{"id":7217,"date":"2021-06-17T13:38:00","date_gmt":"2021-06-17T05:38:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/?p=7217"},"modified":"2021-06-16T13:58:51","modified_gmt":"2021-06-16T05:58:51","slug":"%e8%bf%9c%e8%af%bb%e3%80%81%e6%96%87%e5%ad%a6%e5%ae%9e%e9%aa%8c%e5%ae%a4%e4%b8%8e%e6%95%b0%e5%ad%97%e4%ba%ba%e6%96%87%ef%bc%9a%e5%bc%97%e6%9c%97%e5%93%a5%e2%88%99%e8%8e%ab%e8%8e%b1%e8%92%82%e7%9a%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/site\/works\/papers\/type\/textmining\/7217.html","title":{"rendered":"\u8fdc\u8bfb\u3001\u6587\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u4e0e\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\uff1a\u5f17\u6717\u54e5\u2219\u83ab\u83b1\u8482\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u8def\u5f84"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u6768\u73b2\uff1b\u8f6c\u81ea\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7f51\uff1b\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u5916\u6587\u8bba\u300b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color:#0071a1\" class=\"has-inline-color\">&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><span style=\"color:#0071a1\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u6458 \u8981\uff1a<\/span><\/strong>\u5f17\u6717\u54e5\u00b7\u83ab\u83b1\u8482\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u5f53\u4ee3\u77e5\u540d\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u5728\u6587\u5b66\u53f2\u3001\u6bd4\u8f83\u6587\u5b66\u548c\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u90fd\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u672c\u6587\u56f4\u7ed5\u83ab\u83b1\u8482\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u8fdc\u8bfb\u6982\u5ff5\u53ca\u5176\u6240\u521b\u7acb\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\uff0c\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u4ed6\u5229\u7528\u5b9a\u91cf\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e8b\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u601d\u8def\u548c\u6210\u679c\u3002\u83ab\u83b1\u8482\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8def\u5f84\u6216\u53ef\u4e3a\u5f53\u4e0b\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b66\u754c\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e89\u8bae\u548c\u56f0\u60d1\u63d0\u4f9b\u522b\u6837\u7684\u601d\u8def\uff1b\u4ed6\u4e0d\u65ad\u5c06\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u878d\u5165\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u4e5f\u503c\u5f97\u56fd\u5185\u5b66\u8005\u501f\u9274\u548c\u6548\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><span style=\"color:#0071a1\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\uff1a<\/span><\/strong>\u5f17\u6717\u54e5\u00b7\u83ab\u83b1\u8482\u3001\u8fdc\u8bfb\u3001\u6587\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u3001\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u3001\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><span style=\"color:#0071a1\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u4f5c\u8005\u7b80\u4ecb\uff1a<\/span><\/strong>\u6768\u73b2\uff0c\u53a6\u95e8\u5927\u5b66\u4e2d\u6587\u7cfb\u52a9\u7406\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u4ece\u4e8b\u5a92\u4ecb\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u897f\u65b9\u6587\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u5df2\u51fa\u7248\u4e13\u8457\u300a\u8f6c\u578b\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5a31\u4e50\u72c2\u6b22\u2014\u2014\u8d85\u5973\u7c89\u4e1d\u4e0e\u5927\u4f17\u6587\u5316\u6d88\u8d39\u300b(2012)\uff0c\u7f16\u8457\u300a\u7c89\u4e1d\u6587\u5316\u8bfb\u672c\u300b(2009)\u3001\u300a\u540d\u4eba\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u8bfb\u672c\u300b\uff082013\uff09\u3001Boys\u2019 Love, Cosplay, and Androgynous Idols\uff1aQueer Fan Cultures in Mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan (2017)\uff0c\u5e76\u5728Cultural Studies\uff0cInternational Journal of Cultural Studies\uff0c\u300a\u6587\u827a\u7814\u7a76\u300b\u3001\u300a\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u300b\u7b49\u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u520a\u7269\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u8fc7\u591a\u7bc7\u5b66\u672f\u8bba\u6587\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color:#0071a1\" class=\"has-inline-color\">&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u5f17\u6717\u54e5\u00b7\u83ab\u83b1\u8482\uff08Franco Moretti\uff09\u662f\u65af\u5766\u798f\u5927\u5b66\u82f1\u8bed\u548c\u6bd4\u8f83\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u8bb2\u5e2d\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u5e76\u521b\u7acb\u4e86\u65af\u5766\u798f\u6587\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\uff08Standford Literary Lab\uff09\u30022014\u5e743\u6708\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u96c6\u300a\u8fdc\u8bfb\u300b\uff08Distant Reading\uff09\u56e0\u201c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5927\u80c6\u800c\u4e0d\u540c\u5bfb\u5e38\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u201d\u83b7\u5f97\u7f8e\u56fd\u201c\u5168\u56fd\u56fe\u4e66\u8bc4\u8bba\u754c\u6279\u8bc4\u5956\u201d\u3002<sup>[1]<\/sup>\u622a\u6b622016\u5e74\uff0c\u83ab\u83b1\u8482\u5df2\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u4e03\u90e8\u82f1\u6587\u4e13\u8457\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3b\u7f16\u4e86\u4e00\u90e8\u5173\u4e8e\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u4e66\u300a\u5c0f\u8bf4\u300b\uff08The Novel\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u6587\u5b66\u53f2\u3001\u6bd4\u8f83\u6587\u5b66\u548c\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u90fd\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u56fd\u5185\u76ee\u524d\u867d\u7136\u5df2\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u591a\u7bc7\u5173\u4e8e\u83ab\u83b1\u8482\u7684\u8bba\u6587\uff0c<sup>[2]<\/sup>\u4f46\u5c1a\u672a\u6709\u4eba\u5173\u6ce8\u5230\u6587\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u7ecd\u4ecb\u8fd8\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u8bef\u8bd1\u548c\u8bef\u8bfb\u3002<sup>[3]<\/sup>\u672c\u6587\u4ee5\u83ab\u83b1\u8482\u53ca\u5176\u56e2\u961f\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u53d1\u8868\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408\u76f8\u5173\u4e66\u8bc4\u3001\u8ba8\u8bba\u548c\u8bbf\u8c08\uff0c\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u4ed6\u5229\u7528\u5b9a\u91cf\uff08quantitative\uff09\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\uff08computational\uff09\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e8b\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u601d\u8def\u548c\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u5e76\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u542f\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">\u3000<strong><span style=\"color:#0071a1\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u3000\u4e00\u3001\u201c\u8fdc\u8bfb\u201d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8df5<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u83ab\u83b1\u8482\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6709\u5176\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u5185\u5728\u7406\u8def\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5927\u5b66\u671f\u95f4\u6df1\u53d7\u610f\u5927\u5229\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u5fb7\u62c9\u6c83\u5c14\u4f69\uff08Galvano Della Volpe\uff09\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e00\u76f4\u5bf9\u79d1\u5b66\u7cbe\u795e\u5145\u6ee1\u656c\u91cd\uff0c<sup>[4]<\/sup>\u5e76\u4e14\u4ece1980\u5e74\u4ee3\u540e\u671f\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u63a2\u8ba8\u6587\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u83ab\u83b1\u8482\u6700\u521d\u53ea\u662f\u5bf9\u6587\u5b66\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u53d8\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u611f\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u53d7\u8457\u540d\u8fdb\u5316\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u6069\u65af\u7279\u00b7\u8fc8\u5c14\uff08Ernst Mayr\uff09\u7684\u79cd\u5f62\u6210\uff08speciation\uff09\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u542f\u53d1\uff0c\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u5730\u7406\u5728\u65b0\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u751f\u6210\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u8f6c\u5411\u5236\u56fe\u5b66\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u5236\u4f5c\u6587\u5b66\u5730\u56fe\uff0c\u5e76\u57281990\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u4e13\u8457\u300a\u6b27\u6d32\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5730\u56fe\u96c61800\u20141900\u300b\u3002<sup>[5]<\/sup>\u5728\u4ece\u4e8b\u6587\u5b66\u5730\u7406\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u65f6\uff0c\u83ab\u83b1\u8482\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u5b9a\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\u5bf9\u5730\u56fe\u5236\u4f5c\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u53c8\u5f00\u59cb\u5bf9\u8ba1\u91cf\u53f2\u5b66\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u6d53\u539a\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u5e76\u56e0\u6b64\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u201c\u8fdc\u8bfb\u201d\u7684\u521d\u6b65\u8bbe\u60f3\u3002<sup>[6]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u57282000\u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u4e16\u754c\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u731c\u60f3\u300b\u4e00\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u83ab\u83b1\u8482\u4e0d\u4ec5\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8457\u540d\u7684\u201c\u4e16\u754c\u6587\u5b66\u4f53\u7cfb\u201d\u7684\u5047\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd8\u540c\u65f6\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u201c\u8fdc\u8bfb\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u56fd\u5185\u5b66\u8005\u591a\u5173\u6ce8\u524d\u8005\uff0c\u800c\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u540e\u8005\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u76f8\u8f85\u76f8\u6210\u7684:\u524d\u8005\u91cd\u65b0\u89c4\u5212\u4e86\u6587\u5b66\u53f2\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u5219\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u65b0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\u6240\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u83ab\u83b1\u8482\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u88ab\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u548c\u8fb9\u7f18\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u6587\u5b66\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u7ec6\u8bfb\uff08closereading\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u8bd1\u4f5c\u201c\u8fd1\u8bfb\u201d\uff09\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u8fd9\u4e00\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7ec6\u8bfb\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u795e\u5b66\u64cd\u7ec3\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u4ee5\u6781\u5176\u4e25\u8083\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u5bf9\u5f85\u6781\u5c11\u91cf\u7684\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u4f5c\u54c1\u4ece\u672a\u88ab\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u9605\u8bfb\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u8981\u7406\u89e3\u201c\u6574\u4e2a\u4f53\u7cfb\u201d\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u91c7\u53d6\u8fdc\u8bfb\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u805a\u7126\u201c\u6bd4\u6587\u672c\u5c0f\u5f88\u591a\u6216\u5927\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\uff1a\u624b\u6cd5\u3001\u4e3b\u9898\u3001\u4fee\u8f9e\u2014\u2014\u6216\u6587\u7c7b\u548c\u4f53\u7cfb\u201d\u3002<sup>[7]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000<span style=\"color:#0071a1\" class=\"has-inline-color\"><strong>\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u8de8\u56fd\u5174\u8d77\u4e0e\u6587\u7c7b\u5468\u671f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u57282005\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u56fe\u8868\u3001\u5730\u56fe\u548c\u6811\uff1a\u6587\u5b66\u53f2\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u6a21\u578b\u300b<sup>[8]<\/sup>\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u83ab\u83b1\u8482\u7528\u4e09\u7bc7\u5206\u522b\u501f\u9274\u4e86\u5e74\u9274\u6d3e\u53f2\u5b66\u3001\u5730\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u7684\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u793a\u8303\u4e86\u8fdc\u8bfb\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u6b64\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\u8fdc\u8bfb\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u662f\u201c\u5f62\u72b6\u3001\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u7ed3\u6784\u201d\u4ee5\u53ca\u201c\u5f62\u5f0f\u201d\u548c\u201c\u6a21\u578b\u201d\uff0c\u8ddd\u79bb\u4e0d\u662f\u969c\u788d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u201c\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u5f62\u5f0f\u201d\u3002<sup>[9]<\/sup>\u8be5\u4e66\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u300a\u56fe\u8868\u300b\u5df2\u7ecf\u521d\u6b65\u8fd0\u7528\u4e86\u5b9a\u91cf\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u83ab\u83b1\u8482\u5728\u6587\u4e2d\u5f00\u95e8\u89c1\u5c71\u5730\u91cd\u7533\u4e86\u4ed6\u5bf9\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u6000\u7591\uff0c200\u90e8\u7ecf\u5178\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u6765\u8bf4\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5df2\u7ecf\u591f\u591a\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u8fd8\u4e0d\u5230\u82f1\u56fd19\u4e16\u7eaa\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u603b\u91cf\u76841%\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528\u9605\u8bfb\u5355\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u5982\u6b64\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u51fa\u7248\u603b\u91cf\uff0c\u201c