{"id":9217,"date":"2021-09-30T13:37:51","date_gmt":"2021-09-30T05:37:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/?p=9217"},"modified":"2024-04-04T01:30:34","modified_gmt":"2024-04-03T17:30:34","slug":"%e4%ba%ba%e7%b1%bb%e4%b8%96%e4%b8%8e%e5%b8%9d%e5%9b%bd%e4%ba%ba%e7%b1%bb%e8%ae%b0%e5%bd%95%e7%9a%84%e8%af%9d%e8%af%ad%e7%bd%91%e7%bb%9c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/site\/works\/dhjournal\/202102\/9217.html","title":{"rendered":"\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e16\u4e0e\u5e1d\u56fd:\u4eba\u7c7b\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u7f51\u7edc"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u8a79\u59c6\u58eb\u00b7\u674e  \u7ea6\u4e66\u4e9a\u00b7\u8d1d\u514b\u83b1\u9ed8  \u9648\u5927\u9f99(\u8bd1); \u8f6c\u81ea\uff1a\u516c\u4f17\u53f7 DH\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong><span style=\"color:#60569a\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8df5<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Da_Feng_Mian-1024x431.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9218\" width=\"635\" height=\"267\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Da_Feng_Mian-1024x431.png 1024w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Da_Feng_Mian-300x126.png 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Da_Feng_Mian-768x323.png 768w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Da_Feng_Mian-1536x646.png 1536w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Da_Feng_Mian.png 1678w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 635px) 100vw, 635px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><span style=\"color:#0071a1\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u8a79\u59c6\u58eb\u00b7\u674e\u00a0\/\u00a0\u7f8e\u56fd\u8f9b\u8f9b\u90a3\u63d0\u5927\u5b66\u6570\u5b57\u5b66\u672f\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><span style=\"color:#0071a1\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u7ea6\u4e66\u4e9a\u00b7\u8d1d\u514b\u83b1\u9ed8\u00a0\/\u00a0\u7f8e\u56fd\u8f9b\u8f9b\u90a3\u63d0\u5927\u5b66\u82f1\u8bed\u548c\u6bd4\u8f83\u6587\u5b66\u7cfb<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><span style=\"color:#0071a1\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u9648\u5927\u9f99(\u8bd1)\u00a0\/\u00a0\u6d59\u6c5f\u5927\u5b66\u56fd\u9645\u8054\u5408\u5b66\u9662<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color\" style=\"color:#0071a1\">&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><span style=\"color:#0071a1\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u6458\u8981:<\/span><\/strong>\u5173\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e16\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u548c\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\uff0c\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u5bf9\u4eba\u6587\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u63a2\u7a76\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u800c\u57fa\u7840\u6027\u7684\u518d\u601d\u8003\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u4e3b\u4f53\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4f53\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5730\u8d28\u4e3b\u4f53\uff0c\u800c\u4eba\u6587\u63a2\u7a76\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u4e5f\u5e94\u8be5\u968f\u7740\u8fd9\u79cd\u8ba4\u8bc6\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u6587\u827a\u590d\u5174\u65f6\u671f1610\u5e74\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e16\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u70b9\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u65b9\u6cd5\u67e5\u627e\u3001\u5206\u7c7b\u3001\u5206\u6790\u6784\u6210\u5176\u540e\u4eba\u7c7b\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u5927\u578b\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\uff0c\u8ba8\u8bba\u6b96\u6c11\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77\u53ca\u5176\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u751f\u7269\u7684\u5168\u7403\u5927\u6d41\u52a8\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u201c\u65e9\u671f\u82f1\u6587\u4e66\u7c4d\u5728\u7ebf\u201d\u548c\u201cHathiTrust\u6570\u5b57\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u201d\u4e2d\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6863\u6848\uff0c\u5bfb\u627e\u8bc1\u636e\u6765\u652f\u6301\u6216\u53cd\u9a73\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u73b0\u4ee3\u65e9\u671f\u5168\u7403\u5316\u7684\u5174\u8d77\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e16\u8fd9\u4e00\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u6a21\u578b\u63ed\u793a\u51fa\uff0c\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\u8ba1\u5212\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e4b\u4e0b\u7684:\u751f\u7269\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5168\u7403\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u79fb\u690d\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u53ef\u4ee5\u79fb\u6c11\u5230\u504f\u8fdc\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u7eac\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u79cd\u690d\u56ed\u53ef\u4ee5\u957f\u51fa\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f5c\u7269\u3002\u6587\u7ae0\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e16\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u4e00\u9879\u73b0\u4ee3\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8ba1\u5212\u628a\u4e16\u754c\u60f3\u8c61\u6210\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7eac\u5ea6\u5e26\u548c\u7531\u7eac\u5ea6\u5e26\u5212\u5206\u6210\u7684\u6c14\u5019\u533a\uff0c\u5b83\u60f3\u8c61\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u524d\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u5730\u7403\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0a\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u751f\u7269\u7684\u5168\u7403\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u8fd9\u52a9\u957f\u4e86\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u2014\u2014\u751f\u7269\u80fd\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><span style=\"color:#0071a1\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u5173\u952e\u8bcd:<\/span><\/strong>\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e16 \u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587 \u65e9\u671f\u82f1\u6587\u4e66\u7c4d\u5728\u7ebf HathiTrust\u6570\u5b57\u56fe\u4e66\u9986 \u5e1d\u56fd\u8ba1\u5212 \u6b96\u6c11<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color\" style=\"color:#0071a1\">&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e16\u662f(\u5730\u8d28\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e0a\u7684)\u4e00\u6bb5\u5386\u53f2\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u201c\u662f\u5730\u7403\u73af\u5883\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u56e0\u7d20\u201d\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e16\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u548c\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\uff0c\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u5bf9\u4eba\u6587\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u63a2\u7a76\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u800c\u57fa\u7840\u6027\u7684\u518d\u601d\u8003<sup>[1]<\/sup>\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e16\u662f\u7531\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u83b7\u5f97\u8005\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6\u4fdd\u7f57\u00b7\u514b\u9c81\u5c91\u548c\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u5c24\u91d1\u00b7\u53f2\u6258\u83ab\u57282002\u5e74\u9996\u6b21\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u201c\u5f53\u4e0b\u201d\u63d0\u4f9b\u53c2\u8003\u501f\u9274\u7684\u4ee4\u4eba\u56f0\u60d1\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u6307\u7531\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e3b\u5bb0\u7684\u5730\u8d28\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\u4f7f\u5f97\u201c\u4eba\u7c7b\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u201d\u201c\u5728\u672a\u6765\u7684\u51e0\u767e\u4e07\u5e74\u4e2d\u90fd\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u5730\u8d28\u5730\u5c42\u4e2d\u88ab\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u201d<sup>[2]<\/sup>\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u201c\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e16\u201d\u8bde\u751f\u81ea\u79d1\u5b66\u8bdd\u8bed\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u5341\u5e74\u4e2d\u5bf9\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u672f\u4e5f\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u8fea\u4f69\u4ec0\u00b7\u67e5\u5361\u62c9\u5df4\u63d0\u4e0e\u4f2f\u5927\u5c3c\u00b7\u8bfa\u7ef4\u65af\u57fa\u90fd\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u4e3b\u4f53\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4f53\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5730\u8d28\u4e3b\u4f53(geologic agent)\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4eba\u6587\u63a2\u7a76\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u5df2\u7ecf\u968f\u7740\u8fd9\u79cd\u8ba4\u8bc6\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u53d8\u5316\u3002<sup>[3]<\/sup>\u5e03\u9c81\u8bfa\u00b7\u62c9\u56fe\u5c14\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u5bf9\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u548c\u5730\u8d28\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0a\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4e49\u8feb\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u3001\u542f\u8499\u3001\u4eba\u6027\u548c\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e3b\u4f53(human agency)\u672c\u8eab\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u65b0\u601d\u8003\u3002<sup>[4]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e16\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u4ec0\u4e48\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u201c\u5f53\u4e0b\u201d\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u79cd\u4fee\u6b63\u540e\u7684\u5f53\u4e0b\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u8fd8\u5b58\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u4e89\u8bae\u3002\u5728\u5730\u8d28\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u57fa\u51c6\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u91d1\u9053\u9489<sup>[5]<\/sup>\u2014\u2014\u201c\u5728\u5730\u5c42\u7269\u8d28\u4e2d\u2018\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u2019\u91cd\u5927\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u5168\u7403\u6027\u6807\u5fd7\u7269\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5ca9\u77f3\u3001\u6c89\u79ef\u7269\u6216\u8005\u51b0\u5ddd\u51b0\u201d\u3002<sup>[6]<\/sup>\u6700\u8fd1\u5173\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e16\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u805a\u7126\u4e8e20\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f1964\u5e74\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u90a3\u4e00\u5e74\u89c1\u8bc1\u4e86\u5927\u6c14\u4e2d\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u542b\u91cf\u7684\u5168\u7403\u6027\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7531\u6838\u6b66\u5668\u8bd5\u9a8c\u91ca\u653e\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e89\u8bba\u8fd8\u805a\u7126\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u66f4\u65e9\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u6bd4\u59821610\u5e74\uff0c\u5bf9\u51b0\u5ddd\u51b0\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e00\u5e74\u8bb0\u5f55\u5230\u5927\u6c14\u4e2d\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u542b\u91cf\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f4e\u503c\u3002\u5730\u7403\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u897f\u8499\u00b7\u5218\u6613\u65af\u548c\u9a6c\u514b\u00b7\u9a6c\u65af\u6797\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u201c\u5965\u6bd4\u65af\u5047\u8bf4\u201d(Orbis hypothesis)\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c1610\u5e74\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u4e0b\u964d\u662f\u201c\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u5230\u8fbe\u7f8e\u6d32\u201d\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u7f8e\u6d32\u571f\u8457\u4eba\u53e3\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4e86\u7ea6\u516d\u767e\u4e07\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u201c\u8015\u79cd\u51e0\u8fd1\u4e2d\u65ad\uff0c\u7528\u706b\u51cf\u5c11\u201d\u3002<sup>[7]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5\u4ed6\u4eec\u9009\u62e9\u6587\u827a\u590d\u5174\u65f6\u671f\u8fd9\u4e00\u5e74\u7684\u7406\u7531\u4e3a\u51fa\u53d1\u70b9\u2014\u2014\u6b96\u6c11\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77\u53ca\u5176\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u751f\u7269\u7684\u5168\u7403\u5927\u6d41\u52a8\u3002\u6839\u636e\u5218\u6613\u65af\u548c\u9a6c\u65af\u6797\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u6b27\u6d32\u5e1d\u56fd\u53ca\u5176\u5168\u7403\u8d38\u6613\u7f51\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u201c\u4ee5\u524d\u4e92\u76f8\u5206\u79bb\u7684\u751f\u7269\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u201d\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u6fc0\u53d1\u4e86\u201c\u5730\u8d28\u5b66\u4e0a\u53f2\u65e0\u524d\u4f8b\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u3001\u6fc0\u8fdb\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd8\u5728\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u5730\u7403\u751f\u7269\u91cd\u65b0\u7ec4\u7ec7\u201d\u3002<sup>[8]<\/sup>\u4ed6\u4eec\u628a\u5e1d\u56fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e16\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u8d77\u56e0\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u91cd\u65b0\u601d\u8003\u540e\u6b96\u6c11\u6027\u6709\u4f55\u542f\u53d1\uff0c\u8fd9\u53c8\u4f55\u4ee5\u8feb\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u91cd\u65b0\u8003\u8651\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e16\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f53\u4e0b\u4e3b\u4e49\u89c2\u5ff5(presentist notion)\u5462?\u5e1d\u56fd\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u4eba\u7c7b\u6d3b\u52a8\u5bf9\u5730\u7403\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u5417?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6863\u6848\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5730\u5740\u6863\u6848\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u6863\u6848\uff0c\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e16\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e2d\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u5173\u952e\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5730\u8d28\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u5730\u7403\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u5316\u5b66\u529b\u91cf\u5982\u4f55\u957f\u671f\u5851\u9020\u4e86\u7269\u7406\u548c\u5730\u7406\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u662f\u91cd\u5851\u5730\u7403\u7684\uff0c\u63cf\u8ff0\u8fd9\u79cd\u91cd\u5851\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u7f16\u7801\u8fdb\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u6587\u5316\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e8e\u89e3\u91ca\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u8fd8\u51c6\u5907\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002\u67e5\u5361\u62c9\u5df4\u63d0\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6863\u6848\u5df2\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u4ed3\u5e93\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u5fc5\u987b\u628a\u7531\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e4b\u624b\u5076\u7136\u4e66\u5199\u7684\u5730\u8d28\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e5f\u63a5\u7eb3\u4e3a\u5bf9\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7406\u89e3\u3002<sup>[9]<\/sup>\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e16\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e5f\u540c\u610f\u67e5\u5361\u62c9\u5df4\u63d0\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5021\u8bae\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8981\u4ece\u603b\u4f53\u4e0a\u7406\u89e3\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e16\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u6587\u5316\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u827e\u52d2\u00b7\u827e\u529b\u65af\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\u6240\u8bf4\u7684:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e16\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u5929\u5f62\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u88ab\u7edf\u4e00\u5730\u521b\u9020\u7684:\u4eba\u7c7b\u6539\u53d8\u5730\u7403\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u5f88\u6df1\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u5f02\u8d28\u7684\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u7a81\u51fa\u5730\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\u5728\u5e7f\u5927\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u6587\u5316\u548c\u6280\u672f\u53d8\u5316&#8230;&#8230;\u8981\u7406\u89e3\u201c\u4eba\u7c7b\u7cfb\u7edf\u201d(human system)\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5927\u91cf\u57fa\u4e8e\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7cfb\u5217\u8bb0\u5f55(\u5305\u62ec\u8003\u53e4\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u53e4\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u8bb0\u5f55)\u548c\u89c6\u89d2\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u53c2\u4e0e\u8fdb\u6765&#8230;&#8230;\u6ca1\u6709\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u57ce\u5e02\u5316\u3001\u6b96\u6c11\u5316\u548c\u8d38\u6613\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u4f55\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531\u4eba\u7c7b\u521b\u9020\u7684\u5730\u8d28\u65f6\u4ee3?