{"id":6144,"date":"2021-05-11T23:33:22","date_gmt":"2021-05-11T15:33:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/?p=6144"},"modified":"2024-04-04T01:33:13","modified_gmt":"2024-04-03T17:33:13","slug":"%e5%8c%85%e5%bc%bc%e5%be%b7%e6%95%b0%e5%ad%97%e4%ba%ba%e6%96%87%e8%a6%81%e9%85%8d%e5%90%88%e5%ad%a6%e6%9c%af%e6%80%9d%e8%80%83","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/site\/works\/dhjournal\/202004\/6144.html","title":{"rendered":"\u5305\u5f3c\u5fb7:\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u8981\u914d\u5408\u5b66\u672f\u601d\u8003"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u5305\u5f3c\u5fb7&nbsp;&nbsp;\u9ad8\u65ed\u4e1c&nbsp;&nbsp;\u5c39\u5029<strong>&nbsp;<\/strong>\uff1b \u8f6c\u81ea\uff1a\u516c\u4f17\u53f7 DH\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-medium-font-size\" style=\"color:#60569a\"><strong>DHer\u8bbf\u8c08<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Wei_Xin_Tu_Pian_20210327135625-1024x436.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6013\" width=\"624\" height=\"266\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Wei_Xin_Tu_Pian_20210327135625-1024x436.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Wei_Xin_Tu_Pian_20210327135625-300x128.jpg 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Wei_Xin_Tu_Pian_20210327135625-768x327.jpg 768w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Wei_Xin_Tu_Pian_20210327135625-1536x654.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Wei_Xin_Tu_Pian_20210327135625.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 624px) 100vw, 624px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u5305\u5f3c\u5fb7&nbsp;&nbsp;\u9ad8\u65ed\u4e1c&nbsp;&nbsp;\u5c39\u5029&nbsp;<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u53d7\u8bbf\u4eba\u7b80\u4ecb:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5305\u5f3c\u5fb7(Peter K. Bol)\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u8457\u540d\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u53f2\u5b66\u8005\uff0c\u73b0\u4efb\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u4e1c\u4e9a\u8bed\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u517c\u4efb\u300a\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u300b\u5b63\u520a\u987e\u95ee\u30021980\u5e74\u83b7\u7f8e\u56fd\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u4e2d\u56fd\u53f2\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\uff0c2005\u5e74\u521b\u529e\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u5730\u7406\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u5fc3(HCGA)\u5e76\u62c5\u4efb\u9996\u5c4a\u4e3b\u4efb\uff0c\u66fe\u4efb\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u4e1c\u4e9a\u8bed\u8a00\u6587\u660e\u7cfb\u4e3b\u4efb\u3001\u4e1c\u4e9a\u56fd\u5bb6\u8d44\u6e90\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4efb\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u53d1\u5c55\u526f\u6559\u52a1\u957f\u7b49\u804c\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u6ce87\u81f317\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u53f2\u3001\u58eb\u7ec5\u53f2\u4e0e\u5730\u65b9\u53f2\uff0c\u6709\u300a\u65af\u6587:\u5510\u5b8b\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u8f6c\u578b\u300b(<em>\u201cThis Culture of Ours\u201d: Intellectual Transitions in T&#8217;ang and Sung China<\/em>)\u3001\u300a\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u7406\u5b66\u300b(<em>Neo-Confucianism in History<\/em>)\u7b49\u591a\u90e8\u8bba\u8457\u3002\u4e3b\u6301\u5efa\u8bbe\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u4ee3\u4eba\u7269\u4f20\u8bb0\u8d44\u6599\u5e93(CBDB)\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u5730\u7406\u4fe1\u606f\u7cfb\u7edf(CHGIS)\uff0c\u5e76\u62c5\u4efb\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u4ee3\u4eba\u7269\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u9879\u76ee\u6267\u884c\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4e3b\u5e2d\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u5730\u7406\u4fe1\u606f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4efb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u91c7\u8bbf\u4eba\u7b80\u4ecb:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9ad8\u65ed\u4e1c\uff0c\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u9662\u535a\u58eb\u7814\u7a76\u751f;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5c39\u5029\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u5927\u5b66\u6587\u5b66\u9662\u535a\u58eb\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u8bbf\u8c08\u5730\u70b9:<\/span><\/strong>\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u4eba\u6587\u793e\u79d1\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u62a5\u544a\u5385<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u8bbf\u8c08\u65f6\u95f4:<\/span><\/strong>2019\u5e7412\u670815\u65e5<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_1-5-835x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6145\" width=\"412\" height=\"505\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_1-5-835x1024.png 835w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_1-5-245x300.png 245w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_1-5-768x942.png 768w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tu_1-5.png 1078w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 412px) 100vw, 