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u96c6\u4f53\u6027\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u603b\u4f53\u6027\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u628a\u63e1\u201d\u3002<sup>[10]<\/sup>\u501f\u52a9\u5176\u4ed6\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u83ab\u83b1\u8482\u9996\u5148\u7528\u56fe\u8868\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u3001\u610f\u5927\u5229\u3001\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u548c\u5c3c\u65e5\u5229\u4e9a\u4e94\u56fd\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u53d1\u5c55\u53f2\u3002\u4ece\u56fe\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u4e94\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u90fd\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8282\u70b9\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u5174\u8d77\u3002\u5728\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a20\u5e74\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u4e94\u56fd\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u51fa\u7248\u91cf\u90fd\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d28\u7684\u98de\u8dc3\u3002\u83ab\u83b1\u8482\u968f\u540e\u53c8\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u56fe\u8868\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e861740\u20141900\u5e74\u95f4\u82f1\u56fd\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u67e5\u9605\u4e0a\u767e\u90e8\u7814\u7a76\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u4ed6\u6574\u7406\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b44\u4e2a\u5c0f\u8bf4\u6587\u7c7b\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u56fe\u8868\uff08\u89c1\u56fe-1\uff09\u3002\u4ece\u56fe\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u7c7b\u5927\u591a\u4ee5\u805a\u7c7b\uff08cluster\uff09\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u51fa\u73b0\u548c\u6d88\u5931\uff0c160\u5e74\u95f4\u5171\u6709\u516d\u6b21\u521b\u9020\u529b\u7684\u5927\u7206\u53d1\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5b58\u6d3b\u65f6\u95f4\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u90fd\u662f25\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u5c3d\u7ba1\u83ab\u83b1\u8482\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u91ca\u6587\u7c7b\u5468\u671f\u6027\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u6210\u56e0\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u8fd8\u662f\u4ece\u8fd9\u6b21\u91cf\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u3002\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6587\u5b66\u53f2\u5bb6\u90fd\u4f1a\u628a\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\uff08the novel\uff09\u548c\u5404\u79cd\u5c0f\u8bf4\uff08\u4e9a\uff09\u6587\u7c7b\u5f53\u4f5c\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u56fe-1\u4e2d\u768444\u4e2a\u6587\u7c7b\u5374\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e0d\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5468\u671f\u6027\u5730\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u6574\u5957\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u5404\u79cd\u5c0f\u8bf4\u6587\u7c7b\u6240\u6784\u6210\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u91cc\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u7c7b\u578b\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u5f62\u6001\u4e0a\u66f4\u52a0\u91cd\u8981\u6216\u66f4\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e0d\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5f53\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7406\u8bba\u201c\u5c06\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7f29\u51cf\u4e3a\u4ec5\u4ec5\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u5f62\u5f0f\uff08\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u5c0f\u8bf4\u3001\u5bf9\u8bdd\u4f53\u5c0f\u8bf4\u3001\u8a00\u60c5\u5c0f\u8bf4\u3001\u5143\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7b49\u7b49\uff09\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u628a90%\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u53f2\u90fd\u62b9\u6740\u6389\u4e86\u3002<sup>[11]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"468\" height=\"703\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7220\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/1.jpg 468w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/1-200x300.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 468px) 100vw, 468px\" \/><figcaption>\u3000\u56fe-1 \u82f1\u56fd\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7c7b\u578b\uff081740\u20141900\uff09<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000<strong><span style=\"color:#0071a1\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u5c0f\u8bf4\u6807\u9898\u7684\u5927\u6570\u636e\u89e3\u8bfb<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u5f17\u5409\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u7ef4\u5c14\u8499\uff08Chad Wellmon\uff09\u5c06\u83ab\u83b1\u8482\u7684\u8fdc\u8bfb\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u201c\u901a\u8fc7\u7528\u8ba1\u7b97\u548c\u5b9a\u91cf\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5206\u6790\u6d77\u91cf\u7684\u6587\u672c\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u6587\u5b66\u53f2\u4e2d\u9010\u6e10\u663e\u73b0\u7684\u548c\u957f\u671f\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08patterns\uff09\u201d\u3002<sup>[12]<\/sup>\u7136\u800c\u76f4\u52302009\u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u300a\u98ce\u683c\u516c\u53f8\uff1a\u5bf97000\u4e2a\u6807\u9898\u7684\u53cd\u601d\uff08\u82f1\u56fd\u5c0f\u8bf4\uff0c1740\u20141850\uff09\u300b\u4e00\u6587\uff0c\u83ab\u83b1\u8482\u624d\u7b97\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u5927\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u7684\u5a01\u529b\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u91cc\uff0c\u83ab\u83b1\u8482\u9009\u53d6\u4e861740\u52301850\u5e74\u95f4\u51fa\u7248\u76847000\u90e8\u5c0f\u8bf4\u6807\u9898\u4f5c\u4e3a\u91cf\u5316\u5206\u6790\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6807\u9898\u662f\u201c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e0e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5546\u54c1\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u4ea4\u6c47\u70b9\u201d\u3002<sup>[13]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u5728\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u83ab\u83b1\u8482\u8fd0\u7528\u5e73\u5747\u6570\u3001\u4e2d\u503c\uff08\u4e5f\u79f0\u201c\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\u201d\uff09\u548c\u6807\u51c6\u504f\u5dee\u4e09\u4e2a\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u6d4b\u91cf\u4e867000\u90e8\u5c0f\u8bf4\u6807\u9898\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u3002\u4ed6\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u572818\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u671f\uff0c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u6807\u9898\u8fd8\u662f\u957f\u77ed\u4e0d\u4e00\uff0c\u957f\u7684\u6807\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fbe\u523040\u4e2a\u8bcd\u751a\u81f3\u66f4\u591a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5230\u4e8619\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u671f\uff0c\u957f\u6807\u9898\u5c31\u5f7b\u5e95\u6d88\u5931\u4e86\uff0c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u6807\u9898\u4e5f\u53d8\u5f97\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002\u83ab\u83b1\u8482\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u6807\u9898\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u53d8\u5316\u4e0e\u56fe\u4e66\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u606f\u606f\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u9996\u5148\u7531\u4e8e\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\u65b0\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u6fc0\u589e\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u6742\u5fd7\u5f00\u59cb\u520a\u767b\u65b0\u4e66\u7684\u8bc4\u8bba\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5185\u5bb9\u6897\u6982\u7684\u957f\u6807\u9898\u53d8\u5f97\u591a\u4f59\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u77ed\u6807\u9898\u6bd4\u957f\u6807\u9898\u66f4\u80fd\u8fc5\u901f\u800c\u6709\u6548\u5730\u5438\u5f15\u516c\u4f17\u7684\u773c\u7403\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u8bfb\u8005\u8bb0\u4f4f\u3002\u4e09\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u56fe\u4e66\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6d41\u901a\u6027\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u5f80\u5f80\u5728\u5176\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0a\u5bf9\u957f\u6807\u9898\u5b9e\u884c\u7b80\u5316\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u8bfb\u8005\u65e5\u76ca\u4e60\u60ef\u77ed\u6807\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\u5bf9\u77ed\u6807\u9898\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u91cf\u5316\u5206\u6790\u3002\u83ab\u83b1\u8482\u53d1\u73b0\u77ed\u6807\u9898\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u4e09\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a\u4e13\u6709\u540d\u8bcd\uff1b\u51a0\u8bcd+\u540d\u8bcd\uff1b\u51a0\u8bcd+\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd+\u540d\u8bcd\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u6982\u5ff5\u6027\u62bd\u8c61\u3002\u5728\u51a0\u8bcd+\u540d\u8bcd\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\u91cc\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e00\u534a\u7684\u6807\u9898\u90fd\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e26\u6709\u5f02\u56fd\u60c5\u8c03\u6216\u8d8a\u8f68\u8272\u5f69\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5982The Vampyre\uff08\u300a\u5438\u8840\u9b3c\u300b)\u3002\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u88ab\u52a0\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ec4\u5408\u91cc\u65f6\uff0c\u60c5\u51b5\u5c31\u98a0\u5012\u8fc7\u6765\u4e86\uff0c\u6cd5\u57fa\u5c14\u4eba\u6216\u6d6a\u8361\u5b50\u4e4b\u6d41\u4ece50%\u964d\u5230\u4e8620%\uff0c\u800c\u59bb\u5b50\u548c\u5973\u513f\u5374\u4ece16%\u4e0a\u5347\u523040%\uff0c\u5982The Unfashionable Wife\uff08\u300a\u8001\u571f\u7684\u59bb\u5b50\u300b)\u3002\u83ab\u83b1\u8482\u5bf9\u6b64\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6807\u9898\u91cc\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u8bcd\uff0c\u8be5\u540d\u8bcd\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u5438\u8840\u9b3c\u56e0\u800c\u5c31\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u597d\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u591a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u662f\u719f\u6089\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u4e5f\u4f1a\u88ab\u964c\u751f\u5316\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u4e3a\u6807\u9898\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u53d9\u4e8b\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u8ff0\u8c13\u6210\u5206\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u4e13\u6709\u540d\u8bcd\u7684\u6807\u9898\uff0c\u83ab\u83b1\u8482\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u57281820\u30011830\u5e74\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u542b\u6709\u5973\u6027\u540d\u5b57\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u6807\u9898\u5927\u591a\u53ea\u6709\u540d\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u59d3\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u5973\u4e3b\u4eba\u516c\u90fd\u662f\u9700\u8981\u4e08\u592b\u7684\u672a\u5a5a\u5973\u6027\uff0c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4e5f\u90fd\u662f\u56f4\u7ed5\u7ed3\u5a5a\u60c5\u8282\u5c55\u5f00\u7684\u3002\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u6807\u9898\u4e2d\u7684\u5973\u4e3b\u4eba\u516c\u540d\u5b57\u5927\u591a\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u59d3\u6c0f\uff0c\u5982Jane Eyre\uff08\u300a\u7b80\u7231\u300b)\uff0c\u7ed3\u5a5a\u60c5\u8282\u88ab\u5d4c\u5165\u4e86\u6210\u957f\u5c0f\u8bf4\u6216\u5de5\u4e1a\u5c0f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u4e5f\u5f00\u59cb\u4ece\u79c1\u4eba\u9886\u57df\u8fdb\u5165\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u5305\u542b\u62bd\u8c61\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u6807\u9898\u4e5f\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u57281776\u52301880\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0e\u4f26\u7406\u9053\u5fb7\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6807\u9898\u5927\u591a\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u662f\u5bf9\u9053\u5fb7\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u8fdd\u53cd\uff0c\u5982Disobidence\uff08\u300a\u4e0d\u670d\u4ece\u300b\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u5230\u4e861800\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6807\u9898\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u5f3a\u8c03\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u5efa\u6784\uff0c\u5982Self-Control\uff08\u300a\u81ea\u63a7\u300b\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bf9\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u89c4\u8bad\u6697\u793a\u4e86\u7ef4\u591a\u5229\u4e9a\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u840c\u82bd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000<strong><span