacent Hedong region and northeastern Henan region) during the 153 year between the An-Shi rebellion and the fall of Tang dyansty, and adopts quantitative methods to investigate the influence of different factors over the obstruction of the migration of people out of the&nbsp;<em>Fanzhen<\/em>. The results of empirical study show that the obstruction of the migration of people out of the&nbsp;<em>Fanzhen&nbsp;<\/em>is positively correlated to the independence of the&nbsp;<em>Fanzhen<\/em>, which denotes political heterogeneity. It is also closely related to both the \u201cJinshi (people selected from the imperial examinations) weight\u201d, which denotes cultural heterogeneity, and the identity characteristics of the Jiedushi (provincial governors), which denotes both political and cultural heterogeneities. In the mid-to-late Tang dynasty, as the political and cultural heterogeneity grew in the&nbsp;<em>Fanzhen&nbsp;<\/em>in Hebei region, the obstruction of the migration of people out of this region tended to strengthen during the period, eventually forming a cultural character that was distinct from the two capitals, thereby laying the foundation for the transition that happened during the Five Dynasties and the Northern Song dynasty.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Keywords:&nbsp;<\/span><\/strong>Hebei&nbsp;<em>Fanzhen<\/em>; Mid-to-Late Tang Dynasty; Migration; Political History<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\">\u7f16 \u8f91&nbsp; | \u8bb8\u53ef<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\"><strong>\u6ce8\u91ca\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[1]\u9648\u5bc5\u606a:\u300a\u8bba\u674e\u6816\u7b60\u81ea\u8d75\u5f99\u536b\u4e8b\u300b\uff0c\u89c1\u6c0f\u8457\u300a\u91d1\u660e\u9986\u4e1b\u7a3f\u4e8c\u7f16\u300b\uff0c\u53f0\u5317:\u91cc\u4ec1\u4e66\u5c40\uff0c1981\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c1\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[2]\u4ee5\u9648\u5bc5\u606a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u6545\u8bba\u5510\u4ee3\u6cb3\u5317\u85e9\u9547\u95ee\u9898\u5fc5\u4e8e\u6c11\u65cf\u53ca\u6587\u5316\u4e8c\u7aef\u6ce8\u610f\u201d\uff0c\u89c1\u6c0f\u8457\u300a\u5510\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u53f2\u8ff0\u8bba\u7a3f\u300b\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77:\u4e0a\u6d77\u53e4\u7c4d\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1982\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c25\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[3]\u300a\u65b0\u5510\u4e66\u300b\u5377148\u300a\u5217\u4f20\u7b2c\u4e03\u5341\u4e09\u00b7\u53f2\u5b5d\u7ae0\u4f20\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac:\u4e2d\u534e\u4e66\u5c40\uff0c1975\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c4790\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[4]\u5510\u5fb7\u5b97\u5e74\u53f7\uff0c\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a780\u2014783\u5e74\uff0c\u671f\u95f4\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u201c\u5efa\u4e2d\u4e4b\u4e71\u201d\uff0c\u6cb3\u5317\u85e9\u9547\u8282\u5e05\u7eb7\u7eb7\u79f0\u738b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[5]\u5468\u7ecd\u826f:\u300a\u5510\u4ee3\u5893\u5fd7\u6c47\u7f16\u300b\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77:\u4e0a\u6d77\u53e4\u7c4d\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1992\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c2130\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[6]\u4ec7\u9e7f\u9e23:\u300a\u957f\u5b89\u4e0e\u6cb3\u5317\u4e4b\u95f4:\u4e2d\u665a\u5510\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac:\u5317\u4eac\u5e08\u8303\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2018\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c326\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[7]John Hicks,&nbsp;<em>A Theory of Economic History<\/em>, Oxford: Glarendon Press, 1991, p. 