<sup>[10]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ed6\u4eec\u547c\u5401\u4e00\u79cd\u5177\u6709\u5386\u53f2\u654f\u611f\u6027\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u8981\u201c\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7cfb\u5217\u201d\u7684\u201c\u4eba\u7c7b\u6539\u53d8\u5730\u7403\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u8bb0\u5f55\u201d\u53c2\u4e0e\u8fdb\u6765\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bb0\u5f55\u548c\u5730\u5c42\u5b66\u7684\u5ca9\u5c42\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5bf9\u7406\u89e3\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e16\u90fd\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u4f55\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5f97\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u91cd\u65b0\u601d\u8003\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6863\u6848\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f55\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5f97\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u4e66\u9762\u8bb0\u5f55?\u901a\u8fc7\u5c55\u793a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u56de\u5e94\u4e86\u827e\u52d2\u7684\u5021\u8bae\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u65b9\u6cd5\u67e5\u627e\u3001\u5206\u7c7b\u3001\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u6784\u6210\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u5927\u578b\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u3002\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u3001\u8d44\u6599\u5e93\u548c\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u9879\u76ee\u5171\u540c\u6536\u96c6\u4e86\u4e66\u9762\u8bb0\u5f55\u76841610\u5e74\u524d\u540e\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u6587\u5316\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u6863\u6848\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u70b9\u662f\u5218\u6613\u65af\u548c\u9a6c\u65af\u6797\u5728\u5965\u6bd4\u65af\u5047\u8bbe\u4e2d\u63d0\u53ca\u7684\u3002\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u3001\u8d44\u6599\u5e93\u548c\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4e66\u9762\u8bb0\u5f55\u6982\u5ff5\u5316(conceptualizing the written work)\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u53ef\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u8bc4\u4f30\u5965\u6bd4\u65af\u5047\u8bbe\u7684\u5408\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u6316\u6398\u201c\u65e9\u671f\u82f1\u6587\u4e66\u7c4d\u5728\u7ebf\u201d(Early English Books Online, EEBO)\u548cHathiTrust\u6570\u5b57\u56fe\u4e66\u9986 (HathiTrust Digital Library)\u4e2d\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6863\u6848\uff0c\u4ee5\u5bfb\u627e\u8bc1\u636e\u6765\u652f\u6301\u6216\u53cd\u9a73\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u73b0\u4ee3\u65e9\u671f\u5168\u7403\u5316\u7684\u5174\u8d77\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e16\u8fd9\u4e00\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6863\u6848\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u6863\u6848\u5927\u591a\u662f\u7528\u82f1\u8bed\u4e66\u5199\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u8981\u5728\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u4e4b\u5185\u5b8c\u6210\u5bf9\u5176\u521b\u9020\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u8fdb\u884c\u5185\u5728\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u4ece\u52b3\u4f26\u00b7\u514b\u83b1\u56e0\u5904\u6c72\u53d6\u4e86\u7075\u611f\u3002\u5979\u5199\u9053:\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u8981\u95ee\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5efa\u6a21\u2014\u2014\u4ec0\u4e48\u73b0\u8c61\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u8ffd\u6eaf\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u7684\u80cc\u540e\u53ef\u80fd\u9690\u85cf\u7740\u4ec0\u4e48?\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u773c\u775b\u770b\u4e0d\u89c1\u7684\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u6587\u672c\u6216\u8005\u8bcd\u6c47\u7c07\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u6765?\u201d<sup>[11]<\/sup>\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u4ea7\u751f\u66f4\u591a\u591a\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u6863\u6848\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u80fd\u591f\u83b7\u5f97\u6709\u5173\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u66f4\u5bf9\u4f4d\u7684(contrapuntal)\u89c6\u91ce\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6863\u6848\u7814\u7a76\u8bc4\u4ef7\u4e86\u5965\u6bd4\u65af\u5047\u8bbe\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u5173\u5168\u7403\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u540e\u6b96\u6c11\u6027\u548c\u4eba\u683c(personhood)\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u7406\u89e3\u9020\u6210\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5c55\u793a\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e16\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c2\u5ff5\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4f9d\u8d56\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u9610\u8ff0\u6e05\u695a\u540e\u6b96\u6c11\u7684\u3001\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u5965\u6bd4\u65af\u5047\u8bbe\u7684\u53cd\u53d9\u4e8b(counternarrative)\u3002\u800c\u90a3\u79cd\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u572817\u4e16\u7eaa\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7531\u5168\u7403\u5e03\u5c40\u53d8\u52a8\u548c\u4f4d\u79fb\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u65b0\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u751f\u7269\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\uff0c\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\u8ba1\u5212\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e4b\u4e0b\u7684:\u751f\u7269\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5168\u7403\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u79fb\u690d\u2014\u2014\u4eba\u7c7b\u53ef\u4ee5\u79fb\u6c11\u5230\u504f\u8fdc\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u7eac\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u79cd\u690d\u56ed\u53ef\u4ee5\u957f\u51fa\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f5c\u7269\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u662f\uff0c\u4ee5\u201cbiota\u201d(\u7531\u5730\u7406\u548c\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u751f\u7269)\u8fd9\u79cd\u751f\u7269\u6a21\u5f0f\u6765\u53d6\u4ee3\u201canima\u201d(\u7531\u4e2a\u4f53\u7075\u9b42\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u751f\u7269)\u8fd9\u79cd\u6587\u827a\u590d\u5174\u7684\u751f\u7269\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u5168\u7403\u6c14\u8c61\u5b66\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u5218\u6613\u65af\u548c\u9a6c\u65af\u6797\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u53d8\u5316\u5bf9\u79cd\u65cf\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u6709\u663e\u8457\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f71\u54cd\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6709\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5efa\u7acb\u4e8616\u4e16\u7eaa\u6b96\u6c11\u5316\u4e0e\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\u51b0\u5ddd\u5730\u5c42\u6784\u6210\u7684\u6e05\u6670\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u8003\u5bdf\u5bfc\u81f41610\u5e74\u5730\u8d28\u91d1\u9053\u9489\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u8865\u5145\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u2014\u2014\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u6c34\u5e73\u964d\u4f4e\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u627f\u8ba4\u81ea\u5df1\u5bf9\u5bfc\u81f4\u4ed6\u4eec\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u5730\u7403\u7cfb\u7edf\u201d(earth system)\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7406\u89e3\u5f97\u8fd8\u5f88\u80a4\u6d45\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4e0a\uff0c\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u8005\u5bf9\u6863\u6848\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u73b0\u4ee3\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u6863\u6848\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u5b57\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e16\u5e76\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u4e0a\u7684\u65ad\u88c2\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65ad\u88c2\u9884\u793a\u4e86\u4ee5\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u548c\u6280\u672f\u8fdb\u6b65\u4e3a\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u7684\u5f00\u7aef\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u8bf4\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e16\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u73b0\u4ee3\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8ba1\u5212\u628a\u4e16\u754c\u60f3\u8c61\u6210\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7eac\u5ea6\u5e26\u548c\u7531\u7eac\u5ea6\u5e26\u5212\u5206\u6210\u7684\u6c14\u5019\u533a;\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8ba1\u5212\u60f3\u8c61\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u524d\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u5730\u7403\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0a\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u751f\u7269\u7684\u5168\u7403\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u8fd9\u52a9\u957f\u4e86\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u2014\u2014\u751f\u7269\u80fd\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236(regime of biopower)\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u5728\u5173\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e16\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e2d\u5c1a\u672a\u5f97\u5230\u5145\u5206\u7684\u8ba4\u53ef\u3002\u4ece\u6211\u4eec\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u6863\u6848\u8bc1\u636e\u548c\u5730\u8d28\u5b66\u8bc1\u636e\u4e2d\u63a8\u65ad\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5f53\u4e0b\u6216\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u5851\u9020\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e16\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-medium-font-size\" style=\"color:#0071a1\"><strong>\u4e00\u3001\u5bf9\u8bdd\u8bed\u7f51\u7edc\u8fdb\u884c\u5efa\u6a21:\u4ece\u4fe1\u606f\u8bfb\u53d6\u5230\u798f\u67ef\u7684\u201c\u590d\u6742\u57df\u201d(\u201cComplex Field\u201d)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u8c03\u67e5\u6784\u6210\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\u4e66\u9762\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u5386\u53f2\u6863\u6848\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u548c\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e3b\u9898\u5efa\u6a21\u65b9\u6cd5\u6f5c\u5728\u72c4\u5229\u514b\u96f7\u5206\u5e03(LDA)\u548c\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u8bcd\u5411\u91cf(Word2vec)\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u8bcd\u3001\u8bcd\u7ec4\u548c\u6587\u6863\u4e2d\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bcd\u3001\u8bcd\u7ec4\u548c\u6587\u6863\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e8617\u4e16\u7eaa\u5168\u7403\u751f\u547d\u548c\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002<sup>[12]<\/sup>\u4e3a\u4e86\u4ece\u591a\u79cd\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e00\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u6280\u672f\u8fd0\u7528\u4e8e\u6765\u81eaEEBO\u548cHathiTrust\u7684\u6587\u672c\u6570\u636e\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u672f\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u8bc6\u522b\u4e0e\u73b0\u4ee3\u65e9\u671f\u548c\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u5e1d\u56fd\u65e9\u671f\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e2d\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e16\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u660e\u663e\u548c\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u4e0e\u8bed\u4e49\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e3b\u9898\u5efa\u6a21\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5176\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u5206\u6790\u6863\u6848\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u91cd\u8981\u3002LDA\u5bf9\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u6b65\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u4f1a\u8bc6\u522b\u51fa\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u5927\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u4e8e\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u8bcd\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5c31\u662f\u8bc6\u522b\u51fa\u5e38\u4e00\u8d77\u8fd0\u7528\u7684\u8bcd\u7684\u5728\u5730\u8bed\u4e49(local signification)\uff0c\u8fd9\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e\u7528\u6cd5\u800c\u975e\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u8bed\u5883\u8bcd\u5e93\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65\uff0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6784\u6210\u4e3b\u9898\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u8bcd\u7c07\u4e0e\u5b83\u4eec\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u6587\u672c\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u652f\u6491\u4e3b\u9898\u5efa\u6a21\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u5047\u8bbe\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u5448\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c31\u662f\u8bc6\u522b\u5e38\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u5b83\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u8bcd\u3002\u4e3b\u9898\u5c31\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u666e\u904d\u5316\u4e86\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u6a21\u5f0f\u201d\u3002<sup>[13]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u771f\u5730\u56de\u5e94\u4e86\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e3b\u9898\u5efa\u6a21\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c16\u9510\u6279\u8bc4\u3002\u8fd9\u5305\u62ec\u6765\u81ea\u672c\u96c5\u660e\u00b7\u65bd\u5bc6\u7279<sup>[14]<\/sup>\u548c\u7b2a\u7ae0\u96be<sup>[15]<\/sup>\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u3002\u65bd\u5bc6\u7279\u53cd\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u4e3b\u9898\u5f53\u4f5c\u662f\u4ee5\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u5b8c\u5168\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u5355\u5143\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5047\u8bbe\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u201c\u6666\u6da9\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u9610\u91ca\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u9610\u91ca\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9645\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u975e\u5e38\u6d45\u201d\u3002\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u65bd\u5bc6\u7279\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u201d\u8bcd\u800c\u975e\u4e3b\u9898\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u8005\u201c\u5fc5\u987b\u628a\u6a21\u578b\u4e0e\u5bf9\u6784\u6210\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8bcd\u7684\u7ec6\u8bfb\u6574\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u201d\u3002\u7b2a\u7ae0\u96be\u5219\u4ece\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u6279\u8bc4\u4e86\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587(\u5979\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u8ba1\u7b97\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u201d)\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u8fc7\u5206\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u628a\u5e76\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u5b9e\u9645\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u8bcd(disembodied