style=\"color:#0071a1\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u300a\u54c8\u59c6\u83b1\u7279\u300b\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u7f51\u7edc<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u5728\u6210\u529f\u5730\u8fd0\u7528\u91cf\u5316\u6587\u4f53\u5b66\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u6807\u9898\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u83ab\u83b1\u8482\u53c8\u5728\u300a\u7f51\u7edc\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u60c5\u8282\u5206\u6790\u300b\u4e00\u6587\u4e2d\u5c1d\u8bd5\u7528\u91cf\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u300a\u54c8\u59c6\u83b1\u7279\u300b\u7684\u60c5\u8282\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4e00\u76f4\u5bf9\u54c8\u59c6\u96f7\u7279\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u970d\u96f7\u8096\uff08Horatio\uff09\u5728\u5267\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u611f\u5230\u56f0\u60d1\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6545\u4e8b\u60c5\u8282\u7684\u91cf\u5316\u8fdc\u6bd4\u83ab\u83b1\u8482\u9884\u60f3\u5f97\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u4ece\u5b9a\u91cf\u7814\u7a76\u9000\u56de\u5230\u5b9a\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u91cf\u5316\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u4f46\u83ab\u83b1\u8482\u8fd8\u662f\u501f\u52a9\u7f51\u7edc\u7406\u8bba<sup>[14]<\/sup>\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4ee5\u89c6\u89c9\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5448\u73b0\u4e86\u300a\u54c8\u59c6\u83b1\u7279\u300b\u4e2d\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u5927\u7ec4\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5bf9\u8c61\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u8282\u70b9\u6216\u9876\u70b9\uff08nodesor vertices\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u6216\u7269\uff0c\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u8fb9\uff08edges\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bd1\u4f5c\u201c\u8fde\u7ebf\u201d\uff09\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u6790\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u8fb9\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63ed\u793a\u5927\u578b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u4ee4\u4eba\u610f\u60f3\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u3002\u83ab\u83b1\u8482\u5c06\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u7406\u8bba\u79fb\u690d\u5230\u5bf9\u53d9\u4e8b\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u628a\u300a\u54c8\u59c6\u83b1\u7279\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7269\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u4e24\u4e2a\u4eba\u7269\u4e4b\u95f4\u8bf4\u8fc7\u8bdd\uff0c\u5c31\u5f53\u4f5c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fb9\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u751f\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u7f51\u7edc\u56fe\u3002<sup>[15]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u83ab\u83b1\u8482\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u501f\u52a9\u7f51\u7edc\u6765\u601d\u8003\u60c5\u8282\uff0c\u628a\u53d9\u4e8b\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u6536\u83b7\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u8fc7\u53bb\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e0e\u5f53\u4e0b\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e00\u6837\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u53ef\u89c1\u5ea6\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u6574\u4f53\u60c5\u8282\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u201c\u533a\u57df\u201d\uff08region\uff09\u53d8\u5f97\u53ef\u89c1\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u300a\u54c8\u59c6\u83b1\u7279\u300b\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b7b\u4ea1\u533a\u57df\uff08\u89c1\u56fe-2\u4e2d\u7684\u6807\u7ea2\u533a\u57df\uff09\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u548c\u60b2\u5267\u90fd\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4ee5\u56fd\u738b\u548c\u738b\u5b50\u4e3a\u8f74\u5fc3\u7684\u533a\u57df\u91cc\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u4eba\u7269\u7f51\u7edc\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5b83\u5982\u540cX\u5149\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u63a2\u6d4b\u5230\u9690\u85cf\u5728\u5267\u672c\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\u4e3b\u4eba\u516c\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u54c8\u59c6\u83b1\u7279\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u662f\u540c\u540d\u60b2\u5267\u7684\u4e3b\u89d2\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u548c\u5267\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u90fd\u5f88\u8fd1\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u53ea\u67091.45\u5ea6\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u3002\u7b2c\u56db\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u63a8\u6f14\u548c\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u56fe\u4e2d\u62bd\u51fa\u56fd\u738b\u514b\u52b3\u72c4\u65af\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u57fa\u672c\u5b8c\u597d\u65e0\u635f\uff0c\u62bd\u51fa\u54c8\u59c6\u83b1\u7279\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u51e0\u4e4e\u5206\u88c2\u6210\u4e24\u534a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u540c\u65f6\u53bb\u6389\u54c8\u59c6\u83b1\u7279\u548c\u970d\u96f7\u8096\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u5c31\u5f7b\u5e95\u788e\u7247\u5316\u4e86\uff0c\u300a\u54c8\u59c6\u83b1\u7279\u300b\u4e5f\u5c06\u4e0d\u590d\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u4e3b\u4eba\u516c\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8e\u5176\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u7279\u8d28\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u4e8e\u4ed6\/\u5979\u5bf9\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u6240\u8d77\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u970d\u96f7\u8096\u662f\u5267\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u8054\u7cfb\u7740\u7ec5\u58eb\u3001\u6c34\u624b\u3001\u5927\u4f7f\u7b49\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u8fb9\u7f18\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fb9\u7f18\u4eba\u7269\u6307\u5411\u7684\u662f\u4e39\u9ea6\u4eac\u57ce\u827e\u5c14\u897f\u8bfa\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u6b63\u5904\u4e8e\u840c\u82bd\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\u4f53\u7cfb\uff08state system\uff09\u3002\u970d\u96f7\u8096\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6ca1\u6709\u52a8\u673a\u3001\u6ca1\u6709\u76ee\u7684\u3001\u6ca1\u6709\u60c5\u611f\u3001\u4e5f\u6ca1\u4ec0\u4e48\u53f0\u8bcd\u7684\u6241\u5e73\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u5b98\u50da\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u8c61\u5f81\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u7f51\u7edc\u56fe\uff0c\u83ab\u83b1\u8482\u5bf9\u300a\u54c8\u59c6\u83b1\u7279\u300b\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u4ee4\u4eba\u8033\u76ee\u4e00\u65b0\u7684\u89e3\u8bfb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"461\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/2-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7219\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/2-1.jpg 640w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/2-1-300x216.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption>\u56fe-2 \u300a\u54c8\u59c6\u83b1\u7279\u300b\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u7f51\u7edc\u56fe\uff0c\u7ea2\u8272\u533a\u57df\u4e3a\u6b7b\u4ea1\u533a\u57df\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u6587\u672c\u6316\u6398\u7b49\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u8ba4\u77e5\u79d1\u5b66\u5173\u4e8e\u9605\u8bfb\u4f53\u9a8c\u7684\u65b0\u89c1\u89e3\uff0c\u5bf9\u4ee5\u6587\u672c\u7ec6\u8bfb\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u201c\u5982\u4f55\u9605\u8bfb\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u672c\u6765\u4e0d\u662f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u95ee\u9898\u3002<sup>[16]<\/sup>\u83ab\u83b1\u8482\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u8fdc\u8bfb\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u53ef\u8c13\u662f\u751f\u9022\u5176\u65f6\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fdc\u8bfb\u7b97\u4e0d\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u7279\u5b9a\u95ee\u9898\u800c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6027\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u81f3\u5c11\u8ba9\u4eba\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u9664\u4e86\u7ec6\u8bfb\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u522b\u7684\u73a9\u6cd5\u3002\u8fdc\u8bfb\u7684\u8fd9\u5957\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e5f\u6070\u597d\u987a\u5e94\u4e86\u6b27\u7f8e\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u98ce\u6f6e\u3002<sup>[17]<\/sup>\u300a\u56fe\u8868\u3001\u5730\u56fe\u3001\u6811\u300b\u548c\u300a\u8fdc\u8bfb\u300b\u51fa\u7248\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u90fd\u5728\u5b66\u754c\u5f15\u8d77\u70ed\u8bae\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u83ab\u83b1\u8482\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5f53\u4eca\u82f1\u6587\u548c\u6bd4\u8f83\u6587\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u6700\u5177\u4e89\u8bae\u6027\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u201d\u3002<sup>[18]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong><span style=\"color:#0071a1\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u4e8c\u3001\u6587\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u30002010\u5e74\uff0c\u83ab\u83b1\u8482\u4e0e\u9a6c\u4fee\u00b7\u4e54\u514b\u601d\uff08Matthew L. Jockers\uff09\u4e00\u8d77\u5171\u540c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u6587\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\uff0c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u7528\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u534f\u540c\u5408\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u5f00\u5c55\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6a21\u5f0f\u91cc\uff0c\u201c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u8d44\u683c\uff08\u5982\u83b7\u5f97\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\uff0c\u6216\u6b63\u5728\u653b\u8bfb\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\uff09\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u201d\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u521b\u6027\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\u6216\u4e00\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5b8c\u5168\u4f9d\u9760\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u751f\u4ea7\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u6587\u672c\u3002<sup>[19]<\/sup>\u4f46\u6587\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u5374\u521b\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u79d1\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u7684\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u201c\u4e00\u79cd\u8ba9\u4e2a\u4f53\u9000\u5230\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u8ba9\u5b9e\u9a8c\u672c\u8eab\u79fb\u5230\u524d\u666f\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u201d\u3002[20]\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u7bc7\u96c6\u4f53\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8bba\u6587\u906d\u5230\u5b66\u672f\u671f\u520a\u7684\u5a49\u62d2\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u83ab\u83b1\u8482\u548c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u6210\u5458\u51b3\u5b9a\u4ee5\u201c\u5c0f\u518c\u5b50\u201d\uff08pamphlet\uff09\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c06\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u516c\u5f00\u53d1\u8868\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e0a\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8612\u7bc7\u5c0f\u518c\u5b50\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u4ec5\u4ecb\u7ecd\u83ab\u83b1\u8482\u53c2\u4e0e\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u96c6\u4f53\u7814\u7a76\u9879\u76ee\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000<span style=\"color:#0071a1\" class=\"has-inline-color\"><strong>\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u8bcd\u8bed\u4e0e\u6587\u7c7b\u8bc6\u522b<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u30002011\u5e74\uff0c\u83ab\u83b1\u8482\u4e0e\u535a\u58eb\u751f\u827e\u8389\u68ee\uff08SarahAllison\uff09\u7b49\u4eba\u5408\u4f5c\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u518c\u5b50\u300a\u8ba1\u91cf\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u4e49\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u300b\uff0c\u63a2\u7d22\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u7528\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7b97\u6cd5\u6765\u4e3a\u6587\u5b66\u6587\u672c\u786e\u5b9a\u6587\u7c7b\u5f52\u5c5e\u3002<sup>[21]<\/sup>\u8fd9\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7f18\u8d77\u662f\uff0c\u838e\u58eb\u6bd4\u4e9a\u4e13\u5bb6\u7ef4\u7279\u6469\u5c14\uff08Michael Witmore\uff09\u5411\u83ab\u83b1\u8482\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u4ed6\u7528Docuscope<sup>[22]<\/sup>\u8bc6\u522b\u838e\u58eb\u6bd4\u4e9a\u620f\u5267\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e86\u89e3\u540c\u6837\u7684\u6280\u672f\u662f\u5426\u4e5f\u80fd\u7528\u6765\u8bc6\u522b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u83ab\u83b1\u8482\u9080\u8bf7\u7ef4\u7279\u6469\u5c14\u6765\u65af\u5766\u798f\u505a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u7c7b\u914d\u5bf9\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002\u7ef4\u7279\u6469\u5c14\u901a\u8fc7Docuscope\u6280\u672f\u53ea\u5f04\u9519\u4e86\u54e5\u7279\u5c0f\u8bf4\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u5c0f\u8bf4\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u7c7b\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e24\u7ec4\u6587\u7c7b\u7686\u5339\u914d\u6210\u529f\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u54e5\u7279\u5c0f\u8bf4\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u6587\u7c7b\u8fb9\u754c\u672c\u6765\u5c31\u4e0d\u751a\u6e05\u6670\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u8bf4\u662f\u76f8\u5f53\u4e0d\u9519\u3002\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u4e54\u514b\u601d\u4e5f\u5c1d\u8bd5\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b44\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u548c\u6807\u70b9\u7b26\u53f7\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u96c6\uff08featureset\uff09\u6765\u8bc6\u522b\u6587\u7c7b\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u548cDocuscope\u7684\u6210\u7ee9\u4e00\u6837\u597d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bcd\u540e\u6765\u88ab\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u547d\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u8bcd\u8bed\u201d\uff08Most Frequent