412px\" \/><figcaption>\u5305\u5f3c\u5fb7\u6559\u6388\u5728\u300a\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u300b\u521b\u520a\u4f1a\u4e0a\u53d1\u8a00<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u95ee:\u60a8\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1a\u9009\u62e9\u5510\u5b8b\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4f5c\u4e3a\u91cd\u70b9\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7b54:\u5f53\u6211\u8fd8\u662f\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u5173\u6ce8\u5510\u5b8b\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u56e0\u4e3a\u5510\u5b8b\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u53d8\u9769\u65f6\u671f\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u754c\u6709\u201c\u5510\u5b8b\u53d8\u9769\u8bba\u201d\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5174\u8da3\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u53d7\u5230\u5bfc\u5e08\u6216\u8005\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u7eaf\u7cb9\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u6211\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u7231\u597d\u3002\u6211\u5728\u300a\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u7406\u5b66\u300b\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\u91cc\u6709\u76f8\u5173\u53d9\u8ff0<sup>[1]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u95ee:\u60a8\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u9010\u6e10\u5173\u6ce8\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u7684?\u53c8\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5c55\u5f00\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u7814\u7a76?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7b54:\u6211\u4e0d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u3002\u6211\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u8005\uff0c\u6301\u6709\u7684\u4e5f\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7acb\u573a\u3002\u6211\u521a\u5f00\u59cb\u63a5\u89e6\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u662f\u57281970\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u73b0\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e2a\u4eba\u7535\u8111\u3002\u57281977\u5e74\u81f31979\u5e74\uff0c\u6211\u5199\u535a\u58eb\u8bba\u6587\u65f6\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u6253\u5b57\u673a\u6253\u5b57\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u8270\u5de8\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002\u4e25\u683c\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u6765\u8bb2\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u662f\u4e2a\u597d\u6253\u5b57\u5458\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u8bba\u6587\u5199\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u6bcf\u9875\u90fd\u4f1a\u72af\u6253\u5b57\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u542c\u8bf4\u6211\u4eec\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u7535\u8111\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u884c\u7f16\u8f91\u5668(line editor)\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u6587\u672c\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\uff0c\u5b83\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u8fdb\u884c\u6587\u672c\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u4fee\u6539\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u6700\u5f00\u59cb\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u7535\u8111\u201d\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u3002\u4ece\u90a3\u65f6\u8d77\uff0c\u6211\u53d1\u73b0\u7535\u8111\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u6781\u5927\u5730\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5927\u7ea6\u662f1970\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5730\u7406\u4fe1\u606f\u7cfb\u7edf(GIS)\u5f00\u59cb\u5174\u8d77\u3002\u540e\u6765\u57281980\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u7cfb\u578b\u6570\u636e\u8d44\u6599\u5e93\uff0c\u8fd9\u548c\u6587\u672c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u8fd9\u6b21\u5de5\u4f5c\u574a\u4e0a\uff0c\u9648\u677e\u8001\u5e08\u8bb2\u6388\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u578b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u30021990\u5e74\u4ee3\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u3002\u521a\u597d\u90a3\u65f6\u6211\u4eec\u5f00\u59cb\u7814\u7a76\u5730\u65b9\u53f2\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u81ea\u5df1\u505a\u5173\u7cfb\u578b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u90a3\u65f6\uff0c\u5b66\u8005\u90dd\u82e5\u8d1d(Robert M. Hartwell,1932-1996)\u6709\u4e00\u5929\u6765\u95ee\u6211:\u201c\u6211\u8fc7\u53bb\u6536\u96c6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8d44\u6599\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u8d60\u9001\u7ed9\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66?\u201d<sup>[2]<\/sup>\u6211\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u53ef\u4ee5\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u53cd\u5bf9\u201d\u3002\u6211\u6ca1\u6709\u60f3\u5230\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u4ed6\u7a81\u7136\u53bb\u4e16\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u6536\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d44\u6599\u4ee5\u540e\u5c31\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u60f3\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u600e\u6837\u5bf9\u5176\u7ee7\u7eed\u4fdd\u5b58\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u5462?2000\u5e74\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u548c\u590d\u65e6\u5927\u5b66\u5386\u53f2\u5730\u7406\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u845b\u5251\u96c4\u8001\u5e08\u548c\u6ee1\u5fd7\u654f\u8001\u5e08\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u90dd\u82e5\u8d1d\u9001\u7ed9\u54c8\u4f5b\u7684\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u5730\u7406\u4fe1\u606f\u7cfb\u7edf(China Historical Geographic Information