words)\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6279\u8bc4\u5224\u65ad\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u5979\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u8ba1\u7b97\u6587\u5b66\u6279\u8bc4\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u5bf9\u7edf\u8ba1\u7ed3\u679c\u8fdb\u884c\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u7684\u8fc7\u5ea6\u5224\u65ad\u548c\u8bef\u8bfb\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u6279\u8bc4\u5e38\u5e38\u7eaf\u7cb9\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u8bcd\u9891\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u8bcd\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3001\u53e5\u6cd5\u3001\u8bed\u5883\u548c\u8bed\u4e49\u201d\u3002<sup>[16]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e3b\u9898\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8fc7\u5ea6\u8fd0\u7528\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6e90\u81ea\u201c\u4e0e\u53d1\u660e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u5b66\u8005\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u7528\u4e3b\u9898\u5efa\u6a21\u53bb\u505a\u4e00\u4e9b\u7a0d\u7a0d\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u201d\u3002<sup>[17]<\/sup>\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\uff0c\u65bd\u5bc6\u7279\u6ce8\u610f\u5230LDA\u7684\u53d1\u660e\u8005\u5927\u536b\u00b7\u5e03\u96f7\u7684\u56e2\u961f\u201c\u5e38\u628aLDA\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u4fe1\u606f\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u8fdb\u6b65\u3002\u5e03\u96f7\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7ed9\u6587\u6863\u8d4b\u4e88\u6709\u7528\u7684\u6807\u7b7e\uff0cLDA\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u6587\u672c\u53d8\u5f97\u53ef\u6d4f\u89c8\u201d\u3002\u66f4\u8fd1\u4e00\u4e9b\uff0c\u4e54\u4e39\u00b7\u535a\u4f0a\u5fb7-\u683c\u83b1\u535a\u7684\u56e2\u961f\u5728\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u60c5\u62a5\u5b66\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b\u5c06\u4e3b\u9898\u5efa\u6a21\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u201c\u4e00\u79cd\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u65b9\u6cd5\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u201c\u67e5\u8be2\u8bcd\u548c\u6587\u6863\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8bed\u4e49\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u3002<sup>[18]<\/sup>\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u56e2\u961f\u90fd\u628a\u4e3b\u9898\u5efa\u6a21\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u6587\u6863\u7d22\u5f15\u673a\u5236\u548c\u6280\u672f\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u4ece\u4e3b\u9898\u7684\u8bcd\u8bed\u4e4b\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u6536\u96c6\u65b0\u6d1e\u89c1\u7684\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u63a5\u53d7\u4fe1\u606f\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u63d0\u793a\uff0c\u91cd\u8fd4\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u4ee5\u56fe\u6446\u8131\u5bf9\u4ea7\u751f\u4e8e\u4e3b\u9898\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u65e0\u5b9e\u9645\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u8bcd\u8bed\u5217\u8868\u7684\u8fc7\u5206\u4f9d\u8d56\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u501f\u9274\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u60c5\u62a5\u5b66\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u628a\u8fd9\u9879\u6280\u672f\u5f53\u505a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fe1\u606f\u6587\u6863\u63d0\u53d6\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5355\u5355\u805a\u7126\u4e8e\u5bf9\u8bcd\u7684\u8fdc\u8bfb\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u539f\u672c\u7684\u6587\u672c\u8bed\u5883\u4e2d\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4f4d\u4e3b\u9898\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u7684\u8bcd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6863\u6848\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba(archival methodology)\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u8bcd\u3001\u53e5\u548c\u6bb5\u843d\u7684\u5c42\u9762\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u8bc6\u522b\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8003\u8651\u5230\u4e86\u4e3b\u9898\u6a21\u578b\u5305\u62ec\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\u8fd9\u4e00\u76f8\u5bf9\u88ab\u5ffd\u89c6\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002LDA\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u8e2a\u6784\u6210\u4e3b\u9898\u7684\u8bcd\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u8e2a\u4e3b\u9898\u51fa\u73b0\u4e8e\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u6863\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5728\u4eba\u6587\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4f7f\u7528LDA\u7684\u8fdc\u8bfb\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u5229\u7528\u524d\u8005\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4fe1\u606f\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5df2\u7ecf\u805a\u7126\u4e8e\u540e\u8005<sup>[19]<\/sup>\u3002\u672c\u6587\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u4e3b\u9898\u4e2d\u8bc6\u522b\u51fa\u7684\u8bcd(LDA\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65)\u4e0e\u5176\u6e90\u6587\u6863\u8fdb\u884c\u8bed\u5883\u91cd\u6784(LDA\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65)\uff0c\u6765\u8bc6\u522b\u5386\u53f2\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u672c\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u5bf9\u8bcd\u2014\u4e3b\u9898\u8bfb\u53d6\u548c\u6587\u6863\u2014\u4e3b\u9898\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u6355\u83b7\u4e3b\u9898\u4e2d\u7684\u8bcd\u7684\u672c\u5730\u8bed\u5883\uff0c\u5e76\u7167\u987e\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bcd\u5728\u66f4\u9ad8\u9636\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u7684\u8bed\u5883\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u7f16\u7801\u53e5\u6cd5\u3001\u8bed\u6cd5\u548c\u672c\u5730\u8bed\u5883\u4e2d\u8bed\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u7ec6\u5fae\u5dee\u522b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6700\u7ec8\u8bc1\u660e\u662f\u751f\u6210\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u8bc6\u522b\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u3001\u5177\u6709\u6f5c\u5728\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u3001\u65b0\u7684\u5f15\u6587\u548c\u6587\u672c\u7247\u6bb5(extracts)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fd8\u4f7f\u8bfb\u8005\u80fd\u591f\u901a\u8fc7\u9605\u8bfb\u7b97\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u8bcd\u7684\u5f15\u6587\u6765\u6838\u67e5\u4e3b\u9898\u7684\u8fde\u8d2f\u6027\u3002\u5bf9\u673a\u5668\u8fd0\u7b97\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u8fdb\u884c\u4eba\u5de5\u6838\u5bf9\u662f\u4fe1\u606f\u79d1\u5b66\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5:\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u79cd\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u5730\u9762\u5b9e\u51b5(ground truth)\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u63aa\u65bd\u6765\u6392\u9664\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u5047\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u5730\u9762\u5b9e\u51b5\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8ba4\u77e5\u5206\u7c7b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u7406\u4e0a\u7684\u6bd4\u55bb\u3002\u56f4\u7ed5\u5730\u7403\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u536b\u661f\u53d1\u6765\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c55\u793a\u5730\u8868\u7684\u67d0\u79cd\u56fe\u6837\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fe\u50cf\u5fc5\u987b\u7531\u5730\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u4eba\u8fdb\u884c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u4ee5\u524d\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u536b\u661f\u56fe\u50cf\u7684\u8fdc\u8ddd\u79bb\u89c6\u89d2\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e3b\u9898\u5efa\u6a21\u4e5f\u6709\u529b\u91cf\u5efa\u7acb\u5730\u9762\u5b9e\u51b5\u3002\u628a\u6587\u672c\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u90e8\u5206\u4f20\u9012\u8fc7\u6765\uff0c\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u672c\u5730\u8bed\u5883\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u5173\u5fc3\u7528\u4e3b\u9898\u5efa\u6a21\u5bf9\u57fa\u4e8e\u91cd\u590d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6587\u672c\u6458\u5f55\u8fdb\u884c\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u63d0\u53d6(\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4e3b\u9898\u5efa\u6a21\u5f88\u64c5\u957f)\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u628a\u4e3b\u9898\u5efa\u6a21\u7528\u4f5c\u7ed3\u6784\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u9884\u6d4b\u7b97\u6cd5(\u8fd9\u4e00\u89d2\u8272\u5b83\u505a\u5f97\u5e76\u4e0d\u592a\u597d)\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u662f\u628a\u5206\u6790\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u653e\u5728\u4e3b\u9898\u4e2d\u7684\u8bcd\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u628a\u5b83\u653e\u5728\u7528\u76f8\u4f3c\u8bed\u8a00\u4f7f\u7528\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6587\u672c\u7f51\u7edc\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u672c\u7f51\u7edc\u662f\u7531LDA\u8bc6\u522b\u51fa\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u628a\u8fd9\u4e00\u76ee\u6807\u6295\u5165\u5230\u4e86\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u501f\u9274\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u548c\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u60c5\u62a5\u5b66\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0a\u628a\u4e3b\u9898\u5efa\u6a21\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8bdd\u8bed\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u5373\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u7ec4\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u8bcd\u91cd\u590d\u51fa\u73b0\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e3b\u9898\u5efa\u6a21\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bdd\u8bed\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u8fd0\u7528:\u6211\u4eec\u6784\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u805a\u5408\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u6a21\u578b\u2014\u2014\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u91c7\u53d6\u90a3\u79cd\u6076\u6027\u7684(maligned)\u8bcd\u6c47\u5305\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>LDA\u751f\u6210\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u7f51\u7edc\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u56fe1\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u5f0f\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u7c07(\u6807\u7b7ea\u548cb)\uff0c\u5b83\u5177\u6709\u6587\u6863\u68c0\u7d22\u754c\u9762(\u6807\u7b7ec\u548cd)\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u754c\u9762\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411\u7528\u6237\u5c55\u793a\u5bf9\u8be5\u8bdd\u9898\u6709\u8d21\u732e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6bb5\u843d\u548c\u6587\u672c\u3002\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u805a\u7126\u4e8e\u8f83\u5c0f\u8303\u56f4\u4e0a\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u68c0\u7d22\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u5355\u4e2a\u5f15\u6587(\u8fd9\u662f\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u79d1\u4e2d\u5e38\u505a\u7684)\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u805a\u7126\u4e8e\u5927\u8303\u56f4\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u7f51\u7edc\u548c\u6587\u672c\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528LDA\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5927\u591a\u6570\u8fdc\u8bfb\u90fd\u805a\u7126\u4e8e\u4e3b\u9898\u4e2d\u7684\u8bcd\u8bed\u3002\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u628a\u8bcd\u8bed\u4e0e\u6587\u6863\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\u7ed3\u5408\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u89c6\u754c\u9762\u4e2d\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u7f51\u7edc\u62e5\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u628a\u8fd9\u79cd\u6563\u4e71\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u573a\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u7a7a\u95f4\u5b89\u6392\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7a7a\u95f4\u5b89\u6392\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5728\u6784\u6210\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u8bcd\u8bed\u548c\u8bcd\u7ec4\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u548c\u6392\u5217\u7684\u3002\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\u8bed\u6216\u8bcd\u7ec4\u7c07\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6587\u672c\u8bed\u5883\u4e2d\u91cd\u5efa\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u6765\u770b\u770b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bcd\u8bed\u5728\u5305\u542b\u8fd9\u4e00\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6bb5\u843d\u4e2d\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u601d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u9896\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u589e\u52a0\u8bdd\u9898\u7684\u8fde\u8d2f\u6027\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u6b64\u5c55\u793a\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u9898\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u81f3\u5c11\u8fd0\u884c\u4e8620\u6b21\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u4f7f\u5f97\u6784\u6210\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u8bcd\u8bed\u6a21\u5f0f\u8bdd\u8bed\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\uff0c\u90fd\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u4e86\u591a\u6b21\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u6700\u7a33\u5b9a\u548c\u6301\u7eed\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7d2f\u79ef\u7684(aggregated)\u4e3b\u9898\u6a21\u578b\u628a\u5355\u4e2a\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u805a\u96c6\u6210\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u66f4\u5927\u7f51\u7edc\u5219\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u770b\u5230\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5e76\u51cf\u5c11\u610f\u4e49\u4e0d\u5927\u6216\u8005\u8fde\u8d2f\u6027\u4e0d\u5f3a\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u7c07(clusters)\u3002\u8bdd\u8bed\u7f51\u7edc\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u628a\u8bcd\u8bed\u7c07\u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5206\u7ec4\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u4e86EEBO\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u51dd\u805a\u5728\u6240\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u4e92\u4e0d\u76f8\u8054\u7684\u8bed\u4e49\u7fa4\u7ec4\u5468\u56f4\u7684\u6587\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u6253\u5f00EEBO\u548cHathiTrust\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u8bc6\u522b\u5f88\u591a\u6587\u672c\u90fd\u6709\u7684\u4f4e\u7ea7\u6a21\u5f0f(\u6bd4\u5982\u8bcd\u3001\u53e5\u6216\u8005\u6bb5\u843d)\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f00\u59cb\u6784\u5efa\u8bdd\u8bed\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u672c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u8bed\u8a00\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u63aa\u8bcd\u3001\u53e5\u6cd5\u3001\u642d\u914d\u548c\u540c\u73b0(co-occurence)\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u672c\u6587\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u80fd\u7531\u6027\u522b\u3001\u4f5c\u8005\u3001\u51fa\u7248\u8005\u6216\u8005\u4e3b\u9898\u8fde\u63a5\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u5f88\u591a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e2d\u7684\u6c14\u5019\u8bdd\u8bed\u5c31\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u8bcd\u7c07\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u4e86\u63d0\u5230\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8bcd\u7684\u6587\u672c\u4e2d:\u5730\u7403(globe)\u3001\u7eac\u5ea6(latitude)\u3001\u4e24\u6781(poles)\u548c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5730\u70b9\u540d\u8bcd\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u4e2d\u56fd\u3001\u5370\u5ea6\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\u3001\u5f17\u5409\u5c3c\u4e9a\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u5f0f\u8bc6\u522b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u7279\u522b\u7684\u7406\u7531\u5c06\u6570\u5b66\u3001\u7ed8\u56fe\u3001\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u80a5\u6599\u548c\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u838e\u58eb\u6bd4\u4e9a\u7684\u300a\u66b4\u98ce\u96e8\u300b<sup>[20]<\/sup>\u6216\u8005\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u5f25\u5c14\u987f\u7684\u300a\u5931\u4e50\u56ed\u300b\u5e76\u7f6e\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u8fdb\u884c\u9605\u8bfb\u9610\u91ca\u3002<sup>[21]<\/sup>\u8bc6\u522b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f4e\u7ea7\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bdd\u8bed\u7f51\u7edc\u662f\u7531\u4ea4\u53c9\u7684\u8bcd\u548c\u8bcd\u7ec4\u6309\u7167\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u5b9e\u9645\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6784\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u5148\u9a8c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5206\u7c7b\u6216\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u7ed9EEBO\u548cHathiTrust\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u7684\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u8d4b\u4e88\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c11\u7528\u300a\u725b\u6d25\u82f1\u8bed\u8bcd\u5178\u300b(<em>Oxford