Words\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0MFW\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e86\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u666e\u904d\u5171\u8bc6\uff0c\u5373\u67d0\u4e9b\u6587\u672c\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f52\u4e8e\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u600e\u6837\u5206\u7c7b\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u7ef4\u7279\u6469\u5c14\u5411\u9879\u76ee\u7ec4\u6210\u5458\u5c55\u793a\u4e86Docuscope\u5206\u79bb\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u5177\u54e5\u7279\u98ce\u683c\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002\u4ee4\u4eba\u9707\u60ca\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u54e5\u7279\u98ce\u683c\u7279\u5f81\u4e0e\u8bfb\u8005\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6355\u6349\u5230\u7684\u662f\u4ee3\u8bcd\u548c\u8fc7\u53bb\u65f6\u6001\uff0c\u800c\u8bfb\u8005\u5219\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u201c\u88ab\u538b\u5236\u7684\u6050\u60e7\u201d\u3001\u201c\u4e0d\u5b89\u201d\u3001\u201c\u5e9f\u589f\u201d\u3001\u201c\u98a4\u6296\u7684\u53cc\u817f\u201d\u7b49\u8bcd\u8bed\u5224\u65ad\u51fa\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u90e8\u54e5\u7279\u5c0f\u8bf4\u3002\u9879\u76ee\u7ec4\u6210\u5458\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u6587\u7c7b\u5982\u540c\u697c\u623f\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5728\u7802\u6d46\u3001\u7816\u5757\u548c\u5efa\u7b51\u7b49\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5206\u6790\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff08scale\uff09\u4e0a\u90fd\u62e5\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u3002MFW\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u662f\u7802\u6d46\uff0cDocuscope\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47\u2014\u8bed\u6cd5\u8303\u7574\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u662f\u7816\u5757\uff0c\u800c\u8bfb\u8005\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u5219\u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u5efa\u7b51\u3002\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4ea4\u96c6\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u6587\u7c7b\u6807\u8bb0\u4e5f\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5f53\u9879\u76ee\u7ec4\u8bd5\u56fe\u901a\u8fc7\u4e3b\u6210\u5206\u5206\u6790<sup>[23]<\/sup>\u628a\u6587\u7c7b\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ece\u4e94\u82b1\u516b\u95e8\u3001\u4e92\u4e0d\u76f8\u5e72\u7684\u8303\u7574<sup>[24]<\/sup>\u6574\u5408\u6210\u7531\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u8054\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u53d8\u91cf\u6784\u6210\u7684\u5355\u4e00\u77e9\u9635\u65f6\uff0c\u5374\u906d\u9047\u5230\u632b\u6298\u3002\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u6587\u7c7b\u662f\u7531\u98ce\u683c\u6807\u5fd7\u548c\u53d9\u4e8b\u6807\u5fd7\uff08\u5982\u60c5\u8282\uff09\u5171\u540c\u6784\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u540c\u7b49\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u800cDocuscope\u548cMFW\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u7528\u6765\u8bc6\u522b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u3002\u5728\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8bc6\u522b\u60c5\u8282\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6587\u7c7b\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u81ea\u7136\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u51c6\u786e\u3002Docuscope\u548cMFW\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u66f4\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u8fa8\u8bc6\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f5c\u8005\u521b\u4f5c\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u6587\u7c7b\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f5c\u8005\u5373\u4fbf\u521b\u4f5c\u51fa\u591a\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u5176\u8bed\u8a00\u98ce\u683c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u5927\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6301\u7eed\u4e86\u4e00\u5e74\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9879\u76ee\u867d\u7136\u6ca1\u6709\u53d6\u5f97\u7a81\u7834\u6027\u7684\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u4f46\u81f3\u5c11\u8ba9\u83ab\u83b1\u8482\u548c\u56e2\u961f\u6210\u5458\u8fc8\u51fa\u4e86\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000<strong><span style=\"color:#0071a1\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u53e5\u5b50\u4e0e\u98ce\u683c<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u30002011\u5e744\u6708\uff0c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u53ec\u5f00\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e74\u5ea6\u5de5\u4f5c\u603b\u7ed3\u4f1a\u8bae\u3002\u5728\u4f1a\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u6210\u5458\u518d\u6b21\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u518c\u5b50\u300a\u8ba1\u91cf\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u4e49\u300b\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e5f\u8bb8\u662f\u98ce\u683c\uff0c\u53e5\u5b50\u5219\u662f\u98ce\u683c\u7684\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u53e5\u5b50\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u98ce\u683c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u53ef\u89c1\u5ea6\u3002\u83ab\u83b1\u8482\u968f\u540e\u548c\u4e94\u540d\u5b66\u751f\u4e00\u8d77\u5f00\u5c55\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u4e8e\u5c0f\u8bf4\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e2013\u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u7684\u7b2c\u4e94\u7bc7\u5c0f\u518c\u5b50\u300a\u53e5\u5b50\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u98ce\u683c\u300b\u3002<sup>[25]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u9879\u76ee\u7ec4\u7528Chadwyck-Healey19\u4e16\u7eaa\u5c0f\u8bf4\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u91cc\u7684250\u90e8\u82f1\u56fd\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u53d9\u4e8b\u6027\u53e5\u5b50\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u53d9\u4e8b\u6027\u53e5\u5b50\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u4ece\u53e5\uff08independent clause, \u7b80\u79f0IC\uff09\u7684IC-IC\u7c7b\u53e5\u5b50\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u4ece\u53e5\u63a5\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u4ece\u53e5\uff08dependent clause\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0DC\uff09\u7684IC-DC\u7c7b\u53e5\u5b50\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u4ece\u53e5\u63a5\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u4ece\u53e5\u7684DC-IC\u7c7b\u53e5\u5b50\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4ece\u8868\u8fbe\u5e76\u5217\u3001\u8f6c\u6298\u3001\u9650\u5b9a\u3001\u987a\u5e8f\u7b49\u591a\u79cd\u903b\u8f91-\u8bed\u4e49\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u8fde\u8bcd\u5165\u624b\uff0c\u9879\u76ee\u7ec4\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0cIC-DC\u7c7b\u53e5\u5b50\u4e3b\u8981\u6d89\u53ca\u8ff0\u8c13\u548c\u9650\u5b9a\uff0c\u8f83\u5c11\u6d89\u53ca\u987a\u5e8f\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0cP.B. \u96ea\u83b1\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u53e5\u5b50\uff1a\u201cHer extreme beauty softened the inquisitor who had spokenlast\u201d\uff08\u5979\u6781\u5ea6\u7684\u7f8e\u8c8c\u8f6f\u5316\u4e86\u6700\u540e\u8bf4\u8bdd\u7684\u5ba1\u95ee\u8005\uff09\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53e5\u5b50\u91cc\uff0c\u975e\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u4ece\u53e5\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5f15\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u4e3b\u53e5\u4e3b\u8bed\u7684\u65b0\u4eba\u7269\uff08\u5ba1\u95ee\u8005\uff09\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u53c8\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b0\u4eba\u7269\u5728\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u6781\u4e3a\u6709\u9650\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u4ece\u53e5\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u6ed1\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u53d9\u4e8b\u6027\u8870\u51cf\u3002\u800c\u5728DC-IC\u7c7b\u53e5\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\uff0c\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4e3b\u53e5\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u975e\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u4ece\u53e5\u5e38\u5e38\u62a5\u544a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u51c6\u5907\u6027\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u4e3b\u53e5\u5219\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u66f4\u51fa\u4eba\u610f\u6599\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u62c9\u5fb7\u514b\u5229\u592b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u53e5\u5b50\uff1a\u201cWhile she looked on him\uff0chis features changed and seemed convulsed in the agonies of death\u201d\uff08\u5f53\u5979\u770b\u7740\u4ed6\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u4e94\u5b98\u53d8\u4e86\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5728\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\u75db\u82e6\u91cc\u62bd\u6410\uff09\u3002\u968f\u7740\u4e3b\u8bed\u4ece\u201cshe\u201d\u8f6c\u4e3a\u201chis features\u201d\uff0c\u53d9\u4e8b\u5f3a\u5ea6\u4e5f\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0cIC-DC\u7c7b\u53e5\u5b50\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u53d9\u4e8b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6536\u7f29\u548c\u8870\u51cf\uff0cDC-IC\u7c7b\u53e5\u5b50\u5219\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u6269\u5f20\u548c\u5f3a\u5316\u3002\u800c\u5728IC-IC\u7c7b\u53e5\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u4ece\u53e5\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u91cd\u590d\u6216\u7a0d\u52a0\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u53d9\u4e8b\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u9759\u6b62\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u5982\u72c4\u66f4\u65af\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u53e5\u5b50\uff1a\u201cOh she looked very pretty\uff0cshe looked very\uff0cvery pretty!\u201d\uff08\u54e6\uff0c\u5979\u770b\u4e0a\u53bb\u975e\u5e38\u6f02\u4eae\uff0c\u5979\u770b\u4e0a\u53bb\u975e\u5e38\u3001\u975e\u5e38\u6f02\u4eae\uff01\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u5728\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u53e5\u5b50\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0e\u903b\u8f91\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u53d9\u4e8b\u8282\u594f\u4e4b\u95f4\u60ca\u4eba\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u9879\u76ee\u7ec4\u53c8\u5f00\u59cb\u601d\u8003\u662f\u5426\u4e5f\u80fd\u5728\u53e5\u6cd5\u548c\u8bed\u4e49\u4e4b\u95f4\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u67d0\u79cd\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u53e5\u5b50\u4e2d\u5355\u8bcd\u7684\u5e73\u5747\uff08\u6216\u79f0\u201c\u9884\u671f\u201d\uff09\u51fa\u73b0\u9891\u6b21\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5355\u8bcd\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u79cd\u53e5\u5b50\u7c7b\u578b\u4e2d\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u51fa\u73b0\u9891\u6b21\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u627e\u51fa\u4e86\u90a3\u4e9b\u663e\u8457\u9ad8\u4e8e\u9884\u671f\u7684\u8bcd\u8bed\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u6700\u7279\u522b\u7684\u8bcd\u8bed\u201d\uff08Most Distinctive Words\uff09\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u53c8\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u7528\u4e3b\u6210\u5206\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\u89c6\u89c9\u5316\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u53d1\u73b0DC-IC\u7c7b\u53e5\u5b50\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5373\u5b83\u7684\u975e\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u95f4\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u800c\u5b83\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u4ece\u53e5\uff08\u6216\u4e3b\u53e5\uff09\u5219\u591a\u548c\u60c5\u611f\u6709\u5173\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u201cWhen the procession came to the grave the music ceased\u201d\uff08\u5f53\u961f\u4f0d\u6765\u5230\u575f\u5893\u65f6\uff0c\u97f3\u4e50\u505c\u6b62\u4e86\uff09\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53e5\u5b50\u91cc\uff0c\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\u5148\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u95f4\u8fd0\u52a8\uff08\u6765\u5230\u575f\u5893\uff09\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u624d\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u8fd0\u52a8\u6210\u4e86\u53d9\u4e8b\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u8df3\u677f\u3002\u800c\u5728\u201cWhen the ceremony was over he blessed and embraced them all with tears of fatherly affection\u201d\uff08\u4eea\u5f0f\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u5659\u7740\u9971\u542b\u7236\u7231\u7684\u6cea\u6c34\uff0c\u795d\u798f\u548c\u62e5\u62b1\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u4eba\uff09\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53e5\u5b50\u91cc\uff0c\u4e3b\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684\u53d9\u4e8b\u5f3a\u5316\u4f9d\u9760\u7684\u662f\u60c5\u611f\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u884c\u52a8\u6216\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u65bd\u76ae\u7b56(Leo Spitzer)\u548c\u5965\u5c14\u5df4\u8d6b\uff08Erich