System\uff0c\u7f29\u5199\u4f5cCHGIS)\u3002\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u7ed9\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u540c\u7684\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5730\u540d\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u6620\u5c04\u5728\u5730\u7406\u5e95\u56fe\u4e0a\u3002\u8fd9\u867d\u7136\u662f\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u82b1\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u5e74\u624d\u5b8c\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2005\u5e74\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f00\u59cb\u505a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u4ee3\u4eba\u7269\u4f20\u8bb0\u8d44\u6599\u5e93(China Biographical Database\uff0c\u7f29\u5199\u4f5cCBDB)\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\u4e5f\u5229\u7528\u4e86\u90dd\u82e5\u8d1d\u7559\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u5171\u6709\u4e24\u4e07\u591a\u4eba\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u540c\u6837\u5bf9\u8fd9\u6279\u6570\u636e\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u5085\u541b\u52a2(Michael A. Fuller)\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e3b\u5bfc\u4e86\u5c06\u8fd9\u6279\u6570\u636e\u5236\u4f5c\u6210\u5173\u7cfb\u578b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c<sup>[3]<\/sup>\u3002\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u9648\u677e\u8001\u5e08\u4e5f\u52a0\u5165\u8fdb\u6765<sup>[4]<\/sup>\u3002\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u9093\u5c0f\u5357\u8001\u5e08\u3001\u535a\u58eb\u751f\u65b9\u8bda\u5cf0\u7b49\u7b49\u4e5f\u9646\u7eed\u52a0\u5165<sup>[5]<\/sup>\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u4ece\u300a\u53f2\u8bb0\u300b\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u5305\u542b\u4eba\u7269\u4f20\u8bb0\u8d44\u6599\u7684\u53f2\u7c4d\u5f00\u59cb\u51fa\u73b0\u2014\u2014\u300a\u53f2\u8bb0\u300b\u5927\u6982\u4e00\u534a\u90fd\u662f\u4f20\u8bb0\u8d44\u6599\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u7684\u4f20\u8bb0\u8d44\u6599\u975e\u5e38\u591a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u6df1\u5165\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5f00\u59cb\u5efa\u8bbe\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u7528\u5230\u4e86\u53f0\u6e7e\u201c\u4e2d\u7814\u9662\u201d\u7684\u6c49\u7c4d\u7535\u5b50\u6587\u732e\u8d44\u6599\u5e93\u3002\u90a3\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f00\u59cb\u5f15\u5165\u548c\u5b66\u4e60\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6280\u672f\u6765\u6316\u6398\u6570\u5b57\u6587\u672c\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5f53\u65f6\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u4ee3\u4eba\u7269\u4f20\u8bb0\u8d44\u6599\u5e93\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u975e\u5e38\u4e30\u5bcc\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4eec\u5bf9\u5b83\u611f\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u524d\u5f80\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u4ee3\u4eba\u7269\u4f20\u8bb0\u8d44\u6599\u5e93\u7684\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u5c0f\u7ec4\u8fdb\u884c\u54a8\u8be2<sup>[6]<\/sup>\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u767b\u5f55\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e86\u89e3\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f<sup>[7]<\/sup>\uff0c\u5728\u9879\u76ee\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e13\u95e8\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u4ee3\u4eba\u7269\u4f20\u8bb0\u8d44\u6599\u5e93\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u548c\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u8fd1\u65b0\u589e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5510\u4ee3\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u6b63\u5728\u5229\u7528\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e1b\u4e66\u7efc\u5f55\u300b\u8fdb\u884c\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u7c4d\u76ee\u5f55\u8d44\u6599\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6316\u6398\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u5728\u79ef\u6781\u63a8\u8fdb\u5730\u65b9\u5fd7\u3001\u7f19\u7ec5\u5f55\u548c\u5b8b\u4ee3\u7684\u5893\u5fd7\u94ed\u7b49\u591a\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6316\u6398\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u95ee:\u60a8\u662f\u5e26\u7740\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5efa\u7acb\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684?\u60a8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u7814\u7a76\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u7279\u8272?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7b54:\u6211\u4eec\u505a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e0d\u662f\u4ece\u7814\u7a76\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u95ee\u9898\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5efa\u6a21\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u505a\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e13\u95e8\u7ed9\u6211\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u9009\u9898\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed9\u5b66\u754c\u6574\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6587\u5b66\u53f2\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u53f2\u7b49\u7b49\u2014\u2014\u6211\u5e0c\u671b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u5207\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5f88\u65e9\u5c31\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u7814\u7a76\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u5408\u4f5c(collaborative