English Dictionary<\/em>)\u300a\u56fd\u5bb6\u4f20\u8bb0\u8bcd\u5178\u300b(<em>Dictionary of National Biography<\/em>)\u8fd9\u6837\u6309\u6587\u4f53\u3001\u65f6\u4ee3\u6216\u8005\u7ebf\u6027\u5386\u53f2\u65f6\u95f4\u7ebf\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u67e5\u770b\u73b0\u4ee3\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u6587\u672c\u8bdd\u8bed\u548c\u8bed\u4e49\u8bdd\u8bed\u3002\u968f\u4e4b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u6790\u4e00\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5e76\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\u65f6\u671f\u6784\u60f3\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531\u8bcd\u5bc6\u96c6\u4ea4\u9519\u8054\u7cfb\u800c\u6210\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bcd\u662f\u6309\u5b83\u4eec\u591a\u6837\u7684\u8bed\u4e49\u4f7f\u7528(\u5e76\u975e\u6309\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u8bcd\u5178\u4e0a\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49)\u548c\u5305\u542b\u53ca\u4f20\u64ad\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6587\u672c\u6392\u5217\u5206\u7ec4\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6587\u672c\u95f4\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bdd\u8bed\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ee5\u524d\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5e38\u88ab\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f88\u5c11\u6709\u8fd9\u4e00\u7c7b\u7684\u5148\u4f8b\u6216\u8005\u5ba1\u7f8e\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u6765\u9605\u8bfb\u8fd9\u4e9b\u770b\u4f3c\u6ca1\u6709\u5173\u8054\u7684\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u6570\u5b57\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u6f5c\u529b\u5c31\u5728\u4e8e\u5176\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u5c06\u5bf9\u7cbe\u5fae\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u5f0f\u8bc6\u522b\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fd0\u7528\u4e8e\u8bcd\u3001\u53e5\u6cd5\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f62\u5f0f\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u9996\u8bd7\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bb5\u843d\u6216\u8005\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\u8fd9\u6837\u6bd4\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5206\u6790\u6a21\u5f0f\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u5f88\u719f\u6089\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6587\u672c\u7ec6\u8bfb\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u7f51\u7edc\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u56de\u5e94\u4e86\u5b8b\u60e0\u6148(Wai Chee Dimock)\u7684\u95ee\u9898:\u201c\u5982\u679c\u6587\u5b66\u53f2\u7684\u9886\u5730\u4e0d\u662f\u88ab\u5206\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\u65f6\u671f\u3001\u4e0d\u662f\u88ab\u5206\u6210\u4e86\u56fd\u522b\u6587\u5b66\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u90a3\u6587\u5b66\u53f2\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u5b50?\u201d<sup>[22]<\/sup>\u5979\u8bba\u8bc1\u9053:\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u53bb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5316\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u5fb7\u52d2\u5179\u548c\u4f3d\u5854\u5229\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u2018\u6839\u72b6\u830e\u2019(rhizome)\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u201d\uff0c\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\u201c\u6587\u4f53\u5e76\u975e\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5206\u7c7b\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u800c\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u5173\u952e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5173\u8054\u7406\u8bba\u201d\u3002<sup>[23]<\/sup>\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u6587\u4f53\u548c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u8bed\u8a00\u4f7f\u7528\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u5bfb\u627e\u5173\u8054\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"603\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Tu_1-1024x603.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9219\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Tu_1-1024x603.png 1024w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Tu_1-300x177.png 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Tu_1-768x452.png 768w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Tu_1-1536x905.png 1536w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Tu_1-2048x1206.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>\u56fe1 \u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u7f51\u7edc<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(a)\u4e3b\u9898\u7f51\u7edc\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e3b\u9898\u7c07\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u3002(b)\u4e3b\u9898\u7c07\u5217\u8868\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5728\u591a\u79cd\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u6700\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u3001\u91cd\u590d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u4ee5\u53ca\u6784\u6210\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e3b\u9898\u7684\u8bcd\u3002(c)\u6587\u672c\u68c0\u7d22\u5217\u8868\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5bf9\u6240\u9009\u4e3b\u9898\u7c07\u6709\u8d21\u732e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u672c\u3002(d)\u5143\u6570\u636e\u533a\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u6240\u9009\u6587\u672c\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8bdd\u8bed\u7f51\u7edc\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5229\u7528\u4e86\u7c73\u6b47\u5c14\u00b7\u798f\u67ef\u7684\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u201c\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u590d\u6742\u57df\u201d\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u8282\u70b9\u201d\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u8bcd\u548c\u8bcd\u7ec4\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<sup>[24]<\/sup>\u901a\u8fc7\u8bc6\u522b\u8bed\u8a00\u8d8b\u52bf\u5e76\u5141\u8bb8\u8bfb\u8005\u5c06\u6709\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u4f7f\u7528\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6587\u672c\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u7f51\u7edc\u65b9\u6cd5\u628a\u5386\u53f2\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u653e\u5927\u4e3a\u6863\u6848\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6587\u672c\u7f51\u7edc\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u7684\u3001\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u798f\u67ef\u5f0f\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u5206\u6790\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u65b0\u5386\u53f2\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7f51\u7edc\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u662f\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u7684\u3001\u53ef\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u800c\u975e\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u5728\u610f\u5916\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u8f76\u95fb\u5f0f\u7684\u5f15\u6587\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7528\u5f97\u4e0d\u597d\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u4f1a\u50cf\u8fd0\u884c\u4e0d\u4f73\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u4e39\u5c3c\u5c14\u00b7\u8096\u5c14\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6570\u5b57\u5de5\u5177\u7528\u5f97\u597d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u50cf\u5176\u5728\u5927\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u573a\u4e2d\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8ffd\u8e2a\u8bcd\u548c\u6587\u672c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u548c\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6311\u6218\u548c\u4e30\u5bcc\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7ec6\u8bfb\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u5728\u6863\u6848\u5806\u4e2d\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<sup>[25]<\/sup>\u5728\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u65e8\u5728\u4ee5\u5fae\u5c0f\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u5c55\u793a\u51fa\u6570\u5b57\u5b66\u672f\u7684\u672a\u6765\u5982\u4f55\u4e0e\u4eba\u6587\u4e2d\u6863\u6848\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u4e0a\u4e0e\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u7ad9\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u63ed\u793a\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u5316\u65f6\u4ee3\u53ca\u5176\u6587\u672c\u5e76\u975e\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u5177\u6709\u5386\u53f2\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u6587\u5316\u6863\u6848\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6d4b\u91cf\u5730\u8d28\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u4ece\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e16\u7814\u7a76\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u5728\u601d\u60f3\u53f2\u4e0a\u7ed9\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u7cbe\u51c6\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7684\u503e\u5411\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u6316\u6398\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u5316\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u6765\u8ffd\u8e2a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5168\u7403\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u5730\u8d28\u53d8\u5316\u9996\u56e0\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-medium-font-size\" style=\"color:#0071a1\"><strong>\u4e8c\u3001\u91cd\u8bbf\u54e5\u4f26\u5e03\u5927\u4ea4\u6362(The Columbian Exchange)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5965\u6bd4\u65af\u5047\u8bbe\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u54e5\u4f26\u5e03\u5927\u4ea4\u6362\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u662f\u963f\u5c14\u5f17\u96f7\u5fb7\u00b7\u514b\u6d1b\u65af\u6bd4(Alfred W. Crosby)\u4e8e1972\u5e74\u9996\u521b\u7684\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u63cf\u8ff0\u54e5\u4f26\u5e031492\u5e74\u7684\u822a\u884c\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u63a8\u52a8\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u6709\u673a\u7269\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fd0\u52a8\u5851\u9020\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u5730\u7403\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3002\u514b\u6d1b\u65af\u6bd4\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u65b0\u65e7\u4e16\u754c(\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u4e1c\u897f\u534a\u7403)\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4ea4\u6362\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0<sup>[26]<\/sup>\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u5f88\u5c11\u6709\u4eba\u8d28\u7591\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u534a\u7403\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u5f15\u5bfc\u514b\u6d1b\u65af\u6bd4\u548c\u5305\u62ec\u5218\u6613\u65af\u548c\u9a6c\u65af\u6797\u5728\u5185\u7684\u65e0\u6570\u540e\u4e8e\u4ed6\u7684\u5b66\u8005\uff0c\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e8c\u5143\u5bf9\u7acb\u7684\u773c\u5149\u770b\u5f85\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u65e7\u4e0e\u65b0\u3001\u4e1c\u4e0e\u897f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca(\u9690\u542b\u7684)\u81ea\u6211\u4e0e\u4ed6\u8005\u3002\u8fd9\u7ef4\u6301\u4e86\u6b27\u6d32\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u53f2\u89c2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u4ece\u5965\u6bd4\u65af\u5047\u8bbe\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u8bb0\u5f55\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u5b57\u5efa\u6a21\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7814\u7a76\u73b0\u4ee3\u65e9\u671f\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5168\u7403\u4e3b\u4e49(globalism)\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u8fd9\u79cd\u6839\u6df1\u8482\u56fa\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u590d\u6742\u5316\u4e86\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8d77\u521d\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u6765\u81eaEEBO\u768460,331\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\u6765\u5206\u6790\u73b0\u4ee3\u65e9\u671f\u6709\u5173\u5730\u7403(globe)\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8bc9\u8bf8\u4e8e\u963f\u8036\u838e\u00b7\u62c9\u739b\u94b1\u5fb7\u5170\u5173\u4e8e\u6587\u827a\u590d\u5174<sup>[27]<\/sup>\u5982\u4f55\u5851\u9020\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u3002<sup>[28]<\/sup>\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u521d\u6b65\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u80fd\u53cd\u6620\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6863\u6848\u4e2d\u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u5305\u542b\u5730\u7403(globe\u3001terra)\u3001\u4e16\u754c(world\u3001mundi)\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bcd\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bb5\u843d\u90fd\u8fd0\u884c\u4e86\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u5f88\u60ca\u4eba:\u8ddf\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8bcd\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u7eac\u5ea6(latitude)\u3001\u7ecf\u5ea6(longitude)\u3001\u6781(pole)\u3001\u6c14\u5019(climate)\u3001\u5708(circle)\u548c\u5ea6(degree)\u53cd\u590d\u5730\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u4e3b\u9898\u4e2d(\u89c1\u56fe2)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"920\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Tu_2-1024x920.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9220\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Tu_2-1024x920.png 1024w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Tu_2-300x270.png 300w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Tu_2-768x690.png 768w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Tu_2-1536x1381.png 1536w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Tu_2.png 1562w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>\u56fe2 \u4e0e\u201c\u5730\u7403\u201d(globe)\u4e00\u8bcd\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u8bdd\u8bed\u7f51\u7edc<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u521d\u6b65\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u4ee5\u4ee4\u4eba\u4e0d\u5b89\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u51fa\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u65e9\u671f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5730\u7403\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u5f62\u5f0f\u662f\u7531\u7eac\u5ea6\u7684\u5e73\u9762\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8d77\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u534a\u7403\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u662f\u5927\u9646\u3002\u7c97\u770b\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bba\u65ad\u4f3c\u4e4e\u53ea\u662f\u5730\u7406\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u6b21\u8981\u7684\u6280\u672f\u7ec6\u8282\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u900f\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u521d\u59cb\u7684\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\u8ffd\u8e2a\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u4ee5\u73b0\u4ee3\u65e9\u671f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u773c\u5149\u800c\u975e\u4ee5\u514b\u6d1b\u65af\u6bd4\u7684\u534a\u7403\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6863\u6848\uff0c\u5c31\u53d1\u73b0\u54e5\u4f26\u5e03\u4ea4\u6362\u5f00\u59cb\u663e\u5f97\u76f8\u5f53\u4e0d\u540c\u4e86\u3002\u514b\u6d1b\u65af\u6bd4\u7684\u8bba\u70b9\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u52a8\u7269\u3001\u690d\u7269\u548c\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u6cbf\u7740\u4e1c\u897f\u5411\u8f74(east-west 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class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"962\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Tu_3-962x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9221\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Tu_3-962x1024.png 962w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Tu_3-282x300.png 282w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Tu_3-768x818.png 768w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Tu_3.png 1236w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 962px) 100vw, 962px\" \/><figcaption>\u56fe3 \u4e0e\u201c\u6c14\u5019\u201d(climate)\u4e00\u8bcd\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u8bdd\u8bed\u7f51\u7edc<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u6c14\u5019\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6587\u672c\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u662f\u6d3b\u529b\u8bba(vitalist)\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\uff0c\u5e76\u628a\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u5404\u5f02\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u8054\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u6784\u6210\u4e00\u79cd\u51dd\u805a\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u751f\u547d\u56fe\u666f\u3002\u201c\u6811(tree)\u3001\u679c\u5b9e(fruit)\u3001\u690d\u7269(plant)\u201d\u201c\u6728(wood)\u3001\u7070(ash)\u3001\u5f17\u5409\u5c3c\u4e9a(virginia)\u3001\u9152(wine)\u3001\u81ea\u7136\/\u6027\u8d28(nature)\u3001\u9a6c(horse)\u3001\u8840(blood)\u3001\u690d\u7269(plant)\u3001\u82b1\u513f(flower)\u3001\u75be\u75c5(disease)\u3001\u6cbb\u6108(cure)\u201d\u201c\u51b7(cold)\u3001\u70ed(heat)\u3001\u7a7a\u6c14(air)\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e3b\u9898\u7c07\u4f4d\u4e8e\u6c14\u5019\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u5728\u5bf9\u201c\u6811\u3001\u679c\u5b9e\u3001\u690d\u7269\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e3b\u9898\u7c07\u6709\u8d21\u732e\u7684\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u6258\u9a6c\u65af\u00b7\u6885\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u7ef4\u5409\u5c14\u7684\u300a\u519c\u4e8b\u8bd7\u300b\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u6258\u9a6c\u65af\u00b7\u54c8\u91cc\u5965\u7279\u7684\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u65b0\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u5f17\u5409\u5c3c\u4e9a\u7684\u7b80\u660e\u5b9e\u51b5\u62a5\u544a\u300b\u3002<sup>[34]<\/sup>\u540e\u8005\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u5f17\u5409\u5c3c\u4e9a\u7684\u201c\u6c14\u5019\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u201d\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5176\u201c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u65e5\u672c\u5c9b\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u3001\u6ce2\u65af\u3001Jury\u7684\u9646\u5730\u3001\u585e\u6d66\u8def\u65af\u548cCandy\u5c9b\uff0c\u5e0c\u814a\u3001\u610f\u5927\u5229\u3001\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u548c\u5f88\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u6709\u540d\u7684\u3001\u8457\u540d\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5357\u90e8\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bf9\u4f4d\u4e8e\u540c\u4e00\u7eac\u5ea6\u5e26\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u6c14\u5019\u7684\u5168\u7403\u6027\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u54c8\u5229\u5965\u7279\u63d0\u51fa\u201c\u6240\u6709\u5b63\u8282\u90fd\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u6c14\u6e29\u201d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u201c\u51fa\u4ea7\u591a\u79cd\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u5546\u54c1\u201d\u3002<sup>[35]<\/sup>\u4e9a\u6d32\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u62a2\u5360\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u82f1\u56fd\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u60f3\u8c61\u30021650\u5e74\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u00b7\u5a01\u5ec9\u59c6\u65af(Edward Williams)\u56de\u5e94\u4e86\u54c8\u5229\u5965\u7279\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u201c\u7eac\u5ea6\u76f8\u540c\u201d\u8868\u793a\u201c\u6c14\u5019\u3001\u571f\u58e4\u3001\u80a5\u529b\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u4e5f\u90fd\u603b\u4f53\u4e00\u81f4\u201d\u3002<sup>[36]<\/sup>\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u6587\u672c\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u5947\u602a\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u518d\u6b21\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u57fa\u4e8e\u534a\u7403(\u4e1c\u4e0e\u897f\uff0c\u5317\u4e0e\u5357)\u548c\u5927\u6d32\u5212\u5206\u89c2\u5ff5\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u5730\u7403\u5730\u7406\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6863\u6848\u4e2d\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4ee5\u540c\u6837\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u73b0\u4ee3\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u5173\u4e8e\u5730\u7403\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u8bbe\u60f3\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5168\u7403\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u95ee\uff0c\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u5177\u4f53\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u3001\u800c\u975e\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u5728\u5bf9\u6574\u4e2a\u5730\u7403\u7a7a\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\uff0c\u63cf\u8ff0\u751f\u7269\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47\u7c07\u662f\u5426\u663e\u8457\u3002\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u8bb6\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u5168\u7403\u7a7a\u95f4\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u805a\u7126\u4e8e\u5177\u4f53\u5730\u540d\u7684\u5c0f\u7a7a\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7c07\u4f9d\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u6d89\u53ca\u4e2d\u56fd\u3001\u5370\u5ea6\u3001\u5f17\u5409\u5c3c\u4e9a\u3001\u7f8e\u6d32\u548c\u975e\u6d32\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6b27\u6d32\u4e0e\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u5730\u533a\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u6700\u5e38\u88ab\u63d0\u53ca\u7684\u5730\u540d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6bb5\u843d\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6bb5\u843d\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u7f51\u7edc\u4e5f\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u7c07\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7eb5\u89c2\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5177\u4f53\u5730\u540d\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5bf9\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u751f\u7269\u5168\u7403\u60f3\u8c61\u8bdd\u8bed\u6709\u8d21\u732e\u7684\u6587\u672c\u662f\u7531\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u65e9\u671f\u88ab\u5e7f\u4e3a\u5ba3\u4f20\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u4f5c\u54c1\u3001\u6e38\u8bb0\u3001\u822a\u6d77\u7684\u6280\u672f\u6027\u6587\u672c\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5947\u7279\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u3002\u6784\u6210\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6d3b\u529b\u8bba\u4e3b\u9898\u7c07\u7684\u6587\u672c\u672c\u8eab\u5177\u6709\u663e\u8457\u7684\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u7c07\u90fd\u662f\u4ece\u5927\u81f4\u540c\u79cd\u7c7b\u7684\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u62bd\u53d6\u51fa\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5c31\u662f\u4ece\u5355\u4e00\u6587\u4f53\u7684\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u62bd\u53d6\u7684\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u6709\u201c\u56fd\u5bb6(country)\u3001\u5730\u65b9(place)\u3001\u90e8\u5206(part)\u3001\u4eba(people)\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7c07\u7684\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u90fd\u662f\u6e38\u8bb0;\u6709\u201c\u751f\u547d\/\u751f\u6d3b(life)\u3001\u7231(love)\u3001\u6b32\u671b(desire)\u3001\u7406\u6027(reason)\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7c07\u7684\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u90fd\u662f\u559c\u5267\u548c\u4f20\u5947;\u201c\u795e(god)\u3001\u57fa\u7763(christ)\u3001\u4e3b(lord)\u3001\u4e16\u754c(world)\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7c07\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u6765\u81ea\u5e03\u9053;\u201c\u65e5(day)\u3001\u5e73\u884c(parallel)\u3001\u5ea6(degree)\u3001\u6781(pole)\u3001\u7eac\u5ea6(latitude)\u201d\u5219\u5168\u90e8\u7531\u5236\u56fe\u548c\u6570\u5b66\u6587\u672c\u6784\u6210\u3002\u800c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u57fa\u4e8e\u6c14\u5019\u548c\u7eac\u5ea6\u751f\u7269\u751f\u5b58\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u6d3b\u529b\u8bba\u4e3b\u9898\u7c07\uff0c\u5219\u662f\u975e\u5178\u578b\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e3b\u9898\u7c07\u4e2d\u6587\u5b66\u6027\u7684\u3001\u6280\u672f\u6027\u7684\u3001\u8d38\u6613\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u3001\u4e0e\u5b97\u6559\u4eea\u5f0f\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u3001\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u672c\u6587\u90fd\u6709\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u672c\u4ee3\u8868\u7740\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u7ebf\u6761\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ebf\u6761\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u4e2d\u76f8\u4e92\u4ea4\u7ec7\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f53\u4e0b\u7684\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u8bf4\u5219\u5f88\u5c11\u76f8\u4e92\u6df7\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8d2f\u7a7f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u672c\u7684\u4e00\u6761\u5171\u540c\u7684\u4e3b\u7ebf\u662f:\u5f53\u82f1\u56fd\u5f00\u59cb\u8981\u63cf\u7ed8\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u7fa4\u5c9b\u3001\u6b27\u6d32\u548c\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f5c\u8005\u4eec\u90fd\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u57fa\u7840\u6027\u7684\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u5728\u5168\u7403\u7684\u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Marvell)\u3001\u8fc8\u514b\u5c14\u00b7\u5fb7\u96f7\u987f(Michael Drayton)\u3001\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u5fb7\u83b1\u987f(John Dryden)\u3001\u6c83\u5c14\u7279\u00b7\u96f7\u5229(Walter Ralegh)\u3001\u6258\u9a6c\u65af\u00b7\u5e03\u6717(Thomas Browne)\u3001\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u8fbe\u6587\u5357\u7279(William Davenant)\u3001\u535a\u8499\u548c\u5f17\u83b1\u5f7b(Beaumont and Fletcher)\u3001\u83f2\u5229\u666e\u00b7\u9a6c\u8f9b\u6770(Philip Massinger)\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u62c9\u4f2f\u96f7(Rabelais)\u548c\u8499\u7530(Montaigne)\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u8bd1\u672c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u5728\u8bcd\u8bed\u548c\u6587\u672c\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u53c2\u4e0e\u5230\u4e86\u4e3b\u9898\u7c07\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u5b66\u4f5c\u54c1\u5728\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u6587\u672c\u4e0a\u4e0e\u6c14\u5019\u548c\u5730\u7403\u7a7a\u95f4\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u4eb2\u548c\u4e4b\u5904\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f52\u4e8e\u4e00\u79cd\u73b0\u4ee3\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u6c14\u5019\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4f53\u6db2\u4e0e\u6027\u683c\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5bf9\u8eab\u4f53\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u5411\u5916\u6ce2\u53ca\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u6587\u5316\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u559c\u5267\u3001\u8bd7\u6b4c\u548c\u54f2\u5b66\u3002\u4f5c\u5bb6\u7ecf\u5e38\u63d0\u53ca\u5730\u7403\u7a7a\u95f4\u5bf9\u6587\u5b66\u521b\u4f5c\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6885\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u7ef4\u5409\u5c14\u7684\u300a\u519c\u4e8b\u8bd7\u300b\u4e2d\u5c31\u58f0\u79f0\u201c\u6bcf\u68f5\u6811\u201d\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u201c\u9002\u5408\u5b83\u7684\u6c14\u5019\u3001\u751f\u957f\u548c\u6027\u8d28\u201d\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u8bd7\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5b83\u9700\u8981\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u6765\u57f9\u517b\u8fd9\u79cd\u521b\u4f5c\u3002<sup>[37]<\/sup>17\u4e16\u7eaa\u7a0d\u665a\uff0c\u6258\u9a6c\u65af\u00b7\u83b1\u9ed8\u4e5f\u540c\u610f\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u201c\u620f\u5267\u8bd7\u201d(dramatick poetry)\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8fdd\u53cd\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u6c14\u5019\uff0c\u201c\u5c31\u50cf\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u5916\u56fd\u690d\u7269\uff0c\u6c14\u5019\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u53cb\u597d\uff0c\u683d\u57f9\u4e86\u4f46\u662f\u672a\u7ecf\u5475\u62a4\u201d\u3002<sup>[38]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5305\u62ec\u5f25\u5c14\u987f\u7684\u300a\u5931\u4e50\u56ed\u300b\u300a\u590d\u4e50\u56ed\u300b\u5728\u5185\uff0c\u5728\u6c14\u5019\u8bdd\u8bed\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u5f88\u591a\u6587\u5b66\u4e0e\u5b97\u6559\u6027\u7684\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u6811\u3001\u690d\u7269\u3001\u533b\u836f\u3001\u4f53\u6db2\u3001\u7eac\u5ea6\u548c\u6c14\u5019\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bed\u8a00\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u53c2\u4e0e\u957f\u671f\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5173\u4e8e\u5929\u5802\u4f4d\u7f6e\u548c\u6c14\u5019\u7684\u89e3\u7ecf\u4e89\u8bba\u3002\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u300a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e4b\u57ce\u300b1610\u5e74\u7684\u8bd1\u672c\u4e2d\u660e\u786e\u5730\u8bb0\u8ff0\u4e86\u53e4\u5178\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u5173\u4e8e\u5929\u5802\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u8868\u8ff0\u3002\u201c\u60f3\u8c61\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6df1\u601d\u719f\u8651\u800c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u3001\u8d64\u9053\u4e0a\u6c14\u5019\u975e\u5e38\u6e29\u548c\u5b9c\u5c45\u7684\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u8d64\u9053\u628a\u708e\u70ed\u5e72\u71e5\u7684\u533a\u57df\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4e0e\u9ec4\u9053\u4ea4\u4e8e\u4e24\u70b9\u201d\u3002<sup>[39]<\/sup>\u96f7\u5229\u8bba\u8ff0\u9053:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5730\u7403\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5929\u5802\u88ab\u521b\u5efa\u4e8e35\u5ea6\u7eac\u7ebf\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4f0a\u7538\u56ed\u6216\u8005\u7f8e\u7d22\u4e0d\u8fbe\u7c73\u4e9a\u7684\u4e0b\u65b9\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u5e0c\u7eb3\u5c14\u548c\u4e9a\u7f8e\u5c3c\u4e9a\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u5b83\u8ddd\u79bb\u8d64\u905335\u5ea6\uff0c\u8ddd\u79bb\u5317\u678155\u5ea6\uff0c\u6c14\u5019\u6e29\u548c\uff0c\u76db\u4ea7\u679c\u5b9e\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4e0d\u7528\u52b3\u52a8\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6536\u83b7\u7684\u68d5\u6988\u6811\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u571f\u5730\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u548c\u592a\u9633\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u5938\u80dc\u8fc7\u522b\u5904\u3002<sup>[40]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u300a\u5931\u4e50\u56ed\u300b\u7b2c\u56db\u5377\uff0c\u5f25\u5c14\u987f\u82b1\u4e86\u5f88\u5927\u7bc7\u5e45\u5728\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u5b9a\u4f4d\u4f0a\u7538\u56ed\uff0c\u628a\u5b83\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6807\u8bb0\u5728\u4e0e\u963f\u739b\u62c9\u5c71(Mount