Auerbach\uff09\u7b49\u6587\u8bba\u5bb6\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u98ce\u683c\u65f6\uff0c\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u6bb5\u843d\u548c\u6574\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\u3002\u83ab\u83b1\u8482\u56e2\u961f\u5219\u901a\u8fc7\u7814\u7a76\u4ece\u53e5\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u98ce\u683c\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5c06\u98ce\u683c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u201c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53e5\u5b50\u91cc\u5404\u79cd\u5206\u79bb\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6d53\u7f29\uff08condensation\uff09\u201d\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u53e5\u6cd5-\u8bed\u4e49\u6027\u7684\u6d53\u7f29\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6d53\u7f29\u65e2\u662f\u5bf9\u67d0\u79cd\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u504f\u79bb\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u53c8\u662f\u91cd\u590d\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u5b9a\u91cf\u7684\u91cd\u590d\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u98ce\u683c\u4ece\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u5076\u7136\u6027\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u662f\u5fc5\u7136\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5f53\u98ce\u683c\u51fa\u73b0\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u53d8\u5f97\u5178\u578b\u548c\u53ef\u8bc6\u522b\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u4ee5\u6700\u76f4\u63a5\u548c\u6700\u4e0d\u542b\u7cca\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u533a\u5206\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f5c\u8005\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u7c7b\u3001\u6216\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u5b66\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53e5\u5b50\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u98ce\u683c\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u53ef\u64cd\u4f5c\u6027\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u6784\u6210\u98ce\u683c\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6536\u96c6\u548c\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u3002<sup>[26]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000<span style=\"color:#0071a1\" class=\"has-inline-color\"><strong>\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u6587\u5b66\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u91cf\u5316\u5206\u6790<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u65b9\u6cd5\u5230\u5e95\u7ed9\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u54ea\u4e9b\u65b0\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\uff1f\u5f53\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\u4ece\u7ecf\u5178\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u6863\u6848\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4f1a\u8ba9\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u6539\u89c2\u5417\uff1f\u201c\u7ecf\u5178\u201d\u548c\u201c\u6863\u6848\u201d\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u8bcd\u5230\u5e95\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba42016\u5e74\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u300a\u7ecf\u5178\/\u6863\u6848\u3002\u6587\u5b66\u573a\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u52a8\u6001\u300b\u4e00\u6587\u5c31\u65e8\u5728\u56de\u7b54\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u3002<sup>[27]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u83ab\u83b1\u8482\u548c\u9879\u76ee\u7ec4\u6210\u5458\u9996\u5148\u60f3\u5230\u4e86\u5e03\u8fea\u5384\u5728\u300a\u827a\u672f\u7684\u6cd5\u5219\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4e00\u5f20\u5173\u4e8e19\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u6cd5\u56fd\u6587\u5b66\u573a\u7684\u56fe\u3002\u8fd9\u5f20\u56fe\u6839\u636e\u6210\u5723\u7a0b\u5ea6\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6548\u76ca\u4e24\u4e2a\u6307\u6807\u5c55\u793a\u4e8619\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u5404\u79cd\u6587\u7c7b\u548c\u6587\u5b66\u8fd0\u52a8\u5728\u6587\u5b66\u573a\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u5f20\u56fe\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u7f3a\u4e4f\u660e\u786e\u7684\u3001\u53ef\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u5b83\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u4f9b\u5176\u4ed6\u5b66\u8005\u590d\u5236\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5bf9\u7ecf\u5178\u8fdb\u884c\u91cf\u5316\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u9879\u76ee\u7ec4\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u53ef\u4f9b\u91cf\u5316\u7684\u6807\u51c6\uff1a\u4eba\u6c14\uff08popularity\uff09\u548c\u58f0\u671b\uff08prestige)\u3002\u4eba\u6c14\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u4f9d\u636e\u7684\u662f\u4f5c\u5bb6\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u572819\u4e16\u7eaa\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u91cd\u5370\u6b21\u6570\u548c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u6cd5\u8bed\u548c\u5fb7\u8bed\u7684\u6b21\u6570\uff0c\u58f0\u671b\u5219\u662f\u4f9d\u636e\u4f5c\u5bb6\u5728MLA\uff08\u7f8e\u56fd\u73b0\u4ee3\u8bed\u8a00\u534f\u4f1a\uff09\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u88ab\u63d0\u53ca\u7684\u6b21\u6570\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728DNB\uff08\u300a\u725b\u6d25\u56fd\u5bb6\u4eba\u7269\u5927\u8f9e\u5178\u300b\uff09\u4e2d\u7684\u8bcd\u6761\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u3002\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u9879\u76ee\u7ec4\u7ed8\u5236\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a18\u523019\u4e16\u7eaa\u82f1\u56fd\u5c0f\u8bf4\u573a\u57df\u56fe\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c0f\u8bf4\u573a\u7531\u4e09\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u6784\u6210\uff08\u89c1\u56fe-3\uff09\u3002\u9760\u8fd1\u7eb5\u8f74\u7684\u4e09\u89d2\u533a\u57df\u91cc\u7684\u4f5c\u5bb6\uff0c\u5176\u58f0\u671b\u503c\u6bd4\u4eba\u6c14\u503c\u81f3\u5c11\u9ad8\u51fa\u4e24\u500d\uff0c\u9760\u8fd1\u6a2a\u8f74\u7684\u4e09\u89d2\u533a\u57df\u91cc\u7684\u4f5c\u5bb6\u4eba\u6c14\u503c\u6bd4\u58f0\u671b\u503c\u81f3\u5c11\u9ad8\u4e24\u500d\u3002\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4e2d\u95f4\u533a\u57df\u7684\u4f5c\u5bb6\uff0c\u5176\u58f0\u671b\u503c\u548c\u4eba\u6c14\u503c\u76f8\u4e92\u6301\u5e73\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u719f\u77e5\u768419\u4e16\u7eaa\u82f1\u56fd\u7ecf\u5178\u4f5c\u5bb6\u5927\u591a\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4e2d\u95f4\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u5982\u7b1b\u798f\u3001\u7406\u67e5\u900a\u3001\u83f2\u5c14\u4e01\u7b49\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5e03\u8fea\u5384\u5173\u4e8e\u7ecf\u5178\u662f\u201c\u98a0\u5012\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e16\u754c\u201d\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u5e76\u4e0d\u51c6\u786e\u3002\u58f0\u671b\u4e0e\u4eba\u6c14\u5e76\u4e0d\u5fc5\u7136\u5bf9\u7acb\uff0c\u58f0\u671b\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5c31\u662f\u4ece\u4eba\u6c14\u4e2d\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u628a\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u4eba\u6c14\u548c\u58f0\u671b\uff08\u6216\u5e02\u573a\u548c\u5b66\u9662\u63a5\u53d7\u5ea6\uff09\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u8981\u7d20\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u7ecf\u5178\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5bf9\u7acb\u529b\u91cf\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u968f\u673a\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"634\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/3333.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7218\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/3333.jpg 640w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/3333-300x297.jpg 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/3333-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption>\u3000\u3000\u56fe-3 \u82f1\u56fd\u5c0f\u8bf4\u573a\uff081770-1830\uff09\uff0c\u6a2a\u8f74\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u6c14\uff0c\u7eb5\u8f74\u4ee3\u8868\u58f0\u671b\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u9879\u76ee\u7ec4\u5e76\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e8e\u50cf\u5e03\u8fea\u5384\u90a3\u6837\u8fdb\u884c\u6587\u5b66\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6587\u5b66\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd8\u60f3\u77e5\u9053\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u5426\u548c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5f62\u6001\u7279\u5f81\u6709\u5173\u3002\u5728\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u6d4b\u91cf\u4e86\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5197\u4f59\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u666e\u904d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8bfb\u8005\u504f\u597d\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e30\u5bcc\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u5197\u4f59\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u6587\u672c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u524d\u4e00\u7c7b\u6587\u672c\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\u7684\u5e38\u9752\u6811\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u8005\u5219\u4f1a\u88ab\u5e02\u573a\u6dd8\u6c70\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8c\u9636\u4fe1\u606f\u5197\u4f59\uff08second order redundancy\uff09\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u660e\uff0c<sup>[28]<\/sup>\u56db\u5206\u4e4b\u4e09\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u6587\u672c\u6240\u5305\u542b\u7684\u5197\u4f59\u4fe1\u606f\u90fd\u6bd4\u56db\u5206\u4e4b\u4e09\u7684\u6863\u6848\u6587\u672c\uff08\u5373\u975e\u7ecf\u5178\u6587\u672c\uff09\u8981\u5c11\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u5e38\u8bc6\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u5bf9\u7684\uff0c\u7ecf\u5178\u6587\u672c\u7684\u786e\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u6bd4\u6863\u6848\u6587\u672c\u66f4\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u53c8\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u6d4b\u91cf\u8bcd\u6c47\u4e30\u5bcc\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u5de5\u5177\u7c7b\u7b26\u5f62\u7b26\u6bd4\u3002<sup>[29]<\/sup>\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\u7684\u5197\u4f59\u6027\u8d8a\u4f4e\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47\u5c31\u5e94\u8be5\u8d8a\u4e30\u5bcc\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5374\u4ee4\u4eba\u56f0\u60d1\uff0c\u7ecf\u5178\u6587\u672c\u4ece\u6574\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\u7684\u8bcd\u5bf9\uff08word pairs\uff09\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u8981\u6bd4\u6863\u6848\u6587\u672c\u66f4\u4e30\u5bcc\uff0c\u4f46\u4ece\u5355\u4e2a\u8bcd\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u7ecf\u5178\u6587\u672c\u6bd4\u6863\u6848\u6587\u672c\u5197\u4f59\u6027\u66f4\u5f3a\u3002\u5965\u65af\u6c40\u3001\u72c4\u66f4\u65af\u3001\u827e\u7565\u7279\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u7c7b\u7b26\u5f62\u7b26\u6bd4\u90fd\u4f4e\u4e8e\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u90e8\u5206\u6587\u672c\u7247\u6bb5\u7684\u7ec6\u8bfb\uff0c\u9879\u76ee\u7ec4\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u7ecf\u5178\u6587\u672c\u7684\u5197\u4f59\u6027\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u672c\u6240\u63cf\u7ed8\u7684\u521b\u4f24\u6027\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3001\u60c5\u611f\u5f3a\u5ea6\u6216\u53e3\u8bed\u5f62\u6001\uff08orality\uff09\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u800c\u7c7b\u7b26\u5f62\u7b26\u6bd4\u9ad8\u7684\u6863\u6848\u6587\u672c\u666e\u904d\u4f53\u73b0\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u4fdd\u5b88\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u559c\u7231\u7528\u4e66\u9762\u8bed\uff0c\u5356\u5f04\u6587\u85fb\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8fd8\u5939\u6742\u4e86\u6765\u81ea\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u7c7b\u7684\u6750\u6599\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u97e6\u65af\u7279\uff08Jane West\uff09\u5c31\u5728\u5979\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u91cc\u5927\u91cf\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u8bd7\u6b4c\u3001\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6bd4\u55bb\u548c\u4eff\u4f5c\uff08pastiche\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u5728\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u7ed3\u8bed\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u9879\u76ee\u7ec4\u5bf9\u5df4\u8d6b\u91d1\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u6982\u5ff5\u590d\u8c03\uff08polyphony\uff09\u548c\u6742\u8bed\uff08heteroglossia\uff09\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u4fee\u6b63\u3002\u5df4\u8d6b\u91d1\u8ba4\u4e3a\u590d\u8c03\u548c\u6742\u8bed\u662f\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u9879\u76ee\u7ec4\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\u5374\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u590d\u8c03\u548c\u6742\u8bed\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5c0f\u8bf4\u573a\u4e2d\u5bf9\u7acb\u7684\u533a\u57df\u3002\u590d\u8c03\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u548c\u7ecf\u5178\u6587\u672c\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u800c\u6742\u8bed\u5219\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u6863\u6848\u6587\u672c\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u3002\u5df4\u8d6b\u91d1\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5f53\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u8bdd\u8bed\uff08discourse\uff09\u53d1\u751f\u63a5\u89e6\u65f6\uff0c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4f1a\u5438\u53d6\u90a3\u4e9b\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u957f\u5904\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f3a\u5316\u81ea\u8eab\u5728\u6587\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5bf9\u5386\u53f2\u3001\u54f2\u5b66\u3001\u653f\u8bba\u3001\u65c5\u884c\u62a5\u9053\u7b49\u5176\u4ed6\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u5438\u6536\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u8d1f\u9762\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5c0f\u8bf4\u53d9\u4e8b\u6d3b\u529b\u7684\u4e27\u5931\u300219\u4e16\u7eaa\u5927\u91cf\u88ab\u9057\u5fd8\u7684\u4f5c\u5bb6\u5c31\u662f\u6d3b\u751f\u751