work)\u624d\u80fd\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u6216\u8005\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u673a\u6784\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5c31\u6211\u4e2a\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6211\u505a\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u5173\u4e8e\u5730\u65b9\u53f2\u3001\u5730\u65b9\u5fd7\u3001\u5730\u65b9\u7cbe\u82f1\u548c\u58eb\u5927\u592b\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230<sup>[8]<\/sup>\u3002\u6211\u6700\u8fd1\u5199\u5b8c\u7684\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\u5c31\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u5730\u65b9\u53f2\u7684:\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5173\u6ce8\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u5730\u56fe\u8003\u5bdf\u4e86\u4ece12\u4e16\u7eaa\u523016\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u53d8\u8fc1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7814\u7a76\u9700\u8981\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u5230\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5c31\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u9879\u76ee\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5408\u4f5c\u65b9\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\uff0c\u7531\u591a\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u5171\u540c\u5408\u4f5c\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c\u7edd\u4e0d\u662f\u4ee5\u6211\u4e00\u5df1\u4e4b\u529b\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u7ec4\u5728\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u662f\u548c\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u9093\u67ef\u526f\u6559\u6388\u5408\u4f5c\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8981\u8bf4\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u72ec\u7279\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u9700\u8981\u5411\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u7533\u8bf7\u8d44\u91d1\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u591a\u4e2a\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" 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Information System\uff0c\u7f29\u5199\u4f5cGIS)\u6db5\u62ec\u5730\u7406\u5b66\u3001\u5730\u56fe\u5b66\u4ee5\u53ca\u9065\u611f\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u7a7a\u95f4\u4fe1\u606f\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\u548c\u5904\u7406\u2014\u2014\u7b80\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5bf9\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u548c\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u5206\u6790\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u901a\u8fc7\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u5730\u7406\u4fe1\u606f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6784\u5efa\u548c\u5b8c\u5584\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4f20\u7edf\u4eba\u6587\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u5229\u7528\u6570\u636e\u8d44\u6e90\u8fdb\u884c\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u66f4\u6613\u4e8e\u4ece\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u7ef4\u5ea6\u5168\u9762\u4e86\u89e3\u67d0\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u5386\u53f2\u3001\u67d0\u4e00\u5730\u57df\u6587\u5316\u4ee5\u53ca\u67d0\u4e00\u8bd7\u6b4c\u6d41\u6d3e\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u95ee:\u60a8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u80fd\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u771f\u5b9e\u201d\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5417?\u60a8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u662f\u5426\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8ffd\u6c42\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5?\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u4ee3\u4eba\u7269\u4f20\u8bb0\u8d44\u6599\u5e93\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u6709\u7248\u672c\u9009\u62e9\u548c\u6587\u732e\u7ea0\u9519?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7b54:\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u805a\u7126\u7684\u662f\u67d0\u4e00\u5386\u53f2\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u3001\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4ee5\u53ca\u76f8\u5173\u53f2\u6599\u7b49\uff0c\u662f\u5bf9\u201c\u5386\u53f2\u201d\u7684\u518d\u9610\u91ca\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u4f60\u4eec\u8c08\u5230\u7684\u53f2\u5b98\u6709\u65f6\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u201c\u771f\u5b9e\u201d\u8bb0\u5f55\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u4e3b\u8981\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u4e24\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u91ca:\u4e00\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u201c\u76f8\u5bf9\u771f\u5b9e\u6027\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u5ba2\u89c2\u552f\u4e00\u6027\u201d\u3002\u4ece\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e0a\u6765\u8bb2\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u5177\u6709\u552f\u4e00\u6027\u3002\u8bda\u7136\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u672c\u6216\u8bb8\u662f\u7531\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u6216\u8005\u80dc\u5229\u8005\u4e66\u5199\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u53f2\u5b98\u5728\u8bb0\u5f55\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4ecd\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u5bf9\u771f\u5b9e\u6027\u3002\u4e8c\u662f\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u5177\u4f53\u5386\u53f2\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5e94\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