Amara)\u6709\u5173\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u5e15\u7279\u91cc\u514b\u00b7\u4f11\u59c6\u6ce8\u91ca\u8bf4:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u57c3\u585e\u4fc4\u6bd4\u4e9a\u7684\u8d64\u9053\u4e0b\u65b9;\u5728\u8d64\u9053\u4e0b\u65b9\uff0c\u571f\u5730\u80a5\u6c83\uff0c\u6781\u5176\u5b9c\u4eba\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u5fb7\u5c14\u56fe\u826f(Tertullian)\u3001\u535a\u7eb3\u6587\u5fb7(Bonaventure)\u3001\u675c\u5170\u8fbe(Durandus)\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4f18\u79c0\u4eba\u7269\u3002\u708e\u70ed\u7684\u8d64\u9053\uff0c\u4ee5\u524d\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u5c45\u4f4f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u90a3\u91cc\u767d\u5929\u6709\u4e1c\u65b9\u51c9\u98ce\u5439\u62c2\uff0c\u591c\u665a\u571f\u5730\u6574\u4e2a\u5904\u4e8e(\u51c9\u548c\u70ed)\u4e2d\u95f4\uff0c\u5f88\u6e29\u548c\u3002\u628a\u5929\u5802\u653e\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u518d\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u73b0\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u6bd4\u8fd9\u79cd\u6c14\u5019\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u5929\u5802\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u3001\u7f8e\u4e3d\u548c\u5bcc\u9976\u3002<sup>[41]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5f25\u5c14\u987f\u4ece\u6c14\u5019\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u590f\u5a03\u5728\u5929\u5802\u91cc\u7684\u52b3\u4f5c\u3002\u590f\u5a03\u6073\u6c42\u201c\u6545\u4e61\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u6c14\u5019\u201d\u5141\u8bb8\u56ed\u5b50(\u7684\u82b1\u513f)\u201c\u751f\u957f\u201d\u3002<sup>[42]<\/sup>\u53d9\u8ff0\u8005\u8bf4\uff0c\u5979\u4ece\u201c\u67d4\u5ae9\u7684\u679d\u6761\u4e0a\u201d\u91c7\u6458\u679c\u5b9e\uff0c\u201c\u65e0\u8bba\u4e1c\u897f\u5370\u5ea6\uff0c\u5927\u5730\u6bcd\u4eb2\u90fd\u5b55\u80b2\u4e86\u4e00\u5207\u201d\u3002<sup>[43]<\/sup>\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u8bc6\u522b\u51fa\u4f0a\u7538\u56ed\u6240\u5904\u6c14\u5019\u5e26\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5047\u8bbe\u662f\u7531\u7eac\u5ea6\u5e26\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u751f\u7269\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0d\u4ec5\u88ab\u8fd0\u7528\u4e8e\u690d\u7269\u548c\u52a8\u7269\uff0c\u4e5f\u88ab\u8fd0\u7528\u4e8e\u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e5f\u80fd\u591f\u63cf\u8ff0\u5728\u5815\u843d\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u6587\u5316\u4e0e\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-medium-font-size\" style=\"color:#0071a1\"><strong>\u56db\u3001\u79cd\u690d\u56ed\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u751f\u6001\u5b66:\u70df\u8349\u3001\u5496\u5561\u548c\u9152\u7cbe<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u6709\u5177\u4f53\u5730\u540d\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u50cf\u201c\u9ed1\u201d(black)\u201c\u767d\u201d(white)\u548c\u201c\u989c\u8272\u201d(colour)\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bcd\u5e76\u4e0d\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u63cf\u8ff0\u5c45\u4f4f\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e00\u5730\u65b9\u548c\u7eac\u5ea6\u5e26\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ee3\u8868\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u6c14\u5019\u4e2d\u3001\u8eab\u4f53\u5982\u4f55\u5185\u5728\u5730\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6c14\u5019\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u7406\u673a\u80fd\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u5b9e\u52a8\u6447\u4e86\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u79cd\u65cf\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u5c24\u745f\u592b\u00b7\u4ea8\u80961637\u5e74\u6240\u8457\u7684\u300a\u6f2b\u601d\u300b\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4ed6\u5766\u7387\u5730\u627f\u8ba4\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u4eba\u4eec\u968f\u7740\u6c14\u5019\u6539\u53d8\u80a4\u8272\u201d\u3002<sup>[44]<\/sup>\u5f88\u591a\u4f5c\u5bb6\u601d\u8003\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u5bcc\u6709\u5f02\u56fd\u60c5\u8c03\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u548c\u8bcd\u8bed\u7684\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u8fdc\u4e0d\u4e3a\u4eba\u77e5\u7684\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u690d\u7269\u3001\u533b\u836f\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u50cf\u76ce\u53f8\u3001\u6253\u5170(dram)\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u6a61\u80f6\u3001\u6839\u90e8(root)\u3001\u9152\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5de7\u514b\u529b\u3001\u70df\u8349\u3001\u5496\u5561\u548c\u8336\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e1c\u897f\u540e\u6765\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u5e1d\u56fd\u5168\u7403\u8d38\u6613\u7f51\u4e2d\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5546\u54c1\u3002\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5173\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u5177\u4f53\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7269\u8d28\u548c\u5316\u5de5\u4ea7\u54c1\u5bf9\u8eab\u4f53\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u533b\u7597\u6548\u679c\u548c\u5bf9\u4f53\u6db2\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u3001\u53cd\u590d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684(\u89c1\u56fe4)\u3002\u8fd9\u548c\u6211\u4eec\u4e4b\u524d\u770b\u5230\u7684\u6d3b\u529b\u8bba\u690d\u7269\u548c\u52a8\u7269\u4e3b\u9898\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u679a\u786c\u5e01\u7684\u4e24\u9762\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7f51\u7edc\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u5c45\u4f4f\u4e8e\u67d0\u79cd\u6c14\u5019\u4e2d\u7684\u751f\u7269\u7684\u79cd\u7c7b\u548c\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u5173\u4e8e\u4f53\u6db2\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u5219\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u73af\u5883\u5bf9\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u751f\u7406\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"631\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Tu_4-631x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9222\" srcset=\"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Tu_4-631x1024.png 631w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Tu_4-185x300.png 185w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Tu_4-768x1246.png 768w, https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Tu_4.png 852w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 631px) 100vw, 631px\" \/><figcaption>\u56fe4  \u7f51\u7edc\u4e0e\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u201d(China)\u4e00\u8bcd\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u8bdd\u8bed<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u628a\u67d0\u79cd\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u6c14\u5019\u7269\u8d28\u5bf9\u8eab\u4f53\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4f53\u6db2\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8ba8\u8bba\u73af\u5883\u5bf9\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\u6211\u4eec\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u5316\u5b66\u751f\u6001\u5b66(chemical ecology)\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u7687\u5bb6\u5b66\u4f1a\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u6ce2\u4e49\u8033\u628a\u5728\u4e00\u79cd\u6c14\u5019\u4e2d\u7a7a\u6c14\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u201c\u65e2\u6539\u53d8\u53c8\u63a5\u53d7\u66b4\u9732\u4e8e\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u201d\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u5e26\u6765\u201c\u8eab\u4f53\u201d\u201c\u673a\u80fd\u201d\u201c\u52a8\u7269&#8230;&#8230;\u751a\u81f3\u76d0\u548c\u77ff\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u201d\u7684\u8f6c\u5316\u3002<sup>[45]<\/sup>\u6839\u636eG\u00b7\u54c8\u5f17\u548c\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u6234\u7ef4\u65af\u5728\u300a\u54f2\u5b66\u4f1a\u8bae\u7814\u8ba8\u4e8c\u96c6\u300b(<em>Another Collection of Philosophical Conferences<\/em>, 1665)\u4e2d\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u4ece\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u770b\u5230\u7684\u57fa\u4e8e\u6c14\u5019\u7684\u5168\u7403\u7a7a\u95f4\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8f6c\u5316\u5728\u8eab\u4f53\u4e2d\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u3002\u751f\u7406\u6027\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u201c\u6216\u6765\u81ea\u6c14\u5019\uff0c\u6216\u6765\u81ea\u571f\u58e4\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u201c\u5728\u8eab\u4f53\u5668\u5b98(parts)\u3001\u4f53\u6db2\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u201d\u7684\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u4f7f\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7075\u9b42\u52a0\u70ed\u6216\u51b7\u5374\u3001\u53d8\u6e7f\u6216\u53d8\u5e72\u201d\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u73b0\u4ee3\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u5b98\u80fd\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u6240\u754c\u5b9a\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u6c14\u5019\u91cd\u5851\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u7075\u9b42\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e5f\u91cd\u94f8\u4e86\u65e9\u671f\u73b0\u4ee3\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u56fe\u666f\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u4ece\u7a33\u5b9a\u3001\u719f\u6089\u7684\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u8bed\u5883\u5230\u5168\u7403\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u5b64\u7acb(deracinating)\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u662f\u201c\u8f6c\u77ac\u5373\u901d\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u548c\u591a\u53d8\u7684\u201d;<sup>[46]<\/sup>\u800c\u5b98\u80fd\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5219\u5f3a\u8c03\u7075\u9b42\u7684\u673a\u80fd\u3001\u529b\u91cf\u3001\u4f53\u6db2\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u690d\u7269\u3001\u8349\u836f\u548c\u5316\u5de5\u4ea7\u54c1\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6c14\u5019\u4e2d\u79fb\u690d\uff0c\u662f\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u5f88\u660e\u663e\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u8868\u660e\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u5316\u5b66\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49(chemical colonialism)\u7684\u673a\u5236\u4ee4\u4eba\u7740\u8ff7\u3002\u88ab\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u6807\u8bb0\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u5f88\u591a\u6587\u672c\u90e8\u5206(moments)\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u7528\u8349\u836f\u548c\u9152\u6765\u4f7f\u571f\u8457\u4eba\u8fdb\u5165\u4e00\u79cd\u5316\u5b66\u8bf1\u53d1\u7684\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u660f\u8ff7\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u963f\u8299\u62c9\u00b7\u672c\u6069\u7684\u300a\u5965\u7f57\u52aa\u79d1\u300b(<em>Oronooko<\/em>, 1688)\u4e2d\uff0c\u9152\u7cbe\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u7ed9\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u975e\u6d32\u738b\u5b50\u8bbe\u5708\u5957\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u6355\u4e3a\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u5974\u96b6\u3002<sup>[47]<\/sup>\u300a\u66b4\u98ce\u96e8\u300b\u5219\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u8868\u8fbe\u4e86\u838e\u58eb\u6bd4\u4e9a\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u5316\u5b66\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u6301\u4e45\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u3002\u6700\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u65af\u4e39\u6cd5\u8bfa(Stephano)\u548c\u7279\u6797\u9e20\u7f57(Trinculo)\u7528\u9152\u5b89\u629a\u51ef\u5217\u73ed(Caliban)\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u3002\u666e\u6d1b\u65af\u5e15\u7f57(Prospero)\u901a\u8fc7\u4eba\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u4f53\u5236\u6559\u51ef\u5217\u73ed\u8bf4\u8bdd\uff0c\u8bf4\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u662f\u6b96\u6c11\u5f81\u670d\u7684\u5a92\u4ecb;\u800c\u65af\u4e39\u6cd5\u8bfa\u548c\u7279\u6797\u9e20\u7f57\u901a\u8fc7\u7ed9\u51ef\u5217\u73ed\u4e00\u79cd\u6765\u81ea\u5916\u56fd\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u54c1\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u4ed6\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u201c\u53eb\u201d\u4ed6\u201c\u8bf4\u8bdd\u201d\u4e00\u6837\u3002<sup>[48]<\/sup>\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u201c\u8fd9\u53ef\u601c\u7684\u602a\u7269\u559d\u9189\u4e86\u201d<sup>[49]<\/sup>\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u88ab\u9a6f\u670d\u7684\u8eab\u4f53:\u201c\u6551\u6d3b\u4ed6\u201d\u5c31\u8981\u201c\u628a\u4ed6\u9a6f\u670d\u201d\u3002<sup>[50]<\/sup>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c\u70c2\u9189\u7684\u602a\u7269\u201d<sup>[51]<\/sup>\u4ece\u4e2d\u98ce\u4e2d\u6062\u590d\u8fc7\u6765\uff0c\u7528\u4ed6\u6062\u590d\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5411\u90a3\u5f02\u57df\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u548c\u5b83\u7684\u6301\u6709\u8005\u8868\u793a\u81e3\u670d:\u201c\u6211\u8981\u6309\u7740\u90a3\u74f6\u5b50\u5ba3\u8a93\u505a\u4f60\u5fe0\u8d1e\u7684\u5b50\u6c11\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u90a3\u9152\u4e0d\u662f\u4eba\u95f4\u7684\u3002\u201d<sup>[52]<\/sup>\u65af\u4e39\u6cd5\u8bfa\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u8fd9\u79cd\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u4e0d\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bf9\u4f53\u6db2\u4fb5\u5165\u6027\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u5df2\u7ecf\u751f\u6548\u4e86\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e3a\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u548c\u7279\u6797\u9e20\u7f57\u7684\u597d\u5904\u8981\u6293\u4f4f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u673a\u4f1a:\u201c\u7279\u6797\u9e20\u7f57\uff0c\u65e2\u7136\u738b\u4e0a\u548c\u6211\u4eec\u5168\u4f53\u4f19\u4f34\u90fd\u6df9\u6b7b\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u6536\u8fd9\u5757\u5730\u3002\u201d<sup>[53]<\/sup>\u5c31\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u906d\u9047\u6d77\u96be\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u96c6\u56e2\u5c31\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86\u8fd9\u5757\u571f\u5730\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u52a8\u690d\u7269\u2014\u2014\u51ef\u5217\u73ed\u8bb8\u8bfa\u4e86\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u201c\u6c34\u6cc9\u201d\u201c\u6d46\u679c\u201d\u201c\u9c7c\u201d\u201c\u6728\u67f4\u201d\u548c\u201c\u957f\u201d\u7684\u201c\u91ce\u82f9\u679c\u201d<sup>[54]<\/sup>\u2014\u2014\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u5316\u5b66\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u628a\u4e00\u79cd\u6765\u81ea\u5916\u56fd\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u7528\u5230\u8fd9\u79cd\u6c14\u5019\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7531\u5185\u800c\u5916\u7684\u53ef\u601c\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u8fd9\u5229\u7528\u4e86\u51ef\u5217\u73ed\u6ca1\u600e\u4e48\u559d\u8fc7\u9152\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u9152\u74f6\u62ff\u4e0b\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u300a\u66b4\u98ce\u96e8\u300b\u4e2d\u5c31\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u5e76\u4e0d\u600e\u4e48\u9700\u8981\u501f\u52a9\u5916\u5728\u7684\u5f3a\u884c\u903c\u8feb\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5f15\u5165\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u5316\u5b66\u54c1\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u51ef\u5217\u73ed\u81ea\u613f\u53d8\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ec6\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u300a\u66b4\u98ce\u96e8\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8d21\u67f4\u7f57\u8981\u6d88\u9664\u201c\u5730\u754c\u201d\u201c\u8015\u5730\u201d\u201c\u8461\u8404\u56ed\u201d\uff0c<sup>[55]<\/sup>\u4ece\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u523016\u4e16\u7eaa\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u4e4c\u6258\u90a6\u8bdd\u8bed\u3002\u6700\u663e\u8457\u7684\u662f\u5728\u6258\u9a6c\u65af\u00b7\u83ab\u5c14\u7684\u300a\u4e4c\u6258\u90a6\u300b\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u79cd\u690d\u56ed\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f17\u4e16\u7eaa\u82f1\u56fd\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u7684\u5178\u578b\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u6307\u5411\u4e86\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u50cf\u5f17\u6717\u897f\u65af\u00b7\u57f9\u6839\u7684\u300a\u968f\u7b14\u300b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u79cd\u690d\u56ed\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u201c\u5148\u524d\u738b\u56fd\u7684\u5b50\u55e3\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u628a\u4e0d\u540c\u7eac\u5ea6\u5e26\u7684\u690d\u7269\u79fb\u690d\u8fd0\u7528\u5230\u4eba\u7c7b\u8eab\u4e0a\u2014\u2014\u201c\u4f60\u7528\u6765\u79cd\u690d\u7684\u4eba\u201d\u8eab\u4e0a\u3002<sup>[56]<\/sup>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u57fa\u4e8e\u6c14\u5019\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u65e9\u671f\u751f\u7269\u5168\u7403\u8bdd\u8bed\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u79cd\u690d\u56ed\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u5dc5\u5cf0\u300217\u4e16\u7eaa\u82f1\u56fd\u6269\u5f20\u548c\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u56fe\u666f\u5f00\u59cb\u662f\u96c6\u4e2d\u4e8e\u53d7\u7eac\u5ea6\u5e26\u9650\u5236\u7684\u76f8\u8fd1\u6c14\u5019\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u751f\u957f\u7684\u3001\u53ef\u5e26\u6765\u5229\u6da6\u7684\u8c37\u7269\u548c\u5546\u54c1\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u540c\u6c14\u5019\u4e2d\u7684\u751f\u7269\u53ef\u79fb\u690d\u6027\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u7531\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u79fb\u6c11\u5230\u79cd\u690d\u56ed\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u7eac\u5ea6\u7684\u6c14\u5019\u6a21\u578b\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u6700\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u5408\u8d44\u516c\u53f8\u5546\u54c1\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u8fd9\u53c8\u4e3a\u5c06\u4eba\u4eec\u79fb\u690d\u5230\u5168\u7403\u5404\u5730\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u84dd\u56fe\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u57fa\u4e8e\u6c14\u5019\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u51fa\u73b0\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f15\u8d77\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u4e00\u662f\u6c14\u5019\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e0e\u73b0\u4ee3\u65e9\u671f\u6587\u5b66\u6279\u8bc4\u6240\u79f0\u7684\u201c\u5730\u7406\u4f53\u6db2\u5b66\u8bf4\u201d(geohumoralism)\u6216\u8005\u6587\u827a\u590d\u5174\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u201c\u6c14\u5019\u7406\u8bba\u201d\u5173\u8054\u7d27\u5bc6\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c\u533a\u57df\u7684\u6c14\u6e29\u3001\u6e7f\u5ea6\u6c34\u5e73\u3001\u571f\u58e4\u548c\u5730\u5f62\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5f62\u6210\u5c45\u6c11\u7531\u4f53\u6db2\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u9762\u8272\u3001\u80a4\u8272\u548c\u6027\u683c\u201d\u3002<sup>[57]<\/sup>\u65e9\u671f\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5173\u4e8e\u5730\u7406\u4f53\u6db2\u5b66\u8bf4\u4e89\u8bba\u7684\u5173\u952e\u70b9\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u201c\u9762\u8272\u201d\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7531\u6c14\u5019\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u533a\u5206\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u56fa\u5b9a\u6027\u4e0e\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u827e\u4f26\u00b7\u65af\u56fe\u5c14\u7279\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u201c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u88ab\u6c38\u4e45\u5730\u4ece\u90a3\u4e2a\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u5176\u2018\u81ea\u7136\u2019\u5c45\u4f4f\u5730\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u88ab\u8feb\u8fc1\u79fb\u5230\u56fd\u5916\u67d0\u5730\u5b89\u5bb6\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u201d\uff0c\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u4ec0\u4e48?