f\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f53\u65f6\u82f1\u56fd\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u603b\u4f53\u53d1\u5c55\u65b9\u5411\u662f\u201c\u62e7\u7d27\u81ea\u5df1\u5185\u5728\u7684\u53d9\u4e8b\u87ba\u6813\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ece\u5916\u90e8\u8bdd\u8bed\u5bfb\u627e\u7075\u611f\u201d\u3002<sup>[30]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u5c3d\u7ba1\u65af\u5766\u798f\u6587\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u73b0\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u9886\u57df\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u673a\u6784\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4f46\u83ab\u83b1\u8482\u672c\u4eba\u5e76\u4e0d\u8ff7\u4fe1\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u201c\u6570\u5b57\u65f6\u4ee3\u9488\u5bf9\u6587\u5b66\u548c\u6587\u5316\u53f2\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u3001\u89e3\u91ca\u6027\u7684\u3001\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6027\u7684\u3001\u7406\u6027\u7684\u2026\u2026\u7814\u7a76\u8def\u5f84\u6240\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u201d\u3002<sup>[31]<\/sup>\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u7814\u7a76\u76ee\u524d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u3001\u6bd4\u4f20\u7edf\u6587\u5b66\u7ecf\u5178\u5927\u5f97\u591a\u7684\u6863\u6848\u548c\u65b0\u7684\u3001\u66f4\u5feb\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u8fd8\u7f3a\u4e4f\u65b0\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4e00\u4e2a\u50cf\u4ec0\u514b\u6d1b\u592b\u65af\u57fa\u7684\u300a\u827a\u672f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6280\u5de7\u300b\u3001\u7f57\u5170\u00b7\u5df4\u7279\u7684\u300a\u8bba\u62c9\u8f9b\u300b\u3001\u6216\u8428\u4e49\u5fb7\u7684\u300a\u4e1c\u65b9\u4e3b\u4e49\u300b\u90a3\u6837\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7406\u8bba\u5ba3\u8a00\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u7406\u8bba\u6846\u67b6\u3001\u9610\u91ca\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u624d\u80fd\u8ba9\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u751f\u6839\u672c\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002<sup>[32]<\/sup>\u5982\u679c\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u505a\u4e0d\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u5176\u4ef7\u503c\u5c31\u5c06\u59cb\u7ec8\u5b58\u7591\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u83ab\u83b1\u8482\u5c24\u5176\u53cd\u5bf9\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u9886\u57df\u76db\u884c\u7684\u5934\u8111\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5b9e\u8bc1\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u6570\u636e\u9a71\u52a8(data-driven)\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4ed6\u63f4\u5f15\u5e93\u6069\uff08Thomas Kuhn\uff09\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u901a\u8fc7\u68c0\u89c6\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u73b0\u65b0\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u89c4\u5f8b\u7684\u3002\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u4ece\u7406\u8bba\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6d4b\u91cf\u548c\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u52a0\u5f3a\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u628a\u7406\u8bba\u6240\u8574\u542b\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\uff08potential\uff09\u79e9\u5e8f\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u5b9e\u5728\uff08actual\uff09\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u7814\u7a76\u5e94\u662f\u7406\u8bba\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\uff08theory-driven\uff09\u3001\u6570\u636e\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u591f\u68c0\u9a8c\u3001\u8bc1\u4f2a\u3001\u6311\u6218\u73b0\u5b58\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u591f\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u65b0\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<sup>[33]<\/sup>\u83ab\u83b1\u8482\u548c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u6210\u5458\u901a\u8fc7\u8ba1\u7b97\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u5965\u5c14\u5df4\u8d6b\u3001\u5df4\u8d6b\u91d1\u3001\u5e03\u5c14\u8fea\u5384\u7b49\u6743\u5a01\u5b66\u8005\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u9a8c\u8bc1\u548c\u4fee\u8ba2\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c06\u201c\u7ecf\u5178\u201d\u3001\u201c\u98ce\u683c\u201d\u7b49\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u6982\u5ff5\u53d8\u5f97\u53ef\u64cd\u4f5c\u3001\u53ef\u8ba1\u91cf\u7684\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u671d\u7740\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7406\u60f3\u8fc8\u8fdb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong><span style=\"color:#0071a1\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u4e09\u3001\u83ab\u83b1\u8482\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8def\u5f84\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b66\u754c\u7684\u542f\u793a<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u5f53\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6b63\u9762\u4e34\u65b0\u4e00\u6ce2\u9605\u8bfb\/\u9610\u91ca\u7684\u7126\u8651\uff1a\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5f3a\u70c8\u8d28\u7591\u897f\u65b9\u6587\u5b66\u3001\u6587\u5316\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u6e34\u671b\u5efa\u7acb\u672c\u571f\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u8bdd\u8bed\uff0c\u4e0e\u897f\u65b9\u5b66\u754c\u5206\u5ead\u6297\u793c\uff1b<sup>[34]<\/sup>\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5219\u662f\u5728\u9610\u91ca\u672c\u571f\u65b0\u5174\u6587\u5b66\u73b0\u8c61\u65f6\u6349\u895f\u89c1\u8098\u3001\u529b\u4e0d\u4ece\u5fc3\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u6d69\u5982\u70df\u6d77\u3001\u52a8\u8f84\u6570\u767e\u4e07\u5b57\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u6587\u5b66\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u5e38\u5e38\u8ba9\u4e60\u60ef\u6587\u672c\u7ec6\u8bfb\u3001\u7cbe\u8bfb\u7684\u5b66\u9662\u6d3e\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u65e2\u201c\u8bfb\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6765\u201d\u53c8\u201c\u8bfb\u4e0d\u4e0b\u53bb\u201d\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53d1\u51fa\u201c\u7814\u7a76\u7f51\u7edc\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u96be\u5ea6\u6bd4\u7814\u7a76\u4f20\u7edf\u6587\u5b66\u8981\u5927\u201d\u7684\u611f\u559f\u3002<sup>[35]<\/sup>\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u79cd\u56f0\u5883\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6216\u8bb8\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6025\u7740\u62d2\u65a5\u897f\u65b9\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u66f4\u5168\u9762\u3001\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u5730\u4e86\u89e3\u897f\u65b9\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u7406\u5ff5\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5728\u7b14\u8005\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u83ab\u83b1\u8482\u53ca\u5176\u7814\u7a76\u56e2\u961f\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u81f3\u5c11\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e09\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u542f\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u9996\u5148\u662f\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5b9a\u91cf\u6216\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u548c\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u56fd\u5185\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5173\u4e8e\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u624d\u521a\u521a\u8d77\u6b65\uff0c\u4f46\u5df2\u7ecf\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u663e\u8457\u7684\u5206\u6b67\u548c\u4e89\u8bae\u3002\u5f20\u6c5f\u6559\u6388\u5728\u300a\u5f3a\u5236\u9610\u91ca\u8bba\u300b\u4e00\u6587\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u5728\u201c\u5927\u6570\u636e\u3001\u4e91\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u65f6\u4ee3\u91cc\u201d\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5efa\u6784\u6587\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\u201c\u5e94\u8be5\u5927\u6709\u6240\u4e3a\u201d\u3002<sup>[36]<\/sup>\u4ed6\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9\u968f\u5373\u906d\u5230\u4e86\u5f20\u7389\u80fd\u6559\u6388\u7684\u8d28\u7591\u3002\u540e\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u201c\u6587\u672c\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u7684\u5b9a\u91cf\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u5b9a\u6027\u5206\u6790\u7684\u8bc1\u5b9e\u6216\u8005\u8bc1\u4f2a\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u201d\u6781\u4e3a\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u6587\u672c\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u201c\u53c2\u4e0e\u5230\u7406\u8bba\u5efa\u6784\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u53bb\u201d\u3002<sup>[37]<\/sup>\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b66\u8005\u867d\u7136\u80af\u5b9a\u4e86\u5b9a\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u53ef\u884c\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u5bf9\u5229\u7528\u5ba2\u89c2\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u4e3b\u89c2\u6027\u8f83\u5f3a\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u4f5c\u54c1\u6301\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u6000\u7591\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c<sup>[38]<\/sup>\u6216\u662f\u4e3b\u5f20\u4ec5\u5229\u7528\u6570\u636e\u7edf\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u548c\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u5982\u8c03\u67e5\u54ea\u4e9b\u4e3b\u9898\u3001\u60c5\u8282\u548c\u8bed\u8a00\u98ce\u683c\u6700\u53d7\u8bfb\u8005\u6b22\u8fce\u3002<sup>[39]<\/sup>\u83ab\u83b1\u8482\u53ca\u5176\u6587\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u6587\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u7684\u8ba1\u91cf\u7814\u7a76\u5e76\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u8bcd\u9891\u7edf\u8ba1\u90a3\u4e48\u7b80\u5355\uff1b\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4ee5\u7406\u8bba\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u5047\u8bf4\u4e3a\u6307\u5bfc\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3001\u5b9a\u91cf\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u56e2\u961f\u4e3a\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u4e00\u5957\u590d\u6742\u800c\u4e25\u8c28\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u88ab\u7edf\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u201d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u591f\u751f\u4ea7\u51fa\u65b0\u7684\u3001\u6709\u6548\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u6d1e\u89c1\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u591f\u4fc3\u8fdb\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4fee\u6b63\u548c\u91cd\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u7279\u522b\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u83ab\u83b1\u8482\u575a\u6301\u7528\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u6587\u5b66\u672c\u4f53\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u6587\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u518c\u5b50\u91cc\u5c06\u9879\u76ee\u7ec4\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u547d\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u8ba1\u91cf\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\uff08quantitative formalism\uff09\u3002\u5728\u83ab\u83b1\u8482\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u5f62\u5f0f\u5206\u6790\u201c\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u65b0\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u2014\u2014\u5b9a\u91cf\u7684\u3001\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u3001\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u3001\u6216\u4e0d\u7ba1\u4ec0\u4e48\u65b9\u6cd5\u2014\u2014\u5fc5\u987b\u501f\u6b64\u8bc1\u660e\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u9886\u57df\u201d\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u65b0\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5fc5\u987b\u8bc1\u660e\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u5b8c\u6210\u5f62\u5f0f\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u8981\u8bc1\u660e\u5b83\u6bd4\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\u505a\u5f97\u66f4\u597d\uff0c\u6216\u81f3\u5c11\u540c\u6837\u597d\u3002<sup>[40]<\/sup>\u83ab\u83b1\u8482\u8ba4\u540c\u5362\u5361\u5947\u5728\u300a\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7406\u8bba\u300b\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5f62\u5f0f\u90fd\u662f\u5bf9\u4e00\u79cd\u6839\u672c\u6027\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u5931\u8c03\uff08dissonance\uff09\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u4e4b\u9053\u201d\u3002\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u6d41\u901d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5931\u8c03\u90fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u590d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4f46\u6587\u5b66\u5374\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u4fdd\u5b58\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5f62\u5f0f\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u4f5c\u54c1\u6240\u66fe\u7ecf\u8bd5\u56fe\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u5931\u8c03\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63ed\u793a\u51fa\u5386\u53f2\u4e0d\u4e3a\u4eba\u77e5\u7684\u4e00\u9762\u3002<sup>[41]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u5176\u6b21\u662f\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u5229\u7528\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u3001\u620f\u5267\u7b49\u53d9\u4e8b\u6587\u4f53\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u6216\u8bb8\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u5404\u7c7b\u53e4\u7c4d\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u63a8\u52a8\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