u5c31\u540c\u4e00\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u4ef6\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7acb\u573a\u65b9\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5c3d\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u654c\u5bf9\u53cc\u65b9\u5229\u76ca\u548c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5bf9\u540c\u4e00\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u548c\u8bc4\u4ef7\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5927\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u6b63\u53f2\u548c\u91ce\u53f2\u7b49\u4e0d\u540c\u6027\u8d28\u4e66\u7c4d\u7684\u9605\u8bfb\uff0c\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u4e92\u76f8\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7814\u7a76\u8def\u5f84\u6216\u8bb8\u53ef\u4ee5\u56de\u5e94\u4f60\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u6027\u7684\u5b58\u7591\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u540c\u610f\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8ffd\u6c42\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5f53\u4f60\u8981\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f20\u8bb0\u8d44\u6599\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\uff0c\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u786e\u5b9a\u6536\u96c6\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4ec0\u4e48\u5b57\u6bb5(fields)\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7f16\u8f91\u54ea\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u8868(tables)\uff0c\u5bf9\u5417?\u8fd9\u91cc\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf4\u6cd5:\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u662f\u6536\u96c6\u53f2\u7c4d\u4e2d\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u9648\u8ff0(factoid)\u3002\u5b83\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u5bf9\u8fd8\u662f\u4e0d\u5bf9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u8be6\u52a0\u8003\u8bc1\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u4ee3\u4eba\u7269\u4f20\u8bb0\u8d44\u6599\u5e93\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u6536\u96c6\u6587\u732e\u91cc\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u9648\u8ff0\uff0c\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u53d8\u6210\u6570\u636e\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u6587\u732e\u4f20\u8bb0\u8d44\u6599\u6709\u65f6\u4f1a\u4e0d\u51c6\u786e\uff0c\u5728\u7f16\u7e82\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u6709\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u8fd8\u4f1a\u6709\u504f\u89c1\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u518d\u4e09\u63d0\u9192\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u4ee3\u4eba\u7269\u4f20\u8bb0\u8d44\u6599\u5e93\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\u5178\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u662f\u8981\u5229\u7528\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u6570\u636e\u624d\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u53d1\u73b0\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u4e4b\u4e2d\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f(patterns)\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u7ed9\u4f60\u4e00\u5343\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u4f60\u8bf4\u53ea\u80fd\u627e\u523030\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u5f71\u54cd?\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c11\u91cf\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u6570\u636e\u53eb\u4f5c\u8bef\u5dee\u8303\u56f4(margin of error)\uff0c\u5373\u6b63\u6001\u5206\u5e03\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5ffd\u89c6\u7684\u5c0f\u6982\u7387\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7248\u672c\u9009\u62e9\u5f53\u7136\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4f60\u8981\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u597d\u3001\u6700\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u8d44\u6599\u6765\u6e90\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u4ee3\u4eba\u7269\u4f20\u8bb0\u8d44\u6599\u5e93\u91cc\uff0c\u6807\u6ce8\u7528\u54ea\u4e00\u5e74\u3001\u54ea\u4e00\u6708\u7684\u54ea\u4e00\u4e2a\u7248\u672c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53d1\u73b0\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u8ffd\u6eaf\u548c\u4fee\u6b63\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u95ee:\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u7814\u7a76\u662f\u5426\u6709\u5c40\u9650?\u8fd9\u79cd\u5c40\u9650\u5e94\u5f53\u5982\u4f55\u514b\u670d?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7b54:\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u7814\u7a76\u5f53\u7136\u662f\u6709\u5c40\u9650\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u6709\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u50cf\u4f60\u521a\u624d\u8bf4\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u3002\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u53ea\u662f\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u6a21\u578b(models of life)\uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u662f\u51b7\u51b0\u51b0\u7684\u673a\u8bfb(machine