4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[8]\u97e9\u70af:\u300a\u4ece\u8ba1\u91cf\u53f2\u5b66\u8fc8\u5411\u57fa\u4e8e\u5927\u6570\u636e\u8ba1\u7b97\u601d\u7ef4\u7684\u65b0\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u2014\u2014\u5bf9\u5f53\u4ee3\u897f\u65b9\u53f2\u5b66\u91cf\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u65b0\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u601d\u8003\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u53f2\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u300b2016\u5e74\u7b2c1\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[9]\u201c\u81ea\u85e9\u9547\u5411\u5916\u754c\u6d41\u51fa\u201d\u800c\u975e\u201c\u81ea\u5916\u754c\u6d41\u5165\u85e9\u9547\u201d\u4e5f\u662f\u4e2d\u665a\u5510\u58eb\u4eba\u9636\u5c42\u6d41\u52a8\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u5b89\u53f2\u4e4b\u4e71\u540e\uff0c\u6cb3\u5317\u85e9\u9547\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\u589e\u5f3a\uff0c\u6cb3\u5317\u58eb\u4eba\u5927\u91cf\u5411\u4e24\u4eac\u6d41\u51fa(\u5bf9\u6b64\uff0c\u9648\u5bc5\u606a\u3001\u6bdb\u6c49\u5149\u7b49\u5747\u6709\u8bba\u8bc1\uff0c\u53c2\u89c1\u9648\u5bc5\u606a:\u300a\u8bba\u674e\u6816\u7b60\u81ea\u8d75\u5f99\u536b\u4e8b\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u91d1\u660e\u9986\u4e1b\u7a3f\u4e8c\u7f16\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c1\u20142\u9875;\u6bdb\u6c49\u5149:\u300a\u4ece\u58eb\u65cf\u7c4d\u8d2f\u8fc1\u79fb\u770b\u5510\u4ee3\u58eb\u65cf\u4e4b\u4e2d\u592e\u5316\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e2d\u53e4\u793e\u4f1a\u53f2\u8bba\u300b\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77:\u4e0a\u6d77\u4e66\u5e97\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2002\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c234\u2014333\u9875);\u5373\u4f7f\u95f4\u6216\u6709\u58eb\u4eba\u6e38\u5ba6\u6cb3\u6714\u3001\u5165\u5e55\u85e9\u9547\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f80\u5f80\u53c8\u91cd\u65b0\u8fc1\u51fa\u800c\u96be\u4ee5\u957f\u4e45\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c\u81ea\u85e9\u9547\u5411\u5916\u754c\u6d41\u51fa\u201d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u201c\u81ea\u5916\u754c\u6d41\u5165\u85e9\u9547\u201d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5341\u500d\u5de6\u53f3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[10]Harvard University, Academia Sinica, Peking University, China Biographical Database, January 1, 2018,&nbsp;https:\/\/projects.iq.harvard.edu\/cbdb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[11]CBDB\u6240\u5f55\u7684\u5916\u6d41\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u591a\u4e3a\u77e5\u540d\u6587\u58eb\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u51fa\u81ea\u4e24\u5510\u4e66\u5176\u672c\u4f20\uff0c\u5982\u674e\u5409\u752b\u524d\u4f4f\u5730\u5728\u5e73\u68d8\uff0c\u8fc1\u4f4f\u5730\u5728\u957f\u5b89;\u4f46\u4e5f\u5f55\u6709\u65b0\u51fa\u5893\u5fd7\u7684\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u6b64\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u5219\u5e38\u6709\u58eb\u4eba\u7737\u5c5e\uff0c\u5982\u6709\u4e00\u6d2a\u5e9c\u541b\u592b\u4eba\u5f20\u6c0f\u7956\u7c4d\u5728\u6e05\u6cb3\uff0c\u6b7b\u6240\u5728\u6c5f\u90fd\uff0c\u6b64\u6761\u8bb0\u5f55\u51fa\u81ea\u300a\u5510\u6545\u5f6d\u57ce\u90e1\u6d2a\u5e9c\u541b\u592b\u4eba\u5f20\u6c0f\u5893\u5fd7\u94ed\u5e76\u5e8f\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[12]\u9648\u5bc5\u606a:\u300a\u5510\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u53f2\u8ff0\u8bba\u7a3f\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c25\u201426\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[13]\u738b\u5bff\u5357:\u300a\u5510\u4ee3\u85e9\u9547\u4e0e\u4e2d\u592e\u5173\u7cfb\u4e4b\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c\u53f0\u5317:\u5927\u5316\u4e66\u5c40\uff0c1978\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[14]\u65b9\u79ef\u516d:\u300a\u8bba\u5510\u4ee3\u6cb3\u6714\u4e09\u9547\u7684\u957f\u671f\u5272\u636e\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u300b1984\u5e74\u7b2c1\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[15]\u5f20\u56fd\u521a:\u300a\u5510\u4ee3\u85e9\u9547\u5272\u636e\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u957f\u671f\u5b58\u7eed\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u5510\u4ee3\u85e9\u9547\u7814\u7a76\u300b(\u589e\u8ba2\u7248)\uff0c\u5317\u4eac:\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2010\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