u4fbf\u5229\u6027\uff0c\u56fd\u5185\u5b66\u8005\u5728\u5c1d\u8bd5\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u65b9\u6cd5\u65f6\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u504f\u7231\u53e4\u4ee3\u8bd7\u8bcd\u6587\u672c\u3002\u53e4\u4ee3\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u4e5f\u8fdc\u5927\u4e8e\u73b0\u5f53\u4ee3\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u3002<sup>[42]<\/sup>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e0d\u4e4f\u8fd0\u7528\u68c0\u7d22\u8f6f\u4ef6\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u7edf\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u6587\u5c0f\u8bf4\u6587\u672c\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c<sup>[43]<\/sup>\u4f46\u5176\u7814\u7a76\u89c6\u91ce\u3001\u6280\u672f\u542b\u91cf\u548c\u7406\u8bba\u610f\u4e49\u4e00\u822c\u90fd\u8f83\u4e3a\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u4e5f\u5f80\u5f80\u53ea\u662f\u4f50\u8bc1\u4e86\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u83ab\u83b1\u8482\u53ca\u5176\u56e2\u961f\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u6587\u7c7b\u3001\u4e3b\u9898\u3001\u4eba\u7269\u3001\u60c5\u8282\u3001\u98ce\u683c\u7b49\u8981\u7d20\u65f6\u6240\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7f51\u7edc\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u5177\u6709\u7279\u522b\u7684\u501f\u9274\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5\uff0c\u81ea1990\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u5f53\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u6587\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u8d85\u957f\u7bc7\u5c0f\u8bf4\u66f4\u662f\u53d1\u5c55\u4e3a\u6587\u5316\u521b\u610f\u4ea7\u4e1a\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6e90\u6587\u672c\u3002\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b66\u8005\u5f00\u59cb\u4ee5\u5bf9\u5f85\u7eaf\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u4e25\u8083\u6001\u5ea6\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u7f51\u7edc\u6587\u5b66\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u8fdb\u5165\u7f51\u6587\u73b0\u573a\u3002\u5982\u90b5\u71d5\u541b\u6559\u6388\u4e3b\u7f16\u7684\u300a\u7f51\u7edc\u6587\u5b66\u7ecf\u5178\u89e3\u8bfb\u300b\uff0c\u5c31\u4ee5\u6587\u672c\u7ec6\u8bfb\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5bf9\u5341\u4e09\u4f4d\u77e5\u540d\u7f51\u7edc\u4f5c\u5bb6\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6df1\u5165\u5206\u6790\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u65e2\u7136\u7f51\u7edc\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u201c\u7f51\u7edc\u6027\u201d\u5df2\u7ecf\u74e6\u89e3\u4e86\u201c\u96c5\u4fd7\u4e8c\u5143\u5bf9\u7acb\u7ed3\u6784\u201d\uff0c<sup>[44]<\/sup>\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4e3a\u4f55\u8fd8\u8981\u5c06\u6781\u5c11\u6570\u7f51\u7edc\u6587\u5b66\u4f5c\u54c1\u7ecf\u5178\u5316\uff0c\u4eba\u4e3a\u5730\u5236\u9020\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u9ad8\u96c5\u6587\u5316\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u7cbe\u82f1\u7f51\u6587\u4f5c\u8005\u9636\u5c42\uff1f\u90a3\u4e9b\u5c11\u4eba\u95ee\u6d25\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u6587\u5b66\u4f5c\u54c1\u662f\u5426\u5c31\u5bf9\u7f51\u7edc\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u53d1\u5c55\u6beb\u65e0\u76ca\u5904\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u6448\u5f03\u4ee5\u7ecf\u5178\u4e3a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53c8\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u9762\u5bf9\u6d77\u91cf\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u6587\u5b66\u4f5c\u54c1\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u5c06\u7f51\u7edc\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5355\u4f4d\u4ece\u4e2a\u522b\u4f5c\u5bb6\u3001\u4f5c\u54c1\u6269\u5927\u5230\u6587\u7c7b\u548c\u7f51\u7ad9\uff08\u793e\u7fa4\uff09\u6216\u8bb8\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u6027\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u4e0e\u5176\u7528\u7ec6\u8bfb\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u8f9b\u5937\u575e\u7684\u8a00\u60c5\u5c0f\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e0d\u59a8\u7528\u8fdc\u8bfb\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u63a2\u7a76\u6574\u4e2a\u8a00\u60c5\u5c0f\u8bf4\u6587\u7c7b\u3002\u6307\u51fa\u8f9b\u5937\u575e\u7684\u8a00\u60c5\u5c0f\u8bf4\u201c\u5e38\u5e38\u51fa\u73b0\u8fdd\u80cc\u4f26\u5e38\u7684\u604b\u60c5\u201d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5236\u9020\u7981\u5fcc\u6765\u91cd\u5efa\u7231\u60c5\u795e\u8bdd\uff0c<sup>[45]<\/sup>\u56fa\u7136\u4e0d\u9519\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u8282\u6a21\u5f0f\u662f\u5426\u4e5f\u5e7f\u6cdb\u89c1\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u90fd\u5e02\u8a00\u60c5\u5c0f\u8bf4\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6216\u53ef\u501f\u52a9\u6587\u5b66\u7f51\u7ad9\u81ea\u5e26\u7684\u5e9e\u5927\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u7528\u4e3b\u9898\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u66f4\u5145\u5206\u3001\u66f4\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6765\u8bc1\u5b9e\u8fd9\u79cd\u7981\u5fcc\u6027\u604b\u60c5\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u8a00\u60c5\u5c0f\u8bf4\u65b0\u8fd1\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d1\u5c55\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u53cd\u590d\u91cd\u73b0\u7684\u6bcd\u9898\uff0c\u5efa\u6784\uff08\u91cd\u5efa\uff09\u7231\u60c5\u795e\u8bdd\u662f\u5426\u662f\u8a00\u60c5\u5c0f\u8bf4\u8fd9\u4e00\u6587\u7c7b\u533a\u522b\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u7c7b\u7684\u6839\u672c\u7279\u70b9\uff1f\u5728\u501f\u9274\u83ab\u83b1\u8482\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u7f51\u7edc\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u53f2\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4ed6\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u6587\u7c7b\u5468\u671f\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u5316\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u53d1\u751f\u7684\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7c7b\u578b\u662f\u5426\u5982\u83ab\u83b1\u8482\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u6210\u7fa4\u7ed3\u961f\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u7136\u540e\u96c6\u4f53\u6d88\u5931\uff1f\u8fd8\u662f\u4f1a\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u7c7b\u878d\u5408\uff0c\u884d\u751f\u51fa\u65b0\u7684\u53d8\u79cd\u3002\u5c31\u76ee\u524d\u7f51\u7edc\u6587\u7c7b\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u72b6\u51b5\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u540e\u4e00\u79cd\u5224\u65ad\u66f4\u52a0\u51c6\u786e\u3002<sup>[46]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u9664\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u83ab\u83b1\u8482\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u6700\u503c\u5f97\u501f\u9274\u3001\u4e5f\u6700\u96be\u501f\u9274\u7684\uff0c\u6050\u6015\u8fd8\u662f\u4ed6\u5bf9\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5206\u6790\u548c\u9610\u91ca\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4ed6\u901a\u8fc7\u5fae\u89c2\u7684\u6570\u636e\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u5b8f\u89c2\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u5b9a\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u4e00\u76f4\u6ca1\u80fd\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b66\u754c\u4ea7\u751f\u5927\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u6070\u6070\u5c31\u56e0\u4e3a\u56fd\u5185\u4ece\u4e8b\u5b9a\u91cf\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u7f3a\u4e4f\u83ab\u83b1\u8482\u90a3\u6837\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u89c6\u91ce\u548c\u5b66\u672f\u79ef\u7d2f\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u63d0\u70bc\u51fa\u5177\u6709\u666e\u9002\u6027\u548c\u542f\u53d1\u6027\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u601d\u8003\u3002\u4ee5\u5c0f\u8bf4\u6807\u9898\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u56fd\u5185\u5176\u5b9e\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u5b66\u8005\u505a\u8fc7\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5b9a\u91cf\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u9648\u6d77\u82f1\u66fe\u201c\u9009\u53d6\u56fd\u5185\u77e5\u540d\u6587\u827a\u6742\u5fd7\u7684\u6587\u827a\u4f5c\u54c1\u3001\u5386\u5e74\u8305\u76fe\u6587\u5b66\u5956\u548c\u9c81\u8fc5\u6587\u5b66\u5956\u7684\u83b7\u5956\u4f5c\u54c1\u53ca\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u5f71\u89c6\u4f5c\u54c1\u540d\u79f0\u201d\uff0c\u81ea\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b2000\u4e2a\u6807\u9898\u7684\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\uff0c\u5e76\u4ece\u4e2d\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u53d6\u4e861200\u4e2a\u6807\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u7edf\u8ba1\u5206\u6790\u3002<sup>[47]<\/sup>\u548c\u83ab\u83b1\u8482\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5979\u4e5f\u7edf\u8ba1\u4e86\u6807\u9898\u7684\u5b57\u6570\u548c\u8bed\u8a00\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u6b62\u6b65\u4e8e\u5bf9\u6807\u9898\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u5206\u7c7b\uff0c\u6ca1\u80fd\u50cf\u83ab\u83b1\u8482\u90a3\u6837\u4ece\u5c0f\u8bf4\u6807\u9898\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u4fe1\u606f\u4e2d\u89e3\u8bfb\u51fa\u6587\u5b66\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3001\u6587\u7c7b\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u4e0e\u6574\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u6587\u5316\u7684\u53d8\u8fc1\uff0c\u5176\u7814\u7a76\u4ef7\u503c\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u5927\u6253\u6298\u6263\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u4ece\u7ec6\u8bfb\u5230\u8fdc\u8bfb\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u8f6c\u578b\uff0c\u6216\u8bb8\u80fd\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u5f00\u521b\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u4ecb\u5165\u3001\u628a\u63e1\u672c\u571f\u6587\u5b66\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5e76\u6700\u7ec8\u201c\u901a\u8fc7\u5927\u6570\u636e\u8d70\u5411\u5927\u95ee\u9898\u201d\uff0c<sup>[48]<\/sup>\u8ba9\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b66\u6d3e\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9065\u4e0d\u53ef\u53ca\u7684\u68a6\u60f3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000<span style=\"color:#b7b7b7\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u6587\u7ae0\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u5916\u6587\u8bba\u300b2017\u5e74\u7b2c1\u671f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u3000\u6ce8 \u91ca\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u3000\u3000[1] http\uff1a\/\/bookcritics.org\/ blog\/ archive\/ national-book-critics-circle-announces-award-winners-for-publishing-year-20\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u3000\u3000[2] \u622a\u6b622016\u5e747\u6708\uff0cCNKI\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u4e13\u95e8\u8bba\u8ff0\u83ab\u83b1\u8482\u7684\u671f\u520a\u8bba\u6587\u6709\uff1a\u5434\u96e8\u5e73\u3001\u65b9\u6c49\u6587\uff1a\u300a\u201c\u65b0\u6587\u5b66\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u201d\u4e0e\u4e16\u754c\u6587\u5b66\u53f2\u89c2\u2014\u2014\u8bc4\u7f8e\u56fd\u201c\u91cd\u6784\u6d3e\u201d\u83ab\u83b1\u8482\u6559\u6388\u7684\u5b66\u8bf4\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u6587\u827a\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u300b2013\u5e74\u7b2c5\u671f\uff1b\u5434\u96e8\u5e73\u3001\u65b9\u6c49\u6587\uff1a\u300a\u201c\u6587\u5b66\u4e16\u754c\u4f53\u7cfb\u201d\u89c2\u5ff5\u8bc4\u9a98\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u5916\u56fd\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u300b2013\u5e74\u7b2c5\u671f\uff1b\u9ad8\u6811\u535a\uff1a\u300a\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5bf9\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u60f3\u8c61\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u91cd\u5e86\u5e7f\u64ad\u7535\u89c6\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u62a5\u300b2014\u5e74\u7b2c4\u671f\uff1b\u9ad8\u6811\u535a\uff1a\u300a\u8bba\u5f17\u5170\u514b\u00b7\u83ab\u83b1\u8482\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u6587\u5b66\u53f2\u89c2\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u7ef5\u9633\u5e08\u8303\u5b66\u9662\u5b66\u62a5\u300b2014\u5e74\u7b2c10\u671f\uff1b\u9ad8\u6811\u535a\uff1a\u300a\u5f17\u5170\u514b\u00b7\u83ab\u83b1\u8482\u5bf9\u201c\u7ec6\u8bfb\u201d\u7684\u6279\u5224\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u5b66\u672f\u8bba\u575b\u300b2015\u5e74\u7b2c4\u671f\uff1b\u9648\u6653\u8f89\uff1a\u300a\u5927\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u2014\u2014\u57fa\u4e8e\u5f17\u5170\u514b\u00b7\u83ab\u83b1\u8482\u6587\u5b66\u5b9a\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u6cd5\u7684\u8003\u5bdf\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u6587\u827a\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u300b2016\u5e74\u7b2c2\u671f\uff1b\u9648\u6653\u8f89\uff1a\u300a\u5f17\u5170\u514b\u00b7\u83ab\u83b1\u8482\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u5f62\u5f0f\u89c2\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fe\u4e66\u8bc4\u8bba\u300b2016\u5e74\u7b2c3\u671f\uff1b\u9648\u6653\u8f89\uff1a\u300a\u5f17\u5170\u514b\u00b7\u83ab\u83b1\u8482\u7684\u4e09\u91cd\u6587\u5b66\u7a7a\u95f4\u89c2\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u897f\u5317\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u62a5\u300b2016\u5e74\u7b2c3\u671f\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u503c\u5f97\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u91d1\u96ef\u548c\u674e\u7ef3\u7684\u300a\u5927\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u4e0e\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff08\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fe\u4e66\u8bc4\u8bba\u300b2014\u5e74\u7b2c4\u671f\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u6885\u65b0\u6797\u7684\u300a\u8bba\u6587\u5b66\u5730\u56fe\u300b\uff08\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u300b2015\u5e74\u7b2c8\u671f\uff09\u3002\u524d\u8005\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u4e86\u89e3\u83ab\u83b1\u8482\u6240\u5904\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u8bed\u5883\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u5c06\u83ab\u83b1\u8482\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u653e\u5165\u4e86\u6b27\u7f8e\u6587\u5b66\u5730\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u8109\u7edc\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u3000\u3000[3] \u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u83ab\u83b1\u8482\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u201cConjunctures