<sup>[58]<\/sup>\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u65af\u56fe\u5c14\u7279\u548c\u8ba9\u00b7\u83f2\u529b\u514b(Jean Feerick)\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u6587\u827a\u590d\u5174\u65f6\u671f\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u76f8\u5f53\u7684\u7126\u8651\uff0c\u5730\u7406\u4f53\u6db2\u5b66\u8bf4\u662f\u5176\u4e00\u4e2a\u6765\u6e90\u3002\u4eba\u4f53\u7684\u53ef\u6e17\u900f\u6027\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u5f85\u4e0a\u8db3\u591f\u957f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u548c\u79cd\u65cf\u5206\u7c7b\u7279\u5f81\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u6a21\u7cca\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u5728\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u65b0\u5174\u8d77\u4e00\u79cd\u4ee4\u4eba\u4e0d\u5b89\u7684\u5173\u4e8e\u6c11\u65cf\u6027\u548c\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5:\u4f3c\u4e4e\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u975e\u5e38\u5bb9\u6613\u5c31\u80fd\u53d8\u6210\u201c\u8ddf\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u4eba\u201d\u6216\u8005\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u201c\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u533a\u522b\u7684\u4eba\u201d\u3002<sup>[59]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u8fd9\u79cd\u5730\u7406\u4f53\u6db2\u5b66\u8bf4\u4f1a\u52a8\u6447\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u56fd\u5bb6\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u540c\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u5c31\u5931\u52bf\u4e86\uff0c\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u592a\u591a\u5730\u662f\u4e3a\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e2d\u6240\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u4e0d\u516c\u6b63\u9053\u6b49\u3002\u5f7c\u5f97\u00b7\u57c3\u91cc\u514b\u68ee\u548c\u91d1\u00b7\u54c8\u5c14\u8bba\u8ff0\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u73b0\u4ee3\u65e9\u671f\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u201c\u6d41\u52a8\u7684\u201d\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u201c\u63a9\u76d6\u4e86\u79cd\u65cf\u5f62\u6210\u4e2d\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u8eab\u4f53\u548c\u5fc3\u7406\u4e0a\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5ffd\u89c6\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u5ffd\u89c6\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u201c\u838e\u58eb\u6bd4\u4e9a\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u201d\u6709\u5173\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u79cd\u65cf\u7684\u5bf9\u8bdd\u5df2\u7ecf\u201c\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u505c\u4e0b\u6765\u4e86\u201d\u3002<sup>[60]<\/sup>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6211\u4eec\u540c\u610f\u4ed6\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u8981\u628a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u6863\u6848\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5730\u7406\u4f53\u6db2\u5b66\u8bf4\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u6bd4\u5bf9\u5b83\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u6240\u627f\u8ba4\u7684\u66f4\u5fae\u5999\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5f53\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u7279\u5f81\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u51fa\u73b0\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u4e2d\u65f6\uff0c\u4f53\u6db2\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u8fdc\u975e\u662f\u59cb\u7ec8\u5982\u4e00\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6b63\u5982\u5409\u5a1c\u00b7\u83f2\u6d1b\u6240\u8bba\u8ff0\u7684\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u773c\u5149\u4e0d\u5728\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\u6700\u660e\u663e\u7684\u5173\u4e8e\u79cd\u65cf\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u6587\u672c\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u5730\u7406\u4f53\u6db2\u5b66\u8bf4\u66f4\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u56db\u5206\u4e94\u88c2\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\uff0c\u800c\u5e76\u975e\u90a3\u4e48\u4e3b\u8981\u5730\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u7684\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u5206\u88c2\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u201c\u5173\u4e8e\u79cd\u65cf\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u4e92\u76f8\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e0d\u8fde\u8d2f\u3001\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\u51e0\u4e4e\u6301\u7eed\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a17\u4e16\u7eaa\u201d\u3002<sup>[61]<\/sup>\u800c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u7559\u5fc3\u82cf\u8036\u59b2\u00b7\u827e\u626c\u683c\u7684\u547c\u5401\u201c\u627f\u8ba4\u76f8\u4e92\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u7ed3\u6784\u4f1a\u6597\u4e89\u3001\u4e92\u76f8\u52a0\u5f3a\uff0c\u800c\u6700\u7ec8\u6bc1\u706d\u201d<sup>[62]<\/sup>\u4e8e\u73b0\u4ee3\u65e9\u671f\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u6761\u4ef6\u4e4b\u4e0b\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5730\u7406\u4f53\u6db2\u5b66\u8bf4\u5bf9\u6c14\u5019\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u5e76\u975e\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u5ba3\u626c\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u572817\u4e16\u7eaa\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9010\u6e10\u6210\u4e3a\u6b96\u6c11\u66b4\u529b\u7684\u9996\u8981\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\uff0c\u7531\u4f53\u6db2\u6784\u6210\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u968f\u52bf\u5c31\u5f62\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u70b9\u5c31\u88ab\u5229\u7528\u4f5c\u82f1\u56fd\u6b96\u6c11\u653f\u4f53\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6218\u672f\u3002\u6784\u6210\u6211\u4eec\u8bdd\u8bed\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6587\u672c\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u5168\u7403\u4e8b\u4e1a\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u4ece\u5173\u6ce8\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u8eab\u4f53\u6548\u679c\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u5bf9\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u4eba\u65bd\u7528\u5316\u5b66\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u7f51\u7edc\u6a21\u578b\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u4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4e0e\u5730\u8d28\u8de8\u5ea6\u3002\u4e00\u79cd\u5f53\u4e0b\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u4f1a\u628a\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e16\u9610\u91ca\u4e3a\u53d1\u751f\u4e8e20\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u671f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0a\u7684\u65ad\u88c2\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u6709\u91c7\u7eb3\u4e86\u77ed\u89c6\u7684\u5171\u65f6\u6027\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u662f\u65e2\u4e0d\u51c6\u786e\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u62b9\u53bb\u4e86\u6b96\u6c11\u66b4\u529b\u548c\u80c1\u8feb\u7559\u4e0b\u7684\u9057\u4ea7\uff0c\u800c\u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e16\u6709\u8d21\u732e\u7684\u5386\u65f6\u6027\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u6280\u672f\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u5b57\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5ba1\u67e5\u6587\u5b57\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u56de\u5e94\u4e86\u5218\u6613\u65af\u548c\u9a6c\u65af\u6797\u5bf9\u4eba\u6587\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u53f7\u53ec:\u53c2\u4e0e\u5b9a\u4e49\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e16\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c1d\u8bd5\u7528\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u4f7f\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u6d6e\u51fa\u6c34\u9762\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u5efa\u6a21;\u4e5f\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5bf9\u653f\u6cbb\u6548\u4ef7\u548c\u4f26\u7406\u6548\u4ef7(political and ethical valences)\u8fdb\u884c\u5efa\u6a21\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e16\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u800c\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e16\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u5df2\u7ecf\u4ee4\u4eba\u60b2\u4f24\u5730\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u6700\u8fd1\u5173\u4e8e\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u3001\u542f\u8499\u548c\u8fdb\u6b65\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u6218\u573a\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u7f51\u7edc\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c31\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6863\u6848\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u5173\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e16\u6597\u4e89\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u5bf9\u5176\u4e0e\u5730\u7403\u5173\u7cfb\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002\u798f\u67ef\u6559\u5bfc\u6211\u4eec:\u8bdd\u8bed\u5206\u6790\u7684\u6839\u672c\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u8981\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u6784\u6210\u7684\u4e25\u5cfb\u8003\u9a8c\u4e2d\u628a\u4e92\u76f8\u51b2\u7a81\u3001\u4ea4\u9519\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u5411\u91cf\u51f8\u663e\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u8981\u8fdb\u5165\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u96f6\u96f6\u6563\u6563\u7684\u6597\u4e89\u7684\u6863\u6848\u9057\u5b58\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u5207\u5165\u53e3\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u5b57\u65b9\u6cd5\u5ba1\u67e5\u4eba\u7c7b\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u8fd9\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u662f\u4e0e\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u7684\u5171\u9e23\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4e0e\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u5171\u9e23\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u4eba\u7c7b\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u7f51\u7edc\u8ffd\u8e2a\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e0e\u5730\u7403\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027(precarity)\u548c\u6613\u6e17\u900f\u6027(porosity)\u7684\u53e6\u7c7b\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e0d\u628a\u542f\u8499\u548c\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u7f6e\u4e8e\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color:#0071a1\" class=\"has-inline-color\">&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color\" style=\"color:#0071a1\"><strong>Anthropocene and Empire: Discourse Networks of the Human Record<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>James Lee, Joshua Beckelhimer<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><span style=\"color:#0071a1\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Abstract:<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>Recent debates about the existence and definition of the Anthropocene provoked a wide-reaching and fundamental rethinking of what means to perform humanistic and scientific inquiries. The nature of humanistic inquiry should change along with the knowledge that human beings are not just historical or social agents but also geologic agents. This essay takes the year of 1610 as the point of departure in one of the definitions of the Anthropocene, uses digital humanities methods to search, classify, and analyze the large corpora that constitute the human record since that year, and studies the rise of colonial empires and the global movement of life among ecosystems they precipitated. It uses digital humanities methods to mine the historical archives of Early English Books Online (EEBO) and the HathiTrust Digital Library in search of evidence supporting or refuting the theory that colonialism and the rise of early modern globalism catalyzed the Anthropocene. Our models reveal that England defined its imperial project on the premise that life was transplantable across the globe\u2014human beings could be re-settled into far- flung colonies, and plantations could grow cash crops at certain latitudes. The Anthropocene signals an early modern empire project that imagined the world as a series of latitude bands and the climate zones they delimit, a premodern earth system that defined life across the globe in spatial terms, furthering the goals of empire\u2014a regime of biopower that has not been adequately acknowledged in debates on the Anthropocene.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><span style=\"color:#0071a1\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Keywords:\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>The Anthropocene; Digital Humanities; Early English Books Online; HathiTrust Digital Library; Empire Project; Colonialism<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color:#0071a1\" class=\"has-inline-color\">&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\">\u7f16\u00a0\u8f91\u00a0 |\u00a0 \u59dc\u6587\u6d9b<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u539f\u6587\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>James Lee, Joshua Beckelhimer,\u201cAnthropocene and Empire: Discourse Networks of the Human Record,\u201d<em>PMLA<\/em>, vol. 135, no.1, 2020, pp.110-135. Published by the Modern Language Association of America, translated and published in Chinese with the authors&#8217; permission.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u5411\u4e0a\u6ed1\u52a8 \u67e5\u770b\u6ce8\u91ca\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[1]Dipesh Chakrabarty\u201c, The Climate of History: Four Theses,\u201d<em>Critical Inquiry<\/em>, vol. 35, no. 2, 2009, p. 209.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[2]Simon L. Lewis, Mark A. Maslin\u201c, Defining the Anthropocene,\u201d<em>Nature,&nbsp;<\/em>vol. 519, no. 7542, 2015, p. 171.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[3]Dipesh Chakrabarty,\u201cThe Climate of History: Four Theses,\u201dpp. 197-222; Bethany Nowviskie,\u201cDigital Humanities in the Anthropocene,\u201d&nbsp;<em>Digital Scholarship in the Humanities<\/em>, vol. 30, no. 1, 2015, pp. i4-i15.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[4]Bruno Latour\u201c, Agency at the Time of the Anthropocene,\u201d<em>New Literary History<\/em>, vol. 45, no. 1, 2014, pp. 1-18.