readable)\u6570\u636e\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5728\u5173\u7cfb\u578b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u91cc\u505a\u4e00\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4fe1\u606f\u6216\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u53c8\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u53d1\u73b0\u4ece12\u4e16\u7eaa\u523014\u4e16\u7eaa\u58eb\u5927\u592b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u6a21\u5f0f\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u8fd9\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u89e3\u91ca\u5b83\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u6539\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f60\u77e5\u9053\u7535\u8111\u5f88\u201c\u7b28\u201d\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7ed9\u4f60\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u4f60\u867d\u7136\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u5728\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u8981\u89e3\u91ca\u600e\u4e48\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u3001\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1a\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u95ee:\u60a8\u662f\u5426\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u5bf9\u201c\u4e24\u79cd\u6587\u5316\u201d\u7684\u6c9f\u901a\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9?\u60a8\u5982\u4f55\u9884\u671f\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u8d70\u5411?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7b54:\u6211\u4e0d\u8ba4\u540c\u65af\u8bfa(C. P. Snow)\u5173\u4e8e\u201c\u4e24\u79cd\u6587\u5316\u201d\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u4eba\u6587(humanities)\u548c\u79d1\u5b66(science)\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66(social science)\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u5bf9\u201c\u4e24\u79cd\u6587\u5316\u201d\u7684\u6c9f\u901a\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5173\u4e8e\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u7684\u9884\u671f\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u6216\u8bb8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u6765\u89e3\u91ca:\u4f60\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5c06\u6765\u7684\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4fe1\u606f\u6280\u672f\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u8fd8\u662f\u66f4\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981?\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6280\u672f\u5c06\u4e0d\u518d\u90a3\u4e48\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u7ba1\u6570\u5b57\u6280\u672f\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u65b9\u65b9\u9762\u9762\u5f71\u54cd;\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4fe1\u606f\u6280\u672f\u5c06\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u90a3\u4f60\u5c31\u8981\u53bb\u63a8\u8fdb\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u201c\u6570\u5b57\u6587\u5316\u201d(Digital Culture)\u4e5f\u662f\u5f53\u4ee3\u6587\u5316\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5f53\u4ee3\u6587\u5316\u6b63\u662f\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u3002\u968f\u7740\u6570\u5b57\u6280\u672f\u548c\u5a92\u4ecb\u6280\u672f\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u53bb\u7814\u7a76\u5a92\u4ecb\u6280\u672f\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0b\u7684\u5f53\u4ee3\u6587\u5316\u4e5f\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u95ee:\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u662f\u5426\u5bf9\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6280\u672f\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u8981\u6c42?\u60a8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u76ee\u524d\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u514b\u670d\u54ea\u4e9b\u56f0\u96be?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7b54:\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u80fd\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5c06\u4f1a\u5728\u6570\u636e\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790(data and data analysis)\u65b9\u9762\u7ed9\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u754c\u5e26\u6765\u53d8\u9769\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u7b97\u6cd5\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u4f60\u6ca1\u6709\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e13\u4e1a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u73b0\u5728\u60f3\u505a\u4e00\u4e9b\u5173\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u6709\u4eba\u6279\u8bc4\u9053:\u4f60\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u57fa\u7840\u5e76\u4e0d\u624e\u5b9e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u6211\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b66\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6211\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7f16\u7a0b\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u505a\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u6211\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u61c2\u5f97\u4e00\u70b9\u70b9\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u4f60\u8bb2\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406(natural language processing)\uff0c\u6211\u61c2\u4f60\u8bb2\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u61c2\u5f97\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u90fd\u5728\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u8981\u4e3b\u5bfc\u975e\u5e38\u590d\u6742\u7684\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u5404\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u8981\u61c2\u5f97\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u77e5\u9053\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\uff0c\u77e5\u9053\u5904\u7406\u95ee\u9898\u6700\u597d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u53d1\u5c55\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u4e8e\u7ecf\u8d39\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7535\u5b50\u6587\u672c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5df2\u7ecf\u5546\u4e1a\u5316\u4e86\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7231\u5982\u751f\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u63a8\u52a8\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u4ee3\u4eba\u7269\u4f20\u8bb0\u8d44\u6599\u5e93\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u5c31\u662f\u8ba9\u5b83\u5546\u4e1a\u5316\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u4ee3\u4eba\u7269\u4f20\u8bb0\u8d44\u6599\u5e93\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u8bb8\u591a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u4e0d\u540c:\u5b83\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9762\u5411\u7528\u6237\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u68c0\u7d22\u754c\u9762\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u578b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u67e5\u8be2\u7cfb\u7edf(query