c72\u201482\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[16]\u9648\u5bc5\u606a:\u300a\u8bba\u674e\u6816\u7b60\u81ea\u8d75\u5f99\u536b\u4e8b\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u91d1\u660e\u9986\u4e1b\u7a3f\u4e8c\u7f16\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c1\u20142\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[17]\u6bdb\u6c49\u5149:\u300a\u4ece\u58eb\u65cf\u7c4d\u8d2f\u8fc1\u79fb\u770b\u5510\u4ee3\u58eb\u65cf\u4e4b\u4e2d\u592e\u5316\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e2d\u53e4\u793e\u4f1a\u53f2\u8bba\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c234\u2014333\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[18]\u9648\u5bc5\u606a:\u300a\u5510\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u53f2\u8ff0\u8bba\u7a3f\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c25\u201427\u9875\u3002\u9648\u6c0f\u7559\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u6b64\u7b49\u4eba\u7269\u201c\u5317\u8d70\u6cb3\u6714\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u201c\u5f53\u65e5\u793e\u4f1a\u4e4b\u5e38\u60c5\uff0c\u800c\u53d8\u6001\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[19]\u725f\u53d1\u677e:\u300a\u5893\u5fd7\u8d44\u6599\u4e2d\u7684\u6cb3\u5317\u85e9\u9547\u5f62\u8c61\u65b0\u63a2\u2014\u2014\u4ee5\u3008\u5d14\u6c0f\u5408\u7954\u5893\u5fd7\u3009\u6240\u89c1\u6210\u5fb7\u9547\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u9655\u897f\u5e08\u8303\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u62a5\u300b2008\u5e74\u7b2c3\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[20]\u738b\u8d53\u6b66:\u300a\u4e94\u4ee3\u65f6\u671f\u5317\u65b9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6743\u529b\u7ed3\u6784\u300b\uff0c\u80e1\u8000\u98de\u3001\u674e\u627f\u8bd1\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77:\u4e2d\u897f\u4e66\u5c40\uff0c2014\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c3\u9875\u3001\u7b2c199\u2014202\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[21]\u6bdb\u6c49\u5149:\u300a\u4e94\u4ee3\u4e4b\u653f\u6cbb\u5ef6\u7eed\u4e0e\u653f\u6743\u8f6c\u79fb\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e2d\u53e4\u653f\u6cbb\u53f2\u8bba\u300b\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77:\u4e0a\u6d77\u4e66\u5e97\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2002\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c432\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[22]\u674e\u78a7\u598d:\u300a\u5371\u673a\u4e0e\u91cd\u6784:\u5510\u5e1d\u56fd\u53ca\u5176\u5730\u65b9\u8bf8\u4faf\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac:\u5317\u4eac\u5e08\u8303\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2015\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[23]\u4ec7\u9e7f\u9e23:\u300a\u957f\u5b89\u4e0e\u6cb3\u5317\u4e4b\u95f4:\u4e2d\u665a\u5510\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c328\u9875\u3001\u7b2c348\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[24]\u5b5f\u5f66\u5f18:\u300a\u201c\u59d1\u606f\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u7528\u5175\u201d\u2014\u2014\u671d\u5ef7\u85e9\u9547\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u786e\u7acb\u53ca\u5176\u5b9e\u65bd\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u5510\u53f2\u8bba\u4e1b\u300b\uff0c2010\u5e74\u7b2c00\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[25]\u9646\u626c:\u300a\u8bba\u51af\u9053\u7684\u751f\u6daf\u2014\u2014\u517c\u8c08\u4e2d\u53e4\u665a\u671f\u653f\u6cbb\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u7684\u8fb9\u7f18\u4e0e\u6838\u5fc3\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u6e05\u6d41\u6587\u5316\u4e0e\u5510\u5e1d\u56fd\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac:\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2016\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c165\u2014210\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[26]\u77f3\u4e91\u6d9b:\u300a\u5510\u4ee3\u5e55\u5e9c\u5236\u5ea6\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac:\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2003\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c290\u2014311\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[27]\u9ad8\u702c\u5948\u6d25\u5b50:\u300a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u5927\u6226\u5f8c\u306e\u5510\u4ee3\u85e9\u93ae\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c\u5800\u654f\u4e00:\u300a\u5510\u672b\u4e94\u4ee3\u8b8a\u9769\u671f\u306e\u653f\u6cbb\u3068\u7d4c\u6e08\u300b\uff0c\u4e1c\u4eac:\u6c72\u53e4\u4e66\u9662\uff0c2002\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c225\u2014253\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[28]Nicolas Tackett,&nbsp;<em>The Destruciton of the Medieval Chiense Aristocracy<\/em>, Cambridge: Harvard Universtiy Asia Center, 2014, pp. 146-186.