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[5]\u91d1\u9053\u9489(golden spike)\u662f\u6307\u4fee\u5efa\u91cd\u8981\u94c1\u8def\u6253\u4e0b\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6839\u9053\u9489\u30021869\u5e745\u670810\u65e5\uff0c\u5317\u7f8e\u7b2c\u4e00\u6761\u6a2a\u8d2f\u5927\u9646\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u94c1\u8def\uff0c\u5728\u72b9\u4ed6\u5dde\u666e\u7f57\u8499\u5927\u96f7\u4f1a\u5408\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u9686\u91cd\u5e86\u795d\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u5728\u63a5\u8f68\u5904\u7528\u4e86\u91d1\u8d28\u9053\u9489\u3002\u6b64\u5904\u501f\u6307\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u5927\u65f6\u4ee3(\u201c\u4e16\u201d)\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u3002\u2014\u2014\u8bd1\u8005\u6ce8<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[6]Lewis, Maslin\u201c, Defining the Anthropocene,\u201dp. 173.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[7]Lewis, Maslin\u201c, Defining the Anthropocene,\u201dp. 175.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[8]Lewis, Maslin\u201c, Defining the Anthropocene,\u201dp. 174.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[9]DipeshChakrabarty\u201c, TheClimateofHistory:FourTheses,\u201dpp.219-220.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[10]Erle C. Ellis et al.,\u201cInvolve Social Scientists in Defining the Anthropocene,\u201d<em>Nature<\/em>, vol. 540, no. 7632, 2016, pp. 192-193.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[11]Lauren F. Klein,\u201cDistant Reading after Moretti,\u201d<em>Arcade: Literature, the Humanities, and the World<\/em>, January 10, 2018, arcade.stanford.edu\/blogs\/distant-reading-after-moretti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[12]David M. Blei et al.\u201c, Latent Dirichlet Allocation,\u201d<em>Journal of Machine Learning Research<\/em>, vol. 3, January 2003, pp. 993-1022; Tomas Mikolov et al.,\u201cDistributed Representations of Words and Phrases and Their Compositionality,\u201d<em>Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems<\/em>, no. 26, 2013, papers.nips.cc\/ paper\/5021-distributed-representations-of-words-and-phrases-and-their-compositionality.pdf.\u5173\u4e8e\u6f5c\u5728\u72c4\u5229\u514b\u96f7\u5206\u5e03(LDA)\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4fee\u6b63\u7684Gensim\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f(radimrehurek.com\/gensim\/)\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6587\u6863\u68c0\u7d22\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u628aElasticsearch\u6570\u636e\u5e93(github.com\/elastic\/elasticsearch)\u7528\u4e8eEEBO\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u6b21\u8fd0\u884cLDA\u6765\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u603b\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fd0\u884c\u662f\u4f7f\u7528Apache Spark\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u3002\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u7684\u534e\u8bed\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u7c07\u95f4\u8ddd\u662f\u4f7f\u7528Kullback-Lieblier\u53d1\u6563\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u3002\u672c\u6587\u6240\u6709\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u7248\u672c\u90fd\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5730\u5740\u627e\u5230:renaissance-nlp.net:8400\/projects\/eebo2\u3002\u57fa\u4e8eWeb\u7684\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u754c\u9762\u662f\u4f7f\u7528Angular(github.com\/angular\/angular)\u548cJavascript\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u3002\u5728Andrew W. Mellon Foundation\u7684\u652f\u6301\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u5206\u6790\u7684\u3001\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u7f51\u7edc\u5e73\u53f0\u7684\u5f00\u6e90\u7248\u672c\u5373\u5c06\u53d1\u5e03\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[13]Andrew Piper,&nbsp;<em>Enumerations: Data and Literary Study<\/em>, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2018, p. 67.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[14]Benjamin M. Schmidt,\u201cWords Alone: Dismantling Topic Models in the Humanities,\u201d<em>Journal of Digital Humanities<\/em>, vol. 2, no. 1, 2012, journalofdigitalhumanities.org\/2-1\/words-alone-by-benjamin-m-schmidt\/.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[15]Nan Z. Da,\u201cThe Computational Case Against Computational Literary Studies,\u201d<em>Critical Inquiry<\/em>, vol. 45, no. 3, 2019, pp. 601-639.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[16]Da\u201c, The Computational Case ,\u201dp. 611.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[17]Schmidt\u201c, Words Alone.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[18]Jordan Boyd-Graber et al.,\u201cApplications of Topic Models,\u201d<em>Foundations and Trends in Information Retrieval<\/em>, vol. 20, no. 20, 2017, pp. 21-22.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[19]Alexander Rusanov et al.\u201c, Trends in Anesthesiology Research: A Machine Learning Approach to Theme Discovery and Summarization,\u201d<em>Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association Open<\/em>, vol. 1, no. 2, 2018, pp. 283-293.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[20]William Shakespeare,\u00a0<em>The Tempest<\/em>, eds. Barbara A. Mowat, Paul Werstine, Folger Shakespeare Library, 2019, Folger Digital Texts, 2019,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.folgerdigitaltexts.org\/?chapter=5&amp;play=Tmp.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">www.folgerdigitaltexts.org\/?chapter=5&amp;play=Tmp.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[21]John Milton,&nbsp;<em>Paradise Lost: A Poem in Twelve Books<\/em>, London, 1674.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[22]Wai Chee Dimock,&nbsp;<em>Through Other Continents: American Literature across Deep Time<\/em>, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2006, p. 73.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[23]Dimock,&nbsp;<em>Through Other Continents<\/em>, p. 74.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[24]Michel Foucault,&nbsp;<em>The Archaeology of Knowledge<\/em>, London: Routledge, 2013, p. 23.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[25]Daniel Shore,&nbsp;<em>Cyberformalism: Histories of Linguistic Forms in the Digital Archive<\/em>, Washington: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2018, p. 195.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[26]Alfred W. Crosby,&nbsp;<em>The Columbian Exchange: Biological and Cultural Consequences of 1492<\/em>, Portsmouth: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2003, pp. 64, 107, 166.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[27]\u5373\u73b0\u4ee3\u65e9\u671f\u3002\u2014\u2014\u8bd1\u8005\u6ce8<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[28]Ayesha Ramachandran,&nbsp;<em>The Worldmakers: Global Imagining in Early Modern Europe<\/em>, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2015.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[29]William Grent,&nbsp;<em>A New and Accurate Map of the World Drawne According to the Truest Descriptions, Latest Discoueries, and Best Obseruations That Haue Been Made by English or Strangers<\/em>, London, 1625, p. 5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[30]William Alingham,&nbsp;<em>A Short Account, of the Nature and Use of Maps as Also Some Short Discourses of the Properties of the Earth<\/em>, London, 1698, p. 38.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[31]George Sinclair,&nbsp;<em>The Principles of Astronomy and Navigation<\/em>, Edinburgh, 1688, p. 39.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[32]George,&nbsp;<em>The Principles<\/em>, p. 40.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[33]Joseph Moxon,&nbsp;<em>Mathematicks Made Easy; or, A Mathematical Dictionary<\/em>, London, 1679, p. 164.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[34]Hariot Thomas,&nbsp;<em>A Briefe and True Report of the New Found Land of Virginia<\/em>, 1588.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[35]Thomas,&nbsp;<em>A Briefe and True Report<\/em>, p. 31.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[36]Edward Williams,&nbsp;<em>Virgo Triumphans, or, Virginia in Generall, but the South Part Therof in Particular Including the Fertile Carolan<\/em>, London, 1650, p. 19.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[37]May Thomas, translator,&nbsp;<em>Virgil&#8217;s Georgicks Egnlished<\/em>, London, 1628, p. 37.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[38]Thomas Rymer,&nbsp;<em>A Short View of Tragedy<\/em>, London, 1693, p. 28.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[39]Augustine,&nbsp;<em>Of the Citie of God<\/em>, translated by John Healy, London, 1610, p. 488.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[40]\u8f6c\u5f15\u81ea Edward Bland,&nbsp;<em>The Discovery of New Brittaine<\/em>, London, 1651, p. 5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[41]Patrick Hume,&nbsp;<em>Annotations on Milton\u2019s Paradise Lost<\/em>, London, 1695, pp. 143-144. Tertullian\uff0c155\u2014220\uff0c\u8457\u540d\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u62a4\u6559\u58eb;Bonaventure\uff0c1221\u20141274\uff0c\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7684\u7ecf\u9662\u54f2\u5b66\u795e\u5b66\u5bb6\u53ca\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6;Durandus\uff0c1230\u20141296\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u6559\u89c4\u548c\u793c\u4eea\u4f5c\u5bb6\u3002\u2014\u2014\u8bd1\u8005\u6ce8<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[42]John Milton,&nbsp;<em>Paradise Lost: A Poem in Twelve Books<\/em>, London, 1674 (Vol. 11, line 270, 274).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[43]Milton,&nbsp;<em>Paradise Lost&nbsp;<\/em>(Vol. 5, line 337-339).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[44]Joseph Henshaw,&nbsp;<em>Meditations Miscellaneous, Holy and Humane<\/em>, London, 1637, p. 107.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[45]Robert Boyle,&nbsp;<em>The General History of the Air<\/em>, London, 1692, p. 201.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[46]G. Havers, John Davies,&nbsp;<em>Another Collection of Philosophical Conferences of the French Virtuosi upon Questions of All Sorts for the Improving of Natural Knowledg Made in the Assembly of the Beaux Esprits at Paris by the Most Ingenious Persons of That Nation<\/em>, London, 1665, p. 184.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[47]Aphra Behn,&nbsp;<em>Oroonoko<\/em>:&nbsp;<em>or, The Royal Slave: A True History<\/em>, London, 1688.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[48]William Shakespeare,\u00a0<em>The Tempest<\/em>, eds. Barbara A. Mowat, Paul Werstine, Folger Shakespeare Library, 2019,\u00a0<em>Folger Digital Texts<\/em>, 2019, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.folgerdigitaltexts.org\/?chapter=5&amp;play=Tmp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">www.folgerdigitaltexts.org\/?chapter=5&amp;play=Tmp<\/a>, 2.2.85(\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5e55\u7b2c\u4e8c\u573a\u7b2c85\u884c).\u4e2d\u8bd1\u672c\u53c2\u89c1:\u5f6d\u955c\u79a7\u8bd1:\u300a\u66b4\u98ce\u96e8\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac:\u5916\u8bed\u6559\u5b66\u4e0e\u7814\u7a76\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c\u7b2c52\u9875\uff0c\u7b2c66\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[49]Shakespeare,&nbsp;<em>The Tempest<\/em>, 2.2.164(\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5e55\u7b2c\u4e8c\u573a\u7b2c164\u884c).(\u4e2d\u8bd1\u672c\u7b2c54\u9875\uff0c\u7b2c123\u884c\u3002)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[50]Shakespeare,&nbsp;<em>The Tempest<\/em>, 2.2.78(\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5e55\u7b2c\u4e8c\u573a\u7b2c78\u884c).(\u4e2d\u8bd1\u672c\u7b2c52\u9875\uff0c\u7b2c61\u884c\u3002)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[51]Shakespeare,&nbsp;<em>The Tempest<\/em>, 2.2.185 (\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5e55\u7b2c\u4e8c\u573a\u7b2c185\u884c).(\u4e2d\u8bd1\u672c\u7b2c54\u9875\uff0c\u7b2c136\u884c\u3002)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[52]Shakespeare,&nbsp;<em>The Tempest<\/em>,2.2.129-130(\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5e55\u7b2c\u4e8c\u573a\u7b2c129\u2014130\u884c)(.\u4e2d\u8bd1\u672c\u7b2c53\u9875\uff0c\u7b2c95\u884c\u3002)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[53]Shakespeare,&nbsp;<em>The Tempest<\/em>,2.2.180-181(\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5e55\u7b2c\u4e8c\u573a\u7b2c180\u2014181\u884c)(.\u4e2d\u8bd1\u672c\u7b2c54\u9875\uff0c\u7b2c131\u2014132\u884c\u3002)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[54]Shakespeare,&nbsp;<em>The Tempest<\/em>, 2.2.166-167(\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5e55\u7b2c\u4e8c\u573a\u7b2c166\u2014167\u884c).(\u4e2d\u8bd1\u672c\u7b2c54\u9875\uff0c\u7b2c124\u2014125\u3001127\u884c\u3002)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[55]Shakespeare,&nbsp;<em>The Tempest<\/em>, 2.1.167(\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5e55\u7b2c\u4e00\u573a\u7b2c167\u884c).(\u4e2d\u8bd1\u672c\u7b2c41\u9875\uff0c\u7b2c141\u884c\u3002)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[56]Francis Bacon,&nbsp;<em>The Essays or Counsels, Ciuill and Morall<\/em>, London, 1625, pp. 198-199.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[57]Mary Floyd-Wilson,\u201cTemperature, Temperance, and Racial Difference in Ben Jonson&#8217;s The Masque of Blackness,\u201d<em>English Literary Renaissance<\/em>, vol. 28, no. 2, 1998, p. 183.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[58]Alan Stewart,\u201c&#8217;Euery Soyle to Mee Is Naturall&#8217;: Figuring Denization in William Haughton&#8217;s English-men for My Money,\u201d<em>Renaissance Drama<\/em>, vol. 35, 2006, pp. 58-59.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[59]Jean Feerick\u201c, Spenser, Race, and Ire-land,\u201d<em>English Literary Renaissance<\/em>, vol. 32, 2002, pp. 94-95.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[60]PeterErickson,KimF.Hall\u201c, &#8216;ANewScholarlySong&#8217;:RereadingEarlyModernRace,\u201d<em>ShakespeareQuarterly<\/em>,vol.67, no. 1, 2016, p. 11.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[61]GinaFilo\u201c, &#8216;AScarceSeenThingSheGlides&#8217;:BlacknessandMiscegenationinEldredRevett&#8217;sPoems,\u201d<em>ELH<\/em>,vol.86, no. 1, 2019, p. 58.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[62]Sujata Iyengar,&nbsp;<em>Shades of Difference: Mythologies of Skin Color in Early Modern England<\/em>, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2005, p. 15.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[63]Kyle Whyte,\u201cIndigenous Climate Change Studies: Indigenizing Futures, Decolonizing the Anthropocene,\u201d<em>English Language Notes<\/em>, vol. 55, no. 1, 2017, pp. 153-162. Also see Kyle Whyte,\u201cOur Ancestors&#8217; Dystopia Now: Indigenous Conservation and the Anthropocene,\u201d<em>The Routledge Companion to the Environmental Humanities<\/em>, eds. Ursula K. Heise et al., London: Routledge, 2017, pp. 222-231; Heather Davis,ZoeTodd\u201c, OntheImportanceofaDate,orDecolonizingtheAnthropocene,\u201d<em>ACME:AnInternational E-journal for Critical Geographies<\/em>, vol. 16, no. 4, 2017, pp. 761-780.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u539f\u520a\u300a\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u6587\u300b2021\u5e74\u7b2c2\u671f\uff0c\u8f6c\u8f7d\u8bf7\u8054\u7cfb\u6388\u6743\u3002<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5173\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e16\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u548c\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\uff0c\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u5bf9\u4eba\u6587\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u63a2\u7a76\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u800c\u57fa\u7840\u6027\u7684\u518d\u601d\u8003\u3002\u2026\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":9220,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[2892],"tags":[2893,2899,2897,2900,29,2898,2901,347],"class_list":["post-9217","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-2892","tag-2893","tag-hathitrust","tag-2897","tag-2900","tag-29","tag-2898","tag-2901","tag-347"],"blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":6}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9217","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9217"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9217\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9223,"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9217\/revisions\/9223"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9220"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9217"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9217"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/achieve.dhcn.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9217"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}