system)\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u5982\u4f55\u5efa\u7acb\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u67e5\u8be2\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u61c2\u5f97\u6570\u636e(data)\u3001\u6570\u636e\u8868(table)\u3001\u7f16\u7801(coding)\u7b49\u672f\u8bed\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" 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infrastructure)\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u6709\u786c\u4ef6\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u90fd\u662f\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7814\u7a76\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u597d\u5904\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e13\u5bb6\u90fd\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u61c2\u5f97\u4e00\u4e9b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5de5\u4f5c\u8d77\u6765\u6bd4\u8f83\u5bb9\u6613\u3002\u770b\u5230\u5f88\u591a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u65b0\u4eba\u53c2\u52a0\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u611f\u5230\u5f88\u9ad8\u5174\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u574f\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u4e3e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50:\u57281920\u5e74\u4ee3\u52301930\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u71d5\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u6d2a\u4e1a\u5148\u751f\u5f00\u59cb\u4e3b\u6301\u505a\u201c\u5f15\u5f97\u201d\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u90a3\u4e2a\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6ca1\u6709\u201c\u5f15\u5f97\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u662f18\u81f319\u4e16\u7eaa\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u5f00\u59cb\u6162\u6162\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u539f\u672c\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u770b\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u66f4\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u5f15\u5f97\u201d\u770b\u201c\u56db\u4e66\u4e94\u7ecf\u201d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u6709\u4eba\u6279\u8bc4\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u5f15\u5f97\u201d\u4e0d\u597d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4f1a\u4f7f\u5f97\u4eba\u4eec\u4e0d\u518d\u901a\u8bfb\u7ecf\u4e66\u672c\u8eab\u4e86\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u89c9\u5f97\uff0c\u201c\u5f15\u5f97\u201d\u9010\u6e10\u8ba9\u66f4\u591a\u4eba\u5f00\u59cb\u770b\u5230\u7ecf\u4e66\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u52a0\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u65b0\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-medium-font-size\"><strong><span style=\"color:#0272a2\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u9644\u5f55:\u5305\u5f3c\u5fb7\u6559\u6388\u5728\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u300a\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u300b\u521b\u520a\u4eea\u5f0f\u4e0a\u7684\u53d1\u8a00\u7eaa\u8981<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2019\u5e7412\u670815\u65e5\uff0c\u300a\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u300b\u521b\u520a\u4eea\u5f0f\u5728\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u4eba\u6587\u793e\u79d1\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u62a5\u544a\u5385\u9686\u91cd\u4e3e\u884c\u3002\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u5305\u5f3c\u5fb7(Peter K. Bol)\u6559\u6388\u53d7\u9080\u505a\u4e3b\u65e8\u6f14\u8bb2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9488\u5bf9\u300a\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u300b\u521b\u520a\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u9700\u8981\u4ece\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u8fdb\u884c\u53cd\u601d\uff0c\u805a\u7126\u4e24\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u95ee\u9898:\u4e00\u662f\u660e\u786e\u4f55\u4e3a\u201c\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u201d;\u4e8c\u662f\u5b66\u4e60\u4e0e\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u6280\u672f\u662f\u5426\u503c\u5f97\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u501f\u52a9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u672f\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u53d6\u5f97\u4f20\u7edf\u7814\u7a76\u65e0\u6cd5\u53d6\u5f97\u7684\u6210\u679c?