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[29]\u8fd9\u79cd\u5212\u5206\u65b9\u5f0f\u4ee5\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5730\u7406\u4e3a\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u6cb3\u5357\u9053\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u5730\u7406\u4e0a\u5e76\u975e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u4f53\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u9009\u53d6\u7684\u6cb3\u5357\u9053\u4e1c\u5317\u90e8\u85e9\u9547\uff0c\u8fd1\u4f3c\u4e8e\u6bdb\u6c49\u5149\u754c\u5b9a\u7684\u201c\u5e73\u5362\u5f90\u6dee\u201d\u5730\u533a\u3002\u53c2\u89c1\u6bdb\u6c49\u5149:\u300a\u4e94\u4ee3\u4e4b\u653f\u6cbb\u5ef6\u7eed\u4e0e\u653f\u6743\u8f6c\u79fb\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e2d\u53e4\u653f\u6cbb\u53f2\u8bba\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c432\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p 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class=\"has-small-font-size\">[31]\u8fd9\u4e00\u5047\u8bbe\u53d7\u5230\u6bdb\u6c49\u5149\u7684\u542f\u53d1\u3002\u6bdb\u6c0f\u8ba4\u4e3a:\u201c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u9547\u5dde\u66a8\u6ef9\u6cb1\u6cb3\u4e00\u7ebf\u4e43\u5b89\u53f2\u4e71\u540e\u4e4b\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u6587\u5316\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\u3002\u201d\u8fdb\u800c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5728\u9547\u5dde\u2014\u6ef9\u6cb1\u6cb3\u4e00\u7ebf\u4ee5\u5317\u4e4b\u4eba\u201c\u6b66\u8d28\u6781\u6d53\u3001\u5112\u5b66\u751a\u6de1\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u6b64\u4ee5\u5357\u5219\u76f8\u5bf9\u6587\u5316\u6c34\u51c6\u66f4\u9ad8\uff0c\u201c\u4ecd\u6709\u82e5\u5e72\u58eb\u4eba\u5728\u5404\u5730\u6559\u5b66\u6216\u4efb\u804c\u5dde\u90e1\u201d\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u85e9\u9547\u7684\u6587\u5316\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u5373\u8bd5\u56fe\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u4e0d\u540c\u201d\u9020\u6210\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u89c1\u6bdb\u6c49\u5149:\u300a\u8bba\u5b89\u53f2\u4e71\u540e\u6cb3\u5317\u5730\u533a\u4e4b\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\u2014\u2014\u4e3e\u5728\u7c4d\u5927\u58eb\u65cf\u4e3a\u4f8b\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u665a\u5510\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\u300b\uff0c\u53f0\u5317:\u5b66\u751f\u4e66\u5c40\uff0c1990\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c99\u2014111\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[32]Harvard University, Academia Sinica, Peking University, China Biographical Database.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[33]\u85e9\u9547\u53e3\u6570\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u6587\u201c\u63a7\u5236\u53d8\u91cf\u56db:\u6240\u9886\u5404\u5dde\u5e73\u5747\u53e3\u6570\u201d\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[34]\u5218\u662b\u7b49:\u300a\u65e7\u5510\u4e66\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac:\u4e2d\u534e\u4e66\u5c40\uff0c1975\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[35]\u6b27\u9633\u4fee\u3001\u5b8b\u7941\u7b49:\u300a\u65b0\u5510\u4e66\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac:\u4e2d\u534e\u4e66\u5c40\uff0c1975\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[36]\u53f8\u9a6c\u5149:\u300a\u8d44\u6cbb\u901a\u9274\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac:\u4e2d\u534e\u4e66\u5c40\uff0c1956\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p 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