on World Literature\u201d\u5df2\u7531\u8bd7\u6021\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u4e2d\u6587\uff0c\u5e76\u53d1\u8868\u4e8e\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6bd4\u8f83\u6587\u5b66\u300b2010\u5e74\u7b2c2\u671f\u3002\u8fd9\u7bc7\u4e2d\u8bd1\u5c06\u6587\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6982\u5ff5\u201cdistant reading\u201d\uff08\u201c\u8fdc\u8ddd\u79bb\u9605\u8bfb\u201d\u6216\u201c\u8fdc\u8bfb\u201d\uff09\u8bd1\u6210\u4e86\u201c\u8fdc\u79bb\u9605\u8bfb\u201d\u3002\u9648\u6653\u8f89\u7684\u300a\u5927\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u300b\u4e00\u6587\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u8bef\u8bd1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u3000\u3000[4] Franco Moretti\uff0cGraphs\uff0cMaps\uff0cTrees\uff1aAbstract Models for a Literary History\uff0cLondon\uff1aVerso\uff0c2005\uff0c2. \u57282016\u5e74\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bbf\u8c08\u4e2d\uff0c\u83ab\u83b1\u8482\u900f\u9732\u4ed6\u5e74\u8f7b\u65f6\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u662f\u505a\u4e00\u540d\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u5b66\u4e0d\u591f\u597d\uff0c\u624d\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u6587\u5b66\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u3000\u3000[5] Franco Moretti\uff0cDistant Reading\uff0cLondon\uff1aVerso\uff0c2013\uff0c179.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u3000\u3000[6] Melissa Dinsman\uff0c\u201cThe Digital in the Humanities\uff1aAn Interview with Franco Moretti\uff0c\u201d Los Angeles Review of Books\uff0cMarch 2\uff0c 2016\uff0c https\uff1a\/\/lareviewofbooks.org\/ article\/the-digital-in-the-humanities-an-interview-with-franco-moretti\/.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u3000\u3000[7] Franco Moretti\uff0cDistant Reading\uff0c pp.48-49.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u3000\u3000[8] \u8be5\u4e66\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u6811\u201d\u6307\u7684\u662f\u8fdb\u5316\u6811\u56fe\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6709\u5b66\u8005\u5c06\u4e66\u540d\u8bd1\u4f5c\u201c\u56fe\u8868\u3001\u5730\u56fe\u3001\u6811\u72b6\u56fe\u201d\u3002\u8003\u8651\u5230\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u5728\u201c\u6811\u201d\u540e\u9762\u52a0\u201c\u56fe\u201d\u5b57\uff0c\u5982\u201c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6811\u201d\u3001\u201c\u51b3\u7b56\u6811\u201d\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u8bd1\u4f5c\u201c\u6811\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u3000\u3000[9] Franco Moretti\uff0cGraphs\uff0cMaps\uff0cTrees\uff0c1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u3000\u3000[10] Franco Moretti\uff0cGraphs\uff0cMaps\uff0cTrees\uff0c4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u3000\u3000[11] Franco Moretti\uff0cGraphs\uff0cMaps\uff0cTrees\uff0c30.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u3000\u3000[12] Chad Wellmon\uff0c\u201cSacred Reading\uff1aFrom Augustine to the Digital Humanists\uff0c\u201d The Hedgehog Review 17.3 \uff08Fall2015\uff09\uff0c http\uff1a\/\/www. iasc-culture.org\/ THR\/THR_article_2015_Fall_ Wellmon.php.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u3000\u3000[13] Franco Moretti\uff0cDistant Reading\uff0c181.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u3000\u3000[14] \u7f51\u7edc\u7406\u8bba\u6d89\u53ca\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u79d1\u6280\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u751f\u7269\u7f51\u7edc\u7b49\u591a\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6700\u4e3a\u4eba\u719f\u77e5\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u5c0f\u4e16\u754c\u7406\u8bba\u6216\u516d\u5ea6\u5206\u9694\u7406\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u3000\u3000[15] \u83ab\u83b1\u8482\u5728\u6587\u4e2d\u5766\u627f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fe\u5b58\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u8003\u8651\u8fb9\u7684\u6743\u91cd(weight)\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u4eba\u7269\u4e4b\u95f4\u8bf4\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u548c\u8bf4\u4e00\u767e\u53e5\u8bdd\uff0c\u90fd\u88ab\u5f53\u4f5c\u662f\u4e00\u56de\u4e8b\u3002\u4e8c\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u6807\u8bc6\u51fa\u8a00\u8bed\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u8bf4\u660e\u662f\u8c01\u5bf9\u8c01\u8bf4\u8bdd\u3002\u76f4\u52302013\u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u201c\u2018Operationalizing\u2019\uff1aor\uff0cthe Function of Measurement in Modern Literary Theory\u201d\u4e00\u6587\uff0c\u83ab\u83b1\u8482\u624d\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u6ee1\u610f\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u3000\u3000[16] Andrew Seal\uff0c\u201cWe Have Never Been Well-Read\uff1aFranco Moretti&#8217;s Pact with the Devil\uff0c\u201d The Quarterly Conversation 33 \uff08September 2\uff0c2013\uff09\uff0chttp\uff1a\/\/quarterly conversation.com\/we-have-never-been-well-read-franco-morettis-pact-with-the-devil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u3000\u3000[17]\u53c2\u89c1Matthew G. Kirschenbaum\uff0c\u201cWhat Is Digital humanities and What\u2019s It Doing in English Departments\uff1f\u201dADEBulletin 150\uff082010\uff09:1-7\uff1b\u9648\u9759\uff1a\u300a\u5386\u53f2\u4e0e\u4e89\u8bba\u2014\u2014\u82f1\u7f8e\u201c\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u201d\u53d1\u5c55\u7efc\u8ff0\uff0c\u300a\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u300b2014\u5e74\u7b2c2\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u3000\u3000[18] Rachel Serlen\uff0c\u201cThe Distant Future\uff1fReading Franco Moretti\uff0c\u201dLiterature Compass 7.3 \uff082010\uff09\uff1a214-25.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u3000\u3000[19] Stanley Fish\uff0c\u201cThe Digital Humanities and the Transcending of Mortality\uff0c\u201d January 9\uff0c2012\uff0chttp\uff1a\/\/opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com\/ 2012\/01\/09\/the-digital-humanities-and-the-transcending-of-mortality\/.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u3000\u3000[20] Karen Shook\uff0c\u201cThe Author\uff0c\u201d The Times Higher Education Supplement\uff0c June 27\uff0c2013\uff0chttps\uff1a\/\/www. times higher education. com\/books\/the-bourgeois-between-history-and-literature-by-franco-moretti\/2005020.article.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u3000\u3000[21] Sarah Allison\uff0cRyan Heuser\uff0cMatthew Jockers\uff0cFranco Moretti\uff0cand Michael Witmore\uff0c\u201cQuantitative Formalism\uff1aAn Experiment\uff0c\u201d January 15\uff0c 2011\uff0chttps\uff1a\/\/litlab.stanford.edu\/ pamphlets\/.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u3000\u3000[22] Docuscope\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u5361\u5185\u57fa\u00b7\u6885\u9686\u5927\u5b66\u5f00\u53d1\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6587\u672c\u5206\u6790\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u4e00\u90e8\u667a\u80fd\u5b57\u5178\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u8d85\u8fc72\u4ebf\u7684\u82f1\u8bed\u8bcd\u4e32(string)\u548c101\u4e2a\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u8bed\u8a00\u884c\u52a8\u7c7b\u578b\u201d\uff08Language Action Types\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0LATs\uff09\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u8bed\u8a00\u8303\u7574\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bcd\u4e32\u90fd\u88ab\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2aLAT\u3002Sarah Allison\uff0cet al.\uff0c\u201cQuantitative Formalism\uff0c\u201d 2. \u56fd\u5185\u5bf9Docuscope\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u53c2\u89c1\u80e1\u548f\u6885\u3001\u738b\u5efa\u4e1c\uff1a\u300a\u57fa\u4e8eDocuscope\u6280\u672f\u4e0a\u975e\u82f1\u8bed\u4e13\u4e1a\u5b66\u751f\u63cf\u5199\u6587\u5199\u4f5c\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u4f73\u6728\u65af\u6559\u80b2\u5b66\u9662\u5b66\u62a5\u300b2010\u5e74\u7b2c2\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u3000\u3000[23] \u4e3b\u6210\u5206\u5206\u6790\uff08Principal Component Analysis\uff09\u662f\u5229\u7528\u964d\u7ef4\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u628a\u539f\u6765\u591a\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u5c11\u6570\u51e0\u4e2a\u7efc\u5408\u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u5373\u4e3b\u6210\u5206\uff09\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7edf\u8ba1\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6210\u5206\u90fd\u662f\u539f\u59cb\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u5404\u4e3b\u6210\u5206\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e92\u4e0d\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e3b\u6210\u5206\u80fd\u591f\u53cd\u6620\u539f\u59cb\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u7edd\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4e14\u6240\u542b\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4e92\u4e0d\u91cd\u53e0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u3000\u3000[24] \u76ee\u524d\u82f1\u8bed\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u6587\u7c7b\u540d\u79f0\u76f8\u5f53\u6df7\u4e71\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u6e90\u81ea\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5a92\u4ecb\uff0c\u5982\u4e66\u4fe1\u4f53\u5c0f\u8bf4\uff1b\u6709\u7684\u6e90\u81ea\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5982\u5386\u53f2\u5c0f\u8bf4\u3001\u5de5\u4e1a\u5c0f\u8bf4\uff1b\u6709\u7684\u6765\u81ea\u98ce\u683c\uff0c\u5982\u81ea\u7136\u4e3b\u4e49\u5c0f\u8bf4\uff1b\u6709\u7684\u7528\u6bd4\u55bb\uff0c\u5982\u54e5\u7279\u5c0f\u8bf4\u3001\u94f6\u53c9\u5c0f\u8bf4\uff08silver-fork\uff09\u3002Sarah Allison\uff0cet al.\uff0c\u201cQuantitative Formalism\uff0c\u201d 10\uff0cnote 12.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u3000\u3000[25] Sarah Allison\uff0cMarissa Gemma\uff0cRyan Heuser\uff0cFranco Moretti\uff0cAmir Tevel and Irena Yamboliev\uff0c\u201cStyle at the Scale of the Sentence\uff0c\u201d June 2013\uff0c https\uff1a\/\/litlab.stanford. edu\/pamphlets\/.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u3000\u3000[26] Sarah Allison\uff0cet al.\uff0c\u201cStyle at the Scale ofthe Sentence\uff0c\u201d 26.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u3000\u3000[27] \u8bba\u6587\u5c06\u6863\u6848\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u201c\u6240\u6709\u5df2\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\u88ab\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u201d\u3002\u8bba\u6587\u8003\u5bdf\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u6587\u672c\u6765\u81eaChadwyck-Healey19\u4e16\u7eaa\u5c0f\u8bf4\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u5171\u8ba1 263\u90e8\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u6863\u6848\u6587\u672c\u603b\u5171854\u90e8\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6e20\u9053\u3002\u53c2\u89c1Mark Algee-Hewitt\uff0cSarah Allison\uff0cMarissa Gemma\uff0cRyan Heuser\uff0cFranco Moretti\uff0cand Hannah Walser\uff1a\u201cCanon\/Archive. Large-scale Dynamics in the Literary Field\uff0c\u201dJanuary\uff0c2016\uff0c2-3\uff0chttps\uff1a\/\/litlab.stanford.edu\/pamphlets\/.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u3000\u3000[28] \u9879\u76ee\u7ec4\u6d4b\u91cf\u4e86\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u4e0e\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u7684\u8854\u63a5\u7684\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u6027\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u201cof\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u540e\u9762\u901a\u5e38\u63a5\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u201cthe\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f \u201cno\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u201cof no\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8c\u5143\u7ec4\u5408\uff08bigram\uff09\u5c31\u8fdc\u6bd4\u201cof the\u201d\u66f4\u96be\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u91cf\u4e5f\u66f4\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u3000\u3000[29] \u7c7b\u7b26\u5f62\u7b26\u6bd4 (type-token ratio)\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8bcd\u5f62\u6216\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u4e0e\u5355\u8bcd\u6216\u5f62\u7b26\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u3000\u3000[30] Mark Algee-Hewitt\uff0cet al. \u201cCanon\/Archive\uff0c\u201d 12.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u3000\u3000[31] Melissa Dinsman\uff0c\u201cThe Digital in the Humanities.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u3000\u3000[32] Franco Moretti\uff0c\u201cInvisible objects\uff0c\u201dhttps\uff1a\/\/www.wiko-berlin. de \/en\/ fellows\/ alumni\/fellows-club\/ newsletter\/ may-2014\/ franco-moretti-invisible-objects\/.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u3000\u3000[33] Franco Moretti\uff0c\u201c\u2018Operationalizing\u2019\uff1aor\uff0cthe Function of Measurement in Modern Literary Theory\uff0c\u201dDecember 2013\uff0c4\uff0c13\uff0chttps\uff1a\/\/litlab.stanford.edu\/pamphlets\/.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">\u3000\u3000[34] 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