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\u6587\u5b66\u3001\u827a\u672f\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7b49\u4e0d\u540c\u5b66\u79d1\u9886\u57df\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5b66\u8005\u5bf9\u201c\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u201d\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9610\u91ca\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\uff0c\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u4e24\u79cd\u7814\u7a76\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u5b66\u8005\u6a21\u5f0f\u201d(&#8220;Scholar&#8221; modes)\u548c\u201c\u521b\u9020\u8005\u6a21\u5f0f\u201d(&#8220;Maker&#8221; modes)\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u827a\u672f\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002\u201c\u5b66\u8005\u6a21\u5f0f\u201d\u4e0b\u5bf9\u201c\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u201d\u7684\u9610\u91ca\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u6307\u4f5c\u8005\u6216\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u8fd0\u7528\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u76f8\u5173\u6280\u672f\u5bf9\u4f5c\u54c1\u8fdb\u884c\u91cf\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b;\u201c\u521b\u9020\u8005\u6a21\u5f0f\u201d\u4e0b\u5bf9\u201c\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u201d\u7684\u8be0\u91ca\u5219\u6307\u8fd0\u7528\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5efa\u6784\u6570\u636e\u3001\u5de5\u5177\u3001\u5e73\u53f0\u7b49\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7814\u7a76\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u548c\u521b\u4f5c\u8005\u5bf9\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u4e0d\u5c3d\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u4ed6\u4ece\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u5bf9\u201c\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u201d\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u754c\u5b9a:\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u662f\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ece\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u7684\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff0c\u5c06\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u7814\u7a76\u8303\u5f0f\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u4eba\u6587\u7814\u7a76\u8303\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u51fa\u7591\u95ee:\u201c\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u8303\u5f0f\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u80fd\u53d6\u5f97\u65b0\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u4e0e\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u5417?\u201d\u201c\u5b58\u5728\u53ea\u6709\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u624d\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5417?\u201d\u4ee5\u53ca\u201c\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u7814\u7a76\u8303\u5f0f\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u5417?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u201c\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u201d\u4e24\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u56de\u6eaf\uff0c\u4ed6\u7b80\u8981\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u520a\u300b(<em>Journal of Chinese History<\/em>)\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u5206\u522b\u4ece\u201c\u7814\u7a76\u671f\u520a\u201d\u201c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u5e73\u53f0\u201d\u4ee5\u53ca\u201c\u7ed3\u8bba\u548c\u6311\u6218\u201d\u4e09\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6df1\u5165\u5256\u6790:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u6709\u5173\u4e2d\u56fd\u53f2\u5b66\u6570\u5b57\u5b66\u672f\u4e13\u520a\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u805a\u7126\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u4ee3\u3001\u4e0d\u540c\u7814\u7a76\u89c6\u57df\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u9762\u5411\u6570\u636e\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u548c\u7814\u7a76:\u6bd4\u5982\u5085\u541b\u52a2(Michael A. Fuller)\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u5efa\u6a21\u4e0e\u97f5\u5f8b\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u8c2d\u51ef(Nicolas Tackett)\u7684\u5510\u671d\u5be1\u5934\u653f\u6cbb\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u9b4f\u5e0c\u5fb7(Hilde de Weerdt)\u7684\u5b8b\u8bcd\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u9648\u677e(Chen Song)\u5bf9\u5b8b\u4ee3\u7891\u6587\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u859b\u51e4(Dagmar Schaefer)\u7684\u5143\u4ee3\u81ea\u7136\u707e\u5bb3\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u9648\u5fc5\u4f73(Chen Bijia)\u7684\u6e05\u671d\u5b98\u50da\u673a\u6784\u9610\u91ca\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e38\u8d85\u4e00(Charles Chang)\u7684\u5f53\u4ee3\u57ce\u5e02\u7814\u7a76\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3001\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u5e73\u53f0\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u65e8\u5728\u5411\u4e0d\u5177\u5907\u7f16\u7a0b\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u8005\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6ca1\u6709\u6280\u672f\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u5229\u7528\u5927\u91cf\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u4ed6\u7ed3\u5408\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u5177\u4ee5\u53ca\u7814\u7a76\u5e73\u53f0\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0cCBDB(China Biographical Database\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u4ee3\u4eba\u7269\u4f20\u8bb0\u8d44\u6599\u5e93)\u3001CHGIS(China Historical Geographic Information System\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u5730\u7406\u4fe1\u606f\u7cfb\u7edf)\u3001Ctext(Chinese Text Project\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u54f2\u5b66\u4e66\u7535\u5b50\u5316\u8ba1\u5212)